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Somae Important Faces connected whitjr the Disevmyof Gun:Coton O the 14th or October last, immediate ly btrlearniog'tat-Cotton had been'con-. verted.inta-an explosive material, Proes ToW* Eltet,-a~f the f~uonth Carolina Onilege,' discovered the process which, (weeks af terwards.) wss published by Otto. This process consisted. in, the employment of very stiong NitiAcid.' On the 31st of' October, Prof. ElIet disco'vdedfibe ,rocess which he subse quently found to be identical with that of MchQnbein,,sud Which consists in the em ployment of a mixture of strong Nitric and Sulphuric Acids ; but Dr. Ellet at orce discarded this process, as he fad the former one, for the reasop, thait it was too cditly. On the 10th- of November. Dr. Ellet employed-Saipetre dissolved in Sulphuric Acid, as a cheap aid easy way of procu ring the desired result, and on the 10th of November be psa using such solutions with entire success and great economy in preparing the Gun Cotton. Thn esseuial- feature of this last pro cess, (which ho has'since'imp roved by the rubstitudien of Nitrate of Soda for Saltpe tro.i -onsists in dispensing with the em ployntt of a previously prepare I and costly Nitric -Acid, which was regarded as an objectionable feature'in :the other pro cess. It i quite certain that Gunu Cutnou . made by Prof. Ellet's process, can be of forded at least 70 per cent cheaper than by any other thus far discovered. If the experiments made at the Ordi nance Department in Washington are to he relied upon,-Gun Cot ton mado by Prof. * Ellot's process is vastly superior to, that which was used.in-these experiments, and which it is well known, was made by Schonbein's process. Dr. Ellei's, process, as we understand it, furnishes an article which has the fol lowing properties. It differs but little in appearance from ordinary cotton,;-it does not explode at temperatures below 3730 Farenheit-It requires- very violent per cussion to explode it, so that there can be no danger in using i- arising from this sorce. It bears exposure to the sun, the air, rain, dew or frost, with )ut change or deterioration. In proof of this, we would state, thai portions of it have been lying on the roof of an otbuilding since the 20th ayof November exposed to every ?i4iibp.heri 'ssitude, which are. now as gnid aswhe i prepared. When used properly-in fire arms, it leaves tno moisture Wits solid residue is almost iuappreciable. and does not soil the piece. We havermadp this statement from a sense of justice to Dr. Ellet. and becauw eircumstanccs would seem to indicate, if we mistake-not, the existence of soetto in fluence in'asbingto-, unfavorable to his discovery, which be both unjust and .un generous.. We sincerely hope that events may prove that these- apprehensions-are 'undless.-Palmet Banur. -e ,~ t t e e . c bcaare mentsthat foflo e~i, even whenaOt.p pared in strict conformit to the mode pre scribedby that gentleman,we:hjve deemed it expedient to re-publish the precise pro ccss by ,which he now prepaes-ta . What Dr. Ellet claims asa' discovery, and wit!, we learn, ask aipatent for, con. .is t immersing Cottotn and other vege table substances to a state of suitably inmiaute. division, in :a liqilid which .is formed by dissolving eithe'rounimori Salt .petre,or the Nitrade of Soda in good Oil of Vitrol- for a certain length of time then washing it freely it; water-subse quently in water cotainmrg a minute quantity of Aqua Amnciiouia, and final3y drjing it To produce the Explosive, or Gun Cotton of good quaitwy, one part tby weight of Satpetre, is iisolved at common temn peratures, in two and one half parts by weightt of Oil of Vitriol, iit a broad and -shallow vessel, and the Cotuontis-tntrodu ced in as large qu:tuntaies as can be thoroughly wet by the liquid. It ts left in this condition for a period of from half an hour to an hour and a half, varying with the temperature, c., mnd then is to be tnoroughly wased- with large quanwi ties of water, until its new taste is re moved. It is finally washed with water - - containing so small a quantity of Aqita Ammoni.a as to be barely perceptible to the taste- The operation is completed b~y . drying the substanco either by a steamt heat, or bty exposulre to the air.-The' pro *- portions of Saltp.:tre and Oil of Vitrol above stated, ridmit of considerable varia tion. Thtequanttties given-t. htowever-. are consid'ered very conivenient foi use. The proce-s may be varied also by su.\iecting~ the Cotnon previotus to washing it witht .water, to suitable pressure.. ulherety a portion of - he soutionf canr tbe "r.eed on: -end used in a scondt popehAa('-a Tile Naita oi Sod.:I MI." Osedi wahj advantagc in preparncg in (60 Cotton. *Igis a cheappr article than Saltpetre, and ca be used in small quanties to produce the samei resuit. Prof. Edlet claimq as part of his discovery, the usa of' Nitrate of Soda as wellas that of Sah petre io soln. tion in Oil ofVttriol. Hei moreovet claims as we stated sonme weeks ago, the inven- 1 tion of a new Sabine mixture in comnposi- I tion, which is of high value as a muauure for agricultural uses, and which catn be applied with great advantage also in the manufacture of Alum and.other Chemical' -compounds of extensive use- in t he A rts. . By addiug to the waters -which haver been used for washing the cotton -or other ! -vegetable .substance emnployed, marl, or any other form of limestone-honOecahos, I -or unburned bones,. in proper quantity, s -andievaporating, a substance is formed of 5 yery high value as a manure. The quan- g -tity oiti manure is many times greater e than. hatef the cotton employed. The ti matters which Dr. Eliet claitms as being g of his own indpendent discovery, may. therefore be statrd 'as followe :t 1st. The eniploydtent of Saltpetre at dissolved iri OilVj iraas a materiul a~ for converting com'pon cotton into' Gun eci cotton. . . fBI 2d l'hie employmeuIoNisraite of Soda I g dissolvsd in Oil of Vteo1 for -ithi same l 3d. The final wishing in wayter eon adning'Aq a Ammonia. 4th. The preparationof tin :-article highly iervieeabl&o agriciltire as an .in cidental product of the manufacture of Gon Conaon by hbig process. -Stb. The.preparation of an article. can sable of being employed with advantage in the manufacture ofAlum. which article is also an incidental product of the Gut Cotton by his process.-Paltetuo Ban. From tie N. Y. Commercial Advertiser. APPROACH TO THE CITY OF MUEXico. If a march to the Mexican capial. from Vera Cruz as the starting point. is deter mined on by the great military sages at Washington, we all have an interes' in knowing what is to lie encountered on the road. The following itinerary, as it may be called, has been made tip from authen tic sonrces, and is believed tobe accurate. Vera Cru.-The city of Vera Cruz is walled round, with a fort at each extrem ity of the watsr front : the walls on the land side are loopho!ed for muskery. Parapet guns have been recently mounted on the walls. The city walls are very thick, of coral rock ; the walls of the hou ses are ususlly 26 feet thick, and the roofs are flat. Each house has a cistern or cis terns of rain water. The city is well paved. From Vera Cru to Mexico -About ten miles from Vera Crtz is a stream 200 yards wide, crossed at a ferry in scows, or by swimming horses over.. The next stream, about 30 miles from Vera Cruz. is fordable. and is also spanned by a wooden bridge.called Pcucnte del Rey (the King's bridge,) and also the cational bridge. Near it on the right is an eminence of about 60 feet, on v-hich is a. fort, completely cor manditng the approach and bridge. Be:ween these -bridges and Jalapa the road passes near several -heights. from which the natives can annoy invaders on the raad. City of Jalapa.-This city stands nn very elevated ground, yet for many miles the ascent is quite gradual. From the city Vera Cruz is visible, as is also the sea, 90 miles distant. The city itself is upon a high hill-highest in the centre, so that the streets incline conaiderably ; so much so that tin wheeled vehicle ran pass along any of them except the main street. or road, which has a considerable rise and descent. The city is surrounded by a wall, and has a strongly built Church near the Western gate, which could ie conver ted ittlo a citadel. The streets arc paved. The houses, as in other Mexican towns. arc ofstone, with flat ro'ofs and iron barred windows. Opposite the ciiy,'on the left of the road. is a hill fton: which the road night be annoyed and- shees thrown into the town For the distance of si. or se ven tni!cs b~efore reaching.the tnu the road is a handsome. and stibstantial st'ue' ture of chaquered pave-ent, and must have been very costly. - Perote.-At the base of a high mount, bearing the same name, some distance from the road on the lefi, is a cluster of ho::ses, with a Church, called Pernte. Cityof Perok--Oppoyite;'onrthe.i of. the -radi, andicommaiding ti encircedi by a deep dry fosse-or dii.cli TIre miinentrance is bygoing overa che rauar de frize by a -.stile, descending some twenty five or -thirty stone steps to the b: tion of the fosse and crossing it to the gares. which are-ou a level with uhe hot tny of Puleba.-This city is *walid aind fortied. It is huilt of s'.one and the ctr'.en nro well paved. Contaic.ns bu1 JQ00,(000 inhabitnts. H ere tsnte~r is abiun da~nt, but from ghbe national bridas to thi.. city no warer cto be obtained -the noiires subrstitng pulqui -as a heverage. I'rom , ;ihapa mo Pueblda thu-re arcee.c:: stounal i:igtits near th-- roeid, w"hich. if for tified, mrn; annoy in uad ers. In ,,; frotn W'ra Cruz to Piuebla liha is :nhe case-the traverl blinvg asltniately o ;etr broad utnnh. strurted roua-ts. anid tnarromw paemes. cam mnan ted by iirights. T he ro-i! pa-e through Pu. 'a. Tfhe Pur4/auo~s hatve a rteutli-ir character ; they are ennning nud couragecuq, atnd th- most c:Cpert roun.-r* and aswas-ztns throughout Mexico. where there i' no lack of such. If an oflf-ndler i.s brought hefore an alcade, anty wher' else. arid is known or ascertained to be a Poe ha no, hi. con'ienaiuion is cure. Cordot'a. A small walled and garrisoned town. through which the road passes. fieyond Putebla the road is good till it reachens 'he mountain of Cordova, about ihe mtidhway between the former and1 tile cy7 -f Mtexi co. where the ascent is very ruggred and sleecp, thotugh without defiles. Near dhe r-ovtd. at the ieet of this mttntain, pnsse~s the R~io Fro. or cold river, which has it, rise in rthe nueighboring mnountain of Pu ;pocam;petl, 17.000) feet atbove the level w~alheu A work cn somie of the heights r)t Pop.ocatap,-:tl wuild romm uand the road. Aiter-leavmng thie muounttain of (Cordoval the road is good and unuubstructedl, wit h pienty or water to the city ot Mexico. j r aever-ei mnib-s betn.re rencening that cit3 be road is delightful, passirg bet ween; par ;Ilti canails and rows of Lombhardy popp a rs. TJize Lake of T'excuco -TisInkccncom n.-nce~ on thte right or the rioad. inear tte ity, into which its waters are calrriedr iv \ anal, the latter serving al-so to drain I,. uttters. &c., into the lake. Tue so cuall akre is a large, long and very irre~rularly hiaped basin, shallow, anid containiing, no nerous small isl~inds anad covere-d Iby my ia ts of wild dlucks. Trhe deptrh of water aries with die seatson ; in the rainy tontths Lie basin is tilled. and then it assumes 'be pp~earance of a large lake. Beinug the re eptacle of all the draintings from the city is very filthy. Tlho oaual from thte city asses through it, fed by its waters, five or x miles in a south east direction to the r~allfortofChalco, at the extreme mrar in of the basin in that direction. This anal is used fir transporting produce into te city, anid for pleasure excursions in undolas, &c. City of Mexico.-Like all other Mexi an ctties this .has walls and houses of I one, with flaatroofs. &c. It is well paved; I gutter fourfeet wide. passes throngh the I tutre of each street. covered by broad flag I anes, remnovenble at pleasure. -Alf the C ttters are drained into th.e canal or lake.r be city has many large and strong Chum sa ntrI other geat kbthdue asil,- .on- nt vaoted into fortresses. If its*alsswere Fbrid rnountld witli caii nnd' well garrisoned, it.could mk 'e aoraijit bie resistonce to beseigers. During the festival days, which are very numerrous. the haciendas for tweeyy or thfirty miiles around rend ito the cty not less than 10,000 mounted peasantryef the better class, most expert horsemead:They are courageous, and skilful.. in. the use of lance, lasso and mrachere, which isf rge and heavy knife. Nothii more ard be necessary than for the padres ino o firth into the streets .f th. principal cities, ar ticularly Pue bla anda lenico, elevate--tieir crosses a nd, appeal to the bigotry ofithe population, to rally an immense-force of bold, active and desperate meb tiho would make fierce resistance to an. inva sion. And if invaders should force their way in assassinations by the hane so mary expert murderers, would soo 'make. fearful inroads on their numbers. The N. 0. Delta, whieh has donte its full share of fault finding with theTPresi dent for allowing Santa Anna Totreturn unmolested to Mexico, in its issue pf the 24th inst., admits that in all probability that step vgill turn out favorable tolpeace. We quote the Delha's remarks, whieh-pre sent a very sensible view of the risition and plans of the Mexican Geieiral But we are not prepared,-olidmit, "with the lights now before' us.' s M-r. Van Buren used to-say when callei ot- to give an opinion on the subject ofal tarif4 that Santa Anna will- not bene puw rfnl instrument in bringing about a satisfactory peace. Those-who are stronger dos ctes of peace than we pretend to lie; who would justify -any means to prncid co, may yet have to retract their 3eo na tion of ir. Polk's conduce in flair. The remark in the messag ,..r mains to be seen whether is .may riot prove to be favorable .jimri ad justient of the existing -di may yet prove true, - and in case ea, the lois's of peace, who liaie so I~redly prononnced the conduct of te President as weak and blundering, may fi6 cause to change their tone into one d: compli. menrof Mr. Pflk' hugaciry. All the i-itcrests and feelitbgs manta Alta are opposed 'o the edti rrdn ace of this wa-r with the United Sjt . liis large estates, his interest in the eke, in the mercanile enterprises of. tb u'niry, his private monied resources,-- ich he watches with an eye scarcelykl keen rind vigilant than that which'ts, "upon the "fleeting favor" of theer who support-him, are seriously ditiiT slied in vai:e and reduced tn income i, 'fIii war. Besides, he known better than-fii' man in Mexico, save Altonte, . i private counsellor and unfailing fries he. vast resources and resistless powetn iasJni on. -He laughs in his sleeg.at ~;giupia I followers when he liears*hetir 1 d' bravos over his high-soundiniup.oisain ens, in whicb be deelares his 'ieter 40, - to carry the g'ar to thebauks o7V .tine. But on the pasiOus add Ri othis. mnass'he 'depead. for to. the conisrider iainst''Ifie, ;wealhi-, en'thusiauir it) defeihe of"h e 'uiry eel leeis tigether a large army tiree undred miles fromithe enemy, and. prepares Po great effort.-But soon -the valor of tt,s Mexican levies w ill grow cold, thi supplies wll coie in slow, desertiots will be fre quent, and the romaoce aud'ititerest of the whole afi'tir will ev.:porate it a :.oke. The evacuatnon of st' imiporiant a post as Tampico. can only be explained by sup pOSing2 thmt santa Atnna, to promote his pacific views., wishes to gives the [Jrdteei states anchl posi on, as would redncee the9 cotntesit to the i~sue oft a Smge desper-sie battle to he foughtt befo~re .mt JLuidwei; korowing th.at 31 exicamt ntrcune and firmr ness wouhl not stand s'.ch an issue, ani wh Ien it a pproiached thait, a heir t hough: wodsoon lie "benit ott peace." Anty othe' viw wnt-di do injustice io Santa Anna's stigachyv; for .vhat generail, w ith t he eiiglt'.est psretentio:n. tojudgmnent. skill 'ir exptertence, wiould int a countty. so ad1 mriratbly adapted for defensive wuirfare at. Miexico, where at every villaae stream and motnnitain pass, a smtal botdy oft mn mitght keep at bay, or seriodsly damnage a large mtvadting tore, would collect ie fores into tone solid biody. and gniet ly await until an enemns of superior mean~s and courage shall think proper -to attack fromnt Mlotety, thai Gen. Tiuitir enter toins the opint 'hit the ii am isconcludled anrd t hat Congress will under thinftiluenice of Sanrt: Atuaa. a, soon as it ztieer, de clars ini .., v.or of pitiee. . Fromt the XV 0. Picay/une, Jan. %. F ROM ThlhE .- E-A r 01" i A11. I.afler from I 'ampico -Iruportant from~ Gien. W~ori--uoneentrutjon of Truoops Namai' Anti.. Th %tasar Vrivnia. Captain S-rith ari'iv-ur last e ccong- fromt TIa-tpicni, via idraz.- intst, having left the Br azos othe 27th tilt. T'he brig Empriessrio, I (;i:aun Coilhots, w-ich sailedl from Tam-i piicot on the 26mo, also arriveri last ntighit< By the'se vealjs wi. haive .P'-ived lette.r, fromt Mr. Lumnsden, .t '1 aenei, e'ime 'it 1 which we gave below.- fn:. '.,n:oin all alhe intellbgence brought fromt TIampico,. anid cleat up some points itt the raccotants previously eeceived Which appeared ob sentre. We have coniversed with a gentleman whto ennm passeniger in thie Virginia. fromin Brazsa, anid who is ahrmect fromn M~onierey. r lie kintdly furuishediu5 witht the following( infommationi, iwhichi is highly imnportant, if there he no error in the accouts.-They l wets fully credited'at the Brnzos. and are ni :onifirnied by Capit- Brower, of the schr. ERobert Mills, who arrived last evening ai rom that piort. s An '-xpress from Gen. Worth.- at Sal- it illt,, arrived at Monterey on Wednesday, i4 lie .16th of Deceimber.. It brought tne x' ews that Gen Worth had1 learned through is spies that Sants Anna:'was -Withtin ia bree day.s' march of Saltillo, at this head bi f an army of tweti''or thirty thousand C men.--Te express bore a ca-ll upon Gen. fr 'aylnr for'reiniforcements.: Gen. Taylor~ a nd hiim staff had left Monterey... the .i... 15th ull,-the day before the ospress or rived-tor Victoria to join his command, which was-two days'. march in advaine of him. Gen. Butler, in commlnd at Monterey, immediately sent off despatches in Gen. ,Marshall. at Cumargo, and Gen. Patter son at Matamoros, to send forward without delay all the troops they could spare from their commauds. Getn. Paterson hai left Monterey only the day before the news reached that pla .e It was at once fornsardedl to him, and upon learning its purport, our infornant states that he immediately started on his return with the view to proceed to Monte rev. It was reported at Tampico on the 25th as will he seen from the 1ostcript to Mr Lumsden's last letter that portion of Gen. Patterson's cominand had entered Victo ria. bu. it is not mintiondd that the Gen eral himself had arrived, sit that we cat' not judge hone tathe news faom the two sources may conflict. The -express reported at Matanoras that the road 1rom Monterey to Catnargo was lined with troops-regutars and viol unteers-on their march to :Monterey, having been previously ordered up Our informant says there were four regttents upon the road. The route from Mounte rey is infested by predatory bands ot ru-u eheros, by which the travelling is reudered insecure. One train had been attacked a few days before nor mfornant passed over the road, as hail also several small 1arties and some few men had been killed and wounded. We need not say that this news posses ses the highest interest. As we wright we have only verbal re: aris ii regard to it, but hope so receiva this tmornig our cur respondence from the army. Tere is no intitmsic irnprobabtdiiv in Santa Ain i's movcrttettts, atid he possesses the energy and skill claimed for him, notii'ng appears more likely than that he should fall like a thunderbolt upon some point in our ex tended line and hope to crush ts. But we have every confidence in the vigil3tc.; of Gen. Vorth, :nd his uhi it} to hoh'l the enemy in coeck until Gen. Wool and Ge:. Taylor arrive to his support. M, e await firrher intelligence nin the utn.st intt rest. Editorial Gorrespondence of the Picayune. T A M P IO. Dec. 19, 1846. . I wrote you a very hasty scrawl yes terday, and I will now add a hew lines. It has been tnygood fortune to meet here several officers of the Nav;- with n hot I had the hionr of an old cq'taiutance, an from intelligence rtceived through them I can give you fur the infurmatiom of their numerous friends at home, o'niething of the tritediate movements of that portion of the seta-dron now here, consisttng of the fullowing vessels;-Steamer Spitfire, Corn. 'I'at'nll; gunboats Reefer, Lieut. Sterret; Petrel. i'ltdshipman Perry; m. oats, .Lieut. Hazard; ind revenue schr.. .Ewing. Capt. Moor.-'he first . four. named are to sail soon for Anton Lizardo; the latter for Brazos Santiago. The het healt4 prevails on board all hese vessels. .Khe. wi iassiube.arrivef i New Or aiid: itelligent, arf is in every -respec1 fitted r ihis station. One of the ist acts of Gal.. Gates, previoulsly in command oi this past, was to remove a fellow- named .Labruere, from his otlice as auctioneer. for rftusing to take up arms and turn out with the ch zens the other dav whrn they tiad ttu' alarmi of which I infortned you yesterd:;y. ''Served limt right. Vour-. &c. F. A. L. rSTILL L.ATF:R. D v thi::rri val au a Iate houicr hbut night oif ; he U. $. steamer Edhh, Capt Cooii lard, we httie three days1 liner doeits fr*om lH5a5 .Mamii-2'- She leff .Braz s 'ii rhe 310th *il., andI bringes contfirmiatiin of iudei reportedi arth-atce of Santa Anna wsitht -a huatge force on1 Mat tlo. It was rep~ortedf tht the Mlextcan armny was ntearly 30.000 stroig. UWen Gen. Worti's express reaichedl Mo:sir.-y. Gen Taylor hadt ol', gont six or eight mtiles on hiq manrch t. Victoria iudl- te troops tinder GJenerails Tw ig and Quit mian wsere hot twelve mniles in .udvaice ()rdrr wrv immediaj~tely' in. ed to this di isrinm to retrace i's -nepis. and prceed at o-'re to Saitillo. IBefore the express reached (Camatrgo, lien L ane had started for Sahtillo with nii comm m-t~~his 'rm on the :20 I,. tien. 3l1arshall set out next mi.rntng. i:kme. with~ hti tie remnaittter oif the focs wvit h him cne exceptin or Capt.. Iloniter andtl Swartwout's commands, which were lefi proteet thant poimt. 'rThe troops fromni [Xmnnr2o wirt- on a forced itnreh. t' reach SaltillIo in time for a hiatri , reports tas inz proevailed for severi'a datys before iositive td vices were received of the moove Tifntq of Santa A nnui. G'r'. Wotol was ninety imileq from SalI illo at the I tit ailvices ftron hitm, ani it s I! upttntedhe li-udjoiio**' Gen, W~orth ..e- .'. rn.- eI t he fuf Ynm . ThI-r- v-a C rmor that 'Sata Annai Oi's thr' r> athod 17,000 man~t betweeni ;"n. Wonrtht and Gen. Taylor. to prevet junction of the Atmerican forces. Thtis eport was not. iredijied, nor do--s it seem robable that it is trn--. as the. main romi if Mtonterey passes thuro,;h~ suatilio. ['here is, a circuiton- mont- .,in roaid wihic-h v-aids Sotillo. hot i: i< nmt f,asvorab~e : he manth of an enemy, and is itmpracti able for o'rdntance. I t was th~e im pression of Lientl--man whto amei passetngers in the Ed'ii i, and with rhiom 'se have coniversed, that a hatrie .ens f~ouht aibotnt the 25th utit. It rwas htongbit. howisever, that Gen. Ta vior haud iachedl Satillo befoi-r.e lthttrtime,'a ni also eni. Twvitg's. Gen. Quitt'man .Gn. Hit- I ~r's anud Getn. Wool's commat~nids. It wats kewise hoped that the lroops fromo Ca tarco wotuld al so nerive at Sitnil lo in good 'asomn. If thtese experctaitions were re lized, Gen. Taylor hadl about seven ihon nd men to Oppose Samau Annmua. Our formnant,, think tha.-t Santta Atinn's :nmy -as overrated ; but tno positive know ledge~ is had of his exnct numbiiers. The -whole valley of the iRio Grantde as in a state of great firmet. A ppre masions of an attack were entertained at omargo, 3luntamnoro9 anid oilier pointg, - oim the ranchcoros under Canales. 'rhe I ithdrawal of si tmany troops fromu the ne*lf h alyexoe odne. At Matamaros, Col. Clark has called upoj the citzens to enrol themnselvesrser vice, and at the Brazos 3en..Jessup had d.ne the same thing. BothT:these points were sadly deficient in both men and erms. it was thought Canales had.2000 men un der him, and that the large supply of goods at Matamoros. and the exposed condition of that city, might quicken his courage. Gen. Sctt arrived at the Brazos on the 28th ult. The following day he proceeded to the mouth of the itio Grande, and was yet at that place when the Edith left, waiting the arrival of the horses belong ing to the regiment of mounted riflemen, when it was understood he.would proceed immediately up the river to Camargo. Capt. Wayne has been transferred from the staff of Maj. Genl. Jessup to that Gets. Scott. and was to accon on his tour of observation. The steamship Alabama wa off the Brazos when the Edith sailed, nd will probably bring us more definite intelli. gence in a few days-the Eud' a was also ther, so that we may count u on an, arrival very soon. Tne Edith brought over a large n ail; hot owing to the latiees of the lourno 'her arrival, it % as not sent to the post o ce. She encountered great gales from the sot? h and east. stud yet made the passage in fifm V- lionrs. Anutigst her passengers were Maj. E. S. Iat wkins, 7th Infantry ; Capt. J. G. Todd, of Texas; J. .\.'Cowan, 2nd Nntucky legiment. and Capt. Twitchell of the same regiment; ,Messrs. Clemeats, H ar'ison, &c. The news leaves a painful anxiety to learn the progress of events. Tho im pression anongst 'hr passengers that a battle hal been fought was so strong that we have .almost imhibed the belief. It was believed that an express had been sent to eon. Patterson. cnunterman - ditig his march in the direction of Victoria. UsEs OF DctiPt.NING Tor SoIL: It seems to tie supposed. by many who talk about the deepening the soil, that the first purpose of it is, to allow the roots of plants to run deep ; and by some, that if this is not the object there can he hardly any other. This notion is neilher confined to the advocates nor opponents of the doctrine of deep tillage. It is but a little itne since several different men have. maintained, in our hcaritig, that it was of no use to plough or dig deep, because the roots of plants run near the surface of the earth. While tvedo riot subscribe to the conclusion here drawn. we suspect the fact to be as stated, to a far greater extent than tpany suppose. Till of late, in giving directious for planting out asparagus roots, the cultiva. tors have required the earth to be trench ed to the depth of two feet, and the plants to be set with their roots p-crpendicular, the lower cxtremsitiesrf them being buried at least 15 inches below the surface, and lest they should ncline to go too deep, the bottom of the trenches imust .be filled with. brick or stone, forming a pavement deep in the soil. The whole of this prac tice was flutded on the idea that td roots of this plant wereever delving downwards. to the centre of the earth, apd the, soil -m; becsti rrd andearicbed ilorwbr ~theirjour . '' *So of griape vind~s--a-great ised bfuues~ stones, brick bats. and what not: mbst be forned'; because the rots of vines were always straying downward as iuch.uas.it": top was reaching npward. Of late the tfiscovery has been made that the roots of grape vites do not rttt dieep, b'ut they are crecpinig towartd the surfatce, like those ampihibioust animals which lie so nr-ar tbk surface of the waster that the~ air can find ready ancess to their ltong-. Nori'could we ever satisfy ourselves that thae4ati of asparagus ;aiue any such pre dilectio . for the interior of' the globe na. some mnain~i. We always find them nt'ar the~ surlier, especiatlly wshen their hed has tieen deeply tilled. It thiese facts ar~e so, is thtere any se .ini tiluing so iieep, and may we ntit cnneour culture to tite surface- ? B~ tno mteants. iTie nteces-ity of dee~p tillauge (does not1 rest on iese tfacts, be tiey one or the otaer. &one of the miore general requisites of a soii ate, 1st, a ii ni of ioud for the plants it sustins, consisting of' thtose mineral cunstat neints and those organic matters adatptedl to feed titm. 2d, atn evenness of temper:itcre. 3d, such a cunstcture as1 can lie eaisily permiuted by moisture and air. 4rntdiiih such a mechianical detnsity as will allow the easy passage of' roots through it, and at the sarne ime htold thec roots to tir pilaces antd aiffourd themt tieir niet in 0st feiciet q uan tities. 'The reason fir tie fiirst of th'ie is read i'y seti. rThe seroitd is ittit so quickly comnprehtended ; huti the faict is, that a soil witich has un been stirred for a lonig t imer b~eciimes a reiiy uidcnotr of' heat. 11 ence its tropferatture is afhected wvitht every~ :hiange ot atosputure, wsith tbis difrercnc el -that tihe cold below~ conrots t miuchi ea tier thanthe iic.eat trum atove. Frequent alteraions of heartitand cold, such as are :emmtonii to the early part of the season, 1cr. very itnjiriously uponl growing vegeta ion. If the soil is s . cotistructed as to miaaitn an evetn temperature, it may, to g,-eat extent, coiu-teract the efrect of the I huirng.-s of i le atmoisphere, btit it is a(Tec. t ed by all ihirse changes it is obivious that ;egetianon must5 suff'er in piropiortiotn. It is shi thi' obser ationi of any on,: that a oil whi is tthoroughly andi iieeply tilled c s far better fitted to mnailtatin an evenI emtperature. thant otte which is only nio -edi toi a slhtllow depth. T1he third qual. Iy is obvtotus ; a dleeply tilled soil is moist ii a dry aitte. anid cotmpatrat ively (fry in at Iihi 'neh. Tue touirthi ~n ly trequires it to e observedl that i'io light soil is not fa. 'nr4bler i thle iest growth of vegetation. lenice the use oh rollers, aind pressure ap. f lied im varIiorus wuys to tbring the earlih I 1to a reaisunatble compaiict state after p)uI- j erZailiont. N ons. it is reasonable to suppose-nor oly itn accoirdnce witht facts-shat wsith deep rich culture, rte roots of planits-t rail seek tie surface of tho earthI, but that~:i iey wilsooiner' seek it in such a soil thatn ' I a poior antd shoial one. A soil of thle t~ rnst named qfuattties dries far less at thei irface tian tile latter. Of couirse roots ave less occasiont to go downward tor toistur'e. Tihe soil, too being tmelfo w and bptward wbith ie moisture, iuiteal;' lc ging theroots to delve downward rose ing it. . r 5'. We-see, then, that deep culture, sofa ";.1 from resting on the fact of the. deep per mention or-oots, is supported by the.cqu trary fact.-Prairie Farmer. "Y EDGEFIELD C.1 WEDNESDAY..JANDVART 13, 1817, Cold Wcather.-Afler having bad.sgyeral. days of warm giusant wreather, on Thpraa~ last, there Wasa considerable change:. There was a heavy fall of rain, and the thermometet stink rapidly. Thursday night ivas,ezcesive ly cold, and on Friday nornina.the 'thermo4 meter stood at 19 at sunrise. Duringdtbe whole day, it did not rise above 22 degrees: .attrJay was also very cold. T O COMPANIES MORE .FOR THE PALMETTO REGIMENT. A 1t r this Regiment had been filed,.widtia pronptltipde that reflected great credit upor-thie State; the8ecretary of War having been in formed that.. fine company had been organ. - ized in Newberry, ahd another aearly'filled 1n Edgcfield, rcgrtsled that these companies shou ld be e ompleted, and added to the Paline-i to Regiment of Ve.lunteers from tjis State. Under, this reqnest. we are gratified to- learn that the Ed -lieaJ Company. held a mieiti on Sattidny last, at liichardson's, placed'at its head. as Captain, Coll ,OLuve Towuts, and met here yesterday to recruit.: We-'trust that this further call npon 1he gallantry of Old Edgcfie!d, will he responded to, as becomes her. tihe has signa'ized herself. by her Cowr pany of 96 Bnys, now on the roue to tae' set of war, and she now has the op uity tfa . cover herself with still 'higher honor It-wil he seen fro.n the proceedings of Capt. Company published in this days' paper. th . that brave and popular.officer ind his comp ny, will remain here a few days to complete their organizatioi and fill up het .ranksiiiih a few recrtits,.still wanting. 'Ve hope that he nnmhers will be filled to overfiwving; i citizens 'here will make arraneienis ~for paying proper respect to the-Volu'teessond Friday nexr, and thepublic at large are invited to attend. - At a meeting of the Butler Guards, the following proce.dings were had : . Whereas, The Govarnnr '.f'Son6 7U olina has heen atflhiorized'bf hege of' Wtr to acceptile s'erices of-ti puny of folunteers from $wber Vqt of eot any--dm : Egefiek r$1a b the n e : lrguti -tni ot~li"te:tiwq lt. Resolved That the call ofo e try-for troops fop tis alexican War call upon our pafriotidm, wihich' will znt be disregrded. 2nd.-Resolved. That Elgelield has not forgot ten the Alamo, and although l'has stenz her *'96 Boys" itnto tlle field, she will honor this additional call upon her. 3d. Resolced. That we adopt the. n.ame ofthe "luiler Guardis," and that Satur uday next, if or ranks are filled, we will take uip the line of mara. The Poor House ina Edgefeldd Distri.-4i s known to many of onr readers, that the Cow mnissioners of thle Poor ini our District, ivere tihorized to rell the old Poor hionse, and the lanid or. wiichi it was sitnated. They have ac corduingly disposed ol the property,. and they puirchasyd dnring the last year. a tract sof Jand in the pincy woods aboult three aid a half miles distanit from this place. This tract is in at very healthy section of country, is well wood ed. is tolernbly fertile in the qnality eithe soil.'. aind will pr')bably in time produce a suffiiei :y of proviio~ns for the paupers. l'hi I~t piuichpea of the Commissioners adjoins lands ' if Wr. Avery Bland, and is 'situated .aboat b'ree'fonrths of a mile' from: the Newberry road. Not lung Smnce, we paid a -visi to the new Poor Hlouse.and made at partjetlexam nation of the premises. The builings are, ivery excellent framncd dwellinug for' the Su ierinitendeint, twojgind arnd comfortabhefamned. uonuse., for the pariels, wltJi~a kitcihen and din* nig room attached; 'Aliai rovided with fire tiaces. T .i'o other.hiousei ia-tldpanpcrs are ow being buiilt, and wvill lbe ready ~when they re needid. Besides tbese buidings; tliero 'is nit nuber of out houses ef substaitiah charac er. All thesec buildings.were constructed for reasonable price. There is'1 a well of wa er on the premises, which though not very alhatable is useful for othier purposes. At thme. mue of our visit. the nimber of paupers, monted to twelve. Au addition to- thin num, er hias since been made. The situation ap - eared to us to be quaite.comifirtable. These ditem whlo are aot a'tirely disabled, areen5 loyed on the farm, whichi the Comuisissiaberag re opening, and in -other useful avo6 tiens. 'he Comnsiorners have passed a resointiert pay no pensions, biut to -require all the-paug. ers in the: District, who may make applica . on to them for aid,to reside at the Poor House. 'his ill diminish the expense of providlq ir the poo~r ta a considerabla texteet.- The board will hereafter hold, its. meetings atte 'nor Homie., - The South Camtinuin.--Txe pro riet oIof uis Journal now pitblishba -semi weekly sheet,, ttho low pric~e ofthiee dallars per annum.-. 'hiis sterling Dienocratic paper is well kinown many of our readers,anteannt hatt rece ive icreased patronage.. TheD.Teificky exitiitg pbreen less al n ai h og e resentaives,'taskinSd