Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, December 16, 1846, Image 2
Tave only made the matter worse. But
to ditpense with the ocean figure. Te
Tariff of 1846 goes to day into opernuon.
The prophets have spoken of its effects,
and both sides should be holden to their
declarations; no. as a matter of personality
or figure, but for the enlightenment of the
public mind, and the settlement of the
greatest of all questions in political econ
o:ny. Mr. Lawrence. of Boston, has
predicted. that eighteen months from to
day there will not be a specie paying bank
in the United Stites. This he did, not in
haste nor in private, but in a series of
letters addressed to an lion. Senator from
the':great Stiae of Virg inia, and puhlished
with the name of Mr. Lawrence, and with
his approbation, in the papers favorable to
-16bedootrie'of protection throughout the
United States. The declaration was there
fore-substantially endorsed by the prophets
on. that side generally. Mr. Clay, the
father of the American system in a recent
address, characterized the new Tariff as
"the fatal tariff of 1846, whose calami
thus etfects will,'l apprehend, sooner or
later he extensively realized." This, with
his declaration thit "we of the West," do
think the repeal of the English Corn Laws
trill be of much importance, exhibits the
views of this greatest of the protectionists
ay to the new policy upon which Great
Britain and the United States have entered.
- We believe .these prognnstications of
the great men who have been gamed, to
b uiterlvaroundlCSS; nay, the very op.
- nasite of the truth. We have doubt of
i, foiluw ig - propostions viz: That
pr. gciuc leesbas the wages of labor ; if
not diredtly yet really. by -enhuncing the
price of protected articles purchased by the
.laborer..
.ItAlesseus tIle product of copital.
-it reduces the prices of tue -produce-of
the country. and enhanes the prices of
the- protected articles to the consumers; so
" snaing a double loss. tu. the farmers atld
gll prc ucers and.tmsnufactured attcles of
. aggravates.the fluctuations of trade,
harrying excessive importations to greater
xees, and so exposes the country to
injurious drains of coin, and its monied
insitutions-to embarrassment and bank.
ruptcy.
With these views, and sure of their
truth, we predict that the currency will he
sound and.the bank* strong. unner the in
fluence of Free Trade; and that instead
Of ruiu, the Tariff of 1846 will bring with
i: a degree of solid prosperity never before
known in opr country. Not bring wiith it
-lxactly. but alloiv to developeitself. The
sozrtcea of prosperity are .not either in free
lade or protection. They atein the good
aws ' hieb. God hap given us,: the high
p.inciples wbichour fathers taught as. the
influenc of a free and energetic Bible
*reiigion among ua. the stability of our
institutions, the security of our propetty,
and in all the mighty energies of a free,
intelligent, and- comparatively virtuous
people. Free trade is nothing at all. It
is merely the absence of restriction. Lib
erty is-gpthiing. . It is only the absence of
oppression. This absenge lets, out the
mighty energies of our race, sltiulated by
the laws-which protect us in the pursuit of
life, liberty and happiness. It is our
otr glory, that we are free ; anti
is it is which will stimuTate the - big
energies of the people by securing to them
the largest ; reward. This will fill the
coffers of our banks and our people, and
secure a steady and most rapid prosperity
ofthe country. Do men earn money or
accomplish any desirable thing by being
forbidden to act ? Do they make money
by what they can not dOt? Events will
determine the great question now submit
ted, and the people will etndose the verdict
*ith "Live free trade! Live Liber'y in
every thing."
Our Collector very kindly and properly
kept the Custom House opened until 10.
o'clock last night. Then in the darknessI
protection went out, and the doors were
closed against it,--we hope aud believe
forever.
EDGEF1IELD C. Ui.
WEDNtwsDAY, DECEMBER 16, 18.16
Elections 5 th' Legislafre,-#pon the 8ths
ibet., the Hon. David Jo'hnson, was elected
Governor, and the Hon. Win. Cain, Lieut.
Governor of this State.
Gen. Jas 3. Caldwell of the Middle Circuit,
was upon the 9th inst., elected Chancellor of1
this State, in the place of the lion. David J-ohn
son, elected Govertnor.
On the 11th. T. J. Withers. was elected
Law Judge, in the place or the Hon. A- P.
Butler, elee~ted OY. 8. Senuator.
Simteob Fair was elected Solit~itor of the
Middle Curcutit, in p'lace of Gen. 3. J. Cald
-- EisD. Earle, was elected Superintendent
di Public W ork.
Thec Presidesn:'s Messag.-Owing to the'
unusual press of matter. we canrau' putuiith the
Message of the Presideint in to-day's paper.
We ay. however, give same extracts in-otnr
tiext
It afforda ts tmuch pleasure to commend -it,*
nlot only for itss:yte of coinlposition, bitt also
1,r its nigh tone of~ paitriotimn, and-its'devotitr~
to the general weal ot' the Uunion.
67 By a siip front the oflite of the A bleville
- Bauuer, wefind that n corps of-about 106 nien,
-huave. been organized in- that- District, and re
eivtedias opne of'the companies of the Pulmet
to-Regiment.- Their officers are, J. F. Miari
shall, Captain; J. 'B. Moragno, 1st Lieutenant;
F.W.'8elleck, 2d Lietutenatnt, and A. A. Ro
*liege. Lieutenant by Brevet.
* Municipal Elcdox.-The election in Sevan
abh. vponthe 7th inst.. for Mayor and Alder.
-t-n, veni.teil in the anecean of-the.Whig ticketi
TuB -SAUDA ,REGMENT
We are indebted to a gentleman of our vi
lage for 'the followingaaccount of the proced
ings on Saturday last, at the parade of this
Regiment.
"The-Saluda Regiment of this District, as
sembled at RichardhonRs on Saturday the 12th
inst. The requisition of Secretary Marcy
was read to the Regiment, and after short Ad.
dresses from Geni. Bonham, Col. Bouknight,
and Col. Christie, a call tor. Volunteers was
made. It will be gratifying to every citizen of
the District, and especially, the "Old 96 Boy.,"
to learn that, although the Saluda Regiment.
owing to unavoidable circum.itances was not
assembled in time for its voluiteeHi to attach
themselves to that gallant corps, 53 spirited
and patriotic citizens enrolled their names as
Volunteers for the H ar-the whole war with
Mexico. We regret that we canunot furnish
an accurate list of their names.
The Palmetto Regiment we hear has now
completed its number of Companies. These
Vo!unteers, therefore, ivIll. probably not be
needed. But, should the occasion have re
quired it, they intended assembling at an early
day, to complete their numbers and tender
their services to the Executive.
The members of th'e Company, in honor of
the gallant officer who commands the Palmet
to Regiment, and who is a native of the Silu
da Regiment, designed taking the name of the
"Butler Guards."
Bank of the !State of South Carolina -The
following nominations, we underst'and, have
been made by the Joint Committee of the Le.
'gislature fur Directors of the Bank of the State.
viz: D. C. Webb, R. Caldwell, W. A. Clark
son, G.N. Reynolds, W. M. Lawton, W. C.
Dukes, W. B Pringle, J. H. Steinmeyer, E.
Carson, R. Dulin,.F. B. Shackelford, P. M
.Cohen.
From a Correspygdent.
COLUtBrA 10 Deer. 1S40.
The venerable David Johnson, Govern
or elect, was inaugurated to-day at 12
o'clock, in the-presen'ee of both (louses,
and an immense concourse of spectators
his address was short, but very ,rohpri
ate, lie commented by speaking Of the
pardoning power, and I think there will
be but little fear of any abuse of it duting
his administration. The Governor was
manifestly afi'ected, by the distinguished
compliment paid him'in his election. Gen.
J. J. Caldwell has been elected Chancel
lor. 'I hos, J. Wethere, has been elected
Law Judge.
The proposition to consolidate the ofli
ces of Comm'iisioner in Equity and Ordi
unary, by transferring the business, papers
and powers of the Ordinary, to the Com
missioner, iai the subject of debate yes
terday in the Senate, ihe tneasure was
proposoa end advocated by Mr. Rhett,
and opposed by Mr. Witherspoon, and
your Serator Mr. Griiln,-aud at the close
of the remarks..f thtaeLgeiZeman -
acted by a farge majority. To day in i
the Senate, the Bill to amend the charter I
of the Greenville and Columbia Rail
Road was under discussion. The Bill
came from the committee on Internal Im- t
provements, with a clause that the State
should subscribe two fif:hsof thec stock;
provided, it shoufti he done ont of money
arising from the sale, at par, of' the stack
f the State, in the South Carolina R ail
Road Company ; upon0 this clause there
was an interesting debate. Messrs. Dar
it and Griffin avowed themselves as op
posed to the State becoming a stockholderi
n any joint J'tock company as a general
riciple, but insisted, thamt if the, policy
hould be - adqpted of transferring the
tock, tow owned by the State, in thlei
resent Rail Road, to aid in other like en-1
erprises, then all the new projects should
e admitited to pa-iC'pate equally in the
tock ; atnd after a long debate the clause
was stricken out. Mr. Perrin has intro
uced into the Senate a Bill to define thme
erms on which the State will aid in the
onstruction of Rail Roads; it proposes
hat the State will subscribe 2 Sths of' the
toek in any company, where the Legisla
tre, al'er estimnates of the cost, and evi
ece of the practicahility of the road,
hll approve of the project ; it was refer
ed to a special committee. No measure
f this sort can be adopted, which pledges
the State to subscribe ant .of any other
uods than her stock in the preseut Rail
Road,which stock was taken originally,
with her part of the surplus revenue re
eived fro~m the general government. The
Bank receives some hard licks occasional
y front Mr. Felder, and there is an increas
ng purpose to investigate tmuch more
toroughly the condition of this institution.
t will becomhe one of the gravest ques
ions of tiie day. whether the~ chaiier of
his Bank shall be renewed in 1856, when
it expires. Mr. Memiminger has introduc
d resolutions. from thie committee of
W ays and Means of the House, to reduice
the capital of the Bank, to the original
sum of one million twelve hundred thou'
sahd dollars, and apply the other funds,
which the Bank has adopted as capital, to
pay the pubie debt, this measure .looks'
o'viously to the wiuding-up of the'Bank.
-There were five vacancies in the Board
of' Directors' of the-Bank, and'1 helieve
there are abouit forty candidater-for them,
and the scramble for the sat of Director
here, has not atalil, been calculated-toim
part' any additional confidence in the
Bnk. The whole p~hity is wrong, and
the State ought to separate itself' from
Banking operations, as soon as' she can'
' FRoM oUR CORRtESroNDZIvi "'-:
COLuarMA Der 1 146.
During the -preian't siion/ 1tLe
tislature, Columbia has presented Ymany
>bjects of considerable interest. Thu man
)f business, the Belles Lettres scholar, the
Po'itician, and the seeker after lgsure,
have all found much to arrest their atten
Lion. Every day, the streets hale been
thronged with carriages of everf'desetip
Lion, from the huge omnibus w itb'iis dash
ing team of spirited horses, dwu id the
humble one horse cart. Beautiful carriages
with beautiful ladies in them, maet any
time, be seen in the streets. Many at these
fair promenaders, with their gallant-hearts
in attendance, are daily
"Tripping on the light fantastiutOe,"
in the thoroughfares of this haundsome
town, numbers of them resort to the State
House, and very seriously interfere with
the business of legislation. Such is the
magic power of their charms, that the
grave legislators are diverted from :he ve
ry important business of law making. and
pay their court to these lovely sireps. 'A
few evenings since, I was presentit a lec
lure delivered by an Artist, whose name
was Jackson, in the Carolina Hall. His
lecture was on the subject of Monochro
matic Painting, an Art, new in tbi coni
muhity. and in the country generally. Al.
terhe had concluded his lectu,btipainted
on a white pasteboard, prepared fci- th'
purpose, a picture in a Monochroratiic
style-this is of prie color. Ile sed black
crayon and. sometimes an ordinary lead
pencil. He laid on an unifort coat of
black, and then with a knife, scrateheid odtt
a sullicient portion of the 'olors, In order
to bring out the object or objects hich he
designed to represent. He occnionally
employed India Rubber, for the smei pur
pose. By this simple process, he made
appear on the board, the picture which he
wished. In about ball an hour, be. paint
ed in this mantier, a beautiful landscape.
First, he brought to the view of the spec
tator, some light clouds io the-distant sky.
Then.he represented some towerinI mnoun
tains, majestic trees covered withfoilage,
ba which might plainly be seen .he reflec.
lion of light, and a forest on the -hill side.
)n which was seen fallen trunks'ib'state
f decay. Here also were regiesented
jfrubbery and rocks to fill up the picture.
Fle staed, that if the time had Hlt*allow
;d him, he would have made ti,. 'tdre
nore perfect. I visited hi. ctlo di
here saw many 'painting.t ex ead by
aimself arid his pupils, in a lieauliIl man
ter. . I have seen. specimens of ihie same.
bid of painting by another artis of the.
tame of Albaright, and by some:hf his pu
ils, which arbreally extrdordii ie
>ctoure,:pf t.va
pt . Nhi-e several times
een in the studio of another airtist by the
cane of Brown, who is immutable in tak
ng profiles. It is only necessary, for him
o look at a person for a few seconds, and
hen he can cut out his profile on. paper,
mnd giv6 a most striking likeness. These
>rofiles a'r4 perfectry t lack. Many of them
shich represerit distinguished mena in va
i'us giarts tof the uaniona, arc haung in frames
ro'and tho walls of his room. lit thte
>ck grotunddof these pictures, the artist
brows int senery of a chadracter, which
tds mouch to their b'eauty; He has ta.
cent profiles of mhary members of the lie
;iature ead other persons'. firi. Brown
s a native of this Sitate, and has pacti'eed
is art for mnaty years. Among the'#a
'ius objects of interest .t o be f autnd a t the
>resent time, i'n .htis place, I ,knowv tnone
noro go to the fovers of' the fine arts, thatn
hte sitndio of Mr. Clari? Mi Is, also' a na
ive of the Sin te. .fhere, riray b'e sen
>usts itt P'Iaster of Pais,. of' a- urmber of
he most illuuirious' personagd' of South
Carolina, Calhoun, McDuhii, H'arper,
Preston andl otlaerti aie recogniied' at a
~lance. In the room. may also he' seen
'ther bausts. TIhere is a beautiful otte of
he infanit Samuel, of old ,Testamnent ce
ebrity. Of Lacon, of Bacchns and of
In a back room mn-y be~ seed'. a full
ength copy in Plas'.er of Paris, of,the
"Statue that enchants the world."
The most beautifual and classicof all the
~reationas of the Scnlptor, thte Venus De
Medicis. This statue is without drapery,
ut so modest in the attitude of the god
less, such innocent beaut y speaks in her
'al, and so graceful and hartmnious are
he proport ions of her lim'bs, that all emo
ion of indelicacv in the minad of the be
aolder,-are dispelled as he looks upon it.
EIeconsidlers it simply as' a work of art of
he mbst finished character, and his admni
-aion is intense. This- cast is Jsaid to be
nost f'aithfully executed, and it certainly
efleefs high honor upon Mr. Mills, who
las so true a conception of ideal beaqty.
On Sunday. the sixth instant, ihe Rev.
Wr. Thornweli, tbo College Chaaplain,
>recehed in the Chapel, a valedictory sor
non to the gra'hatng class. His sermon,
is usual, was cha'raeierizetd lay close and
ogical urgument,'attd great clearness and
yrecision. His address to the class, par.
icularly, was' ruite im'pressi've. A large
udietnce attended on the oedasion. On
he Sunday previous, I heard htim deliver a
ermon, which was at once, most.powerfuil
n reasoninag, and'strikingly eloquent aud
map'essi'e. Mr. Thoarnwell las remark
ble command'of lenguage, uhicb is very
sautiful and classical, and his manner is
istinguished for its earnestness and solem
~iy.- ire is' c'riainly,, ttie fist of pulpit
>ratorsain Sbtith Carolina.
Monday the 7th, was an'imjioriant' d'ay
n the College. It was the anattal season
>f comimencemerit. A procession was
irmed at ten o'clock, infront oh the State
Rouse, under tlie direction of Adjutant and
[nspector Geceral Cantey, and moved to
he College Chapel ina the followitng order.
he Cadets of the Military A'eademy, the
Trustees of te College arraigned accor d
me..adustes.the citizens generally, o&n
cars aid students:of ulbe-TheologicalSem
inary, the Rev'erend Clergy, officers of
the State, civil and military, the House
of Representatives, with the Speaker. at
tended by its officers, the Senate with its
President, attended by its officers, the
Committee appointed by the House, the
Committee appointed by the Senate, the
Professors of the Institution, the Superin
tendants and other officers of the Military
Academies, the Trustees df the College,
and Board of Visitors of the Military Ac
ademies, the Governdr and Suite, and
Lieutenant Governor of the State, and the
President of the College. When the pro
cession arrived at the College, it entered
the Chapel in inverted order. It was ac
companied by a fine band of music. Ac
cording to the prescribed order of exer
cises, prayer was first made by Profes.tor
Thornwell. and ihen Mr. E. L. Patton,
on whom the first honor had seen confer
red. delive-ed the Saluatory Address, in
Latin. He then made an English speech,
the subject of which was, "Civilizaliun not
unfanordble to Poetry." He was succeeded
by other young gentlemen wiho had recei
ved appointments. The, speeches werc
generally creditable to their authors, but
the palm wa's borne away by Mr. R. I.
Reid, to whom the fourth distinction hind
been awarded.. His subject was " The
Fortidde of Genius," He treated the
subject in a masterly manner, and the
entire speech was marked by a. lofty and
burning eloquence. The views of the
young orator were sirigularly just and fe
licitously expressed. The degree of M.
A. was'then conferred on ten gent ileren.
Afterwards the degree df 8. A. was con
ferred on thirty-due Students, the numher
Of the graduates. A highly beautiful and
impressive address was then made by the
President of the College, the honorable
Wm.C. Preston, to the Graduates. The
exercises of the day were concluded by Mr.
A. A. Morse, on whom the second honor
had been conferred. He tn:vie a speech,
the subject of which was "Thoughts on
Expediency," tngetler with the Valedic
tory Addresses. The whole numi'er of
appointments niounted to eleven. A
brilliant assenblage of ladies graced the
Chapel on the occasion'. The house was
so crowded, that tiany gentlemen could
not procure seats, and went away. A:
night, the grand Commencement Jtfall
came off with considerable eclat. I ani
iafurmed, on the highest authoritf, tliat a
more beautiful collection of ladies was
never seen in South Carolina.
Several Volunteer Companies from dir.
ferent Districts, have reported themselves
as ready for service in the Mexican War.
Oa Tuesday, the Chester Volunteers, coom
manded by Captain Donavant, arrived in
this Town. They were me, by the Rich.
land Rifle Corps, the Governors Guard,
and the College Cadets, who escorted
them in front of the State House, and from
(hence, they marched to their camp, not
far distant from the camp of the Richland
Voluriteers. This corps from Chester, is
comptied of fine looking men, generally,
yout hful in their appearance. nuttmbering
upwards of one htodred. M-ijor Eaves.
the Setiator from Chester, bore their 11 ig,
on which was- iiscrihed the full.nin
ar camp ground,
C.esptain Dunavant returned his thanks to
Major Gladlen, for the honor conferred on
his corps. by the Columbia Cornp'tnies,
who escorted than, Major Gladden res
ponded, and then Lieut. Colonel 'ickin
son, a vol.:ntecr fotr-: he ivatr, aiddressedl tihe
Chester Comp~anty. His add're-ss was
highly impressive and appropriate. M.i
jor iNaves. the hearer of the flag, replied
int the name of his cottpany. lie w'as full
of1 fire and enthusiasm, and was cheered
most hteartily. This gentletman possesses
considerable wveahth, and occupies a high
position in his District. Though upwards
of fifty, hie exhtibits all the impettnosiry of
yout b in the cause of his count.ry.
On Wedt.esday, the 'i-h, I witnessed the
presenttion Iof a sword by the Cup'ain of
the College Cadects, to the Captain of the
Chester Volunteers. The College Cadlets
tiached to the camp grotund of the Vol
unteers, atnd escorted them to the Camp~us.
and- bIlr companies halted in front of thte
[ibrary b-uildings. They formed directly
facing' ea'cW other-then Catpmain Lips
comb' of th'e Cadets, advanced and imade
an appropiiatl address. A fter whlich, he
presented,in the taie of the Cadets, a
beautiful sword', with a silver scabbard, to
Captaii'Donovant of the Chester Volun
teers. The lattet' responded, itn a highly
spirited manttner', n'nd' aanifested much
emotton, oh account of the handsome como
pitnent which h'ad b'een pouid hinm, by the
Cadets; of whom he was a' former Cap
ain. Dr. Toland, of this'plade,'also; pre
sen eda pair of silver epaulects to' Capt.
Donovant.- After thbe ceremonies' were
concluded,-th's two cotnpnnies took'th'eir
leave of each- other, aud the Chester Vol
unteers returnedl to-thteir camp.
Jo the Legislature, on- the 9th, after
several ballottinge. Gen. J. J. Caldwell
was elected'Chancellor int Equity, to sup
ply the place of the Hon. D~avid Johnson,
resigned. Ont the 11ith. Thomas J. Weth
ers was elected Judge in the Court of
Law. tb supply the place of the Hlol. k.
P. Butler, resigned,'
On the evening of the 9th, the Board of
Trustees of the S. C. College assembled,
and after transacting some business, pro.
eeded to the election of a Pirofesso'r of.
Mathematics and'Mechanidal Philosophy,
to fill the place of TLhornas S. T wiss, re
signed. Majbr M. ,J. Williams, Prin<.ipal
of the Cokesbury A'eademy, was elected.
His qualifications are said to be-of a-h'gh
order.
On Thurs~fay thme lollh, I was present at
the inanguration of the Hoan. Detvid S.
Johnson, as Governorof Southt Carolina.
His address wvas marked by that strong
good sense, which' has ever characterized
him. After hehbad concluided' the oath of
office was adlmintistered to htim, liy thea
Speaker of the lhouse, the Hion. WVm. F.
Coloock, in the 1Representative chamber.
The Gover'nor, the members of both Hou
ses, and the Judges of both Courts then
repaired to the Senate chamber, where the
President, the- Hon. Angus Patterson, de
livered him his commission. All thetn
repaired to the eastern portico of thte State
House. i'here the Sheriff of Richland Dis
tricimade proclamation of the election..
'he Granr ,w':s then cneunted' b
theiSberiff and others, to - the Exectqtive.
rooti. The Hon. Wgt. A. Caine was
elected. Lleuteoant.Governor.
In the Legislature, several bills- have
been rejected; and a few have passed the
first reading in Ilia Senate. The bill giv.
ing the election of Presidential Electors
to the people, after undergoing full dis
cdsionti' were pdotponed indefinitely. The
House has taken up the subject. A bill
blendlng the offices of Commissioners in
Equity. Mlaster in 'Equity and Ordinary.
After considerable debate in the Senate,
in which Mr. Griffin, of our District, took
apiart, was jrejected. Some debate took
place in the House, on the 11th,on.the
system of Free Schools. The House
agreed to appoint a committee of five to
collect facts, and report at the next session.
On the 1 ith Elias D. Earle -vas elected
Superintendant of Public Works.
The South Carolina Regiment of Vol
unteers is now complete, and will be ready
for active service in a short time. The
Richland Volunteer Company paraded in
full uniform to-dav.
I heard in the louse, to day, an able
discussion upon the Judiciary Bill. Mr.
Hunt, of Charleston, strongly advocated
it, and other gentleien took part against
it. The debate is adjourned until Mon
day next.
From the South Carolinian.
GOVERNOR JOSNSON'S INAU
GURATION.
On Thursday last, His Excellencj
DAVID JoHNsoY. Governor elect of this
State. was inaugurated with the usual
ceremonies appropriate to the occasion.
The floor and galleries of the House of
itepresentatives were crowded with spec
tators, comprisng not only the beauty and
fashion of Colunmbid, but many of the most
disiidgithd of oui- fellow-citiiens, from
other portions of the State. Considerable
delay occurred in the ceremonies, from
the fact that the Jud-ges, who honored
their late associate with their presence,
had mis;aken the hour of the Inaugura
tion.
The daugural. which we take pleasdre
in liying before our rea'ers, will be read
with the profoundest attention; comimg as
it does from a mind on such long experience
an'l mitiured wisdom. While its style, is
one ofdlegant simplicity, its mitter promf
ises that the a luniuistration of Governor
Johnson will be devote I to improving our
system of civil add! criminal jtdrisprudernce;
to adlvancing the cause of education ; and
in every way leding our p'ople to those
enterprises orindustry,wh'ch m nydevel pe
the htherto un:tw eked energies of the
State:'
Gentleni-n of the .Seane.
a-d H'ou;e of Representatires;
(laving been called by your suffrades to
the office of C::ief Migistres'e ofthe State.
1 come b'fore you to talbi the oath requi
re'l by the crnstitution.
Amongst the moat importint an'l deli
cate ot the powers antd duties c.nfdel to
the Elee-a'ive are this- foun I is the pro.
vision, of the constituti im wuich require
him to "cainse the law; to be a'lnitistered
in mercy," and ctfer uohn him the
"power to grant reprieve; a id parduis."
llutmtnity mourns over the ne-essity of
inflicting corp->ral pnishmnent o'n a human
creature, evenrf erim; Ibutatil experi
ence hius sttown that immunity from pu.
ishment lets lo-se the vilest p'ssion of the
human heart to scnur;;e mankinl.
The object of criminil punish-neit, is
uno only t.) cort ect the crim:tial bu to hold
him tiup as an example to d.eter others ;
a'iid it is ob~vious4 that the in-liseriminau~te
ise or the pardloning poer wotult abro
gate all our crimin .1 lawsv, an I ;uproot t'ie
very foamndaria-is of social o.rd-:r. It is.
neverthenless. iulipensable t-i the hi man"
aminitstration of crimin-i Ijustic~e. From
its very nisture it is i npossible t a rczulate~
its exercis h y fio.l rules ; yet. I t hiok
that sernethin:: lika a principle m uy b
evolved from the i'ift:ai'e variety of cir*
cm~lstances on whtieb ii acts; its mtore
protectioni of iar oeenCe agaitnst unamerite-]
puni ishmtent.
Cases have occurred, andi may again
ocur, where after circuJmstatc es haive
shewn conchltsively thus the crime of which
the p-urty was convictcd had neve~ byetn
cmnmitted, or ithat it had been d'c'd by
r. other
Titere are namnerous other cases, of daily
occurrence, where the line bietwveen guilt
and~ itnnocence is so narrow as to rendler ii
dificult to distinguished between them;
and equatlly numerous and frequent are
those cases where atn arbitrary and inflex
ible law hit prescribed a punishment,
with to allowanuce fur the degrees of guuilt
involveli in its perpetration Th'us a crimne
commtitted under circumbtances, which
morality itself wvould incline to excuse, ts
punished with the same severity as tha!
committed under the most aggravated
circumstances. Ita these, aind like cases,
the recommendatIon of the Jury and the
advice of the presiding Jidge would fur
tish safe guides in the exercise of this
power ;-and I shall look with confidence
to my brethren of the Law Bench to ad
vise and aid me in the discharge of this
itprtant duty.
There are, besides, a numerous class of
petty critr e and misdemeanors to which,
it effect the pardoning power has been
confded, and is ha bitually exercised by
the Judges,-l meatn those where the
masure of the punishment is confided to
the discretion of the Judge. For myself,
I do not know where it could be more.
safely confided, and it ought nor lightly to
e controlled-but even here..it would be
proper to exercise it, in the few itnstances
in which the punishment might.sfrom
circmstatnces that sdere not foreseen and
could not be anticipated, operate more
severely than dhas expeciedat the time of
the sentence.
In the distribiution of the powers of the
goernment, our constittution has confided
to you-the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives, the most imnportit,-the pow
er of legislation. Iadeed, the Executive
and Judicial are but you agents to carry
into effect your constitutional enactments;
and it is fit that it should be so.- The
whole superstt uclure of our government ts
based on t he-princible. that t he~true source
of all'political power is in the people; and
coming immnediately from amongst them,
clothed with authority to express their
will, your voice will be heard and obeyed
in tin raittcn corners of the Stare. i-low
t
.aublimue. the- power !- ow r*aMtdi
risponsibility !-Yet, in the. wide. gangs'
of.rwholsome anti necessary legislauon,.ihbe
patriot statesman will find a field jroalo4
enough. in which to labor withodt.:.ther,
hazard of going astray.
In the continually varying habits, wants
and pursuits of men, changin old d -'
making deiv lavs 'ecdnefromr 1 ' 6' '
time indispensably necessar.y; but in'tie"
exercise of this power, it ought constatiily"
to be kept in mind that it is "betterto .
bear the ills we have, than-to fly tootbers.
that we know nolo,"-and that no change .
of the existing law ought to be. made,' un
less there is a moral ceytaint that the'
proposed new law Nvill'ojibra'ia|re bene
ficially.
The prompt and faithful: adminisjsa
of justice, the means of acquiring and dis-.
seminating knowledge, and facilitating b.h..
transportation of the products /of oui: oil
to a market, ard subjects of vi'al iniir:.
ta.ice to the State at large, and deserve
your constant Arid seious attention; and.
at a rature day, I prdpose to sutranii y
consideration, somepuggesgions:4 -
subjects.
Out of the relations ivhiel e sia
tween the several States and the Genora
Government, collisions of opinion have
occasionally arisen. which hate from-time
to time threatetied the disruption' of Athe
Union. For the present these 'are'-ktlnW
great measure happily +:ietid,' andihb
iudicatious at this time encourage thi
that at no distant day we shall he perint
ted to share equally in tlhe benefits, ps well
as the burtbeng of the Government.,. he
various and conflicting interests-df.>the
several States are well calculated:'to.fe.
merit these discords and they fay:i
will probably recur agaid. On such'ad
casions our true course is to sustain"{he
Pederal Gover.ment in the legtieg
eiercise of all powers delegatd tat b7.
the Constitution, and resist by alle onatr..
tutional means th'e usurpation. of thiose,
which have-beern raderved to the States.
The sword being the -i.st resort.
The only circum'nsande which. disturbs
our amicable relati'is with all the' r'ld.
is the c!odd which hovers over onr S#9th
western border' War iu its mildet forte
s amongst the greatest scourges of man
kind. Is it never td eoil I In the ile
ments of fire and wtttr, and elecfdieitf,
science has detected agen's which in erfti
roll up the wide extetdi 'f the earth ,ito a
scroll almost withid the compass of the
visual organs-and what tmay we not
,expect from it! The sublime norality of
the Christian Religion will commend it to
every nation, kindred d 6 tongue and
these agents are calculated to conveyl:
with the rapidity of lightning to the remp
test botnnlaries of the earth-Cand nisy we
not with holy reverence trdi that these
are the meansordained by Almighty wis
domn to gather together all the nations of
the earth asone fam'ily,. to dwell together
in peace and haimony, atd silence for
ever the alarms of War.
But the War with Mexico is no fietin.
The blood ofrir fellow citi-lons, shed on
the fields of Pule Alt. I esaca de Ia Pal.
ma, and M anterey,' tells the sad reality.
Let us not s'op to inquire why this i,
but brinr to the contfirct all' our enprgies,
Il it the war n iay have'a sjyeedy tiraiina
tion. That 'outri.Caruliao Iill do'der :
duty is heard in the ndaIe of pieparalie t"
now snurdini thrinag'hout the state. lir
sons are rallyimg around the standard of
our comnmin country. that they will in the
ti':ld sustain her honor and patriotism, and
the America,, arms will triumph no one
quest iof i.
Coniri u.q of any own' tunwo'rlhinesq, I
an overwh lebnedl'with the honitor youa have
doane me, in elev:mintg mue to the highest,
orie of th'e S:ar e ; an I feel 'that it is
oilfered rathecr as'n token of your kind
'estimate of my, past services" thatn ot,
;,ccounlt of~ my fituesa foar its duties. Hivy
ing served the State in the otlice ofSolic...
tar of one of the Circuaits, anrl in tite
varialas dnpirtmnents of the Judiciary fur
the Iast thiry five years. thbis testimoniaf
of' your applrobation1 and abiding odnfi
dence and regnad. is worth tmore to me
than all earthly re wards. I shall treasure
it whiilst tne nory lasw, an I Is ave it as at
precious iatheritancc to tmy childrent. ~All
that I claim' for mryself is, that the chtieft
amb.Iilion of my life his beean to deserve i.,.
tand with your suappaort and the blessing of'
Ahnig 1ty Go~d, I trust that the State will
suller anthinag at may hands in the short.
course which is before me.
India Rubber a Cure jar Toothdhe.
A small piece of India Ruhher is tied by
a,,thtread and lit at ai candle, and when
melted the flame is llwn out, and it is
pressedi while yet warm into the hollow
toothf, whlereuspon the p~ainI disappears im
mediately. ltisi best to dry the caviiybof
tooth with a piece of cotton beforehand, as
the India Rutaber is then firmly applied,
and the air is entirely excluded from the
nerves of the tooth. Dr. Rilfs has also
used it frequently fair the last year, and in
every case with immediate success. It
aloes ntot, to be sure, alway s prevent the
return of the pain, but can easily be re
peated. It can always lhe used for plug
gtng teeth. H-e has never seen any had
result from it.--Southern Journal of Med
icine and Phlarmacy.
-MAR RiED.
On Tdiesday thte 1st December, by A. L,
Nicholson, Esaqr., Mr. CuLtLsN O'NKaLL, to
Mrs. RaScLA FBROUSoni. both or Edgefield
District.
No tice.
A LL persons haviaag deamands againsCktbee
estate of Edmund B. J. Miller, dieceased,
are regnested toi present them legallf attested,
and those indected are requested to make im.j
mediate payment.
JAMES MILLER, Ada'r.
decembr - -- t
.iotice.
I WILL aell at the late residence of Preston.
S. Brooks, ott Tuesday the 22d inst., from
7' to 800 bushels Corn,
A L OT Of' C.OTTON,.
Fodder. 4 excellent Mtules. 2 Horses, 2 good
Wagons and Gear. Plantation Too@,,Kitcheni
Furniture, a superior second hand Piano.
Clock, Sate, and sundry other articles.
For all sums abiove 510; on aredit of'oili
year, under for cash. - - -
I will also hire out for~thae next year, in th
sanme day, 8 or 10 Negroes, it not previously
disposed of at private laire.
WIIITFIELDYBROOKS.,
december 16 1:. . 7