Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, September 09, 1846, Image 1
We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of our Liber Te, andif it mut fall, we wi Pcrish amidst the Ruins."
VOLU E XI. _Ue a u% NO. 3.
PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY,
BY WM.F. DUE1V.-OE,
EDITOR & PROPRIETOR.
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--- _____T__Y
PO ETRY.
G. 1). Prentiss, editor of the Louisville
Jjurnal, has been forsome weeks at Biloxi.
seeking the restoration if his health. The
last Journal contains the following beauti
ful piece of poetry from his pen: "
TO AN ABSENT WIF'E.
'Tis morn-the sea breeze seems to bring
Jov. heal'h, and freshness on its wing- .
Bright flowers, to me all strange and new,
Are glittering in the estrly dew
And perfumes from every grove
As incense to the clouds that move
Like spirits o'er yon welkin clear
But I am sad-thou art nit here.
'Tis noon-a calm unbroken sleep ~
Is on the blue waves of the deep
A soli haze like a fairy dream
Is floating over wood and stream
And many a broad magnolia flower.
Within its sh idowy woodland bower.
Is gleaming hke a lovely star
But I am sad--thou art afar.
'ris eve--i1 eartih the sunset skies
Are painting their owit Eden dves
Tlhg stars comle down and tremling glow
Like blossoms in the wvavis below
Aw'l, like some unseen sprite,- the hrecze
., eecIsera o nid Lheseuratga! trees=
'Ti.; tnidnight-with a soothing spell .
The far rtnes of the ocean swell
Soli as a mother's endnee mild
Low hending o'er her sleeping child
And on each wandering breeze are heard
-'Vne rich notes of the msckiag bith
lit mla;' ;t wild -nd wondrous lay
But I am sad-thou art away.
I sink in dreants-low. swert, and clear,
Thy own dear voice i" .i my e:ar
Around lily cheek tny tresses twine
Thy own loved hand is clasped iul mine.
Thy on t sift lip to tine-is presed
Thy head is pillon ed on tity breast
Oh'! I have all my hear, holdi dear
And I amin happy-thtn art here.
Biloxi, May :31. l16.
.................s.
POPULAR ERRORS.
To think; that an editor. hecause he is an
ed tor. is every body's body.
l'o think that a woman. because hv :s
a w latih is an angel.
To think that. pciticians because they
babble, are ill smart.
To think that rich ground wi!i produce a
good crop.
Trottink that all is goldihut glitter3.
Tlo think that printer's hills ought toi be
-paid. if paidh at dl in the meanesteurrecy13,
Sbecauise they are printer's bills,
* To think that your chtild-rn are faultless,
becauise they are y our ownt children.
TFo think that apologies make the floor
look elean, or raw victuals digest better.
To think that ani etertnal grin is a sigit of
gotod hunior.
To think that chteatintt a man in horse
swapping, by hard lying, is better titan
stealing..
TJo think that dancing, rouging, or bust
ing, is an itmprovenment upont nasture.
To think that lines made to jingle at the
cetd, are poetry.
To think that all hinits int newspapers are
intenided "'for nobody in particular."'
Disadvantages of a Homely Wife.-Yot
can' get along in the world with a homely
.n ife.
She'll spent1 half her time in looking in
the glass. atnd tutmn ind twist, and btrusha
and fix, till she gets completely vex'd wnsh
her ont n uglintess, and then she'll go right
- off and spank the baby.
She'll never be pleased with herself, and
thams the reason why she'll healways fret
tinig or scnlditng at sotuebody or ot~her.
She'll ho quarrelling with ail the pretty
Sgirls ini the neighborhood.
And then site muset have, so many finger
rings. onr-jtewels. fiquIcces anid ostrich
:.feather--.o - mtuch .all-fired expen~sive,
flatring linery, to make her look anty way
nice at all, that no reasonable man can
*stand it. .-.
The glaring7 colors and' flashy dress
patterns recetly brought into market, were
gotteO up especially for t he benefit of ug13
women. to.dra w..h'e:aittention of men tiron
their faces to their.pocks.-WVe tnever set
otne of those gaudy. dresses io the. street'
without involunsdrily shudderitag antd fee
an uncont:-ohlahfe.apr-Oeinsion of meetinf
* - &-Shksneari'sh~riyeled dire ws" e
a "made up" figure, ornamented with ot
glass eye. a stray tooth.' and a tongut
hung on a pivot to illustrate perpetua
motion. Never marry an ugly wife unilest
you are a universal genius, or have a large
capital. for if you hav'nt got the 'pewter
you will have to he painter. jewceller, calico.
printer and jurbelow maker general, a l get
little but squalls and scratches for your
pains-in other words, as Sam'l. Veiler
says, you will be in a perfect cat cgory
Punch.
The Press.-Douglass Jerrold say, the
power of the press is as boundless as that
ofsociety. It reaches the thrtue-it is
enclosed in the cottage. It cnn pull down
injustice, however lofty and raise up low
liness, however deep. It castiate critme.
which the law can only punish without
suppressing them. Wherever tan eye can
sfe or a hand can write, there is the press.
Persons in tribulation will rely on it for
redress. and they feel sure that the wrong
ns ill not go unpunished if it he knos n to the
journals.-Like light, it penetrates into
every nook and cranny of society, and
carries help and healing on its beams. It
rips rising abuses in the bd. It stops the
tide of tyranny ,when setting in full flood.
It derives its vast power from the princi
pIes of.its being. Seeking out truth and
reprecenhing reason, it ctoncentrates onl one
point the wh'le moral power of society, and
it persuades and gov.rns without viole-nce.
by the tmere knowledge that the physical
power of society is always ready to vin
dicate the right. ks it con-s ito opera
tion, the course afsociety b--otns uniform
and equal, and its ends are ouain. i istth
out those cnlyvnkions and rebellions by
which a rude, unlettered people make their
w% ill kuowr.
Punch says, if a body be acted upon by
two equal and opposite forces, it will re
main at rest. If then any boady is being
sued for a debt on one side lie has ontly to
;et himself sued for debs en all sides of
equaml amount, in order to set hime..olf at
rest.-At all events he wi!l s':oo: find haiself
sctled.
Fron (Udiman's Literary Emporium.
FE alM l EDUCATION.
. Y satAi n K. P FA t.Es
Ciflktren should 'never he permitted to
Ias f ro riate. :Iggrgr t r.y-iudtredyet
o etson exclusive use, and they .hould
lie ina-ginced to'share it %ithi, thots who
are least able to obtain similari eratifica
lion. atd frotm whm they enn expecl
ueithlr remuner:ation ntr reward. A few
seh practical lessons of knd!y lfeeling at
an early ;te would he more ilTeetive, bai
all thie honilies upont heitv.ai ence that
ever fell upon the htttann ear
I will illustrate meay opiniaon of tie man
ner in which children tay be itstructe-d
in the rare virtue of trite ebaiity. by an
adtirahl- incident which nccurred nit hin
my own aibservation. Goad has dnuouced
b:in who afl-r- "a snerillc tibut is lance,
halt," or wo thless to the donor.
It i as the custom of an itat racrtess prae
ically to reach her pupils to asaciate the
feli ng of privilegc ail pleasure With
ltf-den ing kindness. She had a box in
her, crhaul with a f-sure just lare en.agh
to rihitt a paiee.a of ntty. She repro-.
sem!e'd to her charge the numerous class
of beings wiho were dcs:itutc. nat'inl: of
thteir aboundiag luxuriens, lt also tf the
cnmforts aid aerassarien, even of life. S he
taacht them that they wert" as reiponsitale
toi.ud for the tantir in which they dis
posed o!f what n as e:.:chisively their to n.
as their parent wire wih rtraid to lheih
pssessious; and as they would he to their
companions lir i horrowed dollar. Slat.
inforumed her tpup1il ait athe box wats tdes
itntvetd to be U repat.,iiory' fur suich moianey
as w as give'na to their awn dlispaosal.antda
which they would vihal irily lay tasidle
utiil Thanksgiving. wvh.-n ~imight pur a
cha-c necessary gat mess fonr t he desti
tue, to defendl themt from thle intch( mency
of wicter. The desired feeling is rntrly
ditieult to bc wakenetd in yout h, nahiutgh~
it Sootn becomes exainet bay entire neCglect.
The biox was not only rep1lenishedi attoo
ally, taut oiften overflowed. As the lon:~
looked .for period a 1proachecd. yountg
bro. hers solitcitted the privilege to cotri
bute ; antd young cornpaiints a-kedl thal
heir ulrerings titight ho e::cepa ed. A htol.
ihay wa- given ott the week precee
ding thec festival. Cast aalf garments wert
b roght-skilful friends assemblled wil
he pupils, to instrucet themt to repmir, or ir
aler, tas might be necessary. ?hie casl
was napprotprihaed to purchlase shaoes tam
stockinags. Otn one dray. eacht week afte
Thankistiviug, awo or three pupils mi sue
cessioni wecre takeit to dlesaitalte hiattilies
whticah atheir owni seareb, or the inaformna
Ititon of others brought to their knaowleadgc
anal they lada the pore and exquisite pleaI
stre to "clothc the n.iked." Match care
however. wvas needed to excludie self-coin
placency frtom the charity.
Onie f tho~pupils, on one orenstion, wa
the daughzer of persons, whtoso greni
wealt b was alh-nmeasure of their haberaclitn
and wvhose prime obiject was the maorail el
evatioin of theirebiladreta. A heart retida
scene of wretchedness w as witnessed. 'T
offeringr was a very partial relief. Th
feeling girl returned home, andl with tear
entreated her another for means to malk
the fa miiy comforta ble. H c: mot her rc
plied, that "she faotnd nuitieronas ohjee
for all her charity, and that her daun~I
itust provide for those from her owni r
sources."iTo the enqtuiry what they were
he judhicious parenit answered-."that,
st werd~ disposed to wear her pelisse ai
other year. she inight bestniv the atnoni
~.d.euatedf re an. as she pleased.
As a necessary consequence ofsuc ioflu
a enre, the permission was joyfully recei
ved, and the destitate supplied. It seems
almost useles to add, that this mother
would not efface a leqstn of grear perma
nent value, by giving the aarment so.
cheerfully relinquished. Che saied that
her self-denyiug daughter, instead of being
mortfied at her pelisso, when compared
with the new one of her younger sister,
seemed always to exult at the supe-ior
worth of herown purchase. The fortune
to which she was heiress was a paltry
possession, when weighed with this intrin
sic gecuerosity' of soul.
.ly heart-felt miterest in the subject of
paternal instruction, and my deep convic
tion that there can be no adequate substi
tute for it, to the mind. character. or hap:
piness oflachild, [ truast macy le my excuse
if I have been thought to be too minute
and tedious. Oh, mothers! miolthers of
immortal heing', whtm you are practi
cally guiding to eternal felicity, or unut
terable and unbending woe! the blight or
blessedness of whose. existence may be
traced to you-oh, say, what care, what
employment, and above all, what amuse
nent, or follies. or wl:a sell' ind.lgence,
shall supersede a' duty whicm is unpoed
alike by God, by conscience, by reason,
and by natural affection ?
Next to domestic influences, as means of
education. I may rank sohoalk. A nd what
shoul.l a t racher he? Douhtless as nearly
what you wish your child to be as you can
obtain. .Vero you solictous that your
son ma:ght be an eminemt lawyer, or phy.
sician, you W-mid not place hime in the.
office of a legal qua--k, or of an empiric.
If you wished uimc to excel int a me chant
cl art, you would appren!i-e hitn to tone
whose skutl in his hatiness. securel confi
.!encte in his instr ttnos. And if you
tiou Sought n ottitg but high breeding and
cotrtly elegance, lie surely would need the
exerample of a finished gentlemnn. The
lowest requisites in a teacher sio: td be,
thcrough kovledge of what lee teaches,
untlenchie moral principle, self-control,
and manners, wbich, II' hey mnight not be
a model for his pupil<, ugt. at least. to
be enairely free whatever is violent, or
vuikar. It is impossible that the attentive
yotha should be directed several hour,
each day to an indiyidelal, i:.hool. con
trtciting good or. evil fr)am hia manners.
evega cAuteb.ifnsfrwer na, tj':reviescr&i=
bel, towifh no higiter-recoimentlations ehan
good netaters. self-government, moral
prtinciple, and acquaitt tace with bratehes
he professes to teach, tu st be t, adtvan
tagee to his pupils ibevond pecuniary equiv
alent. Fir his recompease would be en
tirely physicall-their train, intellectual and
oiaetl. iis. what the veriest dnece and
gre:test knave may oinaeqire, and which
wvill Ipe re-lh irh th- wring''-theirs, what
al tne can comcimand ho'art-fel; respect. ae!
coettlor true eigtitty and honorable itflt
ene--qualities whirh con-tit .:te the stpe
cdite difl 'ereet between ntn ram:l brute.
and also between an'gl aur dent.
'htt oeit.- s of faihful instrector< are to
paflommte the ptrsent tnd litore a'clfrii of
their pupils. But their neans and op
p'''i titer, are vastly inferior to those I'
parett ; anm their seees nu't le directly
Iroep-riioea'td to doomtestie tldvtantages.
As in agrieulture, one soil requires little I
maare thin seed, which will yialel "a betn
It el hdtl." in a briefer period than is re
'quisite' to remcive incoumabratnces, and find
arccess to another Years may le spent
in teaching some to be systematically cr
ployed, ttnd to think. whilst thiste years
bate t gtetaly ndvacel cotatmpleteI the
scientific instruction eef others, who had
oly those Prerequisites. A careless ob
serve-r nay suppseC, that there is no h-i
man t b lehieng poaseneiI of ortinry t,odr
m ciodn. wo' tdoea net theink, tar reflect
But or h ere are envrindls, whoat pa~ss f'rome their
hireit to thetir hier-arrive ralso to tatuterity
tf years. witthout otne .iinal lhought.
Lcw mtirrors thtov naly reflect extertal ob
jaeels. 'Thety are the very eches, the h'ac
miailies of o' heers. hithl in opiniona andee con
elutct. The'y cnt onely. dare etot. beat they
'onoeeee ttioch f'ore thtemse~elves- A tehreat, a
free:t i, seeer. evetn. etan vanquisha them
cant rut-we iem to serviliety. cant freeze thetm
to rreentle'ssess. or ditssolve themt to imbahe
e ihity !
Ag r ic ii i In a' al.
MANAGE&AlEN 1 010 SLAVES.
Thte undatersigned heaving lbecn appoeinted
a commcait tee by the Baorboaur Coucay Ag
4 icultural Soceiety, to report on the beist
means of governinag eour slaves, anti oaf paro
tatating their happinicess, acid ctatsequently
their usefultness tea us ; beg leaive to sub
,tmit the ballowing
ciety as to th mao atral obligation oaf ea
master, to attendi to tha-cotnfoart tatd hap
pintess oef his slaves. Nor do we cunceive
dethat there will be anty diflerenace- of opin
tiota ats tee the obaligationt tof -the master to
paromcote thceamoral anal religiouis churacter
.of his slaves. It is the intterestc as wtell as
atho duty taf mnastcrs to '-tt this. !andeedi,
caour lawis require us to attendc to the coamfore
a' andi happaitaess ofC tour slaves ; and our mis
sioneary e'stablishmencat, witha its ampale sup
e -port by us. showis that we acknoawledge
-the obligaation or us, to prottiote the well
s being~ of tautr slaves. But even motre-ac'
rtotal seetistical rerturtns show that religiotn
-~ asnore prevalema among the slave. of the
,, South than thte free blacks of thes Noarthcen
if States,- and ecniversal opinion cancurs ini
. gavitag hoem a higher mnoral charactor... 11
tI is true thaat in non -slavehauldocg States tot
" blaelis are free in theory- bmut in n-racticr
thig freedom often ieaila to misery and
i aaion, and :tot unfrequently to op
presipu from liis white associate. Whilst
li iave is iu.thcory in. the closest auds
ci'practice te has a friend and protector
ti ~ aster,-who, frotm interest, htman
i akd. religion, is bound to protect him
alfdpIomote his happiness. Thus it will
b pi*rcbived, that whilst in theory the
S3itthern slave is the most abject and de.
' ded; and the Northern laborer and freed
Sthe most free and -happy, yet in prac
ti thescale may be, and in the ',pinion
o iir Committee often is, turned in fa
Ye oftle slave. With the Southern mas
t ever.y motive whic. can 'inluence a
e .et y-constituted .r.ind-iinterest, huj
tny and religion-leads to kindnes to
'vdspur slaves ; anid it is only the bra
cajmoud'unreasonablde portion of mankind
. candot be influenced by these means.
W his class our laws are made and will
copel then to do that for which no corn
pA i tonghi to he required. Of all the
m.v wM hich inflinence the intercourse
be ftt in gen, interest is certainly the
trdheat-this the employer of the hire
li ceks to a great extent to induce him
toI t- kis birelinig kindly. The interest
oea master in connection with the hire
din s to-obtain as much labor from him
a3 hibje at the smallest cost; and when
61 crimes too old or decrepcid from di
easor aver-labor to work, to get rid of
hiine..oon as possible, whilst with thn
owe eof the slave, as ite slave is -hi
pro pCy,-and he is bound for his support
und e Ct1crcumstances, we can readily
con "e how- strongly 'he Motive of-the
ma tz'aking good care of the slave,
ani hueiueitding the time of his useful
nes IuAr co;nicittee, therelbre, feel well
wa in idiling that the -naster who
cuill disregard all those motives ftr the
goQ reatmicemc of his slaves, must be bru
tal' ed, and must be st ouctruse inl his
int - as to act against the plainest
prir jlenf reason. For such cases your
Co . 1i1jee.invoke the' rigid cnforcerment
of-. c .ais, and the expres'ion of a strong
con ircalion by public sentiment Your
Co tree take ploasure in saying, that
ahi gh there are instances in this as o ell
as i ther comiun :ities in which the con
side as referred to, have not been suf
fis o restrain ttasters from cruelty to
tep. &0rttritieratl rue; and they atre
of fpcinun. that there is n gradual insprove
meh oigtn in this mltter. We ree
ottenld, however; that this subject be
kept befre the community. in order to
convince all, that iterest. hunanicy and
religion, alike, demand kindness to slaves,
and that the law frown oit those who t-eat
their slaves inhumanly.
'Tlhere is one clas of our comuin ity to
whom atill the iotives referred to, to in
duce LS to kindness -tj oI:r sla is. d u not
apt ply. Y'or C:icnctttee refer to our
overseer:. As they have n.1 property inl
our Slaves, of course they lack the check
cit self-interes'. As their only aim in
;enoral is ite me:e crop results of the
year, whe can readily conceive the strong
mducetent they have to over-work our
slaves. nod here tmasters are often much to
blame, for inadvertently encouraging this
feeling in their overseers. It is too coi
c:otely the case that masters look only to
the yearly proelucts of their fartms, and
praise or condemn their overseers by this
sitandard alone, without ever once troubling
themselves to inquire in o the tnner in
which Ihings are managel on their pint
tatins, and whether he may have lost
nore in the dircinilhed vilie of his laves
hv over-work Than he has gained by his
large crop. It is a welt establishted fact,
that o-; inork prodces premature old
uge, bodily dclormrity and dehiltcy of con
stituttion,. and chteeks te incerectwe of fe-'
tmaics. . The ma~ster, terefiore. whoe lias to
sucpport his premt arely old. tdefored'ci mt.d
decmlitatedi slaves, may well que'tiont :hec
beceficial results of his large cpe. espn
ciaclly whcen his ontly inicrease oif slaves is|
by piurcases at hii~h prices. Ytor com
mci:cee tcike .ptiea-tnre itt refecrtg to the
tact. thbat those pianieirs whio aru- most; se
cessfutl i0 the acquisicon ofE wealtth atre
generally thoste whlo ''mackie hansne slow,"
antd whos. will noct ''kill cte cgoose-, tn ob'tain
te golden egg." We are therefiire icf
opmttioni, that it' masters would iay less
stress otc the mere crop resulits of thte platn
cationc, and place more stress on te piroper
treatmen~tt ot their slaves, and the sy'ste
matic mantagemen~tt of thecir lantatuitts. it
would correct the evil referred to. Our
overseers icughct tic have no itnterest hce
yonid of pleasinig their emplotiiyers; antd
ucnthting but ihe most inthumanr feelinig on
htis par' could inducce him to treat the
sicaves cruelly, inc oppoisition toc the kuown
wcih of his emltoyer. Let thec ma~ster
recollci. too, thatt hie caccnict relieve im
,elf(fr the odium of ernel tr'eatitent io
hcis slaves. by attemptinig -so throw the odli
umo on his overseer. It is his duty1 to
kncow hoiw his slaives are treated, andi to
proccect themr against -cruelty.
-Fromt the citanchmtent whtich exists lie
twceen mice master atid slit e. yotur cotimmit -
tee are ofcpiniont that an apcpeal to th--ia'
better feelinigs would heo sofiiiint int most
eases to control thtemi. Thcey arc aware,
howvever, that this rule imust have a li-it,
an httelaw of foerce mcist 'havce some
shr ntegovertnent of the negro as
weall ts the whienan. In thtcse cinuttries
where what is called iioluntaryj servitude
existe, the force then is necessity. WVhen
the laborer is dependetL uponi his dacily
income for te support of himself anid ratm
ily.; and when the lin of his wages, as t
often. the case, involves theo starvactionc 0
jis wife and chiilrent, certamtlyip greatet
~oc'e can be 4p'lied to liiw than the threj
of turning him offltoaeek his bread, with
out a character,or probably with a black
ceed one. In the management of our
slaves, tbis cannot be, as the -master is
bou id for their support. The muster must
resort to other means of control. 'After
reason and persuasion have been exhaus
tod without producing the desired effect,
punishment of some sort must be resorted
to. But this should never be carried to a
greater extent than is absolutely necessary
to enforce obedience to necessary-com
mtands. When this mode of discipline is
adopted, your committee do not hesitate to
say, that with prudent management,.pros
perity on the part of the master. and hap
tiness on the part of the slave is the inev
itable con-requeuce. No more beautiful
picture "if human society can be drawn
than a H ellorganized plantation, thus go
verned by the humane principle of reason.
When the negroes are well fed, well cloth
ed. and have not unreasonable burtheos
imposed on them, but are accustomed to
a systetmatic and regular course of labor,
especially if the slaves have been born
and reared up in the master'b household,
or have long been members of his family,
and hence have that strong attachment
'which never fails to grow up between the
master and his slave in the course of lime.
The picture never tails to remind one of
the patriarchal days when Abraham had
sluves born in his house, or purchased with
his money. Under such a state of things
toe master knows the man.; the, man his
master.- The naster feels co-,fident that
the mian is attached to him, and will con
sult his interest. The man feels confident
that the master will only reituire'what is
right of him, and will abundantly provide
for ill his wants as well as that of his fam
ily. When he or his children are sick,
lie knows that he will have his master's
physicitn to minister to them. When he
is naked, lie knows he will be- clothed ;
an.l when he is old, he knows that his
wants will all be supplied to him in his
small cottage; during winter he will he
warmted by his master's fire. and :lothed
from his tnastet's flock; and at all times
lie kno.s that lie will be fed from hii mass
ter's crib and meat house. The titan looks
even beyond death, and knows that when
lie shall have died, lie will be decently buj
riel, and his children after him provided
for. When s '* nt
top suc r a' rstcr, - o~vanxious t to so=~
lcirude of his slavei for his recovery ?
Anif wien at last death overtakes the
good master, the tears, the sobs and the
cries-of his faithful slaves point to him
rlather as their father than their master.
Thie is no find sketch-it is a picture,
the origital of which we have -efth ad
mired-and we venture that no more beau.
iiful. Eiht has ever been viewed in the
ountries of voluntary servitude, however
great the boast of its superiority as a eys
tet of lihdr over slavery. - -Your.com
mittce are aware that there are those who
doubt the probability of a strong attach
ment between the :master and.his slave.
But they are satisfied that this position is
wr.tng, and from their experience they
know that there are numerous cases in the
Southern States where the picture drawn
above is a faithful sketch ofaoctual life.
Vith respect to the best-todeofgovern -
ing our slaves, your committee think they
cannot tiring th subject to the view of the
plante; in i more proper shape, than by
rectmtttending to them the illowing or
similar rules in :the govertnment of their
slaves. Of ecurse, these rules are very
general, and may be extended, probably
with: advanage. But your committee,
teic.r maturo reflection, are of opinion that
tuey embrace all the greater principles
upon which they propose to base the go
vernment of our slaves.
Itule Ist. Never pumish a negro when
ini a pasin No one is capable of prop
erhy tr'gilating the puntishmtent for an of.
fenice whtent atngry.
2. Never require of a negro what is on
rea;snab~le. But when you give an or
der be sure to entforco it with with firm
ness. y et tmihdly..
3. Alwatys attempt to govern by rea
son in the hirst itnstance, and resort to-force
ontly when reason fails, and then use nto
mtor~e force than is absolutely ntecessary to
pirocure obedience.
4. In giving ordcrs, always do it in a
mtid ttno, andl try to leave the impression
Ott the mind of the negro that whtat you
say is the result of reflection
5. Itt givinig orders, be- sure that you
are understood, and let the negro always
know 'hat he canl ask for an explanation
if lie does no understand you.
6. Whent you arc under the .necessity
of punishing a negro, be sure to let him
kntow for what offence he is punished.
7th. Never act in such a wvay as to leave
the imnpressiont on the mind of the negro
that yon take pleasure in his p;unishiment
)our tman .or abould indicate that his pun
ishmtetnt is painful
8 A regular attd systematic platt of op
eration on teplantation isgreatly pro
Imotive of easy governmnent. llave, there
fore. all mas: ters as far as possible, reduced
to a system. -
9. Negroeslhick the motive of self-inter
est to, make them careful and diligent,
henco the.necessity of' great patience it:
the managemet of them. Do net, there
fame, notice too many small omissions o
duty.- .
-10. The maxim of tmaking haste shov~
in plantation operationts, is eqnally aptpli
cab e as itn ordittary vocations of life. Thi
mneanti g of which is, not by attempting tn
do two much, to over work and cease
qisently ioja~re your hands. Recolfect tha
the journey of life is a -long..And at best,!i
edio-U5 one. Thbe travelher who wishe'
to make a long and safe-trip, always trav
els in regular and moderate' stages.. Do
not kill the goose to obtain the goldon
egg.
Let these or similar -ru)ss be generally
adopted, and .carne-d -out by the Southern
planter, and your committee do not besi
:tate to say, that aliho.ugh-it- may not stop
the clamor of wicked men; nho-seek to
make political capital .out of the spirit. of
Aboliiion, yet their clamor will prove as
harmless as the owl's hoot-even the slaves
themselves will not thank them for their
efforts, but Iangh-tihem to sco'rn.
The only- food on which this fanatical
spirit has: heretofore been fed, is ' the in-'
stances- in- which some among us have
failed to carry out. the humane principles
above recommended.: -Many of which in;
stances- have.; been carefully (collected;
properlyembellished to suit the taste of
old women and children, and published
to the world as the legitimate fruits of
slavery. -
All of which, your committee respect,
fully submit. ---
JOAY A. 'CALDOUs,
E. E. Dulioss, Commi'tee,
VIrttL Boso,
June 13, 1846. -
Our Country-Ids Population and Pro
ductions.-We have been much gratified
in perusing the annual Repori'ofthe Com
missioners of Patents for 1845,-which
coin prises about 1300 pages of interesting
and valuable information. ; After' all the
outcry against the pricting of this docu
ment which has fifled.-the newspapers, we
do not conceive that a li'keanmount of mo
ney could ba-eitpended in -any better way
than in thus disseminating knowledge upont
useful and rural afTirs to the people of the
% hole 'country. - We subjoin it synopsis
containing some very interesting informa
tion in relation to the- popylation and agri
cultural productions of 'the country. The
estimated population, at the present tiro;
is nearly twenty millions of souls, (19.602,
500.) The-number of bushels of wheat
raised the last year 'was' 106.540,000;
which is equal to 21,309,600 barrels of
flour, allowing five -bushels per barrel, or
more than a barrel of flour to each iridivi
dual man,- woman and'child in the United
States. The -increased- number of emi
t rrers; an t e new an a ii nZ".' =
nually'placed under cultivation,' together
*ith theheavy 'harvest of thh country,.haj
greatly increased the- wheat crop - of the
present year over that (,f the-last, as enor.
monus as it was.--But--this-is-but- a single
item of the products of agriculture. Be
sides-this, there were-produced bf barley,
6.160,000 bushels; onts, 163,208,000; rye,
27,175,000; buckwheat, 10,268,000; [a
dian corn, 417,899.000; potatoes, 88,392,
000-a less amount than former years on
account of the rot. Hay,14,065,000 tons;
flax and hemp, 36.500 tons; tobacco'
187.422.030 lbs.; bilk cocoons, 486,5301bs;
sugar, 226,026,000 lbs.'. , . -
Tiese estimates4' not 'proteading t6' he
completely -accurate, furnish as near an
approximation - to the truth as possible,
and will serve to form some basis for cal
culation in gross respecting the agricultu
ral resources of our country. - The field of
agriculture continues to increase as well
as-labor-to cultivate it:-Thus, last year,
1,754,763 act es of the ptblic lands were
sold. while the number of emigranss from'
Great Britain, and other European coun
tries generally, is - believed to have been
greater than for any previous year. The
State of Pennsylvania stands -tbe third in
the importance and variety of its agricul
tural productions. - There were raised in
that State., list'year, 12,580;000 bushels
of wheat, 141,000 of barley, -19,826,000'of
oats, 11,927,000 of rye-near'y four times'
the amount of any other sitate; 3,322,000
of buckwheat, 17,126,000 of' potatoes, I,
527,0100 tons of hay, 535,000 -lbsdj of -tod~
bacco, 41,370 of silk cocoons, 1,600,000
of sugar. New York and.Ohio-are the
only States which exceed Pennsylvania.
-South& Carolinian.'
- Fat~ening IHogs.-l t is a good policy to
commnence fattening pretiy'early, for pork
can he made at less cost in mild weather
than in winter. At this seasotn weeds from
,the garden and fields will aid a little, and
swveet apples ihat have fallen willido'-more
service ii the hog pen than under the tree,
where the worms thet ore-in them would
make their appeanrancc nest spring in the
formn of inqects.
-Hogs are fond of variety, and in August
and Sepmembher they ican be gratified at
small cost. Purslaue, that no'v covers the
groutnd in many gardens is greedily de
voured by hogs, and w~ho knows but this'
weed has as much power to fatten as the
the tops of corn have ? .Charcoal should
be occasionally thrown into the pen; brim
atone should be mixetd in the liquid food.
and a little meal improves sour milk and
whbey. When your sweet corn is full the'
corn may be cot up 'at the roots, and the
whole may be cet with an axe. The-cob
will be eaten with the corn, and the whole'
will pirove economical --fouod. Well fed'
hogf'.miake better manure than half fed
animals, and now your haying hurry-is'
over you have time to add 'loam that will
make- the'..pen.-sreli. sweeter a ban some
kitchens that you may- pass by.
*TIte Thousand-miles Walk .Au gust'
28th was the last day ni 'the si weeks job.'
of.Saton, -the pedestrian, at Caledoia"
Springs. -There is little doubt that he 'hap
accomplished the feat, as when last hoard
t(rein he was trotting his mile every hoi.
w ith. wonderful-apsi it and vigor,.for a in -
I of fris advaded M. . -'i