Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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o 490'as still inding upon u=. I do not thinkiso. 'But I presume that there is no senator who does not believe that an offer made by our government-volunta rily made four times-and extending to a point beyond which we have never claim ed in any of our negotiations by an actual ofer we never have proposed to go beyond .A9:degrees? the '-rst offer in 1818 h) our government was 49 degrees-in 1824 it was the same-in 1826 the same. I say. then, I put it to the senators, what would they think if Great Britain. instead of in sisting upon her former offer. should re fuse to acceed to tharnow, and come south of it? Are we not in this case admonish ed to adhere to the rule, "as ye would that others should do unto you, do ye even qo.,unto them?" 1 venture to assert the blood of every Senator, and of every citi zeus of the United States would rise to feverheat, and the war cry would be in stantly raised, if Great Britain were to retract her offer, and insist on coming fur .ther south. This is not a matter of obli gation. It is a question of prudence and equity between the two nations. In 1818, when at the head of the government, and in the cabinet were men who had shared in the perils and glories of the revolution and the war of 1812, the first and only offer made was 49 degrees. Subsequent to that, at various times, the same offer was.made. Now, I ask-What new light hasibrokeo in upon us? What new discove ry has been made? What new argument has been advanced ? Upon what princi pie can we now offer the British govern ment. less than we offered then ? Is our claim any clearer ? Is that of Great Britain any worse ? We stand precisely where we stood in 1818. All that has since been done amounts to nothing. Where were we then? What were our rights then? We had a right founded upon discovery and settleaent restored to us by the British, to be-sure; but aban doned by those who had urcupied at I am not sure but there was not a single citizen of ours in Oregon in 1818. Well, thus we stood; and in that state of the case, the British being in possession of Fraser's river,, and variou, settlements, that convention was ,arde. Now, ny opinion-to be brief-is. that the claim of Great Britain is founded not upon the Nootka Sound convention. which gave ter no right at all, but rather marred the right which she has-but upon the settlement on Fraser's river, which happens to run precisely on the line of 49 degrees , and that of a precisely similar character is the claim of the United States. Such theta is my view of the title. And I would now go farther and state what my view is of the possibility of adjusting this question. And I hope that seuntors and representa tives in. Congress. and the people of the United States will all take this subject into the most serious and solemn consid eration; for I regiet to,be compelled to saythat-i do believe that at this very mo ment -we are in more danger of being in volved in war upon this miserale question than' we ever hard been at any former perimd. I give my viewfs, andIguali be very happy to hear any argumeat<rmaking the claim of the, United. States:stronger. -well, then, I ask, taking. into view the couresheretofore adopted .by our .govern went, and the offer repeatedly made, is there a .senator-is there any man of in telligence-who .believes that Great Bri tain will ever adjust this question upon any basis short o0 49 degrees? The hon orable-senator from Arkansas had the can dor to admit that he did nor think it possi ble that Great Britain eve-r would concede the title of the United States to 54 deg. 40 sec. Th'en we must. make up our minds toj settle on the basis of 49 de green, or go to war., It is distinc'ly a ques tiona of peace or wvar. atnd as such it should no0w be presented to the Senate and peo ple of the Uui-ed States. The simplest question is, Wiha you settle this peaceaibly and honorably upon the basis of 49 deg. or will you go to a war wthich tno humnan. being knows when anad howv it will termnin ate? Now I sincerely hbelieve thiat if a brief view of this title as it really exists were presented to the paeople of the Utni ted States, anad the question were distinet ly asked. Will you give up all heyotnd 49 deg., or go to war wvith Great Britain? ainaety-nine out of a hundred would decclare, "Fix upon the basis of 49 degrees, and avoid a wvar,"' Great God ! I have beena shocked at the indtlfference withi which some senators have spokena of var? i f the. honor of this country were involved-if its liberties were in the slightest degree endangered-if any disasters growing out of- this question threate-ned the fortunes of our free institutionis, I never shmould hesi tate. at encountering any hazard to avert the evil But is thaere any danger ? Is our national ho nor in any way involved. Suppose Mr. Buchanan were to utler to rnorrow the precise proposit ion oflkred lby Mr. Calhotnt-the basis of 49 deg. with the navigation of the Columbia, (which may be .valuable to England-is of no value to us)--suppose lie wvere to make not merely the offer ho made in. Jul3 or August last,.but thie offer made unader the sanction of our government formerly-I should like'to know how the honor of the United States would be involved ? shoold like to knaow how the paresenit ad ministration would be disgraced by settling this question on the terms proposed lay the sagesof the revolution, and patriots of 1812!. Theredoes seem to he something like :an undue unbecoming pretension in this mate~r. .Ishoultd not nonder if Great Britain felt tlhat her honor was in somee degree affected lby thus attempting to ex tort or obtaif 'from her terms less advan - taioiusthan~ thoqe we'liad so repeatedly offered. HasaGreat Britain become less tenaciousof her rights; or' have we become semach more able :to maintain ours ? shallknot enter into ainy question as t'o the TMasive power of these two countries. -'he power of each is great enough fur any ~9toe no here permit me to say that ,Jo aoh elieve thiere ever has been since fbin'nndtion. of the f*orld tiwo na tions hehwetm-'whit taivayin ald be'so aw fully detitii irati imn w0uld biytetween..GrestBritain and the!United States~ e (a'roiatiquixy wei-e .wars ofntp~siuoodomee involv qg4indeed, agosto fh-uan life; bul a Waybetwqotwo' s Jagtois.au G eai 'ritiand th Ut8tteciI noi hiIt.e- .at aperedtm.a. quenee of the unavoidable suspension of commerce, be a war of widespread deso .Iation.- ,Thousandsy millions in both coun tries would be reduced to poverty-to'ac. tual suffering.- - The calainitous' conse quentces of such'a war, independent alto gether of the bloodshed and loss of pro party, would be incalculable. Some es timates have been made-of the consequen ces of such a war. And. indeed. I do be lieve that this is one of the cases in which it is pro;;cr to count the cost. A prudent man, if his honor be assailed, will sacsi flee his life vwithout any calculation at all. But when a question is presented involv ing the sacrifice of a small proportion of property to which the title is equivocal, it is a manter of prudence whether more will be gained or lost in the prosecution of the claim. If the settlement of this ques tion on the basis to which I have alluded could possibly imply in the minds of any intelligent, disinterested men, a restriction of our rights from fear, or any other cal culation on the part of the United States. no man would ie inore opposed to it than myself. But are there not reasons not only justifying-nay, but almost calling upon us to settle this question peaceably ? I was referring to calculations that had been made of the expenses of such a war. The annual sacrifice, including the de struction of our cnmmeree and the ex penses of the war, would be one ' indred million of dollars. I pu. at as we low est esurr.ate; and as I an, responsible to God. I would not give the tenth part of this sum for the whol- Oregon territory. Now this being a clear question of calcu lation--of pre-fit and loss-as far as our honor is not involved, I have brought a book here from whictt, ha tug shown what the title is to tthat for which we are con tending, I will proceed to exhibit to the Senata the probable value of the country in dispute. If ever there was a portion of the earth in which I would regard it as the greatest naislortune ftr a poor man to be obliged to settle, I consider that that portion of the earth is this Otr gun territo ry. It is a country that almost appears to have been blasted by the hid of crea tion. It is totully destitute of every at traction- It is almost incapable of sustain ing a civilized numnan being. And yet tits Is the country tnat nas been magnilied ntuo a perfect El Dorado! Let te now call the att utz'1n of the Senate to a few short extracts, which I .tell reiieinber, was puolished mainly at the tistauce of the present dacrretary of slate-nen a ineuuer of tilts body-a book giving the :tiost recent, perfect. and accurate acount of the Oregon territory. of any that has ever yet been pubismed. The Oregon territory is a very remarkable oue. It ta divided into dilfs rent regious by uountains. First, tuere are the Catturaia Iuou.taius rutniug parallel with tie coast about dU miles tromn the sea ; between them and the sea, according to this work, is an area of ;320UJ square miles, of whiich auout oue-eighth or one tenth only is it tur cul tivatuu--tat is, about four or five thou sand square ir.iles; and, as Jar as I can learn, and as far is any just: inhrence can be drawn from settlements iadte, thie mis er'.ble strip of land s thue ouly portion of Oregon on which a civilized humuun being can rest his toot with'a certainty that by agriculturdlfiiessau 1w 'chti-euppo' tence! I have said these are the regions. The first and best is that neurest to the ocean; and the remarkable fact that no seutement has been made this side of the valley of the Whlliatmette; that alter en tering Oregon. the emigrant travels one thousand miles before he can find a spot invaiin himt to settle, is pretty catictnsive evidence that the regiuu just alluded to is the only portion of' the territory cap~able of sustainling civilized hutran life. This writer goes on to saj T'he climate of this whole region is more dry than ilhat of the country nearer the Pacili:; the days are warm, atnd the Inights cool ; hut the want of toisiure in thle air fptevents the cotrast of' tempera ture frotm being injurious to health. and this coutry is represetnted, by all who thave had the opportunity of judging~ by experience, as bieing~ of exitraordinary sa lubrity. The wet seasoni, as in the coutn try nearer to the Pat~ific, extetids Irum October to A ptril ; but the rains are tieiither frequent nor abundant, and they rartly occur at any other period or the year, (a fine farminug cotintry !) Ini the sotitherni valleys there is little sniow; farther north ii is imurmi comnmoo, but it seldom lies long, excep' on0 the heights. SUnder suchi circumnstances, it will lie seen that little encouragetment is offered for the eultivation of this parn of Oregon. On the other hand, the .pa ms iatid vatleys appear to be admira'bly adapted for the support ot cattlie, 08 grass, either green or dry. may te found at all times nithirn a short dltisace, on the bottom lands or otn the hillsides. The want of' woo.d must also prove a great obstacl", to settletmenit, Ias this indispensable article can onily be procured front a great disrtance up the north branch oif the Coltumbia, or from the Pacific region. with which the passagcei of commtunicatioti through rte mountains are few atnd dilicuti. "The country farther east, bet ween the Blue miounrains and the Rocky tiountnains, appears to be, except in a very few smiall detached spots, absolutely unirihabiteble by those who depend on agriculture for subsistenCe. It is in faCt a collection of bare rocky mounitaitn chains, sepiarated by deep gorges, through which flow ther streams produced by the melting of the snoas on the summits ; for in the lower arnunds rain seldom falls at any time. INorth of the 40tth parallel, the climate is less dry, and the basis'of the moutnain's are covered with wood; but the tempera tutre in most places is too cold for the pro dluction of any of the useful graitis or gar den vegetables-; the parts' which appear to be the tmost favorable for agriculture are those adjacent to the Clarke rider, anid particularly arouind the'Tlat-head L'ake. wvhere thte hills are wselI clothed with wood, and the soil about the bsds is of ai good quality. Ott the horders of iho Le wis, and oif some of the streams -falling into it, tire valleys. apd :prairies, produ cing grass for cattle, bui;.all' the .atempis to cultivate the esculent- vegetables ,hiave failed. chiefly as it issbelieved. l'ron thge great difference im -the temp~erattre, he w~een the day and the'edecedding nighti, especially intsthe summerw1ieh is loin -rf-aie not leathain 20: sn'd oftenzr'xindk 50 degrees or Earenheil'rs tr." Now-let us come to the 'on eTile territtry morh 6 r lei ',f:'atituide. ad nor that drained'by the; Cdlmbi'a een called the Newtoledo r nish fur. traders, who first esi'b II in it ueyond the 56in paraligl, It is a sterile laud of snow-'cad l ais, tortuous rivers and lakes froz more thai 'two-thirds of the ye' r ding scarcely a single spot in of the vegetables used as food sied people can be produced. -. aters, like those of the country fa, u-h; however, abound in fish, whit ih bur ries, form the priucipal suppo4 e a tive population." Mr. Presideus, if this were tion of the rights, honor, acd libertien ne aa tion, I would light to the dliithreeo fur this miserable spro. If tliWver -clear and unquestionable title u;pgirpa t-and the caitm of Great 3rita iu was t'fally gratuitous, totaily destutefi. ou4. ion, offeriug an insult to the nha ,aol'-honor, I would die for this anisera) .aspo t.before I would relinquish it. But it :a.mere question ot doubtiul urilit, ;because, view tte title of the United 'iaies and Great Britain as you miay, it is tle weak est of uatl titles-a title to a distant'territory inLdbited by savages. Perhaps, if we were to reduce our title to ascale of Chris iats justice. we should both lie found wantiu,4, anti thu rignt title be found in the native whabitauts of .tha teuury. Liut I to ot maiae that a qu iiu at all. I uuve no douut of the' rigu 1 setthing and culuvating a country fit 'l culttva tiOt by a civized people. .Bau I very nutica questiuu the rigat of any ivihzed natiuo to drive a savage people from a cunutry a nicit is It only to. ae Inhabited by a savage people. *byy drive theu out 1 'o cuntivate the counaryi.l To de rive wealth from the sll I To raise up a civihzed cuoinnuuty, distingulshed for ug ru.uiture and ine arts ? You cannot at tain anly of tnese oujects In Oggon. It appears to me, therefore, Mr. 'President, tout ao their paeseut responsi')te position, the ,uiEress of the United states are bunti not gonly to consider the value of uat for whaen ne are. coutendiug, but the ntature and eXteUt of our clittis, .and it the) do so w% ith deliueiatii.n and calm tes, L t:siiia it will be seen, tilt in going to n ai to tita Cuse, it . ouid be to fight for itu uilpronisdie wrong. ? veu it lhe claim ue right, certainly tie tcratiiur is not worth tinlta~ for, unless tie nour ci the CoUn tr) Decatime soumwhtat involved in the qgestiul. fA.;w, I nSave said Lndt no two CuUuiiesC vu tue lace ti tiht earth could un each other tiu mnuca injury as Great Aritain antdue Unitied btaten, an case of a war betwCe: liemn. I n ili now go lar titer, ato say, that there never Was been gnown in sthe history of the iworld, an Atne1 lustalce inl a bicn two iations were copauls of reaizing for the present and prospectively so, great advantages from the preservauuun o peace. Never -since lls nurad was foarmed, have ihere existed oh the face of at Ito nauouns who would in tia cae wake so great a sacrifice of those olessi"gs whin the God of .mercy nas bestowed upon them, as Grei Britaiu uau trie Unsted Stateer I'ne comnaencemedt or1 Mtg inm ciel era-au era such-'s the id wbrld 'as never yet seen. Sir, to discovery evet imiade---io new channel of. commterce.ever opened to the enterprise of mankind-has produced such an -Increase of national prosperiry aud human haplpiuess, ali'wil grow OUt ot the reCent proceedngs im the u15ti:sh Pairhaniient, if-as I sincerely be lieve they wall-tuey should he consum miated, I have great-hpe that, by the next steatner, we will receive the intelli gutnce t1:at the meiasure propused by Sir Ilobert P'eel hlas passed the H-ouse of Coin tmins by sucn an overwhelnliig mzajtirity as will atmost insure its passage tn the Hiouse of Lords. If thlat ,ueasure be adop-. mee, and tie ports of Great Britain be opetned an the hfree inmroductiotn of all the aigrettitural pirmocts o this mtighty hand thle ladun corn, the wheat, the variousm itndigenouns grains, t he cottoti, the toba~cco -nl), nlot the tobacco-but all these great staples of agricultural industry ; I put it to my western friends, how great would be tne sacrincee of interest and of right on their constituemhs, thnst they shiould involve US in a war, n11otily teinporarily suspending these advanitiges, lint perliapa destroyt g thema for ever ? I am not one of those who babitually portray the calamities of watr and its unafob devastatiosns, with a view of preventing the counry from main taining its rights, even i: those rights were iot as doubtful as in the present case I tink lhey arc. But I cnink t he greatest of tall errtirs that cani be committed by a imiitary chiefinin or statesman is to un derrate his adversary-to underrate lhe disadvantatges of the wvar in which he em barks. Lie testa, if he-be wise, the rights which the nationt enjoys and the sacrifices which it must tmake I shall be very happy to knomw from some of the frtcends of this eltretine latitude, (54 deg. 40 sec.) if (lhey believe, it is ina the chapter of pos-. sibilities to mnaintain their cfaimi andf avoidl war ? Is there a mataint this Senate a ho knoews his ownl heart, when he comes to exami'e fairly rhe -Eaglisht title, who couldi expect from Great Britain that il.wa maaintain our stabboro claim tao 64 deg. 40s. it will he possibale to avoid war?7 if we make that claim, I trust in Godl we may have the firmness to die for it. If we go to war far a cause so utterly iae-h quie to a war, it will be' necessary 'that (ie war go on till one or the other nationt be wholly subdued. Where could it stop4i If we .gn to war for Oregon,dlo you-sup rose that the armies of the two atlins wouild meet on .the plains tof Oregon to fight ? Do ycsu suppose that the wir would 'be coanducted'for the acInel cession ofroregoan? Of couarselor; The it ish would 'probably send -veisels toothet mouth of the: Columbia, and- bong before we cbuld 'send aid to our piople' there, they ;woulddbo telpellifd.- But Ict would not stoj'ahere.-'Some reelnifg-.mutle generated ontboides tha woufd t make thie war the :mqoi bloody.: deofling aid intermp'inablis tihsilhs eve bpe's wagod. Thle war of the relofiiii ianjed fyars Coul we behoveedina 'inalet thaanr that tiine? .Is thur i lik itika%?i ftEverib'tO this waitblhea ht*idbd prucS it, sn'ha cantifileai isan:fedtetauS would be-so far subdued in seven years, as to.give up any right claimed by her? Hov is it with England when ivould she sur Tender ? Why, although gentlemen have made a very large estimate of the sufrer ings and expense to which England would be subjected by such a war. we must re collect to her it would be a mere matter of militaryoperdtion and expenditute for a war carried on at a distance. Her sub jects engaged in co.nmerce would indeed sutler much; but the protectiuon afforded by her immense navy would render their suilerings less than ours. Well, then, the war would be a war of mutual destruction: mutnally destroying the commerce of each nation, and, beyond all doubt, the cities of the Atlantic coast. No one supposes that we should ie aide to invade Englanid. But the invention of steam would enable England to enter any of our harbors, and destroy the seaports. I am not a military man. :1 do not know what protection our fortresses might afford, but my impression is that the enemy could pos thew and de stroy otur cittes. However, he who ima gines that this would be a war for Oregon deceives himself, and seeks to deceive his country, if he announces such an opinion. He most ntoluily deceives his country ifhe does no; proclaim that such a war would be one of the most disastrous that ever :has been waged. Still all this were but a secondary consideration if national rights were involved if national honor were involed-if the stability of free in stitotions were involved. No nation can abandon the maintenance of its just rights at all hazard, without lorever furteiting its position among the nations. and loosing all hope of posterity. But as I do sincerel believe thai so far from being exposed to any danger of involving tie honor of the nation by adjusting this question upon the only point which ias been indicatei by any party in this country-I sincerely be lieve that the honor of the country-the honor of the guvernment-its sacred obli gations to the people demand such au ad justment of this question. A few words, thieti, with regard to "the notice," and 1 will conclude. From the views which J have presented, the Senate will not be surprised to learn that ill believed that this notice was in any way calculated to pro duce war, .1 should most decidedly vote against it.-iin any shape, or in any forma. I shall therefore vote for that orni <-f no lice which conveys to the President mos: clearly and disutnetly, and emphaticalhy the views of the Senate. and their deter. nination to support him iii adjusting this question on the only b.asis on which I he Iheve it can be adjusted, tnd ouiIht to be udjusiet. %% e cannot apeak too stron;ly; and I have therefore heard with muct surprise, and deeply regret what has fal len Iromt my friend n.-ar tie, that he is trilling c vote for the resolution without modification Why not vote for an amsnend nient expressing the opinion of the Senate? I agree thai the House of Representatives being no part of the treaty making power, probably did well ii no: wishing to inter fere with the negotiation ; but we are the constitutional advisers of the ['resident on this very question. It has been sent to us as a branch of the treaty making power. The President can do nothing on this sotl dct but with the advice and consent of e.tite1rd "Tileb ibtte -of~Gen. Wash: ington'a presidency it was the custom of that illustrious man to come into the Sen ato and deliberate witn them. That cus tom was afterwards abandoned entirely because of its inconvenience. Perhaps it would not be amiss if it had still continued. S, far as I am concerned, as a friend of his administrumion, I wish the President io know precisely how far we will sustain him. If he sends a 'reatv Ino-morront pre. Icisely in the tertms offered by Mr. G3alla 'tin, I will vote foir it. I wish to God that every senimair wonld have th' hoildniess to dto the simne. But Ialdo not judge for nih ers. Every senator must nct from his ownt ennvic'iots. But with tny convictions on this subiject. if I were Io involve' this contry in a war with Englhaal foir the difference between 'lie parallel of 49 dea. wvith the naviga'ion of the Coilnmbin river, and the extension of that Ito Great Britatin -l say if I were to involve my country in a war for that, or lie instrumetal in in volving it in such a war fair such a cause, entertaining tie opinionm a hat I do. I should feel that I wonul d eserve the everlnsting execratioti of postetity, and especially oh my own children. Carter, th~e Lion IKing.- Carter, the celebraited lion king, possessed as mi.ch daring andi self-posse~ssion as hats evet baeen known. A fullI grown and power ful Bengal tiger was landud ont of an Indiaman for him, ainI was co be trained for his theatrical e'xhiibitions. Carter expresseid no concern at the task, nor anticipated anty difficulty ; and when lie juidge'd the fitting moment hail arrived, he caused the door of the cage to be openmed, and suddenly stiod in the pre sec fthe auronished benst, armed ed by the effrontery anal stern glance oh the man, the mtger crouched in thei most distant corner tof the cage, terror stricken. A blow with the whip, and indication of the hinge'r, sent the now submnissive' beast to anothefr corner ; and thus it wats kept on the move from spot 1to spot, till Carter, retiring (rain the cage, declnring its entire subjiugation, Thea feats aof this extramnidinary man otn th' it tare well knaown, hot Ito would oftent anmus.' himself in private by m~iach itng mis strength against that of his ai mnai. I have -seen him, for inseane, reltase a puma~ from its cige, andl,se't lng the btantt by its tail, atte'mpm to drag it along ; indeead I do not bielie've he knewa what fear wa<t. Foqtently on the stage he has been sov'taely bitter and mautleml, whhimout exhibiting the slighuest uneasiness, or even liear. of the bteutl, which liad ennverted its feigned ferocity Imo@ an acinal attack. Altoigeth. e6.* his .commahnd over his animals wat nn nailonilng -xhibition, nnd hproved tbrclbly how completely the mtajesty and dauntlesa darinenaftitan can affec' dIoWmih -.Ed. Thompson. - ;Iltrin will ereen svheirfcannet ra 4: ong r e s si @11 al. Correspondence of-Ulc Chas. Courier. WAsHziooN, Aprii. There was quite a scene in the Senate to day, and onO that will create much excitement in the ranks of the democrat ic party, as it .betok'ans a breach in its ranks. Mr. Ashley had the floor on the Ore gon question; but lie yielded it to Mr. I3enton, who, as Mr. Speight informed the Senate, wished to make an explana tion. Mr. Benton rose, and went into a full reply to that part of M. Cass's argu ment in which Mr. Cass attempted to prove that the line of 49 was not fix-d by the treaty of Utrecht betw.en the possessions of Great Britain and France, on the North-west coast. Mr. Benton (lid not wish, lie said, to make any ap plication of the argument which he was to offer, but it was his purpose to vindi cate the truth of history and the intelli gence of the Senate. Mi. B., wtho is profoundly versed in the history of this subject, went into a statement that occupied an hour, to prove that the line was determined, es talished, and fixed, and that it had been so acknowledged by the Government of :h.- Utitcd States and that of Great Br tain. Having closed: this statement, which commanded the fixed attention of the Senatois, in a degree rarely ever wit nesed before, Mr. Bentou indulged in sonm- sarcasms upon Gen. Cass-upon the Agamemnon, the Ajax, and the Ulksses of the " flfty-four forty party" -upon their absurd position-upon their authority, which was Mr. Green how's book. &c. and, having made a prisoner of their leader, he would, he said, let him go, upon His parole not to. step over the line of 49 again. Gin. Cuass was not present, but Mr. liannogan ruse to reply to what he corn sidered an unkind allusion to himself -end his small band, in which, he said, he was not an Ajax, but a private sol dier. He had taken the Senator as his wuide on this and other questions, and had but followed out his own arguments in favor of our claim as delievered here Iitur years ago. He congratulated M.. Calhoun that, at last, the antipodes had met; and he lad made the Senator from Mi-souri a convert to his opinions on this suhject. But he thanked God that -'man was so high in this country as to be able to suppress public sentiment. The Senate then went into Executive session. Mr. Bur.ton's argument as to the 49th parallel, is deemed unanswerable and triumphant. The Sub Treasury Bill was discussed in the House till a late hour. April -2. The Sub Treasuty Bill has passed the House by an overwhelming majori ty, 128 to 6?. It is made as stringent as possible, and is aendt-red incapable of any evasion, in any way. There nut now be, under this act, an actual paynmeni int cash to the representative of the Governmnent ; and the money musi be actually counied down, whe.ther ii be five cents to a D'puty Pos' Master, or 'en thonusand dollars to a Collector of the Customs. The Bill will pass the Senate. Taot episode in thte Oregon debate silh occnies thte time of the Senate. Mr. Cass appeare~d to-day, in hik seat and -nade~ a vigorous reply to M.. Br-n ion. Mr. Cas< re urneud his mhanks to Mr. Hannegian, for his eloquenet and succesofuil defence in htis absence. Mr B-tnton rejoined wiut much force, anid Mr. Webster nmacle somne sugges tions on the ombj-ct. The faivor able news front Mexico at tracts much attention here. Apr il 8. In the Senate to-day Mr. Ashley, of Arkansas,spoke on the Or egon qutestion anod advo.ated the excluisive American title. A nd also uniderto;ok to show that the horrors and d~emgers of w'ar had been greatly exaggerated, and that a war wvould, in fact. du us no material injury. Hin pioved from a table whicht he had prepared, that the United States could furnish 146,000 troops every year, without diminishing their force. The. r atio of increase of population showed this to be so. Mi. McDuffle took the floor for to morrow. A tmessage was teceived fromt the President, transmitting in repily to a resolution of Mr. WVebster, the corres pondenmce connected with the Ashburton tnegoatiatlion. Mr. W.-bster gatve notice, that as the Ashbutrton treaty, with which he' was connected had.been miade the subject of attack here, in connection with thme Or, gun qtestion, he would take an early opportunity to vindicate that treaty. For this purpose he called for tho cor respondlence... It is understood that the pielimingty in questions on thme notice. will be taken at the end of ntext week. Mr. Burt. a memiber2,of the Cammnit tee on Nllitary Affairs, made, an txpla,. untion in reply toj an: article, in; the "Utnion,". wh~ich article seemed to tin ow doubt upon-.the statement of the Corn mittee, .that thne commumlcations --fom the War Department4 rtlativn. to-an in crease of 'lip military force, forji~ca, tiotns, . were niad AgnJetialy,m -Mr'. B. .staed tt ,merocopIfuteg eti a'nd "fo the reasoni ihehiDanart.c nent .d id dy some .OR" p o 6i drtfation to comestothecno eie ee p inrhnwhich n oighlt be l l. ' Te Sub Treasury Bill :waeerid - ahf'Senate, to the Committee O-EFij1 ance.' It will not pass tharbady witiln: ,ut a discussion ' but it-ill-undoubedn* y.pass. . . . ,. -- .9, t Correspondence of fte Ciaritifo i "' Ir the Senare'e y after tce disposaenl of some unimportant haineas, Mr:hWl6 iter took the Eocr and .entered.rposris.we, promised vindication of the Wahngtp Ireaty of 1942,4mtihe erirebpia companiytng its negoti'ationZ ..feri u introductory, remarka, beasid eI impelled to this Course from dispaiij remarks in bodk Housese E6 charning him witb havingtwrfdie interests of his cuntry intelprpt jiist ment of -the unrth-eate .hoe a , then entered upon ti defence,e g a,?seo a long historical sketch of af thee egoff- ' ions relative to this boardae - 's century previous to the ravifeatio roftilie - treaty. and in the defence b..f ' a ti e meat of that question rradeIi 's e-reaggy He spoke for about three ho'urs, tai v resume his remarks to-morrow. In the House, the Coirnittes vti - called for reports, and a great"neie private and local, bills werewa'cofdify* reported and to a Comeittee of'' . Whole. e . Mr. C. J. Intersohl, fromitbe o ? f lee on Foreign Affairs, wasio hiritgei, " discharged from the further'consideratiim m of the petitions asking a -re auet teio.Dfo*; China to the United. Staten. Also, troth.,. the further consideration-of petitid xns vocating a decrease of our army and na.d as the best means of securing peace - :;a The. Cumberland Road Bill .astihedh. taken up in Committee ofthe h g WN , and debated for two hours. The 'Com mittee then voted on the amendinenia fered, and finally reported the billto the +; Hiute in the form of an appropnriatiq of land instead of money, -as contempjste in the original hill. The Union assures its 'rseidtia t question upon the Oregori N thriil proubably he taken this week... I doshte'tika You will perceive thaat.Thomas jitchir. jr., indicted for the murder of"Mr.;.leasy . ants, has, after a long trial,been a qi' ted, together with the seconds: in'tfee* ril,le afilair. The Union, edited'.hy e - father of the accused, says-2 e we may be excused fur saying tgtie we deeply regret the tragical and.tsar-. irous event which has huitie'dMr.1Pe ants to an untimely tnmb.it.w aimppo:IiZ ble for the accused, under the,eirce n.aerun ces of the case, to,have acted othrwi , tli-an he has done, without trrotrzepble~ disgr-ace." r e ' GALLANT EXPLOIT OF GEN.LA $ I t is pe'ritaps nlt generaljy known that/ the celebrated Lamar owes mu'l4.his,.a success in the military- and't oli! world to a single iallantexploii formed by ltim ar'tthe'bat'der'o an a cinto. Amostill greaY men at e been indebted to sorne cau cic$ to suggest and- guide the course 'o't after life ; andso loo- hs- it-be .'.. -The -frntnkfe~ d odi { which led to Lamir's attainment off' highest militarv 'rankk'his cinni could bestow tponhim, and aftera'8s14 to ,he highest .vic honors, wassi 1ot .. lows: Mit ahen B. Lamar,.a native of'tiina State of Georgia,-and an adopted ct, zen of Texas, entered thr- titule of banr Jacinto s a ptivate di-agoon. Idur'i, the skirmish with- the eneriv's 'a'lv on the day preceding' the badtt, te horse of Latmar, a wild and imnpetusi" anitmal, carried his equally impetuotinC rider at full gallop away from. hiskowi# companions into ilhe very centre of a' budv of iMexican horse. The yougn'gy dragotoa was immediately surrounded, and thaouifh fighthting desperately,. was" made prisoner and placed in'the custo' dy of t wo Mexicansx, also dragoons.: In. tthi, position Lamar remained for's9t5' time an unwilling spectatar of ihlifgft which w as now becoming general.' "" I' was an irksomne position tbiie possessing thae faeings of the- yomngd Georagian, atnd lhe resolved to; free hidia~ sel frm his guard, or perish in 'the ntg tempt. He was still-upon horse-back',e a huge, dark l--oking Mexican ;on.eadin bide ot him--bu- he had bt'en 'deprivid' of his sword when capiinrwd, sad WaS altogether unarmed. Each of thl4ra' goonis wore a large sabre- a't iWNWf and on one of these te eyestinfn1I became fixrd. Grasping the bishowitte a fie'rce eagerness, the yonf rt succeeded in securing-bhoth a swouruands a scabbard, and then idrawing- ther fosne er, he put spurs tolahis hotse~and'galldpg . ed oiff towards his- comridespwlko erei fromt their position, witisessesdo -i feat. But Lamar was not destind'o meach tthe Texan .lines withbotafgtnilig' for it. A' saon. as 'the troops'outhib~ ground perce-ivedi that hie had 'ases ftotn his gtuard, a generaleushwas-nad~ to itntercept him, -and-sveralh'hrsemnetr) galioped between shim and the ajip'roach4 to .thteTexandlinesr~ . -e M,,. M Lamar, -biava as.a lion, waspsoonen#~ gaged with seversa Mexicanz-atoncr but having resoived to die ratfiir than ber taken a seceond- time, he :soonqaeu hiqsr way -through -the ; enemy'suinsabtda amidst the whistling brillets-andithe bhrs zas of his comi-aders..manyt ofualim had been -witnesses of bis ezloilspbj was carried backr-to his riasndswrd's Thisogallart actiamwasperfoimtdM the .daypiecding4hat ofatibi~tIaiih Sanninto-antaades havenbsfornMaanildgnyteepuivas drgn qd~h iysbfahatas alyvaempano