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(Concluded.) no er But, perhaps "A Parent" did not desig to give to his language such a latitude of meaning. but to cunline it to the one case of Abolinonisim. And thou the extent of his meanin would be, that any work, which should be tainted with Abolitionism. ought to be banished from our seats of learning, lest the pupils should be convert ed into Abolitionists. I now take the liberty of calling the at tention of"A Parent," to the fact, that there is in the South Carolina College. a text book of Moral Philosophy which has been used from the commencoment of the Iastitution to the present day, which is as strongly tainted with Abolitionism. as he supposes the Professor's Moral Science to be, and that it was in the hands of a New England President,who did notown aslave. This work is "Paley's M1oral and Political Philosophy." and yet I have never known that a single Abolitionist has been made by its meas, much less that a den of such characters has been formed by its teach ings. But let us hear Air. Paley himself in the following extracts made front the work now before me. "I define slavery to he "an obligation to i:hor for the benefit of the master. with .-:- the coutfact or consent of the servant.' - 'I tis otblivtiomu may arise. consistently waT'1 th: !:w of nature. from three causes t: Fwmm crimes. 2.1. From c:aptivity :d. From detmr. In the first casc: The continuance of the slavery. as of any other puuishament. ought to he proporlionet, to the crite; in the secouid atid third cises ; it ought to cease. as sown as the dematnd of the injured nation or ptvntc creditur is ntisfied." "The slave trade upon the coast of Africa is not excused by these princples. W4en slaves in that country nre brutight to market. no questions. I believe nrc ask ed about the origin or jatirce of the vend er's title. It may be prestamned, there fore, that this title is not always, if it he ever, founded in any of the causes above assigned." He then treats of the wicked ness attending the procurement and trans portation of the slaves to Ameriea, % hich. he says, "is succeeded by suijection to a dminion and system of laws, the most merciless and tyranni .that ever were tolerated upon the face earth." "I'he neessuity." he adds, "is pretended" - " by the labor of slaves. a pound of sugar, which the planter nomn sells for six pence. cunld not be afforded under sixpeuce half penoy-and this is the eccssity!" "- Tite great revolution, which has taken place in the Western world, may probably conduce (and who knows but that it was designed ?) to accelerate the fall of this abomiuable tyranny; and now that discontent, and the paubons, which attend it. are no more, there may succeed perhaps a season for reflecting, whether a legislature, which had so Ion; lent its assistance to the sup port of an anstitution replete with hutnan Muiser, was it to be trusted with an em pir, Ibswouetetsive, thur evfvbraltr ed in any age or quarter of the world." - iv f intorld a td, e s hoowd- lt; from intermneddling with thte eiigj institations of' any But dues it fol low from thesailence of Scripture concern ing them. that all the civil institutions, which then prevailed, were right 1 or that the bad should not be exchanged for bet tor?" " The troth is, the emancipation of .laves should be gradual; anal be carried on by provisions of law, and under the protection of civil government." " And we trust that, as tihe knowledge and au thbority of the same religion advance in the world, they will banish what remains of this odioas iestitution." I could enlarge upon other objectiona ble points in Palsy. But 1 wtill ba-rely mention a few. The moral sense.-llis doctrine of expediency, andl his views on Religious establishmenits lby law. But I forbear.I It may now be asked. " If the principle., on whbich the objection of " A Piarent'' pro e'eeds, is incorrect. what is the true pmrin ciple in the case ?" I an'wer, thast where we cannot obtain workq for youth. which are free from objections, we should use those that have the fewest andl teas: imapor tant. A nd u here the pupil is not competent to comprehend the nature of the errer cam. tained in hiis text knok, and underm'tand its refutation, the chaptet containin;; it should lie cut out of the work. But where thme pupil can comprehenid thme error amnd the refutation. let him meem the error nmuder the instruction of time teachmer, iad master' its refutation. It isa otn this principmle, I Prestume, that the Greek and Latin Clas ales, Gibbon and Palev are used in our in stmtrions. Thbead-ntags derivedl frmmu the study of these works are great. and I "hould1 very much regret to see them dicuted. It is presum--d ; that the instructor will take care to point out the defects in these w rarksa, and that they may d..nainjtmry Apply the same remarks to theC .\oral SCcnce. L~et t bo teaeber, who disapmpromves of the Profes sor's iews on slavery, ex punge thme section on that subject from the book of the youn;;er puipils, but when tmey arc old enough antd soflictly improved tam commprehendl mhe argument, let them see it. antd learn its mophistry, that when they go omit into life~. and meet with their opppemenats face to faee, they may do it on grounds which can The subject of Aholitiontism is before the public. The intercourse betwveen thec North and South is frequent. Our young people are therefore often btrought into con tae: with those, who may " be tainted with Abolitionism." If we, in holing slaves. stand on the constitution of the land, and on the Scriptures of trash, as 1 believe we do, whyv should we be afraid of meeting the subject of Abolitionism ? Why keep the subject from our youth,ecapable of com prehending the argument? May not a so licitude to do so, seem to them a be trayal or the weakness of our cause? If we are wrong, let us ab'andon the system of slavery. But if we are right, as I be lieve we are, in maintaining in, let us be fully prepared to defend it, and let us teach our children to do so too. In the Department of Moral Philosophy, a suitable work for our ytth has been (aggdaeideroum,and especially for young pepila. When Professor Wayland's Mou ral Science appeared, I examined it with asm eare.-ad found it, tho' not unezcep steamber saa decidediy superior to every ,work on the same subject, that had seen i have therefore used it in the Academy ver which I preside, for the lost three or four years. not only without injury, but with manifest advantage. From the a bridgeietl for the use of Schools and Academies, I cut out the section on "Do mestic Slavery," so that the younger class which uses the work, has nothing to do with that section. I have another class of pupils more ad vanced, who study the larger work, and I am quite willing, that - A Parent" or an] other person should converse with them on the subjec! of " Domestic slavery." For if I do not mistake, they will be round aj bound on that subject. as any "Southern er" can desire. Two of the class, wh possess minds far above mediocrity, were though I had not bec apprized or it, seep tical on the point. before the - Morn Science" was put into their hands: but when the recitation on the section whicl treats of Domestic Slavery was ended their doubts were entirely removed, ant their minds quite satisfied with the state o things in this respect, under which thie were born and expect to die. The re mainder of the class were nothing imoved from the established land marks. but mori confirmed in the n:curacy of theit position If now I should abandon this work, ho shall its absence he supplied ? I know o no other that is poicssscd of half its wortl for our Schools, and, to be without a worl on Moril Philosophy for our pupils is cor tainly very uudotira ble. The teachers o this l)istrict -. tho met in the Court Hlousq on the first Munday in this month, con demned, as I see in the Address of ithes Chairman. " Wayland's Moral Science ;' but, otn looking over the list of books re commended by them for the use of tho Schools in this District. I do not see thi namne of any work on the subject of 31o ral Philosophy. Are the youth in our pri mary and academic Schools to be educat cd n'ithout instruction in this Department I had not the privilege of being at eitb er of the tuo afeetings of the Teachers a tce District, but was honored at the firs of them, with an nppointment as' Chir mats of the committec, to prepare a list o books for r consideration and approva at the seeWi. In that list. I placet "Way. land'" Moral Science," without the slight est :pprehension. that I was doing wrong for having used the work myself. advan. tageously as I believed, to my pupils, I supposed there would he neither dangei nor diliculty in its adoption. I ofer this as my apology to those gentlemen, whose persons I respectand whose labours for the beneft of the rising generation, I woulk rather aid than injure. And I assure their and others, t!at if I could obtain a worl on "Moral Science," for youth, preferablh to the Professor's, I would readily adopi it. Nay further, much as I prize the "Mo ral Science," if I knew that the commu nity would be disquieted by its use in m, Scbool, Ikould discontinue it. As it u not alleged That any evil has arisen froar the wotk to my pupilm. I lake leave ti assure thecommunity, that they needfJ none, i i were reckless of the intert a(- the sinjg -guraiaL. I - M.u have regard to my ee. And tis regarc would forbid my using any work in thi course otinsstruction adopted by me for m3 .coars, that would tend in the slightes dgree to injure them. The truth is, that the danger of makini A bolitionists of children, growing up in ihe midst or slavery is not very great. Neith er will the examination or the ground, em which the coutinuance of a system of ala very long in operation exists, tend to un settle the fnaito their piarents or othier. it its consistency or propriety. A gentlemat of high standing in Virginia, told me the last year, that previous to the agitation a the subject, somne years since, in that State there were generally among the nmemhen of the denotminati~n to wvhich lie belonged doubts entertaitied oif its propriety otn ScriP tual grounds. But the exattination o the sul'ject entirely reove~d itose doubts I apprehend, therelore, no danger to otn youth from thc use of the "Ml oral Science,' when tnnght by compwetnt instructors. A ay rate the otljcetiontable sectioni can, be easily cut out, anid thus the danger he en. tirely remoaved. By this meatns, an admit able auxiliary will be alforded in the de parmeet of morals, especially tot yotung, -A Parent" says "he has been inform ed, that Prtofessor Wayhmatd is not a na tive horn citizen of the United States. take great p'lca-ure ina sayintg. I have hseet informed from good authority, that he wai orn in the State of New York, andI grad inted at iJnion College, Sehe'nacmadly, ii thtt State. I have been also sufohrmied tht lhe wa Professor in that Institution nd af'ter wardls Pastor of a Baptish Chmrel itt Boston. For the Iast IIl or 12 years have known him, as Presideut of Brow: University. But, admit that lhe is not a native horn citizent of the United States, yet the time that he has lived in tht country, and the character that hte hassustained, are oI'suf ficient duration and excellence to msakt hims a most worthy naturulized one. Bu, if lhe be on1,3 a naturalized otne, is he no placedl by our laws upon a tooting witl a tnative horn ? Does a t the genius of ont institutions invite ine inhatbitants of othei Cettntries to) comeo and cast in their lot wvitl us!? Do we not say to the people oftothel nations, "Come thou with us, and we wil d hegoodjtor Godjhath spoken good con cerning (American) Israel ?" And, amids the inundations fre..n Europe, wvhich arn floodmtg this country with wave aft wavy of her subjects, if we could have a ver large proportion of sucht men as Prufessoi Wayland, cast into the waters, to "sweet en them," happy, thrice hapPy, wouldi be for the American soil. The Professor, besides a considerable revenue from the sale ot his works and at easy fortune brought to him hv Ihis excel lent lady, occupies a post of'bonor ant usefulnes4 at the North. which it mighi require years to obtain at the South. Foi these reasons, I apprehend there is no pro bability of his accepting the Presidency a the Sooth Carolina College, even if were offered to him. Favorable, howev er. as my Opinion of the Professor is. think it more~desirable, that the Trustee soulu esleet a graduate of the College or a non of Carolina fur the Presidency a or State Institution. Respectfully, WILLIAM B. JOHNSON. Governor's EXECUTIVE DAPA Col.UMsIA, Novuag 18 Felloo- Cilziens of the and Houseof R Coming as you do, freulr this bo som of the People, imbued. 'high est and latest confidence of constitu ents; guided by an liglt ereeption of their interests, .heedf the as pect of recent events, the ion may be regarded as favomble a is impor taut, to invite your attenu of the means of punmoting the w prosper ity of the State and its instit - Among these, the most and the most useful, are, doubtless 'efetive preparationfor defence, in jallitary organization anud munitio 'war; thu diliusion of the advautagesof 'brajand i enlightened education; the ement of the morals of our peop judicious I roglution of our currency;- edvelop ment of the sources, and an -ion of the burdens of revenue, tb courage ment of agricndtural industry improve ment; agI. fnally, the attra of the talent, patriotism, and aspi .of our citizens, to the performance o best duties and obligations of theegtiance; by dignifying and elevating r official stations, (and thereby impro their op portunities of usefulness,) to tidard worthy of The highest intell ll as r the iuost honorable ambition. lHappily fo'onr interestfi of the late legislature has preAi Pmst ample and permanent mea roy ing one of these enumerated utial resources of our strength, on , and our security. The now com a orgai zatuen of our militia, accom by a judiciou- and intelligible dig all the acts regulating it, together w restoe ration of the practical op . ties of improvement afforded by the drill, lihs more than realized its an ben efits, and presentis us in an at of de fence, to command the .,of the world. I is influence has ar a spir it and the emulation ofour o inspi red a sense of duty in our. and animated the patriotism and - of all our people. Built upon pen ence of more than forty yea ce the fist organizatian of our milit stem educated from the accumulat and - opinions of many of our Sable -inost efficient officers-the deli - result of she poptular will, and reflect Ae Jirm I convictions of two legisla bI to I be regarded with a sacred tion, which no sVppfsed percept' of-slight imperfections ori inconv should ever induce us to abandeno adnate. No scepticism in the morn triot - ism, or the capacity ofptle aself government, is more da unjust, than tharwhichd tes d'erides their ability for once.!, in the absence.of all aosuitutlonal p t o ro taina n'si0 aryi i States ,oftb no M that of 'poli ical '3 vtn t eir I indeed-be rotted to lie vain, and unprofitable before te arbi ofINK armed federnl potentate, in e atcos' test with federal power, it as jto . the mere efficacy of its laws, iX san55ctity ordinances-to the justice of her esahe, or the strength of her defence,.tbat the State looked at last for protectiour. And were the dangers of the past to recur, or the unfavorable forehodings of tils'future to be realised, it is to the hold beats sand nerved and disciplined patriotism of the'snilitia, that South-Carolina wou~ld again appeal, as the first to feel and an symipaitize for Sher wrongs, and as the only finally avail able source of defending her, Occupying this important relation to the State, they have asked and received from her confi deuce anid liberality, the means and the ropportunities, of acquiring all the accomt -plishmients, as well as performing all the -toils, of their laborious voca'ti. No ca 'pricious spirit of change-no servile defer et ee to popular clamoros-no ignoble hom Sage to party pride or intetes-no deluded -sense oh security-i trust. will Over induce -you t o revoke it. -It at~hrds me a similar statgion, to ereport the favorable cnditie; and adec quante supply of our nrms, arseals. an-i - imuntions ot war. Procured at .an ex - pense to the State of not less Uifa half a l million, and reqmiring an annual apparo-I a priat ion oft wetnty-four thousa'nd dollars, I lir their care and supervision, as well na - lor indispetnsable police duties incident to Sa military depot, they necessarily occupy , an important por-tion of the so~cifudo and . attention of1 tho istecutive, to whose con a trol they are almost exclusively subjected. I Under this responsibility, I instituted an I investigation, to ascertain if no part of this annual burden on the treasaw could Sbe judiciously dispensed be re ,suit of a minute aud dispauana to~quiry, isoon satisaed me of the fallacy of this ex - pectation. A ruinous neglet of- arms, ordnance. and military stasedo.the v-alue Sof more than half a mtillion-the dlanger Sarising from the neglect or injudicious care Sof powder. to the amnonut of more than rfifty thousand pounds. (with the addition - of the entire supply of the city. allowed a by law, and required by the regulations rof counicil, to be deposited Io olur maga I zines)-and the dilapidation and decay of - valuable and costly bnildinp would, of tcourse, ensue, and prove inits, results, the Smost utnprofitable of all systems of' econo my, arid could not be re ass plicy which a people, rigilan "tfihts, and providenit of the .i,~uld -appirove. The value and oj1f these Imilitary institutions, de ~' they are by time, by experien emner gencies that must again wev Iever, btut secotndary in s ace, - to the necessity of p ate I protection for their defes Idet iof a populationhlikeot ' - - not a dollar's expenas . pr -judicinuslyr diminished' F merary discharged - ellfi I cer, who does not occupy . nut - post, arid perform an ind~s ~ *duty. I And after an investigation, ted in iall thie zeal and spirit of re at'ih ir ,resistibly led to the convicti : ise r or prudent retreach stent is - .possible. - Ucuder this itdspression, 1 have temn riginal duties and purposes of these in titutions. with a system of education. which. in the assainmemf of two objects of inch primary importance to the safety and irsperi-y ofthe Slate. would amply roin enqate her the liberal and nnsificen , x 3enditures which she has hithertce seaur -ei, in mamaininig one only. I ann nore ,specially encouraged to hope for your :o-operaion in promoting this view, from he favorable manner in which ii w as re :eived by your predeceLsors-from the al most universal approblation of our fe-llow citizense-and froin the very saiifartory success of the short and limited expert m1eni, which it was within my official dis cretion to institute. Requiring no addiimional appropriation upplied as our arsenals r.ow are. with officers whose qualifiations. hoth moral and scientific, for iinstruction or comndnul, are unsurpassed. if equalled. in any sitni larestitution in the Union-affiriing a standard of educatiou, as they may. im measurably beyond our free schools, and inferior only to our colleae-annuoally dif fusing light and intfelligence to miore than fifly ofour youthful citizeens-ad all this without a sinple detracting circumstance, either in the safety or the preservation of the public arms, or in t he amount or 6deli ty of the services rendered to the St ate, I cannot conceive any p!xsiist objection to the change whi-h it is now ;-ruposed to introduce. The experience of other States. under arent disalvantages. and Pt a very coisilerable expense has not only conduced to the contintunnce of their fhs tcrinz patmnage of -imilar institcitions. but to the grntilying conviction. that they are among the most utseful and instructive of all their semiaries oh learniu. It would be enough. to d--terinie the advaintag-s of the nlerations propefed, (and which have been partially commetn-. ced,) to contrasi the usefuliess of nore than fifty of our most promi-sing young citizens; educated in the service of the State. wibh the ennobling consciousness of having paid for that education by their services; g..ing abroad under the lirat feel ing of a proud and manly inidependence. to occupy their high places in society; imbuted with a State patriotisn, as the nurselings of her i. s-itutions; combining the enterlprize and decision of a military character, with the acquiremeitis of their -scholastic opportuaitie--; dipensinig know ledge and intelligence thrtugh all the vo eations of life which they are destined to fill; and perhap-i most usefully. and asp propriately dittisiug them, as the instrue. tors of succerding generations: With this view of the effects aud influence of th'se institutions upon the morals and happi ness, as "ell as upon the safiety of the State, we have but to contrast the itd is criminate enlistment of many of the most prodigate, licenmious, and abandoned of society-men without local attachimeuts -tbe indolent, intemperate, and depraved -outcasts fron society, and sometimes fugitives from justice, whose crimes impel to this last resource for employment, Oehose passion, prompt to the first occasion of rechery 9r.insabordination. and whose by the restraints or discipline, can never be reclaimed, or fitted for the duties and obligations of useful citizens. I should be unjust, however. were I not to add, that there are many honorable and distin::uishied exceptions to this generatl de pravity ofrcharacter and of morals. liut were the benefits derived bty the State. from the former anad the proposed music of prforming the police duties uf her arsen als, precisely equal in oter respects, who can hesitate as to the wisdomn and propri ety of adding the ndvantages of a liberal and mnoral -eucatione to the msilitary ser aices which she requires, when both nmy be accomplished at 1/se samne c.rpruss.! 1! the education of our indi::ent poor he in deed an object cosmosesrate~ nith the annual expenditure of thbirty-i.~ thoeuaand dollarsa would is snot beo uinwise to (omsit this olportunity of ading (wii boice bu rle to slhe people, or draft on the Trerasury. and with the moss gratifying asserratnce of much more L:--ful result.s.) twe-nty-aour thousand more, soc promtote the objectss eel that benefaciion?7 Th'le discretion nowiet-Vstede in thne Ex ecutive icy law.s is dleemied ..,Tlie:ene tic ef fectuase the arcnflgemi'ents tc as hteh I hsae alluded. It ut oilher legi-l etive crvesconts are neice-ssar icc perpettuase i he, be yonds~ cec the fiuctuact iig cotin;:senciie5 n r&-iIt ot of ixecuee d !fi.cret ieon,:ci ndpehcap% mi tnmpa~rt thati strengc.th. ,erman-ttec-ry. ai di'iity. winh .ts .e cndence andi pra tronge alwtreys consfe-r. TVhe intIere- tine, re-ports oft he Comeman dati in rhrrge of ethoc~e pot<t, wVit th e vien ofsc the Ailjuiniae G'eneral. are lere withi sub'iicned and oe n ill bee fosundi I tris-i. se furnisle thnt feet a .ni srii-fsctory~ infeer mntioni. li hith thne enli:;htenedc eaperecec and obsr rvat ion of such sagacious ncd competenit utlicers may be seuposed tee supply. The tcnronahl.- te of the cinnual n p1 prop~irieteanee 'o c rue es tee establish a cs temi of pubetlir instructioncf. conste-> ant ectner stronrg iniduecmenit toe prow.cutl ane ex persimenit, w' hichi proecese; bcy it, trust-. so lormo one excepcsio. ;es h-asc, to the hii h ersec entiro and cci is i;:a tl flulrcec of a her e fires. te educei leer migeenstt ouhi. If the succes of s tse inrst iteuteisis should forsm thle bcris of jetu sre aindl imo rtanti im-s provemients. n. htich mtay bce judcici.ctusly es tended to stur free -,coocls; if they ichoueld spply hbeticr teachier, fromn their alumisnit: if they should suggest hisgher standards antdc better systems ocf morals acid cuisicon; or f they sonly awakeci greaeter ardior in the pcope, snd a warmer ineterest iiineer ru Irs. teo advanee the cache of e-dlnetion; ney will acehieve more- fur she tieal anid honour of our State. thasinal ihe oth.r la hors and appliances of governient coull in any oilier mnner conefer. In she mencstie, I cannot too seriously repeat the invoccasion of smy last nnnn'tii Message, to remedy some of the glarinig defects and unprofesicle rescults of ouer Free Schooel systemc. Is there nothcing in awaken yoeur attention, sir dinac~tisfy vour bopes, in tine facts, developed by the'sta istics of tine late federal census, that more than twenty thousand sef the adult citizens of ibisSiase, have notev-en receioed tine dvans nges of an imperfect education? Is i nothisir. thati this ,tneudnaet portion of our popolationi exceeds that of any other State in ihne Ujnion) except one,) whcile at proportionly ereater? Is it flathinag, tha, after an eiperience of more than thir iy 3etar., and an expenditure of morc than a million and a half onl Free Schools. th'ir bereti s ,boul-I have been wo : uprolitaly diFipenevd! thitr ;a rescareb mil te i tttii - tl of the idale exh-hits .10 nr-lleholy I reulti-such a bletmsh on the:ige #it w aIeb we live-io eiigitied a condition of -o large a purtion of our popoulation, and so depraved ani exitenste it antle off Ii e munificetce anti iher.dity of the -'te. 1. therefore. respectfully reiier:ae the re comnt tnt-tdaltion of the appointment of a supervieiiu olficer, whose wi-dom and ez periencei. after a year'" exclu,itve devotiot to that Subject. will ungnie-4tiionably enable him to presnct iany v~alu:blc sugges' 1ona on which to base judicii'us add ellicieut legislation. One of the greatest diticuhies hiherto existing to the succes-ful operation of a unifort and practirul syst-mtt af Fr-e Schools, has arisen fromt the influence of climate and population, onl the health, re quirctenti Ua4d opportuuitics. of diff rent portions of the State. In the iiterior and upper diriets, the establishont t of a public scoli within the square of every six miles, would not only he generally practienble, but would perhaps be emi ncntly expedient and useful; cvcu it car ried to the extent o substutitg an entire systen (if education -it tie expense of the public treaiury. The causcs which would render it incotiveniiently i.tipracticable on the sea-aiard, are too olvious to require enumeraiotn. Mot while ine obervution of a tupervising olicer would suggest the ordinary c. rrectiin of many exi-iting abu ses arid defects, hisexperieoce mttav lat the same time enable him to devi-., arid sub imit to) your con-iderationt, ,(ie sVstem morc happily varied und arc. immaiel, to tho iliveriticd requirements and circum stancesof every porni o tthe Sai-. lie btli. indeed, lie te greatest uf ull hei efactors to our ;age aid 31ute, % hose In bouts and reseaches should develope ome tmcode ol rendering the application oif ihis fund proportionately prititable and ueful. If, in the view of esti llabshintg anl entie and uniform system of public edutcati-mi, our state revenue wa, evei obhlgei t' be increased. at least :t third of its preseul amount; still, by ditiusing its adsantge, w thun the reach of every na-s dweliingl aid . imily, it would per apas more thtan cu.4pensate fir any nil I ai.iiral burdens which ir mIght be supired to Impose o the peoplI. by dimitushing the heavy and indi,paeunsable expenses if board and i structiou, wtici necessa iliy enter 1tto eve ry coaiputatonutdunestic eoronomy; and is hieb, oppressive as they are to the rich. ioperato as an excluwoniti of 1;lht and know lodge to the pour. E ven as a question of ofecotionty, therefo-re, it may pernapts ie satiftactorily dewonstrataul, tkt it would pioduce tu greatest results. with the least expense, both tW the State and the citizen. And while, according to our preceti sys tem of taxation, its burdens would devulve chiefly on wealth, it would at the same time, dimiuish the o untribution% which are now estorted irom the rich, to ubtain woul poractireay exen iajeit-u liberal, and even of a clasical education, within every man's mean, fanily. and oppoiartunities. Thus, wuh' the factitions of0 rank in society be obliite-raaed, by the mnoralI elevationt of aull e-l is-ae, ti te att:me high siadard ot knotw led- and itntelli genc. iThus, woul'l lie aissocimi an id ,flintit y of itttignnous you th itt te saute semauriesof lear.:ing, recipr-t:,il~y ex-r antd monrai-s of eachi oher, an i re .nul ini the formation of n hi;;h nadou:rrl and demo-, eralic character andu Iechtn;:. Arui thud. wit h les.. expense to tihe oulet,':t. wish: burthaen to the prnor, wouldi the bilessing,~ and advanmage., of the bru s--.ytemt of e-Iht eationt lhe uiurversatlly dlhee~d, to in-tigt.te as well as to wttith; frotll the :.r:t i rn:ni sc-hool, to the colh-ge; fr'tt te i :t riii atuenir- of lestrnii 'g- to the i.tte-.r -iad hitgh e--t developmitents -- scien1ce aind phl~.so lply. CuuntstedI with Ih.n se jusa:t c-ae of .h %att,acttitn, ti, tto t~ihr-nefli and api-la ea~tion~ tl tate l'ree Schoold Irm:d. we 1rtny' -.iutcca, the cotntinr~d rests tof the hbie ru itudl enig~ihteteni-s ntn:irge bestiined uponsi otir I'%'lege. T1he taos.: miundticett of all taur Scati- endowm~ntts-he tmo'.. hoorable of all ir-, benefactrots-tihe miost n-fIl otf all ii, int-itituoni-the mns-i irm pe~rtsablet I mtotunmet tof itq wi,dlom antI hher:iitv-its continuerd attd natimterru ptedl ciireer ofl suiccess5 ae trosp~ --rtt y. tevent ramis the unttt-ntal uldandat--e saf t!!'e pre--ent '.ear, ennnoust huri lie a sttrce- ol lihe tmost helr tIfelt grattfteui- n. to it- tilicial pialrtrn. -sttAddg it- rinoin-l tributte sof ltiarmarr ira thet generarl intel'::enace itf thre State -i he pe-re-nnial 5-irre oif its li'e-i ire. it-i crurdion. n-i it. cltlquencte e-nlihtented ytutth to cotmmetnce atheir rar sde-nt ca reer aof ansiefithlte~ n I of hrotnor, and an ticcupy their dlirtingu rshedl pint-es ii -- cit-nei htave jutst retason to exalt in thre unninteI ! pirisperity a hi5-h it ma esta an thle tnaurmber, thle tmorals, andr athe ne qui remtentts tof its-i studernts, :aand iin tie:mal. e-rnant on. ands jiioutis tmanr gem-ent of its facial:y. lleceit-rving u niaount h- lss ilhanr halfoairthe anntial rodorcnment bestimed Otti ree Schools, abe i-enefui- of a srmal I par; thle atainmenits o'f a 'itngle einl-:'h I equairementil of tane tin!y sof it- r ipe - , ar-a; the ftraia of a single one oif th'aso grenai matiwl-, n ha,-.e ienergtes tha- detvehlupedl; woul. I not tonly uomapensante for all thIe pm troniage wvhichiI ha-i httherti bieen retendeda to i1 . hut is tmnura'un yl more iahia to the Stte, tan ti- mtsuits aif nl her oit-he nefactitnr, Ito atdviatnce tire procre-a Of i-idtca tin Undeiitr alhe re-cenlt lirnve ' tmentt of a vene-rateid henid-contendinag with all the embal~rrasmentts siC a pro turn pore appihiantt tiC its presidling aifacer ant apoiniittmenat mots-t havily im powaing the ardnu- responsiilities of the tatier, withoautt its correspttah ng di;,.nitry. an~d an' thority-it is a subhjrect oif joyfail -aurpi ase atnd congratulantion,. that its afl'rirs harve been so ably and satisfacetorily condluctedl. Alt our projected wvorks tif internal imu provemnent hieing now in a St-ate of com pletion, it devolve. uipon you to consider the means tf instituting soume piertmanent anti necssary aagemnent for their secu rity andh preservatini. Wheaher thme di* .:-s hitherto. .d:..c.......,, .. ,t.. S:tpirin low~ ieudeut, may not be devolved, without letriment to the public service, on district Commissioner%, ine Comptroller General, or thle Executive; or wh-ther ho Interest of the an- au these woirks cannot be ad vuranaLta sy aio,0,d al, alre subjects wortut -A )our delon ratius In the Cbarters ,I Rouadi. Bridges, and l''rries. uusaahIlly granted to Cdmpta1,anies oZ individuals, I would suggesi greater can liono and r siriciiois, to prevent ite enor* mous abuses and i conlve:ieuces to which the opubie- are no frequenitiy buljected by lite egligece adti imposaion of their pro prictairs. liasaveas ot tha kind are be couiani of a ci.,racter so flagrant and nu merous. as to cotintuie an evil of no little nagniautke and iimportance. Much h.&3 ocen achieved by the delibe' rations af the last bestiou, to Improve our byslem of ruad wiorking. The regultaious requiring Comnvissoiners of the several houar.ls to exact the aliame amount of labour from each individual within their respec tive jursdiction, bus accomplished some thing tit eiiilize, and perhaps to lessen, the burleua of this public duty; and .the reference of fines over a certain amount, to a judicial jurisdictemn, instead or the fornmer summandry made of imposition, by a self-coustituted body, acting both asjudges and at:cuser,., bus certainty thrown some proiec iot arou;id the civil rights of the comunualy. But the reform is no! sn o5 cientl) radical, for the perfection of a sys tem so essentially dc:ective. The iniqui* iV aof ai irresptotislife legialation--the enor ttity of' a sell-perpe.uaitig and self-super vising power of w u%% it privileges and au thrity-ttia itjno-tice of exacting the whole atount ,t sat inconvet.icnt and irksome a public servic-, exVusicely from the agri cultural aneiest-and tle gross neglect, aud unprofitable result of its execution, stall cosatilute its most proninent features, and mii pose in-superable obstacles to its success aud satisfactory obstacles. Some stein of chartering our most pubplic highway to companes tor individ uals. witv cauiiuus restrictaons, to prevent inposotion or abuse-counected witb a stimlai lax on every species of productive capital, post-iead of itisg exclusively borne by agricultural labor,) to suppiy the defl ciency. ut reveuao, in thoe less profitable would Ie t1e most etCctive, and cbeapest tuode of tumpruvement ; and at the same inue the imisi eituable distribution of the expense. But should it be deemed advisaisle. Iat edeAvor to improve rather I:al to abandun a -system so radically de tective, and scorporating all the errors and abuses (if a long and fruidless experi ence. still the' application to heavier penal ties atnd aure equaitable and summary moder of conviction, are necessary to pro tect the commnnaai1y from the iuconvefi ences atd delays, as well as the dangers and lusaer so often and so vexatiously ex perieticed. from the negligence of irres pousiblc commissionets, and tne privileged proprieturs ol chartered bridges, and let ries. 1otivcs of economy would seem to suggffest u compliance with the recoinmen atio..s of thelunaue Asylum 6erewiih 07 Witipliur;A*Uecorn class of paisents, whose contribution Would dimnMish, if not entireilv defray, the gene ral expenses oftbe establishment, If this be indeed true.-and I am sure I cannot rfer yo~u to higher authority, or more sat sia.iory esidenace, than their own (rank and iintelbigent statemuent,-thecre would a seemi io be neither n isdoma or larudence iai wiiabuldin tie necessary and dc .iaed aid. T'o the cotisiderarions which a ise eonomny would thus appear most o~o-yto suggesi, I ama sure I need nit ad a the appeatls of atn eniargud and eniathitheed aneuesod.~in e ; w:iich on no ur~ c:.au lar is exer~cise, has ever i,i:ca . ta ipsre theL counasels of our rulers, or soi at uaae ihe he-ari's aot our people. lai luw a ace ti..n aof somea of the harsh ieat u: e, t our Cratmmnal Cede, I must lilit rater 3 'ou to the views expres sd mt my~ last atnniual . lessago. For the t' .! of shave, for cap'ital allknceb, I respec I l.t, but oargp utt. re-iter ate rmy invoca at .. to, subi,'at tic soane miodo less summa ry. le~s cahl tiatead to pertvcrt ilhe spirit of our aetuiga tlaw a to thec iniiiry of proiperty ;:the siacrtice o' Ihfe, tinan the preseut anmp.- fact ~and ignouraaidy adtministered trmt aatjtstice', ats aphed to cases of that e(araere'r. Tlhe~ exi-1us itipni,hmexant of peiit larceny as been' liounad in practice, one of the mos tsh ola irv hun tane of thle mfost nidious' af aill the mi:ilia an' of lhe law. Bunt the veaty eirica, y a' dertves from its degrading n :1 arnee a di 'the h:racter iaf the criminal, o na ortWi ,siely paraodhuces, i'i somec instances a retsolunti elet upont the symapathics of lthe coaa;.aaunity that may lead to remons tri a. e aa und oi',positin. 'Notwit hstanding iis thae wi or-a dradaed anad abahiarrent of all legal ai lienoas, uad that the criminal in sarably tad earne..ly petitions for its coontt'atin to any ttea' pedaalty, yet thle irre,.i'tibli- iematationots (and some tamies atihe s ant t a .cecssities) growing maaa of ther embna ra-saaen:s, and ihe imnme rahty tof the aimecs, haive greatly multi phed ainnd aggrav aed. the crime and the .-sede tl'r the circumstanCE's, it wattihl ,eem ta he itinpolitic, at present, to a .elmarar . i -..aaer. Tihe degrada iatn ua htia< ithad aht.,,pon the character of th eri, :.a:aunat ini fact, hie stipposed to)etC,.edi ihP i.innv and digrace of' ant opei a tuviictoan, a littedl character, and a dcieah amind'. Thie sensibilities of a cana' ir t. hartdened tt the motral imapressiOns aaf a seni-.;cC aof gti.lt prnonuncedl by his pert:he pearpettaatar of a meatn anad de hauting iihfeaar htke thtan of p)etii larceny t is abovea ar belon' the' reach taf all the ordina r y apae af 'he la w tol reclaim, or the everity tat it', paenaliies to putnish,. except througih thet pangs tat tht painful and de ralma tif all hunian infhiei'fns. *lTh,. pumaaaimni aif decath, it is believed, miay bec judic'iaiaa1y amneliorated in many en,;.,~ ly othor iaind e~liciemi penaltiee. lgai I wouildh ,tahtmii fair your contiideration, te exspediencea aftsubitaiuting~ prvt for publlir' exec'utionl wthenever the demands if a great sinie n'cessity, render ihe ex aiti of the bloody rsacrifice unzavotadable. The idlea of rondaiga punihment is always mre' terrible aaid inpressaive, y hen lef t the imaiinaitiOni to depiet it, and espe ciallty in the ai"scw of a liaie circumstan ces of excite~mett whichi are so well cal colaedl in susin the nerves and fortitude nf tnn impenifltect anad intrC~titCe culprir.