Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

"We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of our Liberties, and If it mast fall, we will Pcrikh nmidst Rhe Uins." VOLUME V. TAceiA Coy RosS ., tecemibe 2A, I840 * EDGEFIELD ADVERTISER BY ' W. F. DURISOE, PROPRIETOR. TERM S. Three Dollars per annum. if paid i advance-Three Dollars and Fifty Cen .if not paid before the expiration, of Si Months from the date of Subscription and Four Dollars if not paid within a weh Alont hs. Subscribers out of the State at required to pay in advance. No subscription received for less tha one year. and no paper discontinued tint all arrearaes are paid. except at the or ion of the Publisher. All subscription. will be continued ut less otherwise ordered before the expirE tion of the year. Any person procuring five Subscribei and becoming responsible for the samt shall receive the sixth copy gratis. Advertisements conspicuously inserted 62J cents per square, (12 hines, or less, for the first iusertion, anti -3. cts. for ene contionuance. Those published monthi or quarterly will be charged SI per sqonr for each insertion. Advertisements nr having the number of insertion4 marke on them, will be continned until ordere out, and charged accordingly. All conmunications addressed to tl Editor, post paid, will be promptly an strictly attended to. ME SSA GE From the President of tie United State to the two Houses or Congress. at th commenceient of the Second Sessioi of the Twenty-Sixth Congress. Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatires. Our devout gratitude is due to the So prene Being for haviug graciously conti nued to our beloved country, through th vicissitudes of another year, the iuvalua *ble blessings of health, plenty and peace Seldom has this faivored land been so ge .aerally exempted from the ravages of dis ease, or the labor of uhe hu-ianclmoan mor< -amply re'varded; and never before havc our relations with other countries hee1 placed on a more favorable basis that that which they so happily occupy at thie critical conjuncture in tile affairs of the -wurld. A rigid and persevering absti nence from all interference with the do mestic and political -relatione or Other States, alike due to the geniu and dis tinctive character of our Government, ant to the principles by which it is directed; a faithful observance, in the managemeal of our foreign relations, of the practice o1 speaking plainly, dealing justly, and re quiring truth and justice in retutru, as the -best conservatives of the peace of ntliors, a strict impartiality in our manifestaltio of' friendship, in the commercial privilegei we concede, and those we require fronu others these, accompanied by a dispobi tion b, prompt to maintain, im every ener gency, ouir own rights, as we are froni rinciple ave' to the invasio t of those o| others, have gjvesi to our couintry and Gov. erninent a etanding ,:- the greait fanily ol altions of which we halV jtust cause to 1) proud, and the advant.'ges of which ar experienced by our citizenS ;hIroughott every portiot of tie earth to which the. enterprisimg and adventurous spirit m:y carry them. Few, if any, remain insensi ble to the value of our friendship, or igno rant of the terms on which it cant be ae quired, and by which it alone can be pre served. A series of questions of long standing, difficult iu their adjustimeti. and inportantt in their consequences, in which the ri!hi of our citizens and the honor of the country were deeply involved, lave, in the course of a few yars, (the mIost of him durin! the succeekful ,jdminist ratioin of iny mnnie dliate predlecesso.r) been brought to a satts facetory cotnclusion tiantd the mtost impiort ant of those remaining are, I am hafppy t believe, in a fair way of being speedib andt satisfactorily adinusted. - g~th all the Powers of the world oti relations aire those of honorable pece Sincee your iadjouritnment, nothing w.rit .has occutrred to atterrUptl or treatetis ih .siraile .bairmnony. f (!toutS have lua r aboive the uothe.r hemnispberti, they have nio cast their portemious shdionmW tin Ott happy shores. Bound by nto en:nra ihg al liances, yet linked by a commnon itutr and interest with t'e othierntations of mit.u kind, our aspirations are for the preservam tioni of peace, in wvhioe solid and civilizin triumphs all mtay participate with ai gene rous enindationt. Yet it behooves u-atn b. prepared foir any eveit, and to be alway ready in maintain thtose jtust arid enlight ene'd principles of nattural intercoutrse, fat which this Government lhas ever cont-end ed. In the shock of contemding emnpires it is only biy assuming a resc lute hearmtit and chothintg thtemtselves with defensiv armor, that ntetutrail nations c:tn mt:iittai their indetpendeni rithtts. The excitement whieb grew out of th territoirial controversy between th.- Unite States and Great liiin. hnving in great measutre subsidled, it is hopedl tlam, favorable period is ai~pronaht tor ts 11 nail settlemnent. Both Governmtents moa now be coiivinced of the' udangers wit w hich the quiestion is fra-:ghr ; and it mmn le their de,:ire, as it is their interest. th: this perpettual cause of irritation should b removed as speedily as pratcticable. I mny last annual miessne~e you were imforrr edl, that the proposition for o commtinion' i epllorattiont anti survey promiised by Gre; Britain hand bteen re-ceis ed, ati that a cour ter project, including alwo a provision . .th. certain nd flmal adjust ment of the lin whole extent of the boundary north tlong ( the Western hank of the Sabine river, from s its entrance into the Gilf of Mexico to the thirty-second degree of north latitude. The commission adjourned ont the 16th of June last, t.a reassemble on the Ist No. vember, ihr the purp'aoe if esta llishing aC curately the intersection or the thirty-se- i cond degree or latitude with tihe western t hank of the Sabvino nd merediano line thence to) Raed River. It is prequied that i the work will be concluded inl the present season. The present sound condition of i heir Ii- I nances, and the spece;s with which em harrassmtents in regurti to them, at times apparently insurmimnbialle. have been overcome. are matters upon which the people and Government of the United I States may well congratuiate theimsel es. An overilowing Treaeury, however it may he regairded as ,an evidence of plttic pros- , periy, i -eldom conducive to the perma- I I nent welfaireo tany people ; andl experi- 11 enee has demontrated its incompatiilitv I f with the saintaarv acaion of politieni insti- a ttions like those of the United Sttics.- n Our safest reliance for fintucial efficiency a uni inlepeadenoc., has. oil the contrary, s heen1 found to consist ina ample resonrees : unencumbered with debi ; andl in this re specet, the Federal Government occupies a o singularly fortunate antd ti uly enviable po- i sition. I) When I entered upon the discharge of s ty official duties in March, 1837, the act Ii for the distribution of the surplus revenue it was in a course of rapid exection. Nearly a twenty-eight millions of dollars of the putb- di lie auottics were, in pursunce of its pro- b visions, deposited with the States in the r iontis of Jantary. April, nnc: July, of c thait year. itn .I:y, there occurred a gen- h cral suspension of specie payment by the tu bank, including with very few exceptions, pi those itn which the public monies were de- w posited, and upoa whose fidelity the Gov- w ernment had unfirtately made itself de- t< pendent for the revenues which had been In collected fron the people, nnd were indis- th pensaile to the public service. This sus- sc pension, and the excess in hanking and it commerce! out of which it arose. anti h which were greatly aggravated by its oc- sa currence, made, t a great exteut, una- sc vqiilable the principal part of' the public n money then oi hand ; suspended the col- d leetion or many miltions accruind on maer- li: chants' honds; and greatly reduced the a( revenne arieing fr'otm customns ald the pub- ti 1hsudtis. Tftetae' e-tvtt - ltsYo.ov ItI.m-net to t1t operate, it varionas deerces, to the present at peril; atd, itn -iddit min to tle decreas in di the revenne thus produced, two and a half re millions of duties have been relinquished it by two biennial redtctions under the act of* w 1833. ani probably ats mnuch more upon el the importation of iron for rail roads, by lt speciai legislation. sc Whilst such has been our condition for I the last four years int relation to revenue, sc we have, during the same periid, beeni i subjected to an anavoidabale contiuaince of' of' large extraordinary expeinse4 neces.4arily a trowiang ont cfpast trasactiois. and which p colid not le immediately arrested withon u tt great prejudice to tihe pulli iiterest. of' ir the,e, tle charge itin the Treautry. in ir conaseajience ofl the Cherokee treaiy aloine. t" witihout nilverthinl tio other anrisin; on of (it Indian traies, has nlrealy exceeded five vc millions caf dollars; thit fori lie proeentiot, eI of measures far tie removal or the Semi- ti ncle Indians which were find in pro- ex -ress. has been nearly fourteen millions, of and the publi i bilintgs have reiptired the p tasual: stim of netaly liree tmillimns. I It aflords me, however, great pleasure to ft be able to say. hint, from the commence- Ipl ment of' this ierid toa the premne day, eve- a ry demanrd upon the Government, at hitme or abroad, has been promptly met. Tiis tno ha., baen alone, not onaly avia hout creating na a pe'ranena't tdeblt, cat a resort tat additioni- It .1a a taatniint nyv 'ot'i, haat itn thte mtidlst i ,af a steacdily pr'ogr'essivie re'dnetiona ocex- h) isting hiurdents u patn te peoplea, leaing it still a can~iieablie balance ofi availale y' fundcs wichl will ra'emiain in thei Trreasuiry e: a t the etnd of' a lie year. Thela smalnl tamntnut ti cal TIreatsttry tat tes, tnat e'xceeing faiur antd it a htalf matilliions ofi dtlaiItr<, still oatm 'tandting, na and less lay swety-thrieea millionts thatntu te Untited Staite'i haave in diepta-ite awitht the ti Stattes, is ctmtposeut of snehI ontly as5 are i atot yet doneti, or' hatve noit bien pr'esentced It f'or paymentt. 'lThey may be a'reemed cata it caf thett ac'ringt r'vctnie, iif tilt ex pendli pa tutres doi naot exceed the amtaout witin st w httch theay mary, it is a tought, lhe kepat at, without pirejudiceo to the pubilic iterest, hi andi the revennte shtatl prove to be as large tr as may juastly be anticipateid. p Amonutg ate reflcects arising fromt the ii contemphiliti of these circumts tnces, one, al aot the least grattifying, is thte conlscious- hi aness thIait zte Giowronentt'at haad the resoln- ti lican and ability tia adhliere, itt every emter- is genecy, to the sacred obtligationts of law; to nt excc'tt all its contracts acrdling toi the s< reqauiremenits caf that consltiltat iont, aind thtus il to pireseat, wh-len motiat niieeed, a ratllyinig ,' poinit, lay whichl thae business ofi thte wthole , i cotutry mtight hte btrt't back to a saf'e and y un tvary'~ing standl ard--a resualt viatally im. e paortanit ase well toi the intetrests as toi lhe e moatrails of thc peopjle. There c'ani statelv al ntows lie no differentace of opiiont itn resgan'i ? tat the inealetablle evils that woualda hiave ta atrisen if the Goveirmnlentt, tat that critical s tmomtaent, had suil~arced itself to lie dlerareid s f'raom taphodling the tinly trute st-mdlardl cal a value, either lay the praecanre cal advet'se e eirenmastantces, or tile v'iolentce of nuamerit- s edh denaitnion- The ma'nnier itn whiich e' the peoiplei sustaitned tho perftormance of e this duty, wias highaly hoanortahle to theiri fortituide and patriuotim. It caninot fail to t snimniate thec.ir tagents to adhere. undea' all 1i'cfnstanlces. to the line of duty ; and to atisfy them of the safety with which a curse re-ally right, aud demanded by it fi anocial crisis, may, in at community like ars, be parsuaded, however appiaretaly eveie its immitfediate operation. The policy of' he Federal (overnment, n extinguishing a ranpidly as possible th. taiional dleht, and .uibisequttmily. inl rcsist nii every tetrptatnon too create a n. w onie, leserves to be ret;ar ded in the tanme favor. ible light. Among the many objections to I untioial det. tie certain teency of aublic secirities to ecicemrate'uiimnately a the coffers of foreig stram'tholers, is me which is every day rathering strength. \lready have the esotrce of many of the states, nnd the future inlmaitry of' ilu-ir ci izen, been indefinitely naurmraged tia !le ihjects tfi Eiropeani (overtnmenaats. 10 tihe imntat of Iwelve million, antnually, to ay the conta~t!lv iterruing interest or >arrowed'money-a sum exceeiniae baitf lie ordinary reven aa of tle wile UtiI . The lretext which this rebatio:l frords t) fori'ieiers to sertinaize the iia :aPnaement of' foar domlesic alfaiirs, if naot caldally to intermeddle with '.i , pre ents a sniject .for earest attention, not to ;y caIV reril"o; alarm. Fortiuaiely, the :caeral tiovernment, with the excelption f an oblitiation etmered into inl behalf of ie Di-trict of Colutmiza, whici must soon e discharged, is wholly exempt fromt aity jch emb.Arrassment. it is also as is he eved, the ontly Governmect which, hav ia fully and faithfilly paid all its credil rs, has also relieved itself entirely from ebt. To aininain a distinction so desira le, and so honorable to our naticatial cha ctetr, should be an object of earnest soli tude. Never should a free pele, if it a possible to avoid it, expose themselves the necessity of having to treat of the mace, the honor or saetv (of the Rteptublic, ith the Governments of fireign creditors, lo, however well disposed they may be coltivate with us in general friendly re tions, are nevertheless, lay the law of eir own condition, made hostile to the iccess aid( permaueney of' poli:ical itsti ticons like ours. .lMost laumili-atin may the eihmrrassments consequent upni ch ia condition. Another objection, arcely less fcrmid able, to the corn et. ent of a new debt, is its inevitable teat ney to increase i& mtogntio-i, na) o. ster national extravagance. lie has been I unprofitable observer of events who 'eds at this clay to be admonished of tie menilttea Vtiutetn n Government. habitit ty cdependlent on loais too sustini its or nary expenditires, has to encoiunter inl siting t!e inflaences constantly exerted favor of additional loans ly capitalists. ho enrich themselves liv Government se irities foar mountits much exceeding the oney they actually advance-a prolifica urce of individual aggrandizmnta in all irrowing cotintries l ay stcakhotra c, n Ih0 ek their gaittns in the rise and fall ofl pub stock- ; and by the s-lIish importunities applicants for aippropi iations for works cwedly foir tle accommodation of the ablic, bitt the real olbjects of' which are o frequcnttly the advantcentir (of private terests. The knwmn necesity whirh so any of the States will be under to im-t isawtaxes lor tihe piavment cf tho itnterest It tcit' delbs, furnishiles an additinal id ry co-tit reasoi why the Federal Gov uiment should refrain from creating a i al det,. by which the people would be 1 poased 14) doulble taxation for a similar ject. We possess wvithin ourselves am e resources lar every etergeney; atd w e ny be ciite sure that our citizens, in tno lure exigency, will bae unwilling to stpla y tle Government with all rho inmas ked fi'r the defence of the couniry. I!a r ie ofl eace there call, at all events, he ajtstificalion fr the creation of n per. t anent 'debt bay atho Fedler'al Gnvertnmentn. s limited ratnge of' c,aiastitutionial duties ny certatinly3, undcer' such circumsatanc'es. a perfomediac without suach a a esoart. It as, it is seena, been avotidled dur'ing foutr :nts oaf greatet' fiscal dlillienhtlies tI-ant havei sistedl ia a simniksr paeriotd sice the adopil t mi cof thle const itution, aanad one alsoai re-a atrkabhle for the ioccurrence of' extraardi cay enusesca~ of expaeniaelnres,. IItii i-acciomplish so dla'i rablle nit obdeet,t go) ahiings are inadispettable: first, thara e action aif lhe Fedei'al G~cve'rianment li'e aept within the bouarcaics pre'scribedc bay thau'ilers ; anda, secondacly, thrat all ap-' -opiationts for ojcts adlinitccd to lie con lintticonal, iad the expleniintro of t'emi so he sutbjc-ctedl toa a staandat cof rigicd at we'll cainsidlered ;amt pracie':al coana y. The first decpendls chtiefly ian the peu e theamsa'lvesa, the capintiotns they focram ca'f e trtac ccn--trutctiona ofl thae cunstittiion, tal thte coanfidenace they repaose in the pat icalsenitimeicnts ofl those ihev select as eir'repr'esentatives in the Fedleral Leg anttre; te second rests tupou the fidelity ith which their inore immediate repre n:aivas andi oilher publhiic fuinctionaries, ac'harge thec truatt c'ommiaitted to aboem. lie du aty aifeeconomiaizinig thec expenises caf t e puici service is adcmitted can aill thand<i; . there are few suibjae tluptn wvhichl there ists a w'ider cdilf-renc cafopinican i han is minn~aitly muanifestedh in regar toic tho ft elity with which that auty is dischtarged. ccticer diversity cof sentimtent, nior evenj itnutal recriinatiaitts iapcii a phint ini re ,teci to wihaich ata he uli' mnindcs sc just ly 'nsitive, can well he entirely avidaedat itc leatst sat nt per'icids cal'great politicral cx itemnat. A na intelligent tiecaple, haowever, lalom frail tat arrive, in thai endh, at correct nanc'lusicons in such a matter. Practica-l conramy in the imnagemet cafacublic af airs can have no aidverse inifluence tea nco enda with mcare paowerfuil thtan a large scar lus revenue: and the unusually large noa poitical power, coiferred fIor the general lion lit, Iit) the aggra.dizement ol particular class. (s, and the grantzicanion of isndividual cupidity; is alose Suncient, Independently of the weigh. ty objections winch have alre:ady been urged, tn renuer its creation and e.ustence the sources or bitter anti unnppensable discord. If we add to this, its mevitable tendency to produce and luster exniavngiant expenditures ui' the public uonwey, by winch a necessity is created for new lomais and new buideins on the people; and, lially, if we reter to the examuples of every Gover:.neint % hicit has existed, fbr proof how scidum it is ti.it the sy st:i, wheii nce adopted and imiiplaunted in the puhcy of a conmitry, has failed to expand itself, mitti public credit was exntan.sea, and tie people were no longer able to endure its incieasing weight, it seems im possiose to rewst tie conichonitiui. tiit n4 bene, ais resailsii roill IN cartser. Io CIent of Col. quest, nu ac.essaimis of w ealta to particular c:azms, nor anly, nor adl its comin~led advant;A jes ca.i coulti.rb.jlance its utitmtte but certais Leit.-a1 p.ji-eud..1 git vermiint, nJ an im. poi ortsaed peoseii. t ai na,.a hWank wais, a1s is udeniable, re pusil:a: bj Lile Iausers of tie co..sti:ution as 1.acomipiatise with the rights of the States and Ile lisbert-es of thle peoine, if, forom the be;;in 11111g. it A:as becis iegande. hy saiportious of 011r cili.ens Js ca ii4 in dieC co.dli-in with thai. greual anid vita: ainenzdiient of tie cunstitu ins, Wivlen ciant es tIt ail powers not confer red by t.tt Issnusuielt on the o.ieneral Uoverna ieinit are reserved tu tie bt..tcs, and tothe peo ple; it it ha, beens viewid by tisem as the first .reat step i tie marci oftltiltudioous cunsstruc tion, wlich unieiecked. wuid reider that sa cred insi umsent oh as little %aoie as an iinwrit tell contilntoin dependent, as it would nione be. for i~s utacasang, on the inerested bnterpre ialoisl a 1 uumianit party, and affunrding noi se curity to ate rigms t til: minority-if ftuch is utdeniably tue case, what ratiosal grounds could havie been conceived for anticipating tuiint but determined opposition to stunn an ia. sittuni at the present day I Coni. a dilierent restnit nave oel expected, when the conse itences which have fiowed frot its creation, sltiz particslarly froin Ii struggles to perpettt ite its existence, hail cunfiried, in so striking Simtan.:r, the apprehensions of its earliest op puuens; when it had been so clearly demon. ,trated. that a concentrated money power, wavading so vaist a caplitl, uh combinims snel ItCatru:1h1ibe s110.ans u snthisence, isisy, in those pecualtr cusoijunciures tit which tisj Govern neast is uniusdasby exposed, prove tis over: niate's foir tile isictal power of Vi~e peopUPI stwins Ives; wsen tile true chiaracter of is ca aut.sty to regiunte, according ti its will and its utetests, and tae stiterests Ot its 1- - ria. ta, lueines . an1-- - - - --'"s.11 . priserty -cery ina s i is exteided country, had icen so fslil and fearlitll, deieloped; when it vts noturious that ad classes oh this great cou, misity had, by mnetis of the poiwer and inliu. :nce it thus paoissesse5, been tifecied to mad WeAs itn aianIit ufiisedlevo speniljiiu ; wlen t nad bCeis aei tuar, secur in tle sup1spoit of t: coibinIatioiI of iitiueices by which it was itrisiaded, it eou.d violato its cuarter, and set; he iawsat . wehe witlh nnpumiv , and when,. no. it h.d oecame iosust apparsnt t'iat to believo nat siacis anss ac.tsinitaitnoit of piowers cats ever P graed wmntiout the cerainity of being a-. )sIled, was to iistai.,e lit a mtat delusioi lo tiasid tile 1eCcsit, oi a perinajent debt Lud its itsevniaible Coii"c ieaen.s, I have isdvoca. ed, anid ende.ivile to carly iutu clict, t:o )oney of coifiinng tile appropriationss for the mubse setvice to siish ulecis oly as are clear. y within the Coinstitimtlonal autiurity of the 'edera:s Giverasineit; of exc.ading frum its ."P)CsC. tiuo.e uinprovtident anid sanaiiilhoriizedt patnt-0i>ithe nmony ior woirlks of internal op11irovemiient. w.jIchi were so wisely larrested ,y tie ConsutItinciln.l iii.1u-rsno. Im of imsy pricle. essor, and ii l.ati, i 1 tte naa not bs. icuecked, rontiid log efol i tin., jise yit vi: involvel th0 na.ces if toe General 6o% iejm, in eibar ussmets iar giater tisan t %e which aIre low ltsenienced ty tiny sI thIse .ae;.of liiiiig 11 ouir expeadire to that sunipile, uostenta ut,. andis s.conolmii admiiniratiton of poulio "ars. l hieni 1: auiso congstein i with tae char uter ofour iiss.itutions; oh co:eetiing nnually ssni the CIsstittis, iand tie Iles aI publc lands, revenre fuly :tdesiate t-> diray all the ex enses Ithus itcurr, if, bst, mud- r li0 pretence ihatsoever. to inpose IIses s11:. tile ciplie t,> :re:iter aiimi t totan was actually i.ecessary tile publiiic .srvicv, cadlneted tupoa :he pain ples I ave stated. lin liesn of a naiaonail banki, dra depeondece po banks uhaisy de--cription, for thes manage iseit ot our liscai iht:rs, I recommzieidedl the lcstopstn cif thei systemi n.' lhiV~i iow inl success dl cperattions, 'Trat sys5teit aiffords every re mac:u icititiy hor i:C erantsaictiona 01 tise pecunt.. nry conscernss of the U.im ernment ; wil, it is. onussiently antticipated. pi adu c .in othier re's eets miansy ot the benecl's whicha have beets -omi titmet to tume expeucted trom the creation of' nauts na. hank, but whiichi hasve tnever ben re lized; avoid the mamfinold evils inseparabio rout stneh atn insstitmsion; dimsiniish to a greaterr xtenst than cionshs by .iny othesr meiasure of re srm, thei patronaiae of the ledcral tioveru. mutt-at wise policy ilniall Govs~eraplts, biag sose especiailly so in uone like oprs, whsici, oirks well snin p hroportion as it is made to :ly for its stupport up~oin the~ tubiascd anmi na~dsn tetrated opissonis of its constiumints; do, way, forever', tall depessdence on .corporate mhses, ujither in thse raisimg,. colledting, .iafe eepiung or di:-btrsing the pusblic r.eye.isne ; andy lice the G ove, iltnetnt ieqully abosyejhe temip itiotn of hhst erinsg it dantgernus andI ,nnconstiu untal mitut tun at home, or* adnjstitg its poljcy >the ei-ws ai nd isteres:s of a still sissre foint abils paswor a road. It is by iadopring andrc casrrying nt thes:- prin .sple-, ssnder ein-eumstances th~e tost ardniou.: ni disiionragiog, thast the attempjtt hiss beni muile thsns lir sauccessfsdly. to densiass rate te hes Pophle ofi the Unite.l .4ta'es, that a tnee tI hask att -dl times. ansd a nastiusicl debt, e- " t he inscurred at it periosd whens the hoi ..cept afety of the inaitn demasnd the tein,. .iur anid 'ilice of pshecy, whsichs shsstlou i .- .'orarly sac d ini sutch exi-zetscies, are nlot j li iabansdon-. arv, but itn dirct andh d. mnetelyt unsneces. iriciples or their Gov idly hsimnitty to ihso wn permansenstwit, .ersinienti, andc to lte ir The proress r d .hs positiir- ..'tadt) a tho developemenst of'. fh thie pri.. -- "P*.ears itn thle precediing sketch ..fcstl~ero istt-d. filhfy auathiorize thse ns sertioni. t'.at tall thse puirposes for n~ hich this: Goverr'nment was institusted have beesn asccom. hslis'h ai dring four ye:'rs of gseaer peeiaitry eni'.nnsrrasssmenot. thn.. were over heforo expera Stnced in timeo of pence, andi in the facie oh op, poseition as fornudatble as ainy that was over be fore arraved nist thh nnihic' r -,. .......:.s propriations for 1837 may. without doubt, independently of the extrairinary reai itions for the public service growing out of the state of our Indian relations, be, in no iticonsidter;able de-greesraeed to this source. The sudden and rapid distribution of the i large surplus then in the Treasury. and the equally sudden and unprecedenttedly severe revulsion inl the commerce and lin biness of the country, pointing with uner ring certainity to it great and protracted re duction ol'lie revenue, strengthened the propriety of til earliest practicable reduc fion of tit public expenditures. But, to change it systemp operating upon so large a surfiace, and appiahble to such iul'erous and diversified interests ad ob jec<, w;, more thian the work of a day. The atientiotn I). every department of lie Goivearnmient Was immledhiately, and inl good fai h, directed to that end ; al has bteei su r:0otintited tl tle preent inient. T.-e estlimates and appropriations ffor the year 103;3 (the first (over which I hal cntrol,) were somewhtviat dimini;,bedl. The expenl litires (if 18,39 were reduiced six isillions if iOililars. 'I liaise of I11. exculve of li-sbursements il'r publi debt and trust iluimts will probably not exceed twenty mr and a half millions ; being bet ween wo and three millions less rItan ilitise of he preceding year an nine ar tenl millions ess than those f 18:7. Nor has it been 'buid necessary, in order t) prodlce this esuhi,t) resort to the pouter conferred by longress, oi'postponing certain classes of hae p-ublic ,vork,, except by deferritig ex entlitures for a short period upon a limi ed portion ofIhem; and which postpone neat terminated sone time since, at the noment the Treasury Department, by 'rther receipts from the indebted banks, Iecame fully assured of its ability to meet liem without pre-judice to the public ser -ice itt other respects. Causes are in ope ation which will, it is believed, justil'y it till further reduction, without injury to ny imptortant national interest. The ex tenses o sustaing the troops employed a Florida have been gradnmily and great y redneed. through the persevering oil'ori, if t. War Department; and a reasinable aipe may Le entertained that the necessi y for millitary operations in that quarter vill soon cease. The remov:al of the in ians from within our settled borders is , -..ay . . i. 'rle pe tision tist. OttO fthe hetaviest charges upon the Treasury, s rapidly diminishing by death. The tnost cost ly ofoir public htildiisa tiro either hiished, or nearly so, and weatnay I think, ifely promise ourselves a continued ex mtt plion from border dilicilties. The available balance in the Treasury 4n the ]st of January next is estitnated at me million andl a half of dollars. This utm, with the expectel receipts from all ources during the next year, will it is be. ieved, be sullicient to citable the Govern. neut to meet every engageme:t, and leave i suitable bahance in tle 'lreasur'y at tihe i! of the year; if the remedial mesuire.. Iinnectel witi the customs and tle puliic atds, herettfre recomincdeld, shall be dloptel, and the neiv appropriations by 'otgress shall riot cnrry ithe expenditures eyond the ollirial estimates. The nuew siystemn estailisllhd by Coigre.;s Ir 'te satfekeeiii- oft the pitbl:c moneym prao.-ri- C or the kind of etrreci y to be r!c:-ived for the i nit tic reveiue, ad providing.r niditioni: guards I tad secirities against losses, ha ntow ieen r averal months in operation. Although it a light be prematUre, siun ai experience of a ich limited duration. to foi tl ma deliti e opin- ti mn in regardl to the ext.4it of its influences inl a rrecting amany evils tmier thich the I'e.!- a ral Governaunt and the couitry have .;ier- 1 I stil'ered-especially thtoso tha hav grown .1 a oi banking expnn.ions, a dep:ciated cur- i micy. and olficial det1ihcatiotns: vet it is il; v ight to say, that ithilting has occutarred inl the -t ractieal operatin o' the systein to weakent in t 1e shlitest degree, but much to strceigthe, c to conatident aticipatiotns of its friends. Th roundsi of these have b-ci en hretol~iae si t'iliv ti aptlainted as tat requhtire ina raecapitlaion. lit n espiect to the facility antd conivetnienice it af nt rds imaioaductinig the piubtic servicem and the s titity tot the Govaerinment to dhischarge thrn.:~th q S azgenc~y every dity atiendanit aon thae coillec. ait, trmuaahrr, and disbursemzent of tr:e publicm c ionley with pmmilptittdle und sncce~ s, I canii :t, n ith cinttidence, that the aipprehen'tsions I f those whou tfelt it to lie thaeir daily to) oga poe tttadiptioni have provead to be uiionntidead. tin a te contrary, this branach ad the tiseutI ntthirai ot to Go~vermntient has tben, t.nnd it in be tevedl t say at ways he. thus carried ali witti eve-ry de-.t irattln Izaciity anid secnrity. A fewv ebianutes a tid itmpirovemtents itt the details aathe utysii a vithoaut ad'ictinig any pin tcipres ttvolve'd int it, wad ihe submhnitted to yau by the secretar3 of r rie Treatsiry, and witll, I aim sure, receive a. our hiatds thazt attentiotn to which they itay, ii examintttiaoit, he littumi to ho entided ' Sna'., deetmed this brief smtotnatry of otnr sealt atlinrs necessary to the doe ptertiirmtane f a ditty spiecially atn.;oinied utpotnime by the t onstitutiont. It will serve also to tlltustrate t tore fully the ptrittciples by waich I have been t itidedl int ret' ren.:e tat tw o contested poinits inii atr pulic poiacy, wvhich were eairliesItat their eveloplemtenit, anid hatve been more tptirtatc a thteir c'onseqttences tant aity :hat tiavae it isen tmter otar comip icated a..d dithi.:nit, y el adui-, able sys emt of gaovernmem:a I :aItude to) a naa otnal deobi and a ntaitnal banak. It n as in th;.se tat the pailitictat contetsta by 'vltnchI toe coutntuyj us baen ;agitated ever sinace the iauption ot' tne onsti: itwo, in a great mteasure, oragmated ; mtd dhero is toutotmneh reasotn to tapgtiattend *uat thte conftlictinag initeresuts nad oppoasing tpran :plehsti thtus artshhbeat, wvdl ct~aiaue, as heura ut'o, to) produtce simih~ar, if tnt aggravated aunseqcelt'tLs. Coinig itnto office the declared enemy of aoth, I htave e'arnestly etndeavored to prevt-c resoart to eithea. T[he conasiderationt that a large pnhlic de-bt ufords ani apolhty, and prawdnees itt somae de tree, a niecrssity atlso, tor resortinag to a sy stezar, nual extenat or xation which is ntot onlty p tressive throuighott but likewise s"t apt tot earl, in the enad, tat tte commnissioni of that mos inhaos of tall ofl'ences ngaintst the principles ot rooiuencn govrnmtenit-thn n~s.,:..oa o Government for its consideration. The answer of that Government, accompanied by additiotnl propositions of its own, was received, through its minister here, since our separation. These were promptly n considered ; such as were deemed correct in principle. and consistent with a dtte re Sgard to the just rights of the United States and of the State of Maine, coneurred in and the reasonas for dissenting froii the re e sidue, with ;n additional sugfe-rion on our part, communicated ay the Secretary of State to M'r. Fox. That millister, not .n feeling himself sufliciently iistructed upon some of the points raised in the discussion. felt it ib he his duty to refer the matter to his own Oovernment rot its further decis ion. Having now been for sonn tone un der its nlvi-ement, a speedy anzwer may lie confidently expected. Fron the cha racter of the points still in difference, and the undoubted disposition of beIt parties to bring the matter to an early coneltsion, I look with entire confidence it a prompt i and satisfactorv terminaitoni of the Iego t tiatiotn. Thlree commisioners were a1p. pointed siortly after the adjournment of Congress, under the act or the last scsion d providing for the exploration ind survey of the line which separates the States of Maitre and New Ilamipshire from the grit ish Provinces; they have been actively employed until their progress was inter rupted by the inclemency of the season, and will resume their labtors as soon as practicable in the ensuing year. It is understood that their respective ex s aminations will rhrow new light upon the subject in controversy. ard serve to re I move any erroneos impressions which mnay have hEen made elsewhere prejudicial to the rights of the United Statce. It was. ationg ither reasons. with a view of pre venting the enbarrarsmients which, ins our -Iecutiar systei itl'gnvernimetnt.impede ani complicate negotiations involving the turri torial rights of a State, that I thmuiht it ,lmy duty, as you have been inforied on a previous occasion. '. i,r npose to the British Government, thro' its tinitister at Wash -ingtotn, that early steps should lie takcni to ttdjust the points of difference on the line of boundary from the entirnneo of Lake Sir perior to the most Northwestern point of the lake of the Woods, by the arbitration of a friendly power, in conforiry with tLhe seventh article of the! treaty of Ghtent. No answer has yet been returned by the British Goveranment to this proposition. % ith Austria, France, Prussia, Rutssia, and the remaining power or cue .1e, i ai happy to infori you our relations conti hue to he of the most friendly character. With lelgitn, a treary of commerce and navigation, based upon liberal principles of reciprocity and equality, was concluded in March last, and having been ratified by hlie Belgian Go erntmenti. will he duly laidi before the Senate. It is a subject of col gratulation that it provides for t hIe satisfac tory adjust ment of a long siatailing q1uestiont of controversy: thus renovinz the oily obstacle which could obstruct the fiendily r and tnumially advanutaeons intercourse he . iween -tie two mtrions. A messenger has r bien despalched with tIe llanoverian trenty to Berlin. where, according t) stip ulationt, the ratificatiotti are to tie exclantrg ed. I am happy to annonnce to you that. aftir many delays and dillinrilties. : treaty ,' comnmetce rnd ntavi.-mrion. between thbe United States and Portugal, was coueIln ded and 'ignied at .isbon. on the 26th of Augusi l;st.!hy the Pilenipotentiaries of the two Governeriintue Its stipulantios are fimnded upoi those principles of mututial liberaliy and advantuge which the United States have always sought to make the basis of their intercourse with forei!tn pov .ts, and it i, hoped they will tend to fos ter and sirengthen the commercial inter course of the t.o enicuntries. LUder the Opprpi(lriations~ of tihe last ses sion of Ciongres<, atn agent hazs been sent to Germnatny for the purpose of promttotinig thre iterests of our tibacco trade. Tihie commiitissioniers appoEit*ed undtier the ciinventtiion for rthe ailjutimitent ofi chtimtas of r citiz.enus of the United diates upotn Mexico, .having tli andtu orgaized.C at Wastthinrgion 4it An t~ts Ilait, lie praplers int the ipos'sstitn of r heu G overinmen itt relating to t htose claiis. Iwere commnrunricatted to the Boaurd. Th~le e laitms nit embttraede by tat conEttiiion r re tnow thre subject of ut-cgoliation bietween .the twio G1overtmienrts, thftrough thre meicdi . rim of our Ailinister ait .\Jexico. .No hinrg haus onccu rrezd tio dliatinh the bar mony of our relatiuons withr the (Govern rments of South Amrcica. I regret, how ever. to 'oe obtligedl to inform you, thtat the eiims of our citizens uiponr the late Re putbic of Colinobtia, have not yet bteen sa .tdred h-:, the separarte Govcrnmtents into r wich it hias been resolvedl. . The charge d'allraires of Brazil having experessed thre inetion of ihis Gotverni. ,rment riot to prolontg the treaty of 1828, il ivwill cease tol be obliurztory tupotn either a party uon the 12tha day of D)eember, 1841, whenr ith' extenrsive commercial itter e course between the United Staties and that ci vast emrpire, will nto lonrger be regulated : by exjpress st ipulations. ;r~ It atlerds lie puleasure tot commzuanicaite . to you, that thre Govertnmrent Etf Chili lase a entered intol air agreement to indemetnify bi thIe claimanits ini tire castE oif ahe . lacedonri i an. for A merican priiperty seized~ itn i8i9; i airi to add, that irnformaztionu.has also breen e received, whrichr justifies the hope of an n ently adjustmen~t of thre remnainring claims rupon at Government. if rThe comlmisineflrs appoinated itt pursu it ancre of the coinsention between the U~ni ,- ted Stares andi Texais, foir marking the ir broundary bretweent themt, have. ac-orditng r. to thie lanst report received from ouar coti 'h tnialogers, surveyed aod established the