Miscelaneous.
From the Cidirator.
WHEAT CULTURE.
of all the crop- cultivated in the north
eru or middle parts of the United State-,
the crop. par excellence, is unquestionabi%
wheat, Its intrinsic value as ain article of
food, its importance us on item of expori,
it, infliuence ou trade, and its vast sway im
regulating the exchanges and commerce of
the world. reiders it every where a crop
of the greatest consequence, and particu
larly so in this country, To raise goidt
wheat many things must he kept in view;
the nature and texture of tie soil-its qiual
ity. so far as richness or poverty is con
cerned-the kind of wheat most suitable
far cultivation undter time circumstances of
the case-ilie clean liness and preparation
of the seed-thu titme and inethod of sow
ing-and in short all the tiings that go to
ameliorate mhe soil and secure a crop,
must be attended to, rendering the grow
ing of wheat one of the most arduous as
well as profitable occupations of the far
mer.
A good wheat soil always contains con
siderable clay, but it is Fo balanced nod
corrected by other ingredients as never to
be cold and sour; if such is time character
of any soil, good wheat need not he ex
pceted. Freedom from superfaious mnois
lture ir stagnant water, is anm inldislpensible
condition of a cood wheat soil; and when
such exemption does not naturally exist,
it must be produced by draining. A moist
cool clitnate is found not to be unfavorable
to wheat, if the roots are preserved from
stagnant water, and are allowed to range
in a previous soil; but in any climate wheat
will fail where tihe soil is saturated with
water that does not circulate. To give
the requisite dryness and depth where they
do not exit, draining and deep plowing
may be relied upon and w here these go
together, with proper manurimg a soil can
scarcely fail to improve, or to beo produc
live.
Deep plowing, on most lands as they
natmally are, amid ott all lands as they
should be made, is essential to good wheat
crops. Time roots of this plant penetrate
in a permeuble soil to a great depth, and
spread to a considerable distance. The'
single fact of its being provided with two
sets of roots. one of which spreads near the
surlface, and the other strikes deeply, is a
suflicient pronofr the necessitv which ex
ists for deep plowing its clmue. In a few
instances sulbsoils mnay he found which
will nor admit ofdeep plowiig, heingcom
posed of materials injttrionts to time wheat
crop ; but great cropi of wheat are not to
be expected on sich soils.
The application of manures is a very
essetial point in growing time wheat crop.
Land can be too rich, as well as too potr
for wheat, or rather tie manure in the soil
may lie in that condition which render it
unsuitable for wheat. Th'ere are some
crops on which fresh or unfermented ma
nure exercises a good effect, and to which
it can scarcely be applied in too large
quantities, corn for inance; while oi the
others they produice results of the most ot
favorable kin'l. Nearly all the cerealuse
arel, injur(d by fredh mantires. the stalk
growiui too vigorous. while tho herry is
usually imperfect. Comupost mannire, or
such as are made by layers of turf. stable
manure, vegetable mould, lime, &c. in
which the decomposition is already effected
cant scarcely be applied too abundantly to
land otherwise well coustimuted. The
great crops obtained around iold barns, or
other decayed oor removed buildinmgs. is a
proof that largev quaimit ies of decomiosei
manture maty safely be used. wvhile a miuchm
less quantimy mtf tfreshm or unidecompotsed
wvould be fl1tul. Onie of the gretest e vils
of direct maniurinig fhr ilhr: wheat cr'op ari
ses from the liabilimy of gramin sot mantured
to lodge. The rapid growth of' time seim
rendmers it unable' to supjport its own we'i:t
it is sitft amid flexible. cc ataiti much less
silex thani thotse gtrown in a poorer soil; ithe
wheat does not usually pem'fect its herry',
and at all titmes fromt time thinniess anid
wveaktne.ss of its skoin or cuticle, is motre lia
blec to miidew or rust. These thinigs ren
der it certainly unadi.mble, unless tihe
laud is very poor andI reduced, to apply
unftermeeted~ manntirc to wheat.
Tue to utioni if "rapt, has Itorniebed the
menians of aply.ing, i'h emittmanure adlvanta-.
geoumsly to cro1 4. amid at time samte imne re
taimdng its principal value for' whent. 'The
cutltivatinnt ol r'orn or root- m abernationm
with grain eropt. clover, &c., gives the
farmer the meanis of greatly inceaezsing his
crops, and at time samte time contJ:aum lv imo
provinmg his sail Ft may lie considered ais
a setmIl-] maxim itt agricultu mre, thant l.i id
improtve< little orm none while tnothinig is
growsing upon it. It is the general ac
kntowl'edgtment of' this trothI. that has sub-t
stitutedi hoed or green croips for ntaked fail
lowvs, in time preuparationi of lands for wheat.
Peas and clover aire amont time hb's! crieen
cr'ops to psreceude wsheat, and time latiter imayv
be c-nsidcred insep~arubtle fr'om the smic
cessfutl culmur'e oft his gr'aini. Corn would
be one ol'm le ver'y best crops to pr'ecedle
whleat, could it in all cases he removed
fromt thte lanid in seasont to gem in time wheat
proper'ly. Thelm thorough mnamuring and
tilling requiired for cormt, ptuts the grountd mi
good condihtion for wheat; an~d shiouldi ex
perience prove that very late sown wheat
is mnorc safe from dancer in winiter, and~
more productive than that sown a litmle
earlier, a resulh said to lie establishted itt
some oif thme best wheat counttries ini Eu
rope, limi crop of cornt w ould cease to be
objectionable, and conisidered as nearly a
clear gain.
There is a practice wihich has prevailed
to a consiiderahle extenit itt our wheat pro
ducing districts: of. growing wheat after'
w~heat several times in succession. Such
a system of farmting deserves thme severest
reprehtension, and will never' lie adopted,
except by those who are itt haste to lie
rich.n ma tter at wham price, and in defi
ance of acknowledged conisequences. Far
tmers miay hove succee'ded ill raisitig goo~d
cropst mn this way, where time soil was of
the finc quality and excellent audaption
to wheat ol'nmuch of our westernm land, but
ntint "hort onf the most immperiouit necee
sily cani justify this procedure, or molerame
such a departure f'romn time corr'ect princi
pIes of croppin!. Land, which has once
produced good crops of atny kirnd of graini,
mia) againi he made to produce them; and
un der skilful trantmpnt landls w'anl neve
cease to yield good crops, where their first
cultivation proved the adaption of the soil
to that particular one. The worn out and
exhauxted soils ofNew-England can he
mude to produce as good aid as plentiful
crops of wheat as they formerly did, but
the labor and cost of restoring would be
itlinit!ly more than would have been re
quired to have kept thei continudlly ler
tile and productive. Crops have a speci
fic food. which may be more or less pletit
ful in a soil, and without which they cannot
be btought to perfection. Take for in
stance a worn out eastern farn,. A litber
al supply of fresh mtanuires will give all
tite growth necessary for a great cropi of
wheat, btt will it fill the berry ? will it
Make stick flour as the wheat of western
New-York! We know it will not. The
prinripal essential to the perfction of
grainl cant only ie restored by time and
skilfil cultivation to such soils; it would
Ie wise then, where it exists, to prevetit
its decrease or its exhaustion.
It is unhappily too true, that on a larg
portion o our best cultivated wheat lauds,
the soil has become so infested with a va
riety of foul and noxious plants, that a
course of naked suminier fallow, thorough
ly perfrormed, has become necessury to
counteract them, and prevent their itcreas
and spread. On clean soils this wou ll not
he required, hut somne valuable ciopt mithi
take its place. and thus add essentially to
the profits, while it lessons the labtr of the
of the husbandttan. so far asjthe- operation
of sttmner plowing was concerned. The
onily alternative of such fitllows is hoed
crops, and these must ofnecessity for the
reasons before given. be too litnited, to
seriously ef.ect the propriety of fallows on
weedy land. Spring crops, such as bare
lv, oats, spring wheai, or even peas, do not
allow ofsullieient culivation to check tle
bpread of weeds. The sowing of such
crops ott land where the canada listle for
instance aboutnds, is precisely he treal
ment to Make it spread and flourish. The
thi-tle. stein krout, rharlock. &c., will sae
cumb ntly to plowints anti hoeings so oft
repeated that the tmttilated plant has no
titne to recover frotn one blow before an
other is given.
The preparntion of scet, and the quali
ty of that sown, are obtjects of she greatest
consequence. It the most favord stec
tions of ottr country there are but few
fields of wheat in which stiut cannot ie
detected, and in a cotmutry so favorable to
the perfection and purity of this grain, as
the best wheat districts in the U. States
are, none at all shnuld be suffered. In
Europe, continual care is requisite to keep
lteir wheat free, and in the iest wheat
countries the crop is altnost wholly exempt
from smut. here but a trifling attention is
requisite, & the consequence is, it is fotind
aitnost every where, ant in some places
to the cerious injtry of the crop. Now it
is well understood, that soaking or wash
ittg wheat in brine, anl drying it wit h caus
tic slacked lime, will elfecrally prevent
smut, as well as benefit the crop it othtr
respeets; t sow wheat therefore. without
suci preparation is voltitarily to incur
the risk ofsmutted wheat, and the ittevir
able consequent loss. There are some
other stbstances that used as a wash for
wheat appear to possess the power of de
stroying stnut, such as copperas, vitriol. ar
senic, &r-., hut as nottc are more certain it
their operation, or enn be used with les
trouble or danger than lime, the applica
ion of that substance is undoubtedly to I
preferred tonny other.
The kind of seed used, and its quality,
are thing of tot) ttutch cousequen-ce in the
ulture of wheat to le left to chane.
There are ttany varieties of wheat cult
vatet, soe very prodtctive, ad soeto
ripenittg latter attd othletrs earlier, atnd thest
kindts in stowing shttutt be chosen withI re
ference to thte sttil andl locatioti. V'atr
ties whtich ripett at the samte period, tmi)
sotmetimtes he atdvantgeottsly ntixedl, ftor
fotr sowing in thle satme 1kid; bttt thtose tht
ripen unequ ta Ily shottld be carefttlly kept
separate. Some vartieties tof wheat tnay
stantd itt the fieltd longer thtan others btefttre
ctting, withoutt dlatngr of the seetd sh'llistg
or wasting. Thtus of the t wo kinds of flint
wheat, the white antI the Catnatdiant, (thne
latter a comparatively new variety) if thtt
last should be allowed to statnd aller artri
vinig at maturity as long as the first cani
lie pertmitted with itmpattity t) tdo, thte lttss
by shelling would anmouttt to tno smtall por
titon of the ct-op The first tmaiy stand al
most to attit thte cotivenience oif the huis
bandtman, wh ile the last tmtst be ctut ae
sootn as its maturitv will admit, or certiit
losses will bte ittcurred, and aneatrly thet
same remarks will apply to sone other
kinds. Thetre .are somni fartters who
seem to thittk that any thing that is itt thne
shape of wheat, howevetr itmperfect or de
ficetive the berry, if it niill ontlygt ow, may
be used as seetd. Thtis is very mistakett
policy, it is itmpossible thtat the young
plant should lbe as sigorotts atid as perfect,
wh-len sptritngirtg from defective and shrunk
en seed, as when growitig from thtat in
which the peculiar prtincipiles of the plant
are fully developetd, atnd the get-intation
comnmetnces without check otr htidt-atnce.
The seed tat ripens first itn the ear, anti is
seperatetd with thne gtreattest ease, is the
most prnoper for seetd, as thtese circutstan
es show it is the most ttature. A far
mner in one oif the northtern stares, a few
years sitnce was itt the htabit oif sellitng large
riuatntities of seed wheat annutally antI at
high prices, as his whteat was of sttperior
quality, very heavy, andi productive, and
stpposed to lbe a nesw varity. It ap
pearedl, hoawever, that he had brought his
wheat to that degree of perfection, bty se
lecting sotme of the finest ears fromt a field
in the fit-st place, atid then instead of thresh
ingthe whole crop growtt atit using the
sted promiscuotusly, he gently beat thte
sheaves over a barrel, by which only the
best anti most perfect grains were cepera
ted, and by repeatetd sowiOn hand rentderetd
the qtualities so desirable permanent. Thte
quiatity of seed sown differs tmuch in dif
fetent parts of this country and in Europe,
Perhaps the English ttse a greater amoutt
of seed titan atny other people, andI their
crops are certainly not ofteti exeelled.
F'romt two atnd a htalf to fotur bushels pet
acre are there used; while htet-e the quanti
ty varies from tone to two atid a htalfhusht
els per acre. The getneral itnatity is a
out a bushel anti a half. Where wheat
is stown late, more seed is requnitred, as thne
wheat dotes not tiller or spreatd as much ;ts
wheti stiwn early; and when thte hterry is
unnusnlly plump amd fulimorn is eqn'i,.
ed than when the kernel is lighter. As on
soils too, that are not rich, a single plant
will not throw out as many stalks as
where the land is very rich and fertile, it
would seem that on such lands more seed
would lie necessary to seed it properly, i
it is elear that where bIut one or two staIk.s
,Aoot from a root, these must lie were nn
merous than when a rout proluees half a
lozen.
Opinions among fatrmers have been
somewhat variant on the sujPect ofehalig
tog seed; but we think unless more paili
is take'n to originate and preserve good
oi a fItrn, than now Isually is, there is es
sential hen-fit derived from such chances.
Wheat is certain to succeed better on lands
not naturally alapted to its prodietion,
when the seed is brought from a good
wheat soil or district. For many years
the farmers of large sections of tho we
tern districts of New York, where the'
wheat crop at that lime was ilit to fail or
imn t, hu11 n proli inl sending somne twen
iv tr forty miles it procire seed 'from the
best grain districts, and the crop from such
wheat rarely failed in producing graitn of
good quality. There is also a deeided lid
vantage secured in brinigig seed from
lower lands and a milder clim ie, to cI
vated latids, or a cold moist elimate. Such
a change of seed renders the mountain
crp eat lier and hetter than it would he it
seed from the same neighborhood wa,
usee. Professor Brown has otn this sub
ject the following remarks. which are un
doubtedly correct. as they aire foinded ont
the experience of) ibha 'll 1tdm en in the high
and lww land-i ot Scotland:
"We are convined that the cultivator
of a nontitnoos district, if he alwav
used seed from his own crops, would reap
later and later htarvests, so that at last
they would with, dillicnlty be brought two
maturity; a circumstnce easily explained
by the coiparative shortness of sumner
in mountain distriets. If, ot the other
hand. the cultivator of a flat country, the
climate of which i-, mil. and tit'e soil dry
and light, cointiually made use of hi,
own seen, it would head every year soot.
er, the stalks would liecome shorter, and
the heads aid grain smaller. aind in titmwe
there would result but a poor produce, in
this last ease, the cuhlivator brings his seed
with adlvantage from a country or districi
more cold. the soil of which is good and
submtantial."
The instances in which hentit has beeti
derived. (onl whar are called beerbi und wm
ple laids. iy tsing seed from oak lands.
are so numerons that almost every one
must hie familiar with them. The al
vantages to this ease, however we mway
choose toexplain diem. cannot with pro
priety lie di1iptmed.
As to the time of sowing wheat, it may
be remarked, that very early sown %% heat
gets more firmly rooted, than lier sown.
and it conseqinence is less liable to injury
from freezing outt. Vheat nia he sown
so laite as tiot to erminaite tintilhe severi
ty of the wmtter is past, or the geatest dlan
ger from frost is gone by but such late
sown wheat is far more liable to the at
lacks of bliht or rust than tla' which ri
pens early, or which is so f;r advanced I
before Ite close, hlo, showe-y weather, i
that marks the advent of lisi commen
ces, as to lie safe fron inJry. On ther
other hand, late sown wheiiis verv cer- i
rain to escape the lessian ly, which it
has to encounter. It woIt seem then <
t-it ii here whcti is li:ale to winterkill or
blight, early sowing is Ito be pieferred; ail i
that wliere the fly is prevaint, sowing
should llw delayed as lonag anossible. Ii
mawiy be addelld, that some !xperimeit
woul11 Seem tot prive, tla' itt ltricts wheret C
thme tnheat worm has beetiso fatal ti
spinwg w'.hear, very Ilate sowitt, lby delay.
mne tlhe earning of the wheat utril the pe
rnod of lie witrmt fly w'as pused, wouii
preserve the ('roll.
Thewre ie titwre wheat lost o thte huts
bantidmani fromt thIe siwtgle cais of ni intewr
killitig, or f.eezintg out ofthe emntd in thw'
w"intter' or spirini, t hant there is i this cwoun t
iry fromt t ltercawses puit wgeher.
T1heo ~wrst perirod is itn thle mmbts wif Febl't
tuary wir Matrebt, when thle gtroId is han a
wilstiow, anil thawin g mniild day are sttr'
eededl by sharp freezinig nipts. Thi
freezinig ex panuds thw' strfacee atwer, lifts
hte rwots frwom thIwei r plare a li ti at eachlt
tie, and hby successivew freezini~and ta w t
ing, leav es the plantt withtout at hiwhl tip.
on the soil, antI ctinsequtrently tiperish.
Iheavy soils are mtore mtpt tovinterkill wi
grain,. thani gravelly, or hiuht t u s lhesw ai
canti retann little ~wter. It wi se'emt tw a
he a nteessariy inflerence, thlen, tm;t ir-k
owugh draining swucht soils as are an to wint w
terkill wheat, wwould prove a retidy, an itrl
theory and fact itn this case are (ndl toa- el
gtree. We have lately htad the pasture of wi
seeintg beau tif'ul fields wif grawitrw ing al
on lands, ft'tti wvhich a few yeardure thw th
prowd uctiou of wheat would Itave -eii im- ly
possible. Thrwigh draining a retno- it
vewd the water that formerly satutedl the
swil, atnd biy freezing ite swrfaceprueven- C
ted the liftinig oiut pirocess that ahys ac- tr
compatiies the freezing of'wet eunids.- o
It is useually the case thtat stch nt'etrounds mi
contain a kerge: suupply of vegeithmiatter., It
and dr'aininig render's t hem so piueriv'e, im
thatt the pirofit wif a single crop untfaar'ntly pl
repays all the expense incutrred ini e im-~ fu
prwvetment, leaving the lanct, whiritn its st
formier staite was tnearly wvorthiless-clear 01
gaini to thle husbiainman. If'rt on onno~ n
farmts the nmeans oif trench or ti-ough w
drainiing are nowt at handl, suirfacelrains
tmade in sucht a mianiner as to carry!' the
water that falls on the land, shonhl cona
structed immediately a fter sowinigeoim- ist
pletedi. By preventing such wir re- ta
mraiming itt, andr conisolidaitinwg thlanid, oc
grain is less liatble to tie thrown ot anid w|
thowigh far less bieneficial, or permntt in wi
its clects, thant thor'wngh wdrainting.rfacre ar
drains shtul not he omwiitted w'her here hr
is the least danger fromt excess of ater. nei
74
The most imnport ant getion fwir auing foi
lady to ask, ~wen al mant "pops theu-wes- si
tiot;" i-,''Do ywou take a niewspapiandl ri'
paytjfor it." Alwatys have a dish hot4 le.
waler htandwy, in case lie says nto ;lii he de
says yes, pin himt-he's your mtan all at
mecans. -Boston Rep'ublican
And we would advise tmwen to wht theo tai
abhove quiestiont is pttt bwy a lady, to uwer I.'
it bty asking hter' if she pays down'i ' all of
the articles shte gets fromi ithe sto; lie 61
ready uc riyt il'she ays n, if shiays; 3~
yes, you "pin" her-she's the sal forou. B'
Kn- Star. | 1he
From the Carolina Planter.
TIlE STATE AGRICULTURE.
Now that the all absorbing interest of
our elections is over. and the excitement
dimidnishin. nill our friends think a little
of tour A-,riciiltural Society.
Last nt inter we imade a favorable com
it enreimeti-t lie large delegli n i ol plan -
rers and farners to the Conivention seene'd
it) promnisiti l better thines for Agrieuitare.
rie renewed iiimiiipi to eatitlisth a gen
eral Society to enlisi the iiiiceice of gen
ieitien throuiighout our whole State. is
woori ty of outr tiost !trenituous exertnions to
advance. Our peliple are so much in fh:
habi of->nnmencing every initii mn ..
ier onl a grand scale, nr.d th,-n e divig way
that it beronies u, to look well ito tiis mat
ier, and impress u pon our meimbers the
nteCessitv of a continance of their etloris
In the flictuating condiitiot of the value
Of outr staple ptodnes of' several years
in the general adversity which prevailS
thriouiOm outr whole country-with our
coiimtterre eibarr'nLIsed-tur finance tie
ranged-our crops short. nid a necessiiy
fbr rigi dmestiic economy, oiri policy i.
tit give greater atlention to our prodnie
whicb is consminable aniongsi us. With
the extreiiely low price of out staiples.
we still have to furnish the snime atoint
of mentI, cloiihiig, medical airent ion &e.
to our netires-our chbilren's edicatilt
has to he inhi for. and the ordinary ex
lien-es of It viiig have to lie inel-our iaxes
to lie Sinie are not re.lceel, nd the calls
of charity are increased. and what mio're
% alu ia.le rm-nits are silopteil to ail ts in
.iiir brto0ken fonutaes. ihanii with unaii-ity
and earnesiness to ita oiurt shioilers to lie
wltt'el oftnomestic :iaricult tire. and improve
our conictiin at home. If we eaniot
proluce, n, tiih saleable material as we
desire to briig its itlivioney. we can save a
gre'at poiti l4'otin r ex pens'se v at tending
;I little iiiore to oit iii ine'diate nece,-siiip<.
A lthiough inty of our platters who have
'111)11 lndiis, lhrgeu forces nl' nerioe<, and are
free tromt debt, can alford to miake cotton
it lie low prices 'which have la telyv exi%
led. stil there is a itimereus clis whil
enlnllit c'ompete iith them, or wi:h the
pluners of' the fertile West. It is tle in
Ierest of all the class to look iore now to
formin! than to plattina-to iinproving
their lands, dividing iheir sinples and giv
ing their eii-rgies to the culture of the tie
resities of life. This class or planter..
whose laids are worti. have eit her to dis
Ioe of their lands nod negroes, or ren-,v
1ii oth.'r anl more produrtive soils, or to le
altilled to)i use stu'lch means are within their
power to renew lie enpacity of their lands
it is iieroming every year a inesiontit )tf
improiance whether our lands can coim
prte with ihe West in prolciti cotton -
ind when 1lie imimense extent or countr
' clonsile'redl which is yet to lie broughi
to etlnivation; and the iecessity for l
orers to work thlt soil. it is doubifiI
whether we c"in produce cotton at ilth
prices which the seadily increasing pro
.luir will ttece'ssurly illice.
The numifiber of* negroes inl the Southern
States is limited-the lands extensive: in
he Sotmli-western States it is a well
tuownt faict 1hat the increase is coiipara
ively trifling-not at all to be compared
with that in Soulhiern and Middle Sintes.
I'ie tendency of the derianid fer silaves ii
tiwards the new innds ofthe South-west,
Ma comt t linuLnie in the depressed price
ltiutr staplees. will necesLinrly lead our
>lanters to sel thetm whe;c the product
s such as will ea ble profits ito be marde
f that st:Ible is alone to bo depended
iron.
When the presnt cbaenrraersnieit of the
:ititry .4h;1ll bte relieved, arid ilte duici
ies of t he Sou th weste.rni llanlters re
nedc, there rio; beinhg ettngh nretroes int
lie cou ntry to ncultivatte one hailf or the
uestrn lanrds, tieit' value will lie enhanett
it. The loss front the climm~ie ail a
mallI interese oithdat class or laboerers in
lie West anda South-west. will ranitie ai
oniitanit dlemntii foir them w hichi will Itake'
temr fromti outr planters who ate still plant
ii norn out pilmntionis in our state. Ii
saidit t hat in Vir:.inia at this timei there
re tbit fecw to bie hail, Landl even niithi the'
resent prices tradieers arec takent them of)'
SNew-(Orleants.
Tlhe lime is tnot nlisttit wuhen many of
nri planitter's oft pOor Lindu exhautsted soilsI
ill not lie alei to keep negroes at a pirice
tat wr-:dtern lands will fix upon themt.
Iilihermes us all theI.re'fore to lookl toI
rir miniif ebancrte-the imp trovcement ofotir'
rit'iltuire-toi eive mtore of our atirentionit
md thoughts to Icir soils, to be able lto
'ep whit wet hiave., and make our own
-leans proefnable. If mnih will considler r
lecniino h giutr f the old
tunrieis, anid looek at the imtmettse pro. Li
acts of ihicir staple comp~aredl wiith' ours.'
id see the constant atnd persevet'ing ef- I
is ofl their' agriinilturists, it must certain- 1'
iii'ess themt withb a beclief that we can
somrethtieg ifI we try.i
T1he efforts n'akintg hit the East Indiia E
omn iiy toet horovue the curlture of Ciii- i
n ini the East I ldies is wonrty ofr ii'h
itice, atbhotugh the Iprobability is thi;
ircouiniry can pcroiduce it atlways at as
wV ai price as any otther-still t'ammnels ii
uty exist iu the formi o~f impijosts t hat imay s
'event or coipelitilin wi-ithtemi at ~- a
Itire time. IIloweve'r, timiler alt Iecicum- r~
ttnes it is Our dutv to exe'rt ont'e'lves iniu
ir own cause. We nieed aiin iproved
rictultuire, and, with a proper elfort, we
ill have it. 0
---- h
I NTE RESTING STATISTTCS.
e'r contlainis some interesting statistical a
bdes iin relation to thn tnumbier. sex, ae.,
coptionce and nativ'icy nit ihe foreignpers c
in arrivetd int this cotuntry in lS39-thie e'
>ole compthiledn w'ith miuch labour f'romn the "
tnual rephort of the Sec~retaury of' State.- ft
appihears fro'm thtese taibles that the wholen
oiler air pausenger< nr ivedl in 1834J, is. e
,066, oif whoiim 70.5(09 were ntiiv is of re
-eign coimtries, tand 4.157 of the Unuired
ates. Of the whole naimber,. 47.G88 an
'e at New York, 10,336 at New Or- n i
men, 6,081 at Baltimore, 3.949 ait Phuita
lphtia, :3,0413 Lit Boston, arnd the residue in
othier pltaces. i
As in hiirih-34I,213 were of Great Bri- il
ni, 19 474 if G -rmieanv.7.I99 of' Frnee, 4'
313 ofl Prussia, antI 2.108 oh' nithter p)aris ni
Europe, mtaking the wi'hole from Euro'ipe ii
.'227. Texas furnis-hed 24'40. Alexicoi I :
3, Cuba~ 831, antd rhe West Inadies and t
iiith Cocleonies the residue, chiefly, of'the it
As to occnpation-37,666 are represen
led as having none, but in this number are
included 20,081 females, and a portions
of the 15.166 males under 15 years of age,
which will account for the larger part ol
the number haviug no occuiation. of
tihe ascertained occupations. 12,401 ap.
pear to he farmers, 8,930 imechaniets, 7,S7U
laborers, and 5,6:33 merchants, (or the last
probably a ctonsideraIle n mber are A meri
cans.) There wer,- al-o 571 mariner<.
14elergymn. 54 physicinats, t96 se;nm.
streses, and 208 clerks. [hi remainder
.qf tite iv: ole num er ik d:vided inmong
various bratches of business. The far
ger portion appear to be in he enriier and
middle period, of life, a, only about one
tenth, or 7,195, are above .10 years oIt age,
while 51,073 are between tihe ages of 15
and 40.
Fron the I'estern Carolinian.
*'W HIG,''
ITS GLORY lAt DE.PARTED.
Every American kuons th:t the nate
"Whig." was adoipted in the Revolimn.
ry War as the distinctive title of the pat
riots who took part for their country in
tat great struggle, in oppositiotn to ihat of
Torff." the odious and reproachful epi
itet of those sided with the British arms.
For this it was endenred to the hearts of
the A merican people;-its sound brought
back to our recollection the glorints events
of that tite when our father, raiked in their
Might anil east ofllthe bonds of a foreign
detspaotism; it is not crrance, then. thnt
their ch-idr-in shouid huld it in dear ani
altost sacred rememnrance. The Fed
eial party. wil itheir charaCteristie cit I
Irap irienity. have taken advantat-e oil
this verieration f r n:me, to turn it . a
count int their contest for power, It ntever
was used as a erm to leAianate any set of
principIts;-iiM er w;as the appellatiioi
ofany politica party in this country. Af
ter the Revolution, two parties sprung tup,
the advociates of dillerent politiees and dif
'ret characters of governtet. These
poarties were then disinguished as Federal
ad Republican. h'lle Federal p-trty, al
way.. opposed to the principles of a dfemo
erntie government, have been repeatedly
dlelated in their sirmgles for power, and
now, at last despairing of surcess under
their old baniner. and old party name. they
have discared it, and apppointed the title
of -IIhig,"-First, beeause it is a name
dear to the Americtn People from old as
sociations. and therefore caculated to mil-,
lead them. Ani seconlyv, been USe ii
mieans nothing in itsel 'politicall.j, bit may
as well cover one set ofpoli:iral principles
a another, and so afford., a very approved
-loak Ior ancient Federatism,-hence, we
ind it elaitmed by this party exclusively.
ntot alreays claiming in irtmer tinvs)
without the shadow ofra richi. uit yet a,
insdienaly as if they alone were ettitled to
distinction eqially borne by every true
Americtn in the war. The name was
once dear and cherished, hut however
much it may be allowed in the recollection
:t the past, its charm is lowt. No irie Re.
publieau cares to claim it now. It has
been prostiiutied-haisely prostituted to the
foul purposes of party subservience and
has outlived its ancient honers. Such as
it now is-he self-aipplied appellation of
hunagry oflice seekers and hard cider gz
slers. we claim it not. 'Tlan people see
that Whigismu is hit the a/ias of Federal.
isn. The Repnheican party have need of
naies other than that whieb has alwaiv
listitgiiished thei. It was left fir Feder
ism Ito cloak its own features, deity ir
dentity. put on a mask, and wear an as
rmmed name when it dfare not stand ex.
'esed.
Great E.rptlosion, at .Spiheadlagainst the'
rruck of the Rlo'jal Gerge~ -ly far 'lhe
no04tmagnmificenit exhibuit ion wihichi has
re' ibeen ni itnessed of the enormious lerce
tfguntpowvder whieni explotdedl under wa'er,
otok phi~ce ott Wednaesdaty hist, at Spi ,
wntd. Tlhe charge, whtieh conisiee of1
wtenty-five barrels, or 2-0 lbs. was pla
id ait the depthI of eleven faithoms an td a
inif, or ,abotaI seventty feet un der the siur
ace, neair!y over lie original position (of
he forehn'tehtwnty of lie old ship. n heni
;'1. Pasley's pre pnrntive triampet soundied,
il eyes were turned to ti:e latunch where
intennnt Symonds Sttood with the ends
f the connueering wires taftlie voltnia hatte-.
y itn htis htands. Scarcely had the niordl
eeni given to "ire" and the trtuaer
ounded, when the whole aren was shaikeun
s if lay an enrthquake, thae surfiice becnme
ulled like the top of a glacier, and ini ther
ext inst ant, li'eraill5 in less than rtwo se
untds, rho water bulged upj and rose to
te height ofabout t wenty feet. after whtich
sotl of second burst or htulge ocetarred.,
Ihicht projier ted the -ent ini hnge nmsses,
ig h ittto the air. Such w as t le vioilenace 1
f this elibrt. rhtnt thei sp'ray wvas thrown
)tmp~letely o~ver alhl the adjnecent ve-ssels
:a dreningtii shower, atccomanie~d bh e
y eniss of wintd radiating fromt the centre. .
'arious estimtaies were formned ats to thec
eight of the -olumiins of water. Somte I
-en:t as far as I ; feei. andm some ats Ion:
50. The :ommottitiona in the ater, amid
te oceatn tf moud, dead fish. atnd other fi
pntproms of violenee wvhielt sprend lfar
tid tnear, gave every promise tht the ope- a
nit n wilt Iantswer the purpjose which Cole
:-1 Paisley has itt view.
it
lIst in Canauda tnow conaists ofneaarlyotne
unidred thoauasandl sonls. llThey have
irung tup itn it few years front iery smiall
Leinnaitngs, andh tuder many disadvantIa
:s. It is taut tmany yeatrs say the Qutebee rI
;azette, since the onily Methodist pareach- t
-in LowerCannela, wats intcarreraied -ev-,
-al months in the Quebec .Jail, for libel; ;&
ail in Upper Caniadia, there were only a
w wvandering Missionaaries. They have a
aw taumteronts su~bstnttial churches; it,
allege of their own; and many able arid s
spectable preaches. i
h
Nacval A4rchitecture.-lti is wort hy of re- h
mrk, that the prnportions of tho Britishw
nteena steamt~ ship, the lasti great ellibrt tf it
iaritne archtiteiture that has initere-tedl the r
orl. tare exactly those of Noauh's Ark,.0
e first thait was set afloat. proving thm t
J100 years of praact ionti cience has (dione el
,thing to imprtove t he dimxensiotns of fluat- rr
g hiont4. first givetn bv the great Btibiler h,
' lie Universe; anid if the critical ebiarne- Ii
r of i'iese' lrpr ione dumly coansidered, pl
tay affibrd eavidience of alhe Scriptnre thi
irrative. The breadlth of thc Ar .., a.... ..
one-sixth of the 'ngth; the depth thereoj'
ono enth of the lengt. The British
Queen is 40 feet 6 inlhes wide; stem to
sttrnt post 253 fire; aloft, whole detik
~9 making the siuare depth 24 feet 6
Inches. The Ark n as twice as long as the
Queen.-London paper,
EDGEFIELD C. II.
InURSDAY. OCToBEst 29, 1840
After being a whole week curtailed of
its fair proportions, our paper is restorded
to its usual dimensions. We shall enden
vor: keep tt so. We hateLillipuiian pa.
pers, Lillipttrian men, Lillipuiian politi.
cians, and every thing appertaining to
LilliPiti. Though we do not admire
periodicals of the gigantic'order, we can
niot endure your little thumb paper con.
verns. We love the golden mean in these
ats well as in other tbias. Itrshall not he
our fault, if the Advertiser does not retain
a very respectable size hereafter.
Storts broken open.-The Store-houses
of severn I of our Merchanr, have been en
tered r-cently by thieves. Some of these
liglt.fiogered gentry entered the Grocery
of .\lr.Boyre, and stole therefrom, tmoney,
and a keg of ehfoice Jamrnica Runs !I
Though advocates of temperance, we
wish hat these thirsty souls had drunk of
the liquotr to imloxiention, and bad tbus
beetn tllable to get away.
We have heard of other outrages per
petrated hv rogues. within the limits of the
ton n. It becomes the citizens generally,
to be on ihe watch. Companies of Patrole
stioubl be active and vigilat in the dis
chat ge of lic-ir duties, in order to detect
these evil-doers.
The WI'eather.-For a considerable part
of the' present mouth, bright sunny days
shone upon us, and ile weather was op
p e'sively hot for the ieasou. October has
now exhibited its true disposition, and
warm cloth-ng and fres have become
idipensable for coimfort.
Faor a short time. the month was bright
nrld wvarm, and beautiful as a sweet young
girl of'seventeen summers. But no7, it is
cold and frosty. and sullen as an old maid
of forty.
Mr. Il'ebster's opinions.--It will puzzle
any one, who reads the subjoined extract,
to know %% hat are the real opinions of Mr.
Webster about a National Bank, the Ta
riff, and other questions of great impor
tance. It appears that in different places
tond in different hoitudes, Mr. Webster ex
presses disc.rdant opinions. on tite same
;ubjects. it seems, that le "fullows in the
ootsteps of General Harrison," -whose
ltactice is. tj' ndapt his opinions :o the
>lace and community in which, ho may
tnppetn to be. But who would have
ipposed, thaot Daniel Webster, the great
kpos'tle ol' Federalism, would ever profess
tmy belief' itn the duct rine of State Rights;
'an ii be believed, that stehl a man would
amll himself a discipele of JefTersona ?
"Mr. W~ebsrer's last great effoirt wsas made
it thte enpitatl of Virginia. Some account
~f the chiarnaeter of thce celebration, we
rnave alrendy pumblished from te Rich
ntond lln'juirer, I was very natural thnt
birannaneas in condescending for the ftst
imte to ennet the ele'eant fooletries of Punch
tod liarleqluin, shuld have lacked mucht
ef the ease atnd comapletentess that are toe
e gaitte.l oenly bmy custom. No mn can
irny extenopore to v'ery great ellect, and
aceorditngly they seem to have bungled a
riod dteat. Butt of thte whole proceedings,
61. Webester\ Speech wvas undorubedly
hie most e'xtrntordinary' part. Our readers
ire aware that at Butnkers 1Hill a mock
leielantiont ofindlependience, from the pen
Cf Mr. Webster, was put forth, which left
to room to doubt that the restorition of
he Batnk with all its consequences, was
be grea t object of the party as there repre
entedl. In his spe'cht at Saratoga, and
till tmor'e br'oadly in that since delivered
'efiere the merchants of New York, the
uty of' the Government to anationalize the
turrene?/." was the beginitntg, middle and
nl oft Mr. WVebsrer'<e argument. The
lahninisttration waes maintly denounced be
noise it resisteud such natirmlizing of the
ainking systemo. and because it was united
-itth ther Soath against the Tariff policy of
;ew L'ljed. We we're ml by a signi
ennit thrent that "the resobi of thiscontest
ro'ild showv whio wtere toe be the grindess
od whto the gron':d."
Such was Mr. Webster, the Northern
Vhig. Bute the South hnd been assured
y Me-srs. Preston ande others. that like
en. lIarrisont, Mr Webster was ....2i of
Sotern principles and feelings," ad
e ointg tio Richmond, i: becamie necessary
redeem the ptedige given for him. Ac
>rdingly Mr. WVebster in Virginia put on
le mtask of Stnte Rights Democracy, and
coke ihreo hours in support ol:e princi
is oft lie JTelersonian: school. The Edi
r ot.'the Petershutg Statesman says, there
as in t his speech no word of(Bank, Tariff'
id t he rest ofC ti.e favorite W1hig tneasures,
ted that on A blehit ion, he talked like a
'tuthern State Hights nmatn. To whew
ie teeimy of this faree, that Editor refers
ick to .ir. Cal hoiun's Resolution. em
elyitng thoI)e perinciples of State Rights
hie'b secture t he Soit h, constirtetioneally,
rai as: iterferetnce on~ the subject ofslave.
. Mtr. WVebster-, in a mtinrity of eight
nine, voteid aenimst e'very one of these
e'suthiiins. Siteh is the new disciple
Jell'rson !! Thes Virgintians are doig
re credit to thte chtaraecter of their State,
'siintg 1)nsutch a bald and pitifulgame.
.lt'. Webster is poor spirited enough to
nyv it. they ttimit least save him andh
emuselves lhe disgrace of layitng the scene
ithin thte bottndarics of Virginia."