POLITICAL. CONSTITUTIO AL TFA surr TSTEM. Ertract from 1fr. Duane's late pu-'lication, entitled a -Nirrative and Correspondence conce--ing ihe Rieoral of ti Deposites, and occurrences connected thcrewith: P HiLIVLriIA, Nov. 3, i3% I need not fror my general purpose, stop here to coneider, whether the U. :. bank really wa-.s a regulator of thii paper cur rency; and yet, I will brien15 consider that point. To show, that it never did restrain the issue of paper as money, all that is needful is, to state undisputed facts; that, in 1791, there were but three banks; but there are now upwards of sis hundred: and then, duri-ig forty of the intervening forty-six years, the U. S. hank was in operaion. The proposition, that the U. S. bank vas an eflicient regulator. is, therelre, erro neous. It may have kep: out of circula tion, as much paper of other banks. as its own amounted to; but that portion wts in significant, when conpared with the mass. ]esides. the U. S. batk had no such pa triotic design as has been attribiteil to it. If it excluded local bank pa per, it was not because that paper mturiously allected the public. but because its cireuflation interfer ed with its own'profits. Instteail of inter rupting the mischievous issue of local bank paper as money, it added to the volume of the current, which ultinatelv Mwept us ott the breakers, n here we now are. .My design. however, is not to diseniss thiet point. I desire to keep your attention Iixed upon a more important one, amn1Mely-t hat, aecording tt the statement of the friends of the U. S. hank themselves the original and true source of existing evils, was the unre strained issue of paper money. And now. Jet me ask, who are accountable for this state of things'? We all pirofes< to revere thent and their labours! Loud are otir boasts of attachment to the constitution! Let us see; whether we reallN know n hat tile labours of the framers (f the 'ontuIti tion were. and wheiher we have not miost shamefully uceglected both precept and ex am ple. The franers of the constitttion declared their object to be, "to promote the gener al welfare." Were they wi-we and skilfil, as well as virtuous? Or, were they in cornpetent to execute what they tider took to perform? Afier laboutrin ;it oar public edifice, did they leave it unhiaihid! Did they suppose, that it would ttudb down, utnlcss supported byI i te pruvs .f chartered hauk4? Did they erouider 1 bankwiteel necessary, to keep in muotiui the machinery which they had made,un-'. that without it, tihe nin-hitery wtil stand still! Did t hey sut-poe, that inn gress would be cormipellud. to si il n par, ! the sovereign power over the curren-y, io private and irresponsible persons, antl it) give them tle puill~c none*y to trade ti I-i. inl order to keep that tonev* safely? If such'is the tri, characaterof or puhui cal edifiee. and ifour pu blic agrot~ are such knaves. that the public money annot I:, safely leti, Air a short time. iti the'r hfat:, the world has been sadly inposed uponi: and, ottrs cannot he a "metolel reputelie." But those, who built that erdifiee were - ful as well as honc;t workmen: and Iei none of the consequent shami- rest -upon dhem, if their stccessors, itn the publie er vice, are not as hotnest as theinselves. l'h frainers of our cot itution, I repeat. were wise. They well knew, how humati hap piness could be promoted. and tly tid :l, that it was possible for them to do. to in sure its duration. They were aware, that the soil, labiour anid money were eleme-nts of riches, or of those things whlivt' montri bmute to human welfme-thatt those. thiungs are increased, iu pro portioni to thle fac-iliti-s of exchtatges & exchanges are mutltiplii, accordling tot the confidence,that; for pirodnue .tionis,m~ouCy may be ha~d on dtemnd. l hiey were acquainted witht the miigty resontees oif their count ry,and. wvith the imitport ;tnce of the use of the~ precious mnetail. for their developmcnt. They ktnew tat aill wise states, by the regulation of commerce andc by treaties. sought to keep in cir-cubitiont an abundanice of coini; and they had every~ reason to su1ppose, that the metal< in cir culation th ouighoutt the wvor-ld wonhIdl b adeqtuate to all legimiate wvants. TFh:. knew, that a system of commniercial credit, prevailed in Europe, whicht, without 'lie aid of paper of banks of circulat ion. ati swered all the purposes of tradhe. Thtty knew, that bank paper.issuied ais loans, is a fictitious capital: that it swells the circ-u lating medium beyond the trite want oif trade-enhatices the price of commoities ...-and drives coin out of circulation, it short, they had had a satd e xperience of'th mnischiiefs of a. pa per e-urreincy; amtI tdid till that they cotld do, to secure to posterity something more than a mere piromiise of an equivatlent. WVitht this view, and poseessed oif ihis knowledge, the framers of our coinstituttion conferred uiponi congress the power to reg itlato commerce, andI prohibit atny t-:x upon exports. Tolinsure the piresenice and pu rity of coin, they forbade the several states to issue bills of credit, coiin money, or make any thing but golil aind silver a le gal tendler. To maintain a metallic cur rency, and to protect the users of it, con grtess alone was authorized to coin money, regulte its value, and punish counterfi ing~ They also provided,that all duties, im pot and excises shouild be tiniform through out the Union. Int short, the framers of our constitution considered the guardian ship of the stitaidard of value, the univer sally received equivalent. thie measure of all commodities, atmong the attributes of the sovereiatnty of all states united; aiid they did allithat they could do, to prevent usurpation, or intefe'rence with it, ott the part ofany of the several states. So ioi tent were they upon making the currency of their own country: so -little inclinaution htad they, to imitate the parenteountry, in its establishment of the bank of England, that they refused to grant to congress the power to create a corpioration. - Such, try good sir, was the anxiety. the wisdom, anid the foresight of the fratmers of onir constittion. They never enter tained; nor has any person everentertain ed, the notion. that producetionis were to be carted from place to pltace, for the puirpo ses either of society oir oh governent. They niever supposed, that true credit cou sisted oh, or depended upon, paper issue as money. They well knew, that bianking, it trer signifient ina. w as not a tmodernu invention. hut liat it had existed in tie earliest ages, of which we have inturma tion; that exchanges had been at all times ellecied, through hankers if deposite; that notes of' banks of circul.ition are not the instrumtnts, for effeeting exchanges be tween the people of'one country and thlise of any other; and, Ilerelore. they well sip. posel. that all our excha.iges m ight be el fecled by neans of' productions, bills of* ex chanige, a;id coin. And, yet. inl titter cotempt of all that had been tihus done and forbidden, by the franers of our constitution, the very evil. and abuses, which they deprecated and guarded against, have been almost ever since i rank exi-tence and growit! Our country has presetited the unexampled. amd truly monstrou- existence of two so vereiitnties, each sellina to chartered com panies, p)owcrs, which the general sover Ei::tty alone can rightfully exercise itself. That is, eogIres5, to whoi the federal cott veniit ion absolutely reliSwed to arant a power to create a Porptiration, rievertheless erea te( tie, and sells to it, wha't it has no right to sell-a power to ikne pa per as tmoiev. The several states, ton, ihonih poeitively forbidden to issue hills of credii, or to coin, mtoniey-that i., to moeddle with the cur rency'-sell tochnirterel compa -nie a pow er todo. what they cannot lawfully do 'teelve.. that is. Issue paper money' Is it wonderfiul.ihen; that we hnve had ex tinrtsiots. revoliut ions, susieisiontS, and - c Itiquent distre'sses. Ci we look Gr. ward to an exemption from them. while the existiig anomalousstate ol' thingsnshall exist? Miscellaneous. Professor Espy delivered on Saturday even'n: the lUIh ins, at Clinton alll, ilhe first of' hi,, Ietitre on the causes and for' mation of l'nds and storms. A bunt two liidred persi we.e present, w ho listen ed Witlh great aItteiion ar.d intcrest liv co4 m1metnced his leet tire ly sine tlhe prin'i pes from w hiih his itery ofmitici eirolo2y is deduced. These, lie observed, were al reaiv well known to men of scietice. ilh' heircontseque'nces had tiot hiiherto hi-en traced out. le showed that hv c'oldi n tle amo.pherv, at the suroiloce of the earti down to a certain legree oi temperature, a l'e or vi- le Vap o, or whl in a highrt Trgioni of the atnosphet're is called clouid, is al.ways pro-luced. Tiis de::ree of tiem periture is en led by philosophers the dete iti, il it is higher or' lower necordin Is. Ite gII -ifiv (if moisture containied inl The .o phere. If' the atmatoQphere'e is hi' h-ly chitrel with mi inisture, n slilt die I ' t i l or th:: :eIpi'iraitre will e'le't the :hI mmQti nimlly drv, it mstt be -h :'abfl more. Prol'.sso i'.s py .hen *', d :1' Ihuw of temperatuires -.:d~F-:-o higtf the Mert ropotis, at Washington City, to -ob he Batik of a large stnm of money, ~ame Ott Tutesday last, and afrer a patient nvestiaaution befrbre an inuelligetnt jtury, he vas acquiitteil. The jury were absent but afew minutes. The defence set til wvas hat in receiving the money from M2r.Ormec, e dlid it with ito eriminal intent, hul the athter to preserve it, and he kept it for the ime he did, in order to screen M r. 0. from &homi be had formerly received favor and cinness. The trial of Orme was, by con ent of the cotunsel on both sidesu, posit poned mtil the ensuing term of the Criminal 'ourt. Immense Robberies.--Steamboat Rob her.-T1he Johni W. Richmond, on her rrival fromt Providence this mnorninlg, wvas etatineti some hours in the North river, in :orisequenice of a passetnger (J. WV. Frgrris, Esq of Boeton,) having been robbed of papers valtued at 830.000. Part of the money was found, but the thief was not ound. Big.ger yet!-. The Cashier of the Batnk > Uiea was robbed last nigh;, on board he steamboat Swallow, otn her way front Aany, of the snm of $400,000. The rogue ias not discovered-N. Y. Times. r This statement is contradicted.] A letter, from Watrretnton, Abbeville District, state< that although the spring vas a dry one, the corn and cotton crops ook well, and will yield gooxd returns on es some disaster occurs. -The Districta s generally heaihhy.-C'har. C'our. The oldest town in the United States,it a said. is 8t. Atiguustine, lorida, by more han forty years. It was founded forty .ears before Virginia was colonized. Somo >f the hotises are yet standing, which are aid to have bteen built more than threo :enturies ago.-Jbid.. Connectient --The Whig members of he Conntectient Legislature, have passed . esoitions expressing their preferentce for leitry Clay as tnext Ptident of the~ Uni i, but pledgitng thetmsehves to support he nomiinee of a National Convention. bid. Lctters from Brazil mention that the overnimenit ot Portugal had resolved to co pIerate cordially wiih that of Great ih-it in in breakintg'up the Slave trade on tho oast of Alrica, nu that the.Governiorsof ~ngola anid Mloznambique had received .,sti - erest that eTet.-Jid.