Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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"We will cling to the pillars of the temple of our liberties, W . . and if it must fall we will perish amidst the ruins." VOLUME IV- F&glX& toEt 1ThUS'. I. U. F brU%-r-j NO. 3. PROSPECTUS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME OF THE msE~effet0 liopert|1tr,, IIERE F. LABORUE, Editor. In entering ulom the dhuties of a public Journalist, the Editor deems it neces sary to make known his political pritci pies. This he will do in as brief a tman neras possible. He is of the straitest sect of the State Rights School of politics. On' a strict construction of the Fcderal Couipact,.depend, he believes, the value and the very existence of !he Union. To -romnote this great ubject,he will labor faith fully, and with zeal untiring. lie is op posed to a United States Bank, believing it to be unconstitutional. inexpedient, dan gerous, and peculiarly oppressio to the South. le is in favor of the Independent Con stitutional, Treasury scheme. He believes it to lie the safest, the cheapest. and the most simple plan for collecting and dis bursing the public revenue, which has yet been proposed. His paper shall not be a mere political party sheet. Agriculture and general literature shall meet at his hands, a due share of attention. lie will endeavor to make judicious selections4 for the farmer, and will cater for the delicate appetite of the lover of polite literature. In shtort. he will use every exertion to make his paper as riscellaneous, and as useful as possible. He will publish articles on all subjects of interest, "From grave to gay from lively to severe." During the season of business, he will publish every week, the prices current of anburg, and Augusta, and occasionally of Charleston and Columbia. TERMS. The EDGEFIELD ADvERTISER il plh lished every Thursd;ay morning at Three Dollars per annum, if paid in advance Three Dollars and Filiy Cems if not pai( before the expiration of Six Months froim the date of Subscription-and Four Doi lars if not paid within Twelve Months. Subscribers out of trie State are required to pa) in advance. No subscription received for less than one year, and no paper discointintied until all arrearages are paid. except at the op tion of the Publisher. All subseription- will be continued un. less otherwise ordered before the expira tion of the year. Any person procuring five Subscribers and beconting responsible for the same, shall receive the sixth copy gratis. Advertisements conspi unusly iuserted at 621 cents per square, (12 lities, or les-.) for the first insertion, and -23) ets. fhr each continuance Those publi-hed nonthly, or quarterly 'will be charged $1 per sqiare for each ineertion. Advertisements not having the number of insertions marked on them, will be continued until ordered out, ntld charged accoriingly. All communications addressed to the Editor, post puid, will be promptly and strictly attended to. W. F. DURISOE, Publisher. Feb 7, 11)9 AMERICAN HOTEL. J4MIUURG, S C. T HE Subscriber takes great pleasure in in iormting his friends & the public general. ly that he has opeied his large and connodioins House, and will be verv thankful to them for a liberalshare of their patronazre. He flatters him self, that from the experience of the Lady who has charee of the domestic affatirs of the 1 louse, also his .Servanuts and H-ostlers, together with his owvn will and disposition to please. that general satisfaction may be given. The situation of the Hlouse~ affords i coa'neee,particularly desina ble to persons who mwt have business to attend to. or who may wish to take the Itail Rtoad Car for Charleston: and his Stable lots are larir- and well prepared for the accomimadation of Gienxtle men who may have Stock for tede. 'G. WV. MAYSON. -Oct. 24, 1838 tf 3 VAROLINA ROTEL. H AMBU RG, SOUT H C AIROLINA. T H> ndersigned begs leave to inform his frie:ads and the public in gene'rad, that this Hotel has tud'rgone thorong~h repair, atnd that he isa now p -epared for the recC.ptitn anid at - commo~s:ations of Permaanent 8uarderse. as wvell as Travellers and Transient VISITORS. He wvould observec..that those who may fa vor hitm with a call. shall findthemnselves agreeably and cotmfortably p)1 ovuded fur. His tabl; is stup plied with all the substantial requisites of good tiing.together with every delicamcy and variety. that the markets of Autgusta and Ilamaburg camn aflord, with the attenttion of actirc sceants and a 'aithifd hostler. Hlis Bar is stored with liuors of the choicest kind. With the cofide't assurance of' iing fil1 satisfiction, he solicit4 his old friends, and the public in general, to l::vesr hiom with a call. Drovers can be accommuodated with stables and tols for stock.' A. KEMP. Dec 15. lIt if .i' .For sale. M Yt10USE and LOT. in the Viltare of ',dge field, npon terms to sntit a purchaser. In mhy ab~senc. tppjly to Col. Blan.kett. JAMES .JONES. A....l Jo if 10t REPORT OF THE COMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. On so much of the Governor's Message as relates to a Getdogicat Sarcej of the Stat. The Committee tonAgraeuuro, Lo whoi was reflerred so much of the Governor's Message as relates to a - Geological burvey of the State, have had the samne under consideration, and beg leave to offer the folluwing iteport: WVitei e;ard to a Gological survey of the State, a feiw years ag. Professotr Van ouxeni was employed a very limited time ou a Mineralogical survey. The titne al lowed was too short for any useful resuit, nor ougtt the State to t satiblied with any mere Mineralogical research. Mineralogy is one thing, and Geol.gy another: and embraces a much greater extent ol knowl eige than usually falls to the share of a mere Mineralogist. It is in a very high degree probable, that a large portion of the strface ofour State has been heretofore the bottom of the oceau, or formed by par tial volcnuic ejections, and that the soil en closes organic remamus of fish. of aniials, and of plants, either not now known. or not existing in the same eletments. Fla the purpose of accuracy, it rojuires a per solt nell -,killed, not merely in the Mitterai sibst.ices that characteize ihe Strata. but in conptritive Anatomy, & Botany Ge ologists have divided the surface of our Glolte into classes of Strata. These Stra ta are characterized by the Mineralogical constitution of the mass, that composes ea--i stratum, by the itnbihed tminerals pe cul iar to ech, by their relative sub-post tion and super-position, by the organic re m1i.14 %Ofshells, fishes, aninals, and plants inc-etle, at Vaious depitis witin them. II a Gea !gi--al sutrvey oh this State. it oulht to be reqiirtl of the Su: veyor tt designate a it houindarize tii vari.>ts for mtions, and the strata of which they are cotmposed, tit tmark the order of theirgu per-Iostitn, to tite their dilp and extent. lie ouhit then, to take ti the isubject oI tseu| Mitt. .r to sItiuvey pati'lnrly and bonudarize the Shell Lime. the iron, auI tle Gold Vis:ricis. This Survey would of course include the whole Litie stoie strata. and any other prodtctts that could le applied to uneful purposes. Your Cotnittee will briefly enumer ate somre of the advantages, necessarily resulting from a Survey thus made. It nould le useftil to the State, in it hen ring upots A gricubure. It is helieved that considerable tracts of lani in South Carolina,are ctpable of being rendered permanently fertile by tlit discovery o Marl and other appropriate Mineral a mendneuts. This has been realized with in at few years, by several of our sister States. it the discoverv of useftl Metals - That uany of tte Ores, as Copper, Lead. &e. exist in tie primitive portinias of Soutih Carolina, it workabla quautities, cau scarcelv admit of a doubt, though , hey art probably under a character too much dis. guised for detection by ordinary observer, -possibly Tin, Silver, Bysiturb, Anti many and Platina, may also be fountd. There is surely nothing in the formatioi to forbid their occurrence; but, on the contrary, niuch to favor it. in the developement of humerous ma terials for the Arts, as for Architecture Slates, Roofing. andi Flatging Stone, Ce ments, Clays, for Porcelain atid Potter.s and noterials for Alum, Copperas, Sulph. t; ie Acid. &c. The detectiotgof Mineral Waters. Such a Survev seem, %till farther a matter of piblic interest from-the reasonable proa. pPet which exists for the discovery oftiome of the resources (in the line of the Grea Western 1(ail Road. ln the event of stuch discoveries, it is ea sy to perceive the elfeect it wotuld have iti protmoting that imaportatnt enterpirize.. Your Cotmmittee wvouha therefore re spectfully recottomiend the adoption of the followt ittg Resoluttions: 1. Re-solved T(hat a GeoloL'ical Sttrve) of this State, npott a basis comamensuirate with the maguitude of. the object to be at. tained, is an enterpirize thtat tmay righttfull~ claim the cncouragemtent of every class o1 industry,'as involvitng moreot- less of prohi able utility to each, and is intimately con nected with the advancemrent of the Artt and Sciences-of Agriculture, Manfac tures andl Commerce. 2. Resolt'ed. That the Goveror catust a Geological Snrvey of this Stazte to be made, as sootn as circumast aniets will ad tit; and be in hereby empowered to ap. point and ctmntrauct with some suitable per snu to pe-rfo'rm the samel. :3. Resolved, Tihat it shtall he the d-ut1 of the Governor to catuse to be laid before the Legislature, at its annmual sessions, a detailed ntecount of the progress oft lie sur vey ,iogethter with the expenditures in pros. entini): the satme. 4. Resolved, That the person who shall le employed to make the Geological Sur vey, shall be re.qtiredl to select 2 comnplete sits of! specimens of all the rocks atnd mlin ctra in South Carolina College, Colum~t hint, and the other in the Mcdical College, Charlest.. 5. Resoheed. That the suam of ten thou sand dollars be aptpropmriated fro~m the ptub lie Tre-asury, sub Ceetou the discretion oi th~. Go'vernor. attd to be expended by hitt in catrryintg onr said Geological Survey. All whtt ht is restreetfully submittedl. JOHN DOUGLASS, Chairman. Virtue and learning, like gold, hatve t,.:. itri;,.ic valne, Political. PUBLIC LANDS. IN SENATE. Jan. 15, 1809. Remarks of Mr. Calhoun, of South Caro. linat. on the engrossment of the bill for grraduating the price of public lands. Mr C ,Ihoult stid: I have no desire. Mr. Presileoit, to retard.in the imallest decree. the final aetion of the Senate on this hill: aInd in order to avoid tnneresslry con somption ofiine, I intend to state, as con eisely :i posible, my views of the proper tnliev to he pursued in reference to the publie lands lving within the limits of the tiew States; and my reasons for voting ngainst the engrossment of this bill. I ihall begin with premisinz that I am under strong conviction, both from obser vation and reflection, that we have arrivel at the periol when an entire revolution of our land system, as far as it is applicable to those States. is unavoidable. rhey have, in fact, outgrown the system. Sicue its first adoption, they have come into ex istence. have passed through a s-nte of itn lancy, and hnve now arrived at manhood. Tie Iyicste,, which wnas wise and just at first, is'neither wise nor just applied to them in their changed condition. We nave heard much, Mr. President. in the *resvit discttssion about the growth of the new States, but, if I may judge from the various measPru propose'd oni the prisent occasion. we have heither realized it, rapidity. nor the unavoidable changes in our land sstem 'whicl inst frollow in its train. I'heir wonderful growth is, in deed one of those realities almost beyond the grasp of imagination. When I go back twenty-seven years, to the ieridl when I first bee-me a tmemher of the other I louse. and compatre what the new States then were, to what they tow are. I amn lost in wonder and anazement. Theirklrowth is without example. There is nothitn, iike it in history. At that ttme there was hut a single new State, (Ohio.) I exclude' Ke.ntucky, Termessee and .laine. all of wich have been admit ted since the adop tion of the Constitution, and limit my re marks to those which hare since sprunia tilt tn the public domain. Ohio then had hnt. one Representitive itt the other House, Jeremiah Morrow. ;in honiest aud sensible man. who was at that time at the head of the- gommtnittee ott Pub lie La.ds, and nwd the conidetnce of the House so comnpletely, that his voice was the law on all subjects connected with them. There were then thirty two Sena tors in all, of which, Ohio had, of course, two; :mat is, the one sixteenit I of ihe w hole. In ihe electoral college she ithad three votes, which made her weight abou the 1 50t1 in tLhat tody-a weight scarcely felt or es tiuated in the political movements of the day. Such, at that time, was the infant and feeble coudition of the new State.s. Since then, in a pwriod but little exceeding ihm allotted to a sitgle generaiion, to imss over the stage of rllle,bo, wonderful the rh:m;:e' lustead at one, as then, there are now 9 new States; and in the place of two Sena tors in thirty-two, we now have eighteen in lifty-two; making, instead of one-six teenth,trore than a third f the whole; and already three Territories, Florida, Win-r0 n ..-wa, are6 struggling for adnissioti, When admitted, which must be shortly. there will then he twelve new Stares, with twenty-fonr Senators in firy-six, which will increase their relative weight in t his oody to three sevenths of the whole. But as wonderful as has beetn the in crease in this body. it will De still more so. after the next census in the other. It will lie taken nwe y'ear, anid a new ap~portion tment of thie miembesrs will be made under the Constitution; when, instead of' : single menmer~being less thatn otne itt at hundred, as was the case twenty seven years 'ao, the represetttation ohf the niew States will then staud to the old1, at least as forty to sixty, or twoi ifths of the whole, as calcu lated by at friend fanmiliar with the subiject, and im whose taccuracy I have enitire coti detice. rlTe new States having, as thmey will then, three sevetiths ini this, and two fifths itn the other House, *vill, of' course, have a relative weight in the electoiral college, or the saute thing in the choice of President, compounded of the two, that is five twelfths of the whole. So much for the past. Now .if' we turn to the future, we shall find the cause of this amtazinit growth so far from being exhtausted or weakened. is actitng with intcreased force, ardl uirging for ward the growth of' these States with ae celerated, instead ol'a decreatsind, velocity; so mutch so, thazt thme pass chantges in the last mwen:y-seven years will aippear as nothing. comipured with what will take plaice in the next twenty seven, unless sotme untureseen oceurr, ace should inter vetne to retard their progress. If moy me aory setrves me right, oiur p)opUlation, 27 years ago, was about seven mnilliom~s; and our annual titrease thetn, that is, the ex cess of births over d.'aths, ineltmding emi gration,. about two hundied thousand, es timttintg otur growth at three per cent com pioiund. Sitnce then, our popttlation has incereased not less than nine mtiliotns, ma ing the piresent probablly about sixteetn; whtich on the same data, will make our an nual increase at this titme btit little short of half a naillion, the great part of which will find their homes in the ntew States. I will not enter. into a milntte calcula tion ias to the elfi-ets of'this great increase oti the relati' e weight of the new amnd old States, at the next succeeding eenstus, in 1850O. It is sufficient to say, that it will give a decided majority to the former. both in the House of Representatives and in the electoral college, and, of course, in the (overument; and thus, in the short space of one A eneration and ai half.the con Ire of political power, as between the old and uew States. will have passed from the forner to the latter. Now, with these unuestiouable results before us, i ask, not whether it would be wise to contnue the old system; no, sir, a far holder question-will it he practicable? And it not practicable, would it be wise to struggle to coniinue it, till overibrown by the lhrte of unavoidable and irresistable canses! I ask, what would be the effiects of sui a struggle? Would it not oc to ex cite, in the first instance, animosity and discord between use old and new States. iind, in the end, io overlirow the entire land system, with the certain loss ulti muately, oft lie public doitain! I shall not, onl i tis occasion, attempt a formal di-cus sion of these pnints. I prupose, in order ito illustrate, simply to show how vain and dangeruton %% ould be the attempt to hold on to the present system, under these great and growinsg cnangces, bsy tracing its opera tions under a single aspect. its bearing on the Prebidestial (Istion. Tio have a clear conception of this, we must bear in mind, that aller the next cen aus,the Aisw States will have five-twelflhs of the electoral college; and, of course, s-naured to either of the other sectioiis, it coitrollinlg voice in Ihe election of a Pres ident. He who keeps this ii m1ind, and understainds the workings of the hutan heart and of our system, must see, that in the Presidential coitest, (for such it must eve'r be.) the great point, hereafter, will lie to secure their favor; and that itis can -best be done by f.avoring tnteir pecultar views and policy in reference to the public laids. Now one of two things must follow: either all the cantlidaltcs will euter into ihis coin - petitiou, in which case thestrugale will he who s;siall o -arthcat. and its consequence will ie togive thle vote to him who bid higii est. It is eusy to see how this would end. The ml'whh domain, the nsoble inheritance ofih' peopl.-o-this Union would besquan dered, or rather gambled away, in thecon tesi; and would thus lie made, at the sitne imoie.th- imeans u plundaer amid corruption. 41nd of elevating to power the most profli. gose antd audacious. Butif, instead ofall the catididatesseek ing; the favor of tie new Slaie4, a part should court-their initerests, and the others thar otthe old States, iho train of events wouli, msdeed. be varied, but the ultitutie result would lie the same. Ott this suppo sition, each of the candidates would reiort to meanis best calculated to secure the sec tion, on n hose support he might rely. Thse lookina ti the new States wo;ull push :o the extreme, the flavorite policy of those States in reterence to the nuhlic lands; while the others would take the op posite extreme in flavor of the old States. Now, when we reflect that the new and lie old States must tecesarily. froimi their diffiereut position and relaition to the public lands. emertain very dilerent views of the policy that otght to be ptir sued in relation to them. in almost every point-so Imucll so, that the one shal -consider that but as the demands ofjusiier which the other linil regard as nothinu short. 04penl pluntler, as we have wittess ed in tlis di-cussion-we may form some conception of the violence of the conflict which must eusue in the case supposed. We have had, even in this early stage. and on this very question, some indicaiionq of what we may expect. The most violent animjos-ity and hatred would follow, and every msan, be his motive ever so pure and itriotic, would he regasrded th e friend or the enemy or the new or old States., aq his opinions I'avosred thle policy of tine or the othier. rThe final termsiat ion of t he caon flict wotid sot be dlousbtifu Wihatever turnts of fortuno uiihlt occurini its po'fgress. the new States must, isa the enid, prevail. Their relative increasie is far imore rapid thain the obal. so misuch so, thats afte'r 1850 --thsas is, after the third Presidlential eec titn fr'omt the ntext-thiey wotld~ lie left, as I have shown, in utdispusted possessions jail the field. In thai mean tine, wvhiile the IstrIde is going ons, the asnimiosily would daily increase on boils 'sides. The longer it contrinued, the snore bitter it would be. acomse, iad the more certaitnly and coin pletely would the present system be over throwns, if indeed, the Untiost itself should be strong enough to withstansd the shack. Such must inevitably be the fate of the ptresent system should we have the folly, I suighit say the smadness, to attempt yn contuinuie it as it is, so far as the snew States are concernied, regardless of the great cbatn ges which have already taken place, and the still mnoi-e smighity its progress. Having now pointed out the dangaer, I turn next to the deeply imsportant quiestion ofsremnedy,whichs demiandls the tmost prompt and solemnit consideration, bothi of the Gov ernent andl the commisunity. The ques tin is, what mseans shall we adopt to Avert the mischief' whtich -1 have showns to .he so rnipidly approsaching, and which mnust inevitably soons arrive, if ntot prevented by some speedy andl efficient mneasures! Al ready one hass heen proposed. originally broutghtt forward to relieve a distendedl Trresasuty of its burden, but which its au thor (the Senator fr'aom Kentucky, Mr. Clay) hats renewed. an the presenst oeca sian, adoubtless -i ithi the view, in piarm, at least, to meet the gsrowiag disorders of the system. His proposition is to divide she proceeds of the piublic lands aimng the States, with the double vIew, I suplpose, to a more equal participation in the advan tiages osfthse public doimnis,by the membsters of' the Uinion, annd to nreseren the present. sysici by a more vigilant guardianship or t he States. I doI not now itiend i db.i5cuss the merits of this moasure. My object is Iinlv to state, in general tertus, ily opm-t* ion in relatiou to it, without entering itnto the reasons on which i: is grounded. There appears, then. to tmle, to he great and decisive objections to the ineasure - The right to adopt it, may in the first place, he fairly questiowntd. We hold tihe public domain as a common property or fund. helotun-i'ng to the States of the Union, in their confederated, and not in their in dividial character. They were arquiredi either by purchase, out of common funds belonging to tie Union, or by cession from ine States to the Union, to be held as a fund in common; and I atm at a loss to COUceive what right we have to make that which belongs to the whole Union as a commnt taun finund, the separate fIud of each State. It seems to tine that it cannot be done without a tmanilest breach of trust, and a violation of ine Conistitution. This is ino new opinion, formed for the occasioi. 1n was, on the contrary, formed when its auhor first introduced tihe measure, and when ie and myselfihought alike as to the necessity of relieving the Treasury of its surplus, in order to avoid the dificnlties and inie dangers which have since followed. Believing then. that it would be elTetual flr thut purpose, and more easily adopted ltan any other, I examined it with an in clitation to embrace it as a temporary ineasure of reiief agaitnst a pressi;; evil hint it wais inmrpoiible for nine to bring my iniad to assent to tine right of aioptintg it. But snppotse ihis dillienby surnoiunted; there are others, which I regard as inur mountable. - Among then. the fiscal oh) jecious are very formidable. The revenne Cromn he lands cannot he spared at present, and if distrihuted. as proposed by tine mea sure, would necessarik throw tihe whole expeinses of tinh. Government ont a sinuzle mource-the tieuiis on imporra-and which must Ie followed iv their increase. Tis would neither be fair, nor equal; and to which I, representinig in part, a portion of thet Union, ton which ilhe increased hurden woitd mainily rall. cannliot eive mily assent. Bnt as formindi able as is tii, there are others lfar miore so. It wvouid not meet. or avert the approaching danger. It would still leave tihe puttblie lnds in the new States, under the oporntiont of the present systen. ani the -uiject oif violent conflict between thean niltd the old States, with all the calamitous consequences to which I heave advertod. Ioead of prevetiing the d.anger, in would, in ict, iasten and ao gravate it. It may be laid down nas a ima!Xim, that no neasure can avert it. which is not adopted with the apnprobation and consent of the ew States; fil tleu simple reasnin, that ilney tnust soon become the predominant power; when that which was established against their consent,would be certain!v overthrown. Such would bte the case with the measure under consider aion. If adopted, it musttt not only I C winhout tine eonsent oif those States, but with their str'enuous oipposition. of which we have had the most coiclusive evidence on the Iresent occion. When moved by its anihor, as an ainendmettt to this hill, if was violently oppowed at ine thres hold from that quarter. and ived 'out a inge vote from the new Sna:ts. It is not ;Nc aly )to inquire whether this opposi tion on their part is reasonable, or not; whether it is the result ofmere prejudice, or of deliberate conviction that it is hostile to their interests. The fact itself, th't there is an alnot universal and deiermin ed resistance to the measure Ott their pr, right or wrong, is, of itself, sufficient proof that it cannot he relied otn ti avert tine threatening danger. On the contrary, its necessary efieet must be ito accelerae and aggravate i . Its adoiptiotn wonuld, an once, bring i he old aind new States itnto viol-nt cnfilict, in wh~ich tine fonrmer wvould be arrayed, aintost to a man, in determmied effbrt to overthtrow the arr'anngemrentt. or somte mtor'e hostile mieasure. Add to thnis that the Presidnticail contest wvouldt ntot fail to run into tihe conntr'oversy, and titus redloublle tine excitemtnent anid animosity, with all tine fatal consequennces whnich I hanve show n must follow i'roma blending the two. Assuming, then, that the schenmeis both objectionable and ineflicient, the~ question again occurs, what ought to be donte? My mtind~ is mnade ntp, after the nost 'seuioun and deliher'ate reflection, that there is, and can be, ut none reinnedy; to cede-no; titan is nnot tine proper, the ronstinutiontal word -o dispose of thne public lantdst no the States within thte limits of which they re spectively be, on snich termis andn unnder such conditions as shall, at the samre time. be just aind liberal to tine nnew States anti safe to the old. We most, in a wotrd part with the~ ownership and administration of the lands lying within thne States, leaving those i n he Territories. and beyotnd, inn der the operation oft the pnreseint'systemt. Tne evil lie~s in ownership and administra tion, and wit/hout parting with ftem no per manent or efectual remedy can bc atpplied. But whnat shall be' she terms--what. por tion of the pnroceeds oft the sale of ihnose mails shall b~e left to the States, to- remlu nierate tinem for tihe expense; trontble anti responsibility of their admtninistrantion and what portimon shall lbe paid over to the Gov erinmnent annuoally. as a compensation f'or the land? I am not prepared to answer this quiesnion. its decision ntust depend ott a careful and mitnute exanmination of all the facts iurf circumsianes of'nlhe case. Bitt I anm decidedly of tihe opinitn tat the por tion to be left to tine new States, ought not only no he amptle to cover the troulel, ex penise. and respotnsihility of inanagement, kn u vnry cnidrabnh eyaad.n 0 88 tOU nite their interests with ours, in order tO. give stability to the arrangement, andin sure eare and fidelity in the managenieni. Re0stiing my estiiate of the compellsition on these pri eiiles,'l have supposed *that the new Slates might pay over annually - one half of the gross proceeds of sales to the Government, and have an ample sum Iefi Ior their compensation. But this is a mere esimate, without suflicieut data. and is, of course, liatile to be increased or di minished after a careful calculation fuuud ed on racts. Vith these -uggestiqps as to the terms, I next proceed to the conditions on which the lands oueht to be disposed of. I pro pose I snggret only ihe most prominent, without piretending to a full enumeration. It order to give stability to the arrange inet, it he will indispensable that the whole trans -ction should assume the form of coipact; and for this purpose,- that Coigress should pass an act containing the teris and conditions of the transfer; and that each of the new States should pass one, on their part, to le irrevo. cable, assenting to the same, before it is made. Te act .of Coniress should, of course, determinie .vhat part of the pro cueds is to he paid annually to the Goveru ment, and the time and manner of pay ment; and alsoto provide ot keeping regu lar books of acciunis, to be open to the inspection or the Government, so that the exact state of the account between it, and the Stutes. ;ay, atall times; be ascertain ed by the former. The act ofCongressshould also contain all the prospective provisions which may become necessary in the future administra tion of the lands under the arrangements; and should then provide .i hat the land laws, is imodilied by ie act, and as far as they are al)llicaIle to the new state of things,. sliall remain unlchianged, without the con setit of Conigress. A provision of this kind would lhe not less essential to the States, than to the Government. Without it, there coul. be no stahility nor uniformi ty. Without it, the States would, in a shorttimle, enter into a competition to turn the current of immigration, each towards itself, which would comtence by a reduc tion of price. and end by a loss of the lands. But with the provision proposed, the system would retain its uniformity and, become more stable than at present. To enforce the faithiul execution of the compact, the net should also contain a pro vision that. in the event of the violation of the conditions of cession, all grants therearter made by the State should he nill auud void. This "bId place the compat iunder the protetion of the court of the Union, and make it the interests of the State, anti its citizens to observe it.6 In thi, connueciion, the liberal allovance pro. posed to be made to the States, i er to unite their iimteresi with ours,wo ie im portait. The revenue % hich t v would derive from the f1und would be ~plied to roads. canals. or other imiprov aents, that would create a pOwerflul interest in favor of the arrunaeenut. which Vfth the condi lionus proposed, and their sgise of justice, woulti ensure.l trust, on i~eir part, a faith ful execution of the compact. Such, us it appears tf me. should be the leading contations; 't, doubtless, there are lmly others whic ould be sugges ted by a l'ull and care Xamination of the subject. This Mr. Presidento eral out line of the measure which I pose as a remedy; and which brin the impor tant question, would it a plish the ob ject intended; that is,- it arrest the growing conflict be lhe now and the old States? V oul 6%vent the public domain from hein verted into a fund to imake Presid . ad to be squandered away i -tile str .& And finally, would it substaintially :,amore effectually than any other mueasur *.ecure to the Uniotn, the itenetit of th 'ic lands lying within the new States. s'the conviction that it is better calcul ' cure these im portant~ reau .ny other n'deasure ihntt can be ~, which has intduaced me to present ,i consideration: aind it is, on thbat issu lusively, I intend to rest its fate. 4 :ask is a calm and impartial inavestigatio 'confidently btelieving rt will bear the aand I will willungly abide the result. hout atteimpting to enter ott such a estigatin nowr-- for which I have not ~ essary ini.rmaion and, if 1 haad, it nlot suit thle occasion-I propose to me remark-s- in support That a mue ,asch as Ilhave sugges ted, if it shou opted with,,the hear ty consenlt o wv'States,-would arrest thte grolwitg . between them anrd theold an talie lands out of tihe vortex of the tisi contest, must be obviouas ott a F e cion. It would - remnove the cause ict,-the only ef tectual mtodeC of pr threatened danger. TransfeY'i - the ad mtinistratln oft iem, Oil j iberal terms, t o tthe Stateq, mid close ounti ces within their. limits, anid yo~una once, place the States beyond. ofihe itemion of the Governmen. thereby leave both the new & old, as far a the lard question is concerned, free fron~ tall improper isias in the election of theCliief Magistrate. The only point of confis7 that could possibly remaiti -between them in reference to the lands, would be as to the conditions (If the cession; but it may Fbeeasily sho. n, that if the terna shouh& be liberii and satisfactory, in the first in-. stance, to ithe new States, as I have pro ptosed, that they would -neither have. the. disposition nor. the interest to disutihe comtpac~t;'or if they souhi, thle og- I losing the landa la consccouenceoh