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6- - L A B o R D E , E d i t o r . "W e w ill c lin g to th e p illa rs o f .o.u r l b e t es and if it mus*'t fall we,wiw t the Ciai."PDL@E WEL. zr IOLUME 3. mnwm. .n .Ies,as I.k The.- Edgefteld Advertiser, IS PU1BLIHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING. TERMS.-Three Dollirs per annum if paid in advance,-Three Dollars and Fifty Cents if paid before the expiration of Six Nionths firom the date of Subscription.-and Four Dollars if not paid within Six Months. Subscribers out of the State ore required to pay in advance. No subscription received for les than oneyemr, aqql o paper discontinued .stil all arrearages arp aid, except at the option of the Editor. I subiriptions will be continued unless AhMise ordere-, at the end or the year. Any person procuring five Subscribers and becomng responsible for the same. shall receive the sixth copy grais. ADVERTISCURSTS conspicuously inserted at 64cents per square, for-he first insertion. and 431 cents for each coutinniince. Advertisementq not having the number of insertions marked on them, will be continned until ordered-out, and charged accordingly. AllA A rtisementa intended for publication in thispaper, must be deposited in the Office by Thesday evening. All communications addressed to the Editor. (rosT rAID) will be promptly and strictly at tended to. President's Message. FeUov Citizens of the Senate, and House of Representatives. I congratulate you on the favorable cir cumstances in the condition of our cou noy. tinder which you reassemble fur the per formasee of your official duties. Though the anticipa.tont of an abundant harvest have not every where been realized, yet, on tho whole the labors of the husband .nan are rewarded with a bountiful return; industry prospers in its various channel., of busluess and 6iterprise; general health again prevails through our vast diversity of 6limate; nothing threatens, Irun abroad, the contibanace of externai peace; nor has any th.ng at hone impaired the vrengh of those fiaternal and domestic ties which coeastitue the-only guaranty to the success and permanency of our happy Union, and which, formed in the hour of peril, have hitherto been honoribly sustaited through every vicissitude in or national afluirs. These blessings, w4hich eince the care and beneficience of Providence.cauli for our devout and fervent gratitude. We have not-le-s reason to be grateful for other bounties bestowed by the same anunificent hand, and more exclusively Qur own. fjiti j u;:fd' u systen-_ds'ferinug (omn all others in the acknowledged, *practical, ut unb nited I operation *% lich it has for so long a periu, given to ihe s4overeiguty of the people -has now been fully tested boy experience. The Constitution devised bky our forela thers as the framework and lond of that systeiti, then Lutried,hts beconte a settled form ofr boverunent; inot only preser ittg and 'protecting the great principles upon which it was fiunded, hut wonderfully pro moting individual and private miteresto. Though subject to change and entire re%o cation, whenever deenmed intdequate tu all these purposes, yet such is the wisdomt, of its construction, and so statle has been the public sentiuent, that at remnail-i unal tered except.in atters of detail, compara tively unimportant. it has proved amply sufficient for. the various emergencies in ident to our conuition as a nattion. A formidable foreign war; agitating collibions between domestic and, in amne respects, rival sovereignties; temnptattons to itterfere in the intestine cominotions of neighbur ing countries; the dangerous influences that arise in periods of ex-essive prosneri ty; and the anti-republican tendencies of associated wea th-these, with other trials not less formidable, have all been eneun teted, and thus fLr successfully resisted. -It was reserved ior the Amnericau Union to test the advantages of a Governmne t entirely dieudent on the conttnual exer cise of the potular wil.; and otr experience has shown itat is is as henefictent ii prc tice as it is just in theory. Each succ-es - sive change mtade in our local tmttutions has contributed to extend the right of suf-. frago, has increasedl tne direct intduencee of the smass of the community, given greater freedom to individual exertion, andf re stricted, more amnd more, thte powers of government; yet the ittelligentce, prun dence, and patriotism of the peouple have kept pace with thiw augimented responsi uility. Ila'nn country has education been so widely diffused. Dotnestic peace has no where so largely reigned. Ti'oa close bonds #l'social intercouarse ha ve int nto ini - tance prevailed with such harmony over a space so vast. All forms of religion have united, for the first time, to difi'use charity ad piety, hecause for the first time in the htistory of natints, all have been totailly unrammefled, and absolutely free. FTe deepest recesses of thte wilderness have been penetratet yet, instead of the rude ness ini the social cottditiont consequent up) on such adventtures elsewhere, numtaerous comntumttios have sprunag u1t, alreadly un rivallnd iti prosperity, generail itttelligence, internal tranquihity.and ste wisdomt oftIteir political instittutions. internal imtprove tmetnt, the fruit of individual enterprise.fois tered h.v the protectiotn of the Stamte; hats added ntew links to the confedrtiont, and -frosh rewards to providetnt industry - Doubtfulh qiueations ofdmaestic policy have been quietly settled by mumual forbea aince; andi agriculture, commerco, ttnd . manufactures, minister to eacht other. Taxation andI piublic debt, ste bturdens which bear so heaivily upotn all other coun . tres,have pressed wvith comparaitive light tness upon us. Without one entatngling allinnce. our friendship is prtzed by ovary nation; and the right of our citizens are every where respected, becase they are knos,n to be guarded by a united, sensi tive, and waichful people. To this practical operation of our insti tutious, so evident and successful, we owe that increased attachinent to them which is amosig the most cheerl*ul exhibilious of I"apular sentiment, and will inve thetr tiest security, iu time to come, against for eign or dometiC aIssaUlt. Titis review of the results of our inslitu tions, for hall a century, without exciting a spirat ot vaim exultation, should serve to itipress upou us ijie grt at principles rom -*hich they have sprung; conistvnt and di. rect supervision by the people over every public tneasure; strict lorhearance on the part of the Government from exercising any douetaul or dispuied powers; and a cautious abstineoce from all intoerfrence with concerns winch properly belong, and are best left to State regulations and indi vidual enterprise. Full nilbrmaion of the state of our Air eign utfairts avang been recently, on ditGer ent occasions, ubmiatied to Cougress, i deem it necessary now to bring to your notice only such events as have subse- i quently occurred, or are of such importance as to require particular attention. I The moust ainicaIle dispositions continue; to be exhibited by all the naijo. s with t whosu the Government and citizens of the Uited States have an habitual Intercourse. i At the date of my last annual miess.age, Alexico was the only nation wiich could , not be included in so gratilymg a reference i to o .r fieign relations. I an happy to be now able to inform i you that an advance ha., seen inade to- t wards the adjusvineut of our ditticulues e with fiat ltepu:lic, -and the re%toraiiiju of P eustonary goo i feeling between the two i nations. This itiportait change has been i elfected by conciliatory ingociatious. that r have resulted in the conclusion of a treaty ! lietween the two Governments, waich, %%Jeen ratified, will refer to the aritrautns ifa frieutly power all the subjects of con troversy between us, growing out of inju- d raes to individuals. There is, at presen, C isiso, reason to believe that an eqiiablie a .ettlenent of all disputed points will be 1i unlained without further difficulty or on Iecesssr). delay, and-;hus authorize the il rree resumption of diplomatic intercourse t wvih our sister Republic. With respect to tIme northeastern houn- it *int 6ist oruGrent itain hia pit-ied si:,c 0l hat cdmniaunivalelI to Congress tow.d ti he close of their last session. Tie oIl'r I 0 negociate a convention for the appai-s a nent of a joint comntission of survey anid iv Dxploratiou, I ani, however. assured will 0 hie met hq Iter MNajesty's Government Iin 1 at coicilitory and Friendly spirit, and in j,,Irtions to enable lihe Britisi Minister t lire to conclude such an arvangemetivnt. Is Niil lie transmitted to him without need I les- delay. It is hopetd and expected that f lite-e instructions will lit- of a iheral char acter, and that this negoeiition, it succes%- I f,il, will prove to be ni important step Ito wards the satislattory and final adjustment o1 itie controversy. c I had h )ped that the respect ror the laws aund regard for the peace and honor of their ' own country, which has ever character. V ized the citizens or aie Uuited Stites, r wIIld have preventell any portion or them 1 from using any means to promote insur recion in the teriilory or a power with t %hich we are at peace, and with which the United States are desirous of maintain- t ing the must friendly relations. I regret deeply, however, to be oblige to inform I you. that this has not been the ease. In- I forimation has been given tw me, derived from oifleial and other miurces thati many ciiizens dif Uh United itale.. have ass sn- I tel together to Im:Ikte hostile incursions C froi our territory ints Ganada, and to aidla and abtei inseirreclion there, in vioIatil-nt of the Obli2atiins and laws of the United States. nd in open disregard or their own dunties as citizens. Thius infoirmatioin has been in part 'onirmledh, by a hostile inva sion actually made tiy citizens of the U. Staites, in eontjutrilion wish Canadiansiand dithersl, andl aiccomantanied hiv a lorcible sei zure ofithe proprerty ofr our~citizenls, and an application thereof to the pros.ecution ol mnilitarv operations against the authiori ties and( peoiple of Canada. Trhet results of ihesve criminal assatits uponai thec peace arid order ora neighboring cdtonery have beeti, astwas to he expiected, fatailly destrnetive to tIhe imisguieda or dIdldd personis eng.auged in them, atid highly injutridtis to those in whose biehalf they they are proesed to have becen uni dlertaikenf. The authioritities in Cnniada, froamm inielligetce received ofl such initended movements amoiig our citizens, have lelt itimaelves obiliged to take pirecautionary measures against themai; have actually cem boadlied the militia, and assuinedl an attitudle to repel the invasion to which they believed the coloonie's were- exposed fromi the Utnited States. A state dir teeling dar both sides dir the rrontier tias thins been proaducedl, wvhichi called fdor prompi andh vigorous tm ierferece,. I an insirr.cmion existedl in Canadla, the atmiCate dlispiSionls of the United Si;ites towardIs Gireat Britain, ias wcell s their duity tdo themselves; would le:id them tdi imaintiin a striet neuiralit y, atnd to restraini their citizens5 frdom all vio lations of the laws which have been piisse.l for its enforcemnent. iltt this Gover-nent recognises a still higher obligaion to re press till altiempts on the part of its citi zens todistur-b the peace ofai counotry where order prevails, or hits been re-established. Depredlations bty our eitizens _upon nlations at ocace with the Uuited States. or comn hinations for committing them, have at i times been regarded hf"t"he A merican Gov. ernment and people with the greatest ah horrence. -Military incursions by our citi zens, into countries so situated, and the commission of acts ofviolenceon the tqem. hers thereof, in orer to effect a change iti its government. or under any ii'ee.. whatever, have, from the commencement of,our Governmen, heeiheld equally criminal on the part of those engaged in them. and as much deserving of punish ment, as would he the disturbance o the public peace ley the perpetration of similar acis within our own territory. By no country or persons have these invaluable pinciples of international law I)rinciples, the strict observance of which i- so indispensable to the preservation of iocial order iu the world--heen amore ear ietlv cherifhed or sacredly respected than ;y those great and good men who first leclared, and finally established, the inde pendence or our own country. They pro nlated and maintained them at an ear y aned critical period in our history; they vere -ubtsequently embodied in legislative -ancmenis of a highly penal character, he faithful enforcement of which hs hith. -rio heen, and will, I trust, always con intne to tbe, reuarded as it duty inse'parably assicinted with the mnintentince of our ma ional honor. That the people of the U. itates should feel an interest is the sread r pliitictl institutiotis as free as the,, egard theirown to ie. is natural; nor can sineere solitde for the success of all ho-w who are, at any time, in good faith iruglinu for their acquisition. tie imputed i liur citizen,s as a crime. With the en ire freedom of ohinimn, and an uudisguised xpression thereof, ia their part, the Gov re-ut has neither the right, nor I trust .. disposition to interfere. But whether ic interest or the honor of the U. States Muire that they should tie made a party to ny suci struggle, and, by inevitable con eluence, to the war which is waged in its uppitrt, mq a question which, by our con. tit utio. is "i sely lefi to Congress alone to evile. It is, by the laws, alReady made rinmimnial in our citizens to embnrrass or netIpate that decision. Iy unnuthorised mlitary operations on their part. Offences elf this character, in alltion to ieir criminality as violations of the laws I' our country, have a direct tendeicy to raw dtown upon our own citizens at large. me tmultiplied evils of a foreign wur, and iey,aeserve to lie put down with promp tule ail decision. I cannot he mistaken, am confident, in counting on the cordial ted general concurrence of* our fellow cit :ens in this sentimetit. A copy of the rl-1nntion which I have felt it my duty J set,e, is herewith coOnunicnted. I can tot lu hope that the irool sense and PH. ,jotismi, the regard for tile ionor and rep taion of their cotintry, the re-spect for the jws which they lave themselves enacted >r their own govertiment, anti the love of rder, for which the iass of mir people ave ieen s long antd so uitstly distinguish ti. will deter the comparatively few who re engaped in theen, from a further prose Iiti,mso or sueh ilesperate enterprises. In he menni time, ihe existing laws have been ad will continue to be. faithfully exeru ed, and every effort will ie made to car y then oiet int heir full extent. Whether hey are suficient or not, to mleet the ac tial state of things, om the Canadiai fron ier, it is for Congress to decide. It will appear from the correspondence erewith sulemitted. that the Government if Russia declines a renewal of the imrtih rticle or the Cotivention of April, 1824, ietweei the United States and his impe ial Majesty, by ihtihir.l article of which t is aqreed that " herenfter there shall nit te formed by citizens f the United State-, ir umider the authority of the said Stntes, ny estblisnhimen upln the northwest oast of Amerinc, nor itn imy of the :shlds idjucenm to the north of i4 deg. 50 am. of mrthi l.aitue; anmd thatm iam time samne tmana men thmere shalel tie anone foermed by Ruessiani ujuects, or under time aithority of Russia, outih of time satmn parallel ;" cnd lby the ourthi article. -that, dusrinig a terom of een years, counttin trom tihe siganaturo of the resent coniveiona, the ships of iboth pow. irs, or wvhichm belonmg toe their citizenms or cutjects respmectively, tmmy re.ciprmcaully fre juent , withumt anmy hiindrcance whatever, ihe amieriur seacs..gulfs, harbtors. cind creeks, iron the coast mecntioned iaa time prcdia.g lrucle, tor thme fppoe .i lishinmg antd Ira ling with mime nmatir es of tihe connstry.'' Tene relasonls aissigmned for declinming co rentew time provisionms of thmis article are, bmriefly, tham line (mly uise amade by our citizens of the privilege it secures to themt. has been it ?Lupply time Indlians with spirituouis lignors utmmneitioan acid fire-trars ; that this traf lie has beeni excluideud fromn time Russiat arcade; amid as time supptlies furnished irost the Unmim ed States, are injurious to time Rue. sican estalishments onm the.northwtest coast and calculatedi to produce ecomplaints he. twveon tIle two Gioveraments, his Immper:a Majesty thimnks it for the interest of bott counmtrees mnot to sccedle tom tihe p)ropositioI tunide by time Anmerienn Gomvenmenmt fortih renewal of time article last referred to. Tme correspomdenace herewith commun nicated wvili show the grountds apon whmici we contenid that the citizense of the Unitel States, have. indepedent of the proevision ofl time convene iont of 1824, a rmghat to creel with the nati e's cm pun the coast ian questiu at tunocepied piaces, hiahele. however, it i admitted to he at any time extinguished br the creation ot Russian establishments ai such points. This right is denied by eh Russian Government, wimichi asserts thma twy tbe operation of the treaty of 18tht enni party to waive the general right -eto i vacant coasts on the re Sspechi of the degree of latitude refer and accepted, in lieu thereof, the W 1 privileges mnentioned in the routth - . The capital and tonnawe ei y our citizens in their trare wi'h I hwest coast of 1nerica will, perha adverting to the offlial state menUs comijerce and navigation of the U. es for the last few years, he deem inconsiderable in amount to at tract attention; yet the subject may, in othe Pects, deserve the careful con. siderati f Congress. I re to state that the blockade of the principa .krie on the eastern coast of Mex. :co, whic i in consequence of differences between that Republic and France, was institutedin May last, unfortunutely still continues, enforced by a competen French naval forpe, and is necessarilly embarras sing to oir own trade in the gulf, in com mion wito, that of other nations. Every dispositica, however, is believed to exist. on the p" of the French Government, to render tIl measure as little onerous as practicable to the interests of the citizens ofthe United States, and to those of neu tral commaerce; and it is to le hoped that an early settlement of the difculties be tiween France and Mexico, will soon re establish '4he harmonious relations former ly subsisting between them,and again open the pot ts.of that Republic to the vessels of all friendly nations. A conv.ntiou for marking that part of I tihe boundry between the United Staites and the Nppublic of Texas, which extends from the fnouth of the Sahine to Red Ri i ver, was.oncluded and signed at this city on the 26th of April last. It has since I been ratiied by both Governments; and i ,easo anie measures will be taken to carry I it into efWet on the pan of the U. States. The aplication of that Republic fur ad4missiotInto this Union, made iii August, 1837, aniwhich was declined for reatons already W-ade known to you, has been for msally-wlhdrawi, as will appear from the I accompwyiug copy of the note of the Min ister Pleipbotontiary of Texas, which vas I presente#o the Secretary of State on the i oceasio-.Wthe qxchange of the ratifications I of the cl*vention above mentioned. COpiis of the convention with Texus, of a er ial treat. concluded with the King reece, and of a samilar treaty %Vito ru Bolivian on1lderntion, tie inf t ofCongress and for such ei66 ti enactments s may be found necessaryltreipedieni, in relation to either of them. To watch over and foster the interests of a aradnally increncing and widely exten (led commerce; to guard the rights of*A snerican eiiizens. whom business or ple,: sure, or other motives, may temnpt into distant climnss, and at the sante time to cultivate those sentiment-, of nutual res pect and good will which experience has proved so heneficinl in iternational inter course, the Government of the United States has deemed it expedient, from time to iim?. to establish diploimatic coniections with diffierent forei.n States, by tihe alp pointiment ofrepresentatives to reside with in their respective territories. I am grati fied to be enabled to announce to you that since the close ofthe last session, these re lations have been oiened under the hap piest auspices with Austria and the Two Sicilies; that new nominations have been made in the respective missions of Russia. Brazil, Belgium, and Sweden and Nor way, in this country; and that a Minister Exirordinary has beta received. accredi ted to this Government frotn'the Argentine Confederation. An exposition of the fiscal nlffirs of the Government. ani- of their condition for the past year. will lie made to you by the Secretary tif the Treasury. The available balnuce in the Treasury. on the lqt of Januarv next, is e.imated it $2,765,342. The ~receipts of the year from eustotms and lands, will probablly a motutt to $20.615-598$ These usual sour ces of revenue have beet) increased by an issue of Treasury notes-of which less thatn eight millions of d(llors, including ini teresitlmand principal, will lie outstanding at the end of the vear-andI by thme sale of one of the bonds of thme Batik of the United Stages, for 82,2-54,d71 The aggregate of meaens fromn these and other sources, with the balance on the first of January last, has been applied "I' the payment of ap)prop)riatnns by Conigress. The whole expenditure for the year on their accouti', including the redemption of more fthan eight millionsof Trreasutry notes, constitu tes an aggregateof about forty millions oaf dollars, and will still leave in the Treasury the hallance before stated, Nearly eight millions of dollars of Treas ttry notes are to be panid dturing the coining year, in addition to the ordinmaryaprr ations for the support of G~ovemnt. For both these purposes, the resourees of the Treasury will undoi.btedlv be suiffiiet, if thme charges upon it are m'ot increased be yond the annual estimaates. No excess, however, is likely to exist, nor can thme post potted instalment of the airplus revenue be . deposited with the States. nor any consid , erable appropriations hevonmd the estimia j tes be madea; without cauasing a delicientcy sin the Treasury. The great caution, ad e visable at all times, of limiting appropria ,tions to the wants of the public service, is a rendered necessary at present by the pros ,pective and rapid reduction of the tariff; while the vigilant jealousy, evidently exci e ted among the people by the occurtences ,of the last few years, assures us thtat they a expect from their representasives. and will sustain them in the exercise or, the most ri gid economy. Much can be effected by I postponing appropriations not immnediately required ror tihe ordinary public service, or for any pressing emergency; and much by reducing the expenditures where tihe en fire and immediate accomplishment of the Objects in view is not indispensable. I When we call to mind the recent and extreme embarrassnteus produced by ex cessive issues of bank paper, aggravated by tie unforeseen withdrawal of much lo- I reign capital; and the inevitaole derange- t lent arising fromn tie distribution of the t surplus revenue among the States as re- t quired by Congress; and consider the heavy expenses incurred by the removal of C Indian tribes; by the nililary operations in li Florida; and on account (if tie unusually i large appropriations nmade at the last two Y aninualsessions of Congress for other ob 11 lects, we have striking evidenice. in the pre- it ienit -tficient state of our finances, of the i abundant resources of the country to itilil lif its obligations. Nor is it less gratifyin:g i o find that the general nusimess of the tt oitimmunity, deeply atlected as it has been, 4 a reviving % ith additional vigor, chastened i >y the lessons of the past; and animated by n Jie hopesofthe future. By the curiailnent 1 a! paper issues: by curbing the sanguine and 0 ]venturous spirit of speculation; and by ti he honorable application of all availabie II means to the fulfilment ooligations, con- L idence has bce. restoreil both at home ci tnd abroad, and ease and facility secured d o all the operations of trade a. Tne agency of the Government in pro- I lucing these results has been as elflicient as p ts powers and means premitted. By Vithholding front the States the deposite of * lie fourth instalinenm, and leaving several n: nillions at long credits with the batiks, tt Principally in one section 'f the country. -t) laid mote immediately heneicial to it: and 13 mt the same tine; aiding the banks and lu ominercial communities in other sections, tu ty postponing the payment of ibonds for ?: u ties to the amount of between four and m ive milhons of dollars; by sin issue of Treas a try notes as a meats to enable tile Gov -rument to meet the consequences of their a ndulgences; but afl'ording,t the saitne time o acilities for remittance & exchange, & by II teadily declining to employ as general de- v bositories of the public revenues. or receive v he notes ofall banks which refused to re- i, leein in specie; by these measures, aided la - Lhe favorable action of some of the banks ZKO Porou o -sta,&trnUU*SJ ILI t vittlessed an early resumption of specie ,i aymnents in our great comtimerci-il capital, u "romptly 111llowed in alost every part of b he United States. rhis result has been p alike salutary tothe true interests of agri- a !ulture, coinierce and imanulaciures; to Ic nulhic morals, respect fijr tie laws, and that it !uniidence between mant and mtan which n a ao essential in all our social relaitons. p I'ne contrist between the suspetnston mi lbi4 and that of 1S37 isimoststriking. The e ;hort duration of the latter; tit- prompt t restorationi ot 1.usiness; the evident bele- I its resulting from an adherence by the n LiOvernlinent to the constitutonal stauda i f if value; instead of sanettuitmg the suspen- s toun oy the receipt al irredeeiaile paper; 11 and the advantages derived from the large s amount of sp. cie introduced into the coutl- 9 try previous to 1837. ailord a valuable Il- (1 lustratsi oft the true policy oft lie tGoverij- [ tament in such a crisis; nor can the compari- s son tal to remove tioe mupre--sion that a I national bank is necessary in such mer- u gencies. Not only were specie paymensa I resumed without its aid. tint excIIanges i have been more ruidly restored than whenl it existed; thereby show tmg that praaie I capital, enterprise and priluence are fully a adequate to these ends. oil all tuese points i experieince seetmis to have confirmised th views heretofore subwmittel to Congress. U We have been sav. d the umorification of 1 seeing tie distresses ofi te colmimlunity Ib m the tuird tine seized otn to lusel upoi time I country so dang-rous an ma13titutin, and I we may also hope tinamt the business of ini- I viduals wvill hierealier lie relieved fromn tihe imidurious efl'ects of a conitiinued agitation o.f that disturiing subject. 'lThe Ilimited in fluetnce ofa tiational batik m aver. ing de ra gemnent ithe1wexchanmtgeso. tue country, or in coimpelimg time resuimpion of spei piaynmnts, is now niot less atpparenmt than its tendency to increase iniordmamzte speco-4 lotion by suddlen expaunsiomns andu conitrac lions; its disposition to create panic and emi baerrassment for time promotioni of is ow n designs; ius interferences with politics; amti its far greater power for evil than for goodi either in regard to time local m,=ttnt unms or time operationisof Governmnenit itself. Whamt was, in these respects, but aicpprehiension or opiniomn whben a nationmal batik was first est ablished, now staiits conitirmied b3 humdainilttg experiemnce. T'he scenies thrni whmmch we hmave pcassed, concclusively prove how little our comnmerce. agriculture, mani ufaictures, or finiances, reqluire such ati in stituttioni, amid what dantgers aire attenda~ on its power-a piowor; I trust, never to be conifetred by tIhe Amiericani peopule uponm their Government, and still less upon mi dividuals not respen'mble to them for its uniavoidable abuses. My conviction of the necessity of furthmer legislative provisionse for the safe-keepinmg and disbursement of the public monmeys, and mtyop)iDtOn in regardl to the measures best adapted to thme acompshmenmt of those objects, have been alread y submit ted to you. These have buetn strengthened by recent events;and,ia the full convictionm that time and experience must sitti furiher de mnonstrate their propriety, I feel iit my duty, with respectful deferetnce to time contlictinig views of other,, again tQiovite.3t9ur atten tlan to thorn. With the exception of limited sums de posited it the few banks still employed inder the act of 139, the amounts received. 'or duties, and,with very inconsiderable ex :eptions, those accruing .romn lands also, .ave, since the general suspen-siou of Lpe. !ie payments by the deposite banks, been ept and disbursed by the Treasurer. uu, ler his general legal powers, subject to the uperinteudenceof the Secretary of the 'reasury. The propriety of defining rore specially. and of regulating by law lie exercise of this wide scope of Ezecu iv discretion, has been already submitted Congress. A change in the office of collector at - ne Ol our principal ports, has brought to git a deialcation ot the gravest character to patticulars ul which will be laid before ou n .t special report from the Secretary I the rreasury. By his report and the cConlpanyiog documents it will be seen 'ui tie weekly returns of the defaulting Iicer apparently exisibited, throughout, a kthftil administratiou of the allairs entrus :d to his management. It, however, now ppear4, that tie comnienced abstracting ae putiic moneys shortly alter his appoint ient, and contioned to do so, progressive increasisg the amount, for the' term -of ore than seven ears, embracing a por on of the period during u hich the public oneys were deposited in the Bank of the uted States, the whole of that of the tate bunk deposite system, and conclu ng ony on his retirement from office, ter that system had sub-tantially failed, consequence of the suspension of spueio iyment,. Fie way in which this defalcation was long concealed, and the steps taken to demnify the Uuited btates; as lhr as prac. :able, against loss will also be presented you. lTe case is one which imperative claims the attention of Congress, and rnine-, the strungest motive f1or the es blishinent of a more severe and secure Pstem for the saie keeping and disburse eut of the p ulic nioneys than any that is heretotore existed. It seems proper, at all events, that by early enactment. similar to that of her countries, the application of public. oney by atn officer of government to pri ite-utes, should be made a felony and sited with severe anti ignominious pun tisent This is already, in effect, the w in respect to the mint, a"d has been -oductiveot.u,e,,oyi eJfath,.,emosttga ensure, bince much of the public moneys ust in their collection and ultimate dis irsement, pass t wice through the hands of ablic oflicers, in whatever manner they re imtertnediately kept. The Govern eti, it tmust be admitted, hais -een from - commnencement, coomparalively fortu ar in this respect. Lot the appointinl jwer cainot always be well advised io a selections, and the experience of every )untry has shown that pulic ollicers are it at ull tites proof against templution. is a duty. thereflure, which the Govern ent owes, at well to the interests com% nitte to itf care, as to the officers them !Ives, to provide every guard against -ansgressious or this character that is con istetit with reasoti and humanity. Con ress cannot be toojealous of the conduct 1 those who are ititrtsted %it,, the publiu soney; and I shall, at all times, be dispo Pd to encourage a watchful discharge or lis duty. If* a more direct co-operatiou n tile part of Congress in the supervision f the coniluct of officers entrusted with ie custody aa application of the publia loney is deemed desirable, it will give me lenstre to assist in the establishment of ny judicious and constitutioual plan by Ilcih that object may be aecomplished. 'ou will, i your wisdom, determine upon lie propriety of adopting such a plan, aind pun the measures necesstry to its eflectu,. I execution. % lien the late lank of the united States was incorporated and made lie depisitory Of the tublic moneys, a ghit wais reserved to Cotngress to inspect, t its pleasuire, by a commsitte of that body, he books and piroceesling~s ol the batik. Ott onel the states whtose banking in ttutions are suipposed to rank among the irst in pmoitm or stnaihty, they are subject o consitnt examstinationms by commission ;rS appoiumed for' that purposlxe. and miuch II thte succe.s of it. banakitng system is at ribiutedi to this watchful supervision. The Liamte course has also, itn view of its benefi rial opieratmon, beetn adopted by an adjoin tng state, favorably knaown for the care it itas amywnys biestoawed upon mm hatever relates :o its ittatncial concerns. I submit to your :onsiderat:s,t, wheother a comamitte of Con ;'ess imighit not be profitasily employed in tbfiecting, at sneh itnted'vals as tmight be lemied prtopier, the all'airs anid accounts of >thicers entrusted with the custody of the iublic moneys. 'lThe freqtient p)erforwn mece of' 'fis duty mighlt be imade obligatory >n thie commsittee in respect to those ol11. rer's who have large sutts int their posse. itOn, and left discretionary in respect to ishers. Th'fey might report to the Exece ive such detaleations as were f'ountd to xist. with it view to a pirompt removal r'om olite uness the defatult n as satisfac cor:3 taccounted for; attd report also, to Uongress, at the comnlmeement of each Sessiotn, the result or their examninations mnd proceedings. It does appear to tme thatt, with a subjection of this class o' puob 1e oflicers to the getieral sapervision of the Executive, to)examninations by acom muittee of' Congress at periods of which they shotuld have no prevous notice, and to prosecution and putnishmtent as for fela ny for every broach of trust, the safe-keep ing of the putblic tmoneys, uner the sy., tom proposed, mnight'te placed on a seres'