University of South Carolina Libraries
"We will cling to the pillars o the temple of our liberties, IN.LA OR E , "E itr.and it it must fall we will rish amidst the ruins." U1MD9E L VOLUMIE 3. amrm- .a . aasssa.N .7 Tike Edgefield Advertiser. IS Pn1i.istino EVERY THURSDAY MORNING. TERMS.-Thsree lioliars per nanmun ir paid in aldvatce,-Three Dollars and Filly Cents if paid before the expiration of Six Months from the dato of Subsription.-uand Fonr Dollars if not paid within Six Mouths. Ssihcribers out of the State are required to pay in driner. No sulscription received ior less than one gear, and no paper discontinued until all nrretrages ire paid, except at tte! option of' the Editor. All subscriptions will be continued nlessother wise ordered, at the end of the year. &1& Any person procuring five Sibs.fers nnd becoming reiponsible for the same, shall receive the sixth copy igratis. Ataysu-rserNors e tonspieotusly intied at (13. cents pter sqptare, flor the first gisertitm. ail 4#-j cents for each continuatice. Adveriiseients not having the nuier of insertions marked on theti. will I:: continued until ordered out, and elareed nec(rdingly. All Advertisement intended for puilication in this paper, must be deposited iin the Oliee by Tuesday err-uhno-. All contiiiieations addressed to the Editor, (ros-r'-rao) Will be promptly and strictly at tended to. BLOCK TI% AND -JAP.A 11P alR E. T IE Suseriber has on hand a very larye -stupply oif ready made TIN WAII-. of all descriptions, which he oflers at whole sale or retail, at ns low prices as can lie af firded in this part o the country. ie has .aso a larine supply of the necst fashion of J A PAN WAR l.stogcther with English and Block Tin Ware of excellent quality. Also Copper and Sheet Iron Ware-Sheeting and hirazin Copper,-Block tin, Stove Speter, mal Tin Plate-all of which ie of fers fhr sale low for cash, at No IiS troad streer. Aiaustia. 11. . ChFW. The sticriber being truly thanlfunl for the ve ilirraI aitrot s g: lic generally, respectfully solicits a conti nanec of their favors-and oflers his servi ces inl either of fle following branches of his bnsiness-Copper Tin, Sheet Iron. and Itoofing. B. F. C. Angtat, Ga., March 5 tf'5 A CARD. H . .FF ErE liS & Co. aeknowl .ie eges renewed oligations to their friends and entlomers for the very liberal patroinige hretffore liestowed oi theln, a t beg leave to aInoinlie, that they have now on hand, and will continte tel receive, a vell selected assortment of GOODS, contsi-ting. (:I* Blrowni and Loaf Sugar, Greeni and vhite Colli-e. N. 0. &. Star Ilouse Molasses, N'.ine and S pirils of tie lest selection, Canal Flo-,r-whole and half Rbis. Male R1ope and Ba.ging, Ironi and Steel, 'Toogeviher wvith all ot her articles in the Gero r ry Line :which they will sell, or mid to Order, WUarranhd Good, at ilie lowest imar ket Prices They also entinue to transnet Comais sion Ilusiness, ineltulin receiving- and for warding of Goods; and tender to their friends assurance of their best atientioni to Order, in.that line of* liusiness. 11ailurg. March IS38. tf 5 The Pedtlcton Messenger will insert the above four times anu senl their bill for paymien. t to 1. LI . J. NOTICE.X I.I. pIersonis imib-hte'd to the* estuate of Sauie" Cahhv('ub~ell Fsg1. late t'f.bbeville h)istrict dee'd are rerpse-,ted to mtan paymient innniediately, andl thotse having -demiils to piresenit thema duilya at tedttd within the time pjrescribed by law, to eier of the .ubstcribers. .IIN COTIlII AN, J. L,. Pl.A lSON. :id''rs. .Vo le e. LL.1 Persona inidebtede to the late Mrs. lIe I a hetui .\1limia, dheernsed, nre retnestedl to quake imminite pay tmentt, anid till perisonsa haiv ing demiandes nynaitsi the estate of' stid dleca-ed tare respuested to paresent thiem' duily a ttested. lII:NJ. MIMS, Excutor. Dec . ,187 . - f 45 .iO TCE. ALL Pers'ms indlebted to thuelate Chrir tiani Breithauapt, deceased, aire regtEsst ed to muake imnmeduiate paymeant. And all persons huavinag demnds agaiinst the estrtu of said deceased tare reg1iested to presenal theta dutly attested. JOlIN BAiUSKETT, Kr'ar. I'fli. 25. .'--tf Eistorienut ('ollections of li. ('uroinnm. 1E YIt. RI. C ;I R R I.,. ,i lllS ,\ ork is noaw ready fordelivery to Sm:ha ,scribiers tat the store of' C it. D~wd, in thi, phei. .\ Afew extra ctipies for sile. -M E DIOINE. D S. LABI )l lDIC & M IMS will at - tend to any parotsionalt calls whieh liev miay receis e in Toiwn or country. ,( U f3 From the Lcrington 4tcl' neeracr. TO "VENETi. Ile lov'd her though lie told it not; But oft was lieard it) praise The girl whom lie had neier forgot, Simie first he met her goze. And as they met where pleasure bcamid, And shone from beamy's eve, lie jo yons as a bird would see'm, A he suppressed each sigh. Ile knew another lov'd her well. And thought that love was tlest And e liwas too proul to) tell That which his heart confessed. For they were friends, the hapless two, V ho si- hed for this one's love 'au thlie other's secret knew x .ibl n1ot treacherous prove. T- cne is .oine, the other now theo s, 'er his would mate ; k ,e clouds or sorrow shade his brow, I Ne iourns his hopeless rate. Ili every thought of love is hcrs T14) her his leart is diven inl his every dre.ams a ppears Like wie pure soul fi-om Heaven. To her lie warts his midnight sighs Racked wi'h love's maddeninig, flame, Aaid though no voice to his replies, lie calls on her loiv'd1 name. WVEST'ERN BARD. MIi8scellanconts. lETRIFtFD IUFFALO.--This extraord ina ry curiosity vas discovered abont two years siiec, by some trappers belonging to Capt. ilent's company, lying on the side of tie heaver datits of theilto Grande of the North. (a stream emplying itself into the Gulf of California,) whose aters, iti sg ij.jjV: . J *;C ~. .. gree, its shores abounding in specimens of various 1tni1al nnd vecetale productions inI a petrified state. The petrilied Buffalo is described by those n. ho have seen it, to le as perfect i) its peirefiction as when living, with the exception of a hole in one of the sides, about 4 inches in diatner, around n hich the hair has been worn oil, poroba lily by the friction of the wiater, in which it iumit have lain for ages past to have pro duced sueh a phenomtienon. The hair onl the h ump,shoulders, neeck, forehuend ntjd tail, dhough concreted into almost a simIoth sur tec may be easily discerned. The horns, eyes, nostris,ionh and legs, nre as perfect in their stone, as in .hJeir pristine stalt& The cou'try in which this rare specimen was found is iihabited by the . Eneaux, a roving tribe of savnges, who subsist a great portions of Ilieir lives oi insects, suakes, tonds, roots, &c. The tribe being particti harly hostile to the whites, retnders the tie Iiatition of this enriosity not a little hazard oniue; notwithstanding thiis, and iany other dlilliculties to be surmounited, sueh ~as dis tane, expetnses, &c. Upt. Bent conlam plates, procuring and bringing it into the U. Stntes during the ensuing autnun. The enrious may therelbre antiipate ain extraor dinary treat in the course of the winter. l'roi the Florida lhIchman. EOveATION OF Cnitwtt.N.-We Iublish ol the first page of to-day's paper a very interesting artic'le oin Ilie curly treatment of children. As lite subject is one of great in terest nnd imiportnce to parcnts, we hope ihevy will give it ani attenrive perusal.-Wea hatve lonig been coinvincedl of flhe grealt imn impijropjriety of subjecting chiben of a teng dier nge, to that sever~e appijlientioni 1o sttudy w hich moriie app~hropriattely belongs to) miore a-'lvancer~years,andxc whonse phlysicail potwers are mioire adieguntte 1to suistain the indto in its a:rdoltus toils. A child wvhn possesses ai mot01her of'ordinnary inidtitry anid intelligence Ineedo niot enter thle door of a schooinl hotuse, until lie lhas attained the age oit eight or ten years; andh even ihien, his literary tasks erwise, thongh lie miay' nequtire the up pel ation of ''bonk-worn,," "literary, pirodhi gy " &c. yet he will be at last, comapara lively, hut a wvormu, either in mental oir phlysicail strength. We tire for children beaning all that they cenn, wvithonit disgtust ing themuu with books. anl enifeebling at ilie very outset, the energies-of mtind and body. Let ai chuld1 enter the school-room as lie Iwouild a flower garden, with gladniess andl delight-let him rove nineh at his will, gathierinig in his progress such flowers as miay pilease lhis young fancy-let he henti ties oif scienee he gradtunlly uinfo'dedl to1 hi v iei w-let strenglhninug reamson utrge its strong ar'gumnents in favou r of kniowege-ntrottse his anmbition ;gra dually lifi fiom life's sittage lie curtain, and let htimi see t hat uiponu his well d1irectedl andl conttinuedh ellorts, de pends his successful and uiseflh eterer iln this -vorl, andl hiaippiness in the other,-ttnd if a child piossesses the proper elements. he wvill isie to usefuliie's andi~ honor, anid his pahiwaty to fmnal success ill be one0 of' p le asuire, Chilblren are too generalhly viewed as mere m-,chuiniies, t ,anuhh l tis h mpon .a .,.... force. entirely, and not drawn by motives From our own observation, we are led t believe that every child of ordinary capaci ty who has arrived at the age of six years can comprehend all the reasons, in ravor o: earnest effort in the pursuits of knowledge Young as lie is, his mind may, if polwVl and patiently directed, he made to discover the excellence of wisdom; the beauties that are to be seen and gathered in her paths: the glory that begirts the names of her vo tnries-the unwasting fullness of her gar ners. When a bright and useful career is held up to his young mind, and he is made nequainted with the means upon which his final success hangs, lie must indeed be an worthy of liberal culture, who will not seize upon them with eagerness. We have at present neither time nor space to cularge upon this subject EXThAORDINARY CASE OF ELECTRICAL EXcIT.:1ENT.---Dr. H1osford, of Orford, New lampshire, rilate-1, in the last num her (if Silliman's Journal, the case of a lady in lhat town, who became unconsciously charged with electricity, at the time of the occurrence of an unusual aurora borealis, on the 25th of Jan. 1837. This extraordi nary state continued until the middle of the following May, during most of which time she was capable of giving electrical sparks to every conducting body within the sphere of her electrical influence. When her figer was brought within one sixteenth ofan inch of a metallic body, a spark that was heard ;2cn, and felt, passed every second. When seated motionless, with her feet on lie iron stove hearth, three or four sparks per miuttle would pass to the stove, not iviibstandiug tihe insulation ofshoes nud silk hosiery. When most favorably circum stantced, four sparks per minute of one inch mid a half would pass from the end of her inger to a brass hall on the stove; these ivere quite brilliant, distinctly seen und aeard 11 any part of a large room, and aharply felt whien they passed to another Person. These experiments were so often repented that there was no doubt left of teir actual occurrence. The lady lint! no uternal evidence of this faculty, which was mly manifested to her when the sparks left ler. I1er health had never been good, tho' -he had seldom been confined to hier bed. ht- had sull'ered much from unseated neu -algia in various parts of her systerliir onie months previous to her electrical levelopement. ier health is now better hial%\ Welinwas not '/us'ed'hy't* te turora altided to, but that it was an appen lage of the nninaLsyste-n.-Boston Med. mnd Sur. Journal. Another lorer of the Queen.-A man of he name of Ash, an inmate in St. Giles's xork-hAiuse, was brought before Mr. Dyer, it Marlborough-strect office yesterday, to ie examined touching his santity. It ap renred that lie was perfectly rational upon -very subjiect but that of ;t supposed attach ieut to her Majesty. WXhten questioned, lie said that it was true be was deeply enn mored of her Majesty, and lie was certain that she entertained the same fee!ing toward im. Mr. Dyer: "Where have you had itn opportunity of seeing her Majesty " Prisoner: I have frequently seen ier at Ketisington Gardens." Mr. Dyer: "Aid what reason have you to believe that the alfection you speak of really exists?" Pris mier: "We have exchanged looks together, aind I feel convinced that she really enter ittis ain affection for me." Mr. Dyer "fiave you taken any measures to make her Majesty aware of the fieling you have towards her ?" Prisoner : --No; but 4 in tend to make a communication to the gov erntent ont the subject " lie was directed to lie taken to a lunatic asylum.-London A11113. A FEMAL.E IloasE 'THiEv.-The Uniti nore Suit of Monday gives an necount of the arrest of a horse thief on Sunday at the Horse Market, who was, after committal to jail, discoivered to lie a woman. She had stolen the hor-e at Belle-Air, Ihartford ('onty, and ridden haimt to Baltimore. On the discovery of her sex, she stated that she was a niative of Yorkshire. lCngland and1( had wvorn male attire for three years. dutrinig part of which time shte had wjged as a laborer upon thme canal. The II. of Representa~tives of Kentutcky have rejected the bill for granting bianking privileges to die Rail Road, by a nmjority of 13l. Thie Charter, however, is comiplete withaout the coitcurrence of that State. and thme Banik is expected toi be put itn opieratiom: in October next, ini South Carolinat, North: Carolinta, and Tennessee. Valuabsle Disco'reg-The New Orleanm Pienyuine of the 13th itnstnt says-"A silvei mute of the richest dlescriptin wvhs yesterd1a3 discovered on the ground formerly coverer by Diamonds flotel, opposite St. Mary;u nmarket. The men emnployed in wvorkint this ine stucceded ini digginig imp somthting like 820,000J, all of the best Mexietin silver.' .-f long tail.-T1he t ail of Queen Victoria' urcss muensures 16 yards, aind weighs 24 pioundts. The Duichess of Keitt has the higi antd mtightty hontor of carrying the latter out of it, assisitd by three Right Ilontorabli ladies of ntobility. Otte account say~s tha Victoria has a very coarse, awkward figutr a large flat fotot, a beefy anele, and that he face is ugly as sin.-ludson River ChIro:1 T wo farms in Dnehess county, New-Yora have recenttly beeni sold at hauctiotn. Th prices at wshich they were struck off wver< one at $75 per acre, the other at $6G 25~ cts Donaestic News. PEECII OF MR. CALHOUN OF S. C. ON TUE Sun-TREASURY BILL. -in th Senate of the U. States Fb 15, 1838. [CORTINVElj uch are the difficulties that stand in the w y of the substitute at the very threshhold. Those beyond are vastly greater, as I shall nOW proceed to show. Its object, a ] have a ted, is to revive the league of State banks an ithe first question presented for consid eration is, how is this to be done? how is the lcgue to be formed? how stimulated into life when formed; and what after it has beqn revived, would be the true character of the league or combination? To answer those questions we must turn to its provis ion0. It provides that the Secretary of the Trnsury shall select *wenty five s ecie paing hanks, as the fiscal agents (ot the GoVernment, all to be respectable and sub stantial, and that the selection shall be con firnied by the joint voteor the two Houses It also provides,that they shall be made the lepositories of the public money, and that their notes shall he receivable in the duesof the Government; and that in turn for these advamtagcs, they shall stipulate to perlorm i certain duties, and comply with various conditions the object of which is, to give to the Secretary of theTreasury full knowl edge of their condition and husiness, with the view to supervise and control their acts, as far as the interest of the Government is concerned. In addition to these. it contains other and important provisions, which I shrnll not enumerate, because they do not fail within the scope of the objections, that I propose to urge against the neazure. Now I ask what (toes all this amount to ? What but a proposal on the part of theGov ernment to enter into a contract, or bar- I gain, with certain selected State Ianks, oni the terms and conditions contained. Have we a right to make such a bargain is the first question ; and to that I give a decided I negative, which I hope to place Onl Consti- I tutional grounds, that cannot he shaken.- i I intend to discuss it, with other questions growing out of the connection of the Gov- I ernment with the banks, as a new question I for the first time presented for conhideration and decision. Strange as it may seem, $he I questions growingout of it, as long as it has I existed, have never vet been4jrstdum,i alitf. ~IHow this has happened, I shall now ; proceed to explain. preparatory to the ex aimiat ion of the que-i ion,which I proposed. The union of the Government and the i hanks was never legally solemnized. It I originated shortly after the Governmenti went intooperanion, not in -any ,legal enact- i ient, but in a short order of the Treasury Department of not much more than halfito dozen lines, as if it were a mere iatter of cout:rse. We thus glided imperceptibly into I a connection. which was never recognized by law tiil i86, (if myn memory serves)hut which has produced more important after consequences, and has hind a greater con trol over the destiny of this country, than any one of ihe mighty questions, which have so often and deeply agitated the country. Tip it may be traced, as their seminal princi ple. the vast and extraordinary expansion of our banking systen. our excessive import duties. uncon-trt utional and profuse dii bursements, the prolective Tariff, and its nssociated system for spending wha: it I threw into the Treasury, followed in time by a vast surplus which the utmost extrav agance of the Government could not dissi pate, and finally by a sort of retributive justice, the explosion of the entire banking system, and the present pro-arrated conditionI of the currency, now the subject of our de liberation. Ilow a icasure fraught with such inpor tant consequences should at first, and for so long a tinie have escaped the altention and the investigation of the public. deserves a passing notice. It is to be explained by the false conception of the entire .sutbjecet of banking,wicih at that early period univer sally prevailed in the community. So er roneotus waOs it, that a haul.,tnote was thieni identified ini thes inda of the publlic withI gold and silver, andi a deposite in batik was re gardled, as under the most safe and sacred custody, that comuuld be devised. The origi nal impression, derived ftoma the bank of Atimsterdatn, where every note, or certificate ini circulation, wvas hIonestly represented by an equial and specific quantity of gold or silver in bank, and where every deponsite wvas kept, as a sacred trust, to he safely re.. tutrnied to the depositories, when demanded, was extetided to batnks ofrdiscount, down to the time of the formation of onr Govern metnt, wvith but slight miodificationis. With this impression, it is not at all extraordin~a ry, that the deposite of the revenue in banks bor safe keeping, and the receipt of their notes in the public dues, sh~ould he consid ered a miatter of course, requirinag no hlgher authority than a Treasury order, and hence a cotnnection, with all the imp~ortant quies lions behongim to it and now considered of vast malhgnitu e, received so little notice, till pubhlie attention was directed to it by its recent rupture, This total separation f'rom the system, in which wve now find ourselves placed-~, for the first timec, auhorises uad dle antds, that wye shall investigate freely andi Ifully, tnot only the consequence of the con tinectiot, but all the questiions growing out r of it, more especiall those of a constitution -al character; and Ishall in obedience to this demand return to the questiotn from ,which this disgressioa has carried ine so far. i Ihave we then the right to make the bar ', gain ~proposed !H ave weo the right then -to bestoiy the high privileges, I rnight ay prerogatives, on thenm of binm..od.. th -. positories of the public revenue, and of having their notes received and treated as gold and silver in the duties of the Goveru ment and in nil its fiscal traosactions ? lHave we the right to do all this in order to bestow confidence in the banks, with ifte view to enable them to resune specie pay ments? What is the state of the case? The banks are deeply indebted to the coun try, and are unable to pay; and we are asked to give them these advantages, in or ter f6 enable them to pay their debts. Can we grant the boon 1 1n answering this in portant question, I begin with the factthat our Governmeut is one of limited powers.-w It can exercise no right but what is specifi cally granted; nor pass any law, but what is necessary and proper to carry such pow er into eflect. This small pamphlet (hold ing it up) contains the Constitution. Its grants of power are few and plain; and I ask gentlemen to turn to it, and point out the peower, that anuthorises us to do what is proposed to he done, or to show that,to pass this substitute, is necessary to carry any of lie granted powers intocifect. Ifneitier Cn be shown. what is pro posed, cannot hic emistitutiounally done; anti till it is splecifi ally Irinted out, I am warranted in believ ing tl:t is cannot bg shown. Our reason is ften conrounded boy n mere name. An act, in the nminds of gpuny nay become of doubtful constitutional 'na Ahority, when applied to a bank, which mone would, for a moment hesitate to pro tounce grossly unconstitutional, when ap Alied to si) individual. To free ourselves ro-i these illusions, I ask, could the Gov Irnment consitutionally bestow on individ mis, or a private association, the advanta. res proposed to be bestowed on the selected >an -s, in order to enable then to pay their lebts. Is there one Who hears ate, who vould venture to say, yes, even in the case if the most extensive merchant or mercaa ile concern. such as some of those in New Vork. or New Orleans. at the late suspen ;ion, whose embarrassments involve entire iections in distress? But. if* not, on what irinciple can a discrimination be made in havour of the banks ? They are local n;titutious. created by the State for local wurposes, composed. like private associn ions, of individual citizens, on whom the iets of fie States canuot confer a particle >r constitutiunal rights under this Consti ution, that does not belong to the latin ilest citizen. So far from it, if there be a .aovernment thnn tle individual citizens. vhlo, by the Constitution, are expressly luhjected to the dirret action of this Gov nment in many instances; thile the State Minks. as eonstituting a portion of the do nestlc institutions of the States, and rest n4g on their reserved rights. are entirely be ond our control, so mctteh so, as not to be he subjeet of a bankrupt law, although the tuthority to pass one is expressly granted by the Constitntion. - Oin what possible ground, then, can the -ight in question be placed, unless indeed, m the broad principle that these local in ititutions, intended for state purposes, have eetn so extended and so connected them telves with the general citculation and bu iness of the country. as to af'ect the inter .st of tho whole country, so as to make it he right and dutty of Congress to regutlate htem, or, in short, on the broad principle )f the general welfare? There is none ither, that I eon conceive ; but this would 'te to adopt the old and exploded principle, it all tines dangerous, but pre-eminently to tat this .tine, when such loose and dan erous conceitions of the Constitution tre bhroad in the lnd. If the argument is ;otil, in ote case, it is good in all similar eases. If this Government may interfere with any of the (tomestic institutions of the States. on the ground of promoting the general welfare, it may with others. If it matny bestoiv privileges to control them, it may al.o appropriate money for the same purpose ; and hui s a door might he opened to on interference with the State institutions, of which we of a certaina section ought at this time to be not a little jealotus. Tlhe argument might be pushed tmutch fuarthaer. We tnt only ollfer to confer groat and imnportat privileges on the baniks to be selected, butt, in tutrn ask them to stiptulate to coimpjly with certain conditions, the object of which is to bring them uinder the super. vsion and control of this G3overnmnt. It migh~lt be asked .where is the right to p~urchiase or assumea snch supervsiont or cotrol? It might he repeatedi, that they are St ate inastitution4, incorporated solel'y for state purposes; and to lie entirely untder State control, andi that all suapervirsion on ouir part is in violationi of the rights or the States. It might be argued that stich super vision or control is calcuilated to weakon the control of the States over their own in stituations, andi to render them less subser vient to their peculiar and local interests, for the promotion of which they wore estab lished ; atnd too subservient to oither, and, perhaps conflictinag intterests, which might feel btit little sympathy with those of the States. llut I forbare. Oilier, and not less urgent objectionus claim my attention. Totdilate too much on one, would necessari ly sacrifice the claimn of the others. I next object, that whatever may lie thic right to enter into the proposed bargain, thac modeo in which it is proposed to make It ih clearly tinconstitutional, if 1 rightly coim prehentd it. I am not certain that I do0 liut, if I understanud it righitly, the plati is for the Secretary of the Treasury to selec twenty-flveState banks, as described in tht substitute, which are to lbe submitted to tie t wo litases to be confiarmetd, or rejected, by thieir join~t resolutions, without the approv al of the President; in the same matde, a~ they 'would arpoint a chnolain., or establisl aljult tilb for the governtnent of their pro cbedzgs. In acting on the joint resolution, if what I supposed be intended, each Iouse would hatre the right, of course, to'strike from it the siame of any bank and insert another, which would in fact veast in the two Hi-nses the uncontrolable right of making the selee tion. Now, if this be the mode proposed, as I infer from the silence of the mover, it. is a plain and pla)blo violation of tho Constitution. The obvious intention is tit invade the veto power of the Execuotive, which cannot be, without an infraction fit an express provision of the Constitmuin, drawn up with the tinost enre, and inIC1ed ed, to prevent the possibility of evasion. It is contained in the first ariice, 7th sceti,,n and the last clause, whiehi I ask the Secr<. tary to read : ["Every order resolntion, or vote, to which lithe coacurrence of the Sennte nid House of Representatives may he neces ary, (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the Presi'dent of tio United States, and before the snme shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or be ing disapproved ly him, shall be repawd by two thirds of the Senato and I hotuie oil* Itepresentatives, accoiding to the rides and limitations prescribed in the Case of a bill.") Notlhingcn be more explicit, and fuill. It is no more possible to evade the Exc z tive veto. on any joint vote, than in the pa, - sage (if a bill. The veto was vestel in him not only to protect his own pow ver., but ,ns an addlitional guard to the Conisim: tion. I am not the advocate of Execur i , power, which I have orien been com. pelled to resist of late, whien extended be yond its proper limits, as I shall ever I.e prepared to doi when it is. Nor am I the advocate of Legislitive orJiudicial. I stand ready to protect all, within the sphere no signed by the Constitution, and to resist iliem bcyond. To this explicit and com prehensive provision of the Constitution, of lie veto, there is but a single exception, resulting, by necessary implication, from n nother portion of the instrument. not less explicit, which nuthorises each House to establish the rules of its proceedings. Under this provision the two Houses have full and uncontrollablp authority within the limits of their respective wall and ove-r those subject to their authority, in their of ficial character. To that extent, they niny pnp rov'al of the E xecutive; but beyond that, without it, they are powerless. There is, in this case a special reason why his apiproval should not be evaded. Tle President is at the head of ti Ad ministration Department of dhe Govern ment, and is esliecially responsible for its good inanagement. in order to hold him responsible, he ought to have due power in the selection of its agents, and proper con trol over their conduct. These banks would beby far the most powerful and influential ofr 4e agent.pf the Government, and ought not to lie seleeteAwilkot4t the concur rence of the Excentive. If thi sinis'titft - should he adopted, and the provisina in question be regarded stich as 1 consider it, there can lie no doubt what must bethe fato of the. measure. The Executive will be hound to protect, by the intervention or its constitutional right. the portion of pow power clearly allotted to that department by the instrument, which would make it impossible for it to become a law, with the existing division in the two House. I have not yet exhausted my constitution al objections. I rise to higher and to broad er, applying directly to the very essence of this substitute. I deny your right to make a general deposite of the public re venue in a bank. Afore than half of the errors of life may be traced to fallacies or iginating in an improper use of words; and among not ti least mischievous is the ap plication or this word to bank trannaetians, in a sense wholy different from its original meaning. Originally it meant a thing lae ad inl trust, or pledged to be safely an so credty kepit, till returned to the depositor, without bieing usedh by the depository, while ini his possession. Alil this is changed when applied to a depo'iite .in bank. in. stead of returnitng the identirel thing. the bank is tinderstoodl to be hiPnntd to return only nu eghnal value : and instead of not havinig the use, it is understood to have tM right to hoani it on interest, or to dispo-- ioi it as it pileases, with the siinglo coniditio, that an equsal amnount lie returned, " h:. demandeid, which experience has taug10 :. ntot always done. TIo pilace. theni, the jn! lie money in dleposite, tm baiiks, withoiut - str'ictioni, is to give the free use of it, and to allow them to mtake as much as thev. e.; 01ut of it, between the time of depoidte. a.nlI disbursmeiit. Ihnve we such naright? Theii monoy, belonigs toi thle peoplo--.cole-d frotm them ber specific pulrpo~ses,-inl wlh-h they have a general initerest,-and fr that onily; wht possible right cn we have to givo such tuse of it to certain seered corporations? I ask for tlie provisions of the Constitutions thtt authorizes it. I nt-k if we cotiuld grant the use, for similar par-. poses, to private associations or indliviul<l., Or if not to them, to individual ollicers the Governmet: for instance, to the fat r principal receivers uinder this lill, should it pass? Antd if this cannot be done, that the distincetiodf be pointed out. If thteso questions bo satisfnetorily an swered, I shall propound others stillimoro difictilt. I shall thon ask, if the substituto should become a law, amid the twenty-.fivo batnks be selected, whether they wvou'ld not in fnct he the Treasury? And if so, howv can it lie drawn from it to lie lent for the purpose of tradle, speculation, or anly other use whatever, against nu express provision of the Constittuio Yea ne m-..... ..