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- .E unrestic Iese SPEEVi OF.Mlt ALHQUN OF 8. C." Uti THE, SUB-'BascosUlY BLL.' Ia he Senate of the U. States Feb 15, W38. I regtrol this Inessure, wbich has been so muc deo'iiic-d, uiity little more than an attempt to carry out the provisions of the joint revolutions of 1816, and the de poJ% ' 1836. The former provides that-fio notes but those of specie patyiUg banks shilml be received in the dues of the Government, and the latter that such banks nly shall lie tie depositories or the public . - .nnes and fiscal agents of the Govern ,nt; lint it omitted to make provision for conitingenlcy of a general suspension of sie- ptvnients, such as is the present. !4)llowed, necordingly,'on the suspension .a-siy list, which totally separuted the ove Sumentit landi the banks, that the reven was thrown into the h1ands of the Ex TIC u1tive, where it has since remined under it! exclusive control, withoul any legal pro vilon for its safe-keeping. The object of this bill is to supply this omission; to take fhe public m11oney out of the hands of the Exetive and place it under the custody ol the laws, and to prevent the renewal of a connection which has proved so unfortu nate tio hinti the Government and the banks. But it is this mensure, originated in an exi geney caused by our own acts, and that seeks to imalke the most of a change effect ed by Operation of law, instead of attetiit ing to imuovate, or to make another experi ment. as has beena erroneously represented. which Ins been denounced under the name of the Suh-treasutry with such unexampled bitternesss. In lietu of this hill, an amendment has been otered, as a substitute, by the Senator from Virginia, furthest from the chair, ( lr. Hives.) which lie informs its is the first ciioice of hiiiiself and those who agree with him, and the second choice of those with whoam lie is allied on this question. If I my judge from appearances. which cann .miily decei% e, lie might have said their choice, under existing circumastances; anhd tim;e aidet, that despairing of a Natiotial ink, the object of their periornance, they have adopted- his substitute, as the only Iractcalo alternative at preseni. We have, then, the question tihus narrowed <iown to this bill and the proposed substitute It is agreed on all sides, that one or tie of h er must be selected, and that to adopt or re ject tie one, is to reject or adopt the other. The single question then is, which shall we choiosei A deeply moomentous question, which we are now called on to decide in behalf of the States of this Union, and on our decision their future destiny must, in a great degree, depend, so long as thiir Union endures. In comparing the relative merits of the two ieasures, preparatory to a decision, I shall touch very briefly on the principles and details of the bill. The former is well understood by the Senate and the country at large, and the latter has been so ably and lucidly expluined by the Chairman of tihe' Committee in his opening speech, as to st persede the necessity of further remarks on I or, ni1 sumary, accompanied by a few brief ob servations. The object of the bill as have already stnted. is to take the public funds out ofthe hatids of the Exectitive. where they have been thrown by operation of our acts. and to place then under the enstody of law; and to provide for a gratiduanl.atld slow, but a perpetaal seperat ion between the Govern ient and the banks. It. proposes its extend the proecss of separating to the year 1845, receiing unng the fitrst year oif the series tins notes oif such banks as many pay specie andil rednseinig hse-eafter the amoutit receiva ble iti ntes onte sixth ainnutally, till tine sep-. araitionl shall be fisnally consummtnated at the persiod nmentionesd. TFhe pirovi~~sons of thne hill are thne -nost simuple anid efleettual that ain able comtmit see couldl devise. Four prlincipail rseeive'rs, at few clerks, and a suflicienit numsbctr of a gesnts ton exainle the state of the pulice fimds, ill order to see thai all is right, at an nr nuaal charge, tnt exceedinig forty or fifty itouiami dlohlars, lit mnsst conistitte tine ads iso perfom aill tine dunties hecretnfsre dischinr ge:Y byv the banks, as dlepositorie's of tihe piubilic imoney a ntl fiscatl nigents of the Treas ntry. Thtis simpigle n;,paratums wvill plnee :he' publIic treasurny ill an5 indelpendenit font - a: anil give theo Gsivernmenit, .nl atl timles, at certaini comandas of its limdiss to hmeet its engagemie.its anid' preervec its hnsot or' and faith invioilaite. If' it lbe dlesirablec Io seperante fromt tine banisks, tile Goivern iien1t miust hnave somels inidependsent agency o~f its ow~n to keep) atnd sdistribiite the puiblic reventne; arnd if it tmusit ha~ve sneh atn ageni cyir nn tinmy opinioni, canl lie devtised moesimple, more economical, more-i effi-e tusal and safe titan thlit provided by thmis hillI. It is thle niecessatry resnlt of tine sepasrtioll, and1( to reject it, without p)roposing a bettetr, (if, indseeud, a better catn be,) is to reject tine sepieration- itself. -I tiow tarn to the subrstittute. Its oblrject is directly the reverse ofilhat of the bi. it piroposes to revive the league of State bnks, and to renew~t 51ur1 conniexionl with themt, one whbich aill neknowleudge ha*s coin tribiutedl so tmutch to corruplt thle 'ommltunity andI to create a spirit of speculationi, here~ toifore tiexamtpledh in onr history. The Senator itn offleritng it, whether wise ly sir not-lbas att least acted cotnsistsently. Ile wass its adivocate at first itn 1 0i , when the atltertsntivc wvas between it amid tine re-char ter of thte Batik oif the United States. Ile theti defended it zealously atid mnanfulh. against the fierce assaults of his presen't alhes. a lie now defends it, whben thtose, who then sunstatinesd him., have aliandlonedl the ma-rt'e. Whether wisely or not, there is sosmeting heroic in hi~s adherence, and I commilendt htiim for it tbuit, I fear I cantnot say as mutchi for his wisdom andi discretion. lie atcktnowledgedl, with till others, tihe dis niater5 that have fllowedi tine first experi -wnut, butt attribhutes the fuiluire to inatnspi 4'sst circumnstances, anfd insists that the .."rasure has not hadl ' fusir trial. I grant 1 it a siee.imdt expeorimelnt may succeed, i.- m first has failed , bunt the Senator mi . connedse, in retutrn, that every failture - .M w-eci'ssatrily weaken confidence, iioth - ~.a '-ipe'rimleni tis n lie experimenter. !-.- snt lie mnore contfident iti making ..',uiiro! tr'ii sa hn lie was ill the first: m I, *s , iloiiit ilhe succsess then, atnsd prefer rhe 'imuh Tireneusry toi his ienenie otsnkei he must excuse w3e for still'a4hering to my opkaion, and doubting the-vsucceua of his second trial. Nor e'ught he to be surprised, that those who should joiumbim in the first 'flhould -berather shy of trying the experi ment again, after having been blown into tie air, and burnt and scaldedby theexplo sion.-But if the Senator has'een unfortu nate in failing to secure the co-operation of those who aided -him, in the first trial, he has been compensated by securing tie sup port of those who were then opposcd to him. They are now his zealous supporters In contrasting their course then andl now I intend nothing personal. I make no charge of inconsistency, nor do I intend to imply any. My object is truth, and not to wound the feelings of any one, or any party. I know that to Itake out a charge of inconsistency, not only the question. but all tie material circumustanaces must be time same. A change in either, may tmake a change of vote necessary; and with a ma terial variation in circumstances, we are of ten compelled to vary otit course, in order to preserve our principles. Ini this case, I conceive that ercumstances ns fiar as the present allies of the Senator are concerned, hve materially chaunged. Then tihe option was between ta re-charter of tihe late bank, and tite league of State banks; but now the former is out of tie question, antd tie option is between such a league and tbtal sepera ration from tie banks. This being tihe al ternative, the mamy well take that, which they rejected in 1831, without subjecting themselves to time charge of inconsistency, orjustly exposing themselves to the impti tation of chaige of principle, or opinion. I acquit then, then, of all such chantgcs. They doubtless think now, as they fo- iner ly did of tie measure, which they then de nountced and rejected, but what change of circumstances now compell them to, sup port it. But it thus acqutitting them of the charge of inconsisteney, they uitist excuse mte, if' I shoutl avai myself of the fact, that their opmon renains unchan ges, as amt argument in favour of tle bill---gaintst time substitute. They are in fite opposite scales. To lake fromi the one is, itl effect, to add to the other, an objection againtst mite one, is atn argumneyt ealily strong in favour of I lie other. I then do avail imtyself of their imany powerful objections in '34 against tihe mneasure, which this subsi tme proposes now to receive. I cnil to mty aid, and press into my service every de nmnnciamion they then littered, and every ar gmnent they thent so successfully mmrged a gaist it. 'hey, no, we (for I was then as now, irreconcileable to the mensure,) ebar ged against it, anl proved what we charg ed, that it laIced the purse and tite sword itl the saie hnltd;s Ilhat it would be the source of buindless. patronage and corrup tion, and fatal in its cotseaiuences to ile currency of tite country; and I niow avail mIyself of these, and all other objectiois, then urged by us, iin as full force againist this subststte, as if you were again to rise int yomt places. and repeat thetm now: and of course, as so many argumients, itt effect, in fivour of tite bill ; and ont their strength I claim your vote in its fa'voui. unless, itdeed, stronger objections cant be uirged agarst it. bsay stronger,. because to be revived by this stubstiitte. What was then predicted is now fict. But wltat ever objectious have now been, or mtay be tirged against the bill, however strong thev ttmay pltpenr in mgnment, remiain yet to bte tested by tle unerring test of time and ex perience. Whether they shall ever lie re alized must be adili ted even by those who may have the greatest confidence in them, to be at least ttncertaii; and it is mite iart ouf wisdom nandm prudlence, wvhere objeetions are eq unaly strong nguminist twvo measuires, to prefer titat wich~l ism yet nutmried, to m that whicht has bteen tried antd failed. Agaitsis is conclunsioni mhere is bt otne eseape. It may be said, thait we nre somtetimies comtpelled, in the tmdst of thme matty ex tra'trdinnry circumnstances imt whichi we miay bte pulaced, tat prefer that , wie b is of itse'lf miore objectiaballe, tom thmat wh Iichm is less so; becaut iith ie ftrm er maiiy more probably lead, im the eti to satmie dlesiredl resumlt, thtan te latter. To apply thle priinciple mo this ense. It maym lie siad thamt thle substim mte, lihtigh of itself obje --timiniable. is to lbe pre ti'rreda, hieranmce it woutitl muore lira'nbly thmani the Bill, leamd mto the esmlishm mtent of a Na tiontal liamnk. wichrl yum btelieve to lbe the ontly certaminm remieady fomr a lithe dlisoradnrs that nlli-et te cuarrencey. I ad mit thea positint to bet' soundim in pmrimnciple, bumt it is onie ex ceedingm~ly hmold anda full of d atnger itt prae tiee, amnd onighi unever to be ated omn, lbut int ex tre'tme case<. antd whetra- there is a ramtiont atl protspeel of accomiplishming thea objict uin l imately niimtted am. The applintioin, itt thtis case, I atmmut tink, wotuld b~e ratshness itself. It miay lie safely assumead. thtat tihe suuress of either, whieb ever may lie adlop teal, mthe btill, or te suibstinumte, woutlad lie fi ti to thle estalishiimntent of a Namionial Batik. it cant ntever limt dlownm a succssfmtl mieasture to) te ius p lc; anda, of couirse, thait wiih is motast likely t fail, mtita re-plunmge thec enutt try ito alil the adisasters atf a dlisordlered :urrencey, its thait whiicht wouild most proba-~m 'ly lad to the restorntiont of a Nat ionmal Ilanik; antd to prefer thte subistitutme ottn ihat accounit is, ini fact, fo prefer it because it is time worst aof the two. Bitt nre you eertaitn that anoter exptlosion woumld be followed by a batnk? Wea have nlreaady htad two; anmd it is far moiare proabile, tat the thitd woutld impress, utniv'eralmly and indaelibily, alt the publiic mindtm, I lit thtere wvas some tinmg radlicailly andt inenrambly wvrong int thte system which wvoumld lowa upl the whiole caoncaernt, Nttiontah bank ad all. If I mmay lie permimedl ta express an opini ian, 1I would say you htave piursiued a courmse on this suibict unmfortuntate both for youtr mlves anda time country. You aire opposed both to time leaguec of baniks, andi then Sub tr-easutry. You prefer a National Bantk; ad regard it as the ontly safe tad certaint rcgmlamtor of the curreney, lbut conisidler it, for the present. omut aof tihe gntestion, atida are therefore comnpelled to cebaose betweeni time other twvo. By supportintg the sublstitutae, y'ou will be hmeld responisibile for all thte tms chief ad disasters, thait may faliw the re vival otf te pietianik system, as im has beent enliied, with lime atlmtost cermtin adefeat of youar firat anal cherishtead choaice: and thmose yout Oppose will reap all the bettefits of the ptower. patrontage anud influmence, which it may place in their hanads. wvithoumt intcurrinig anty piortion of the responsibility. Butt that ism nio al. The sucess of the sumbstitute wnoba ic thei defeat of rite bill. whu,.h. i~o,a 145 in like nijer, plac on"- yputhe responsi bility of itdefdat, and give those you op pose, all the advnntage of having supported it without t"Ty of the responsibility, that would. have belon~es to. it, had it becn a dopted. .itada dgifqrcnt course beetj taken -had you joined lo. aiding to extehd the custody orthe laws over the public revenue in the hands of theExecutive, where your own acts'have placed it' and for whibh you, of course. are responsible, throwing the blame at the salmo time on those, to ivhom you attribute the present disordered Itste of tihe currency, the burthen of the responsi bility, you would have stood ready to profit by events. If tihe Sub-treasumry, contrary to your anticipation, succeeded, as patriots. you would have cause -to rejoice in the uni expected good. If it failed, yo, would have the credit of iinving anticipated tihe result, and might thc ifler a double tri umpi of sagacity and foresight, hae bro't forward your favorite measure, wi _ a fair prospcct of success when every other had filed. By nlot taking this course. you have lost tle only prospect orestablishing a1 National Banmk..' Nor has your course, in my opinion,been fortunaie for the country. Ilad it beendi f. ferei.t. the currency question would have been decided at the cnliled Session; and ind it been decided then the country-, woulh this day have been in- a much hetter condi tion; at least the manufacturing nad con nercial section to the North, where.the de rangemnent of the currency is felt most severely. rhe South is comparatively in an easy condition. (To be Continued.) Fronm the Correspondencr ofthe Charleton Mercury. WAsINoTO, Fell. 28. The funeral or the lamnented Cinlle took place yestr'damy, at the Capitol, anud was conmducted with great pomp am i-eremo ny. An umusual number of ladies nud gentlemen attended. The feeling cen sioned by tihe cireurnstnnes of his deati, lens been increased by the publication of the "statcmtent" of time seconds, Messrs. Wise anld Jones. It is alledged that no cause ap peam for calling Mr. Ciliev out, and tt, tn the ficld, tie alfl'ir could not, under the rules of honor, have heen pressed, after the over tures made by 'Mr. Cilley's fiietili. This feeling is deep and universal; and it is be gmmnig to connect itself with party and personal considerations. As every one expected, the House has ta ken the imaiter i) in it very serious manner. As soon as the Journal was read this morn ing, Mr. Fairfield, of Maine, rose and asled leave to offer a Resolution, which was rend as follows: Resolred, That a Committee of seven be appointed to inquire into tie causes which led to the deat I of the I Ion. Jon. Cilley, late a member of this I louse. and the ciretun stances connected mtherewith, and report ie same to this House. Resolved,,also That said Committee have power to send for persons and papers md onve leave to sit .during the sittings of the o!. QfI. Mr. l ill ibijCectel to the introductiot (if me i eeolution, it time re.entm i& e, wit14it there wa; s, much agitation on t!.7 mbiIet Mr. -'airiield movel t -suspien 1mm .' 11. ruie., to enmable him to oier the Is -sobiu . andt it wats areed tO, Yeams 117, N m1%- .... .li I'*irf;l. mtemn oitered time. W mc!wien. witha rema rk merely that the i % .ii..i i in proposed was ettc to le <etnc.,eed and to the charneter of this lloue Mr. Wim. Cost Johnmien 4pp!'ccde di, i.. solution as likely to lead l ommh anl m,,eb-, commotion utd exciteimt . The iluh iv w"ould, ini his opiiont, eimrace maniny prmivate topicsc of a naturei' thait couh14 not lie allumdedl mo, wiithmout produicinig time tnost untpirt!;asant consequences. That Cominht tee wouild harve to prepare themselves wimth strainng ner'tves for time dhischar~ge of time duty1. lHe wvould not sit onu it. wrmitot aminmum imtself, andI htrneinmg his nierves, for the conflict. lie wotld go as fari as anty oneI ini replrolhnting mime cum torm of (duelling, amid int prcventinig it. lie disputedi time powter of tihe ilouse to etmer uponlt time propoisedi scrutiny inito time condnimet (It metnmers, withm or withmout somne spmecifme ebmarge. If anty mnembler would rise in his pllace nnd say that tiny parlmty to time dutel watis gnily of a violationm of time rtmles of~ honor, hie would chmeerful ly vote for thme lie smolution ; amid, shmould time ciharge h~e madie omit against any mewmber, lie would vote tol expelI him, nelt emnmy fi-om tis Iuse, but from time faee orn iatumre. Mr. Dawson,. of~ Georgia, thouigh, hie said, no otne ihere lfet more d1eeply grievced by the tragical aml'air whichi happented, wats 41o posed to time investigaion, ns. calcumlatmed mnt to1 agitate t his I iouisc, bumt this nattion. The 11mment timis. inivesligaltiomn Was com-l pmced, time publlic attenttion would lie Irimw Ecxclusively to it. Mr. Bell imtpl(oredI time Iloiose to pam use amid conisidIer what mnisciefs mmigiht grow utm of a rash moveitmnt on this mntter. Bitt time I Ious'e wais detrmined to have time itivestigamtion. andte time motioni to posNt plone wais lo1st, iby a large maj~oritv. After~ Mlr. Elmotre, oufSouthi (Unrolina, recmarkedl ilhat, ii time qutestionm was plresemmed ats onet oft pririlege, ihe shmouid contsier it his dlovt, sternmly ajind wvithuouti regardI to consequtenices, to imeet it. If iit was mnerelyimntendedi in p~rodneme nnm exp~ression of feelinig U!inimst dunellimng, Ite tihought it woIulmld eseiess, andu wiouild vo1te ngaiinst time Recsolution. Mr, Famirfieldi submseqmuently stated tihat lie it the proposim ion distincetly omnthle grnmd (If pirivilege, and lie modliil time Resolttin so as to direct time Commuite. Mr. F. tmore thani onice declaired, ini the deb'ate', that Mr. (U. wais called omit andmsho(t domwnl, for wvords spokeni in debaite, mud thait them' memmbor gumilty of' this breach if. privilege, ought to be expecled tromn this hiouse. in ordler to prev'ent time risins dlispoition I for a gemnerail and excited debate, time lpre v'ious qustiomn wais rescortedi to, andi~, at half past1 3, time llouse pai~sed thle Rqtolutiont, bly anm uttlinense maljyrity, Yeas I .2, Nays .flp, and aidjoutrtned..i Every nlewspamper, of both aarties, thtt comes back toI us front time Nrot h, is fumil at demnunmciationi agaitnst thea perpeIrattors of the "muirder," ats they term it, amtiof de'imnds5 < for imnvestigattion. The cutrred~ of pola~~mir I feeling, out ofthme IiIottse, runis mnore stronmgly I against WVebb andu Mr. Wise,thian aganinst I Gramves.( lit time Senmate, to-diay, Ar. Fremu; gave not ice thazt lie wouhiimi merobei a Ihil to ) .ono'ress dueltlingK in the 1)istat; eel I eom bin. All tilat is noeonse. There aro-laws now iquidmst luellbng, both in Alaryland and Virain, under one of wbiech tle case collil be brought: and laws ofConress woule ie, in like mauner, a dead letter. - WAsusm u-tox AMarch I. In 1h' Senute, to-they, Alr. Davi. of Massachusetts. finisited his speecb agaiist agImiinst tihe Itndependent Treasttry Bill, and Mr. Slranmge of' No;th Corolina, look tihe floor, oan time ut her side of tie qiles iun. The Senate theu went into leei tive buisinless. ini the (louse of liepresenmimaives, when lie Journal wts rend, the fidlowiig i, genlenkiei were unnmouunced a.s tihe Select ComiIilttee? onl tle Rtesolution for inuiairy mto Ihe cir cumstances comieeted with the death ofil he lion. .Jonathanm Cililey, of Alninte, lit t member of the flouse: Alessr. Touiettv, ofI Connecticut ; Potte:, of* I'ennisylva .ill;' El more, of' Sothlm Carolina; iriggs. ofAla.'a chusetts; irtiuyn. i)f New Yo'rk; Iiarrison, of' lissouri; and Parisler, of Indiana. Alessrs, Birig- and liarrison were exensed rrom serving. onl thle gromnd mihat-iley lave too much Coitmmitttee hutimteness oi iaid Ulreatdy. A new rtle was aiopted to-day, inl re latiot to the idmis ioi l er.mns on time floor l' time I louse. It was ilititel to exclude Webb. of lit New York Cottier, aild smmie other. utishiel' imakers. It canl, how ever, have liit little elleet ill promoting time har monmy of time lionmse, provialed they are dis posed to be quarrelsomie. VAsunzc-roN, Marci 3. Alr. Cambreen.'s lill for the e(tblish ment of ai Iendoentdimi treasuV amid ihrj time restoration OF the contssitLtin'al currem ey, dillers a little from tile Senate Hill. It dispenses with a gtood deal of' time minai clinicry (i sfs anl valtit, aid simplifies tieoperatimn of* tlate plani. It provides for sevemnil depoitimries, at iostim, NetV York, Philadelphia, \Washintm on, Chartlestona, N. Orenicas, and St. Lomis; time Collectors at lstion Cifrleston, nnil New York, are to act as Pmldie Receivers; time Treasurer ofi tIme United Stattes is to i t in tihe sadlme ea pieity ni Washingtoin ; tie Trensutrer ltelii' Alint, at'hilbimdelpia ;:In Treasurv of, the liranch Mitit, at New ( 1rleims: Llil the Receivers of the Publie .ands at St. Lo is. The present securities and salarie:- illf the oficers will he increased. Twelve ami ilitional Clerks are prm ided for Every receiver of' ptie nionmey is to pay over tIll money received, daily amdi weekily, Is lie may be reiuired, to Imie General litce'iveTs. The provisioni for tle- graduaml resorntion I the constilntioiail currene, is similar to tihat proposed ly tie Setimiv ill. After tie sixth year, iolhing htt iard imlone- amild Government paper will lie receivel in' - mament of' time public dtars. The cliekls 'amimI truards filr tie preventtion of frrand<l te % ery 'mpe. .1lr. C. nill rall for tie consiera lioni of lilt Bill, :- mil ms time appropriatioi hiills arm mspiseii .f We atr ihim i.eth ';; uh. -,..., o; 10. m.oa i'~'. I hi I Ia. Xith :1ial' int) openi Ohw do4or ofi'I 11md1 suieced-d im breakina iff a e! '1.r 1rd Xheln .r, (:., ho14) S l ,o1d rtmdy, wVishI I ale d(ifi. jarrel :,atm, fired tipon him, and it ii it lo.ei, killed him. as time hoard lie belid %:I, wstneared w% ith illool. The fm mmily Io .i.illr. I. ere ina athe hous'e tat the time, nimnd bointh ue ;ad thmem ideservi, iine uc reii Ih r tie ir :iinr'age vim thema oceasimin.-llatchggumn. Czuani.:m-roim, M:ar'eb 5. IFrom I'lorida.--We learnm by a hei stemaer amies Aidamis, froimtm Inmdiantfliver (V'iiiriida) lhat thle fitrtiher' aessa thio ' ohost ilitie's, tai umninneaim fiw' 5 idays, toi allow thme Indmiam-- im omie in,. hmada beena nrired' to lby Gena. .1 e~sup, vhicih inedi nmot expmired at thme Inast aeountts romm time army. Somte imnrihe ar mmtiealam's odf time mtiann hioly f'ate of' a le late lm'. i eialies', have 'a meen commitaented tom ms. Infaorman~t ionm mu reebied Sm. Anmgstmiming ha 1)r. ILeimner vntms taken'm alive, byv miiw limiiamni, hmmt vr ei'lverl wommi'd-...rhey caimie tom thme coiri ' isiontom pi'iresere his. life., li rdera to amvi hemaiselveas of' his profes.~'siional 'eri'mces, a mil hae greaitest care' itoi mae hmi' sit mationm as ioimieir able ais poassibile. Afler' they' madl >r've'edled thlii ilt mac, howeveri, a vmoino~r~ mauiia.lilan, I ho had os t a rothe i time'hmtii. iih Cmii, Tiaylori's coimmansd, r'ushed'm umpon )r. Leitamer, asn hte liy sin a bilankerm, andim endlinr tsy a hmellishm yell, ilhot hmima il--mal titha his riflie.-CUouri, r. I'uron, lite -l/u:,.i,t 3ii'uiry. Imllth, for' :hte'.' ye I -:7. I.i-,'ibel're mm' \V umamiber ofi aloath s ini mii. i'aii 'Ingjit. tn 'aar w as;:h0. "etmlmes. in~lte, 55.> ;-ii-lmrs liale's, bbwki', I4 "i-' i oib e-r .,.n'.' aeimiles, bmineik, 1 : .\:mmi it:.-ism:, i .' 10,00)0, wiehi'l imi,!, ':- pn isporiima d'iemat aimn' isa forty' ei ' r. imim- 1 i a I' dili-rent varie'ieis ot i. ve i ii, mfiii nm iptiion ;>0 o iii' rhmini : i .r ah-l .- - IIi' flebility : 33: of' ibl :a': -,'.' mmli nimii us. 187 iof thae dai:Si' n ere of clii Im'enti uder -> yearns: - !? beit weem 70 an ggl j 7 hecrw'een 80) andma ii ; ii0tihe uee 90 andl (Il. andms onem orl er 1001 ye'ar aomu asge. Thuts 7 were''t Overt 70( erso nce. Thie re.pormt is'eajmai aly favo'mtu'rablem to mouri liimate, las we i mid Ihait 5 he14 mpeadingii ebar-" c er' ofi time weather' in duin: ertm ('ry' mmhi um time yeari, wlas fadir. (o 'a.m'v mt i, 'ltam'cih 10, 18:18. a mut in thme rearim ofi' lie S"tori' aof Al'smr... C hmanii ers ~& Cammpbiell. ini te tper part minf ilhs mlwn, mmian idstroyead twoi I narehoiiti-i'es and hmeir conitenmts, c'inasist ini omf mhoiur :l.10 beah-is f (Comitto, n mulilt)1 alocks5, 'Thea c'mon -i elongmeda to latera'ms iin thme countmiry, fori' rhiomi it wams storedm, anmmd thema eilocks to aa ii'rchan mt of' York(.-T,/i I'arone-' 'i'll UnsDAY, MARnCH 15. 1836. The attention of onr cilizens is called to the Conivention of* Merchants which is to aISimnmble' at Anltnsan, on tie fimt Monday in .\pril. It is a subject ofgreat impoiartane, and111 we trust thIaII . ge-ichl Ditrici will prove its interes by mnoving strongly iln tie aittcr. We are. repilrestedilo call a Publie meeting of our Citizens at the C. House, *r Friday the 23rd inst at 9 oelock, A. .1. wvilli the view of appointing Delegates. W comimence tihe publication of Mr. C.llhonln's Speech uipon thi(1 Ie tindepeindent T, vnsorv Bill. nd will concimilde it as carly is po-oihde. The- charrer of Ole Amhor vill cmaanimai for it Ile atetin of our readers. 'Mn . Couaerr, y's .F:c-'rt e nt.:s.--This gten Ileian litis just concluded a course' of Lec lures upon Astroiomy. to ;a large class inl uir Village. Being about to leave us, we mnniot withhold tle expression of our high regard for him, as a popular Lecturer and a gentleimnan. This nost attractive and use lii baunchi of Science, has not received the rittemtioi from the community generally to wi hicl it is cntilledl, and it is too mnmel the nolii i that the Star-ger, (a, ithe Astroio imier is oftfen called,) is but a half-witted sort If geninis. who is unitted for a residence upon this Planet. The time is comting when these erroneous noions will ie lissi pated, and Wiens, by commion comsent As Irolonmy. inl the liiigm:ige of a distin-nished Profes..or, will lie recogiized oir only " as he Queen of' Scienue, hit the only perfect ime." We give checerfully to Mr. Courtney lhe iiht of our himuible opinioi, a( re omm nerl bimn cordially to the Pnblie. CA VA.A.-Tle acconia s froip the Cana in frontier are vrowdiig upon us. but it is iicrpsible to gi: at the examct pmositionl of Il'airs. We know that there is a strong liso.;tauti on the part f mnany of our citi .ens io violate those sacred primiciples, vh iclih rbolil ,e ulate our iniercourse i ith I friendly ptower, and think, upon the 6% hole, tIhat tihere is some dangCr of a colli -ism wiih Great Britaii. Oor Government idoinr all inl its power to prevent it. To li-; enld, in addition to what has bceen done taretofore, ihe Iloue of Iepresiiatives ma vpased the Neutrality Bill. . Ofli, -aminennt of to:- ite duel .......,- *''l- i cctms '.e ' .t' ht w5e have' iin bii,.amin '. ph. r is m .~ . :w~ s. (ir Bn-n <.I -it :. 1 1, h t-tchnically called :n aqi'ir of ionor hetwLi n t%% o Iigh faume ionaries of Iie laniid, ammil conduicted as tle. aonorable friemis would m ale its believe ac iirdlinrg to t heict rui, nles of gent leimn anlyi iamrfare, ii iiiemnds t he grave andii salemni m itmeiinin (ir everay ciiizemn of thle coutry. Ilie moral inifluen'ce lutist he gmreaa, amid in s welilo trn it to thei best acionmt. Ne ver nee the iiieiainchiolv'tineetitig of limiilton Imid l in, hais an iis~aina ocen rrience am racted so lairge a share of publdic atientioni. I gives it, sincere P leasuire to kniow lh:m lie Congiiires.. of time N a tin has dleterminced 0 invest irnte mime anamtel, amid we hmope tha:t hme ('ode of Ihonor' inny now iweliurged of 01me of' its munzimirliess zaudt ics. The extracts wichi follow frotm amn excel aim attiic inm th' Chiar liston Courier, wsill niove mmtemrestmmng tio thle readeiir. .I..lellinmg, aultmhouigh pirevleniit chiefly in 1ivibized aiii chiistianu coint ries, is at I~es.t ha marbarmoins anieimd nchist iant ra--tice; bm lie ciricum,,itancies of'ci ithite personl dcoim. at. hem weemn less.mis. Gravi's if Kenmtnekv~, mmnd Cilhey of~ Alaine, n iihi terminiaateid In lae utimefy dleathm of the' minter, -taanmp it vimhI :'ciaac'iteir miaore thiianm nisnal ly mrevoitI ii i. So far ais we hatve beieni aile tio ib erem' iori iarnm, limt tome fe'elinrg iiofii hrrr onediol ei~ i~ite ar enus oafi honor.i caa itic oft tlhe th, atis ho mamer cninirom thie ra-plant i!:ity ofii tis atroiiioa:" af aim'. 'The chift weiiivh ut minmesodbl ay, icanithmar an.i a s:nae oif iranim' ua.:tji . iiom samouti emabor by that mm I'irma -ni:ihile nouti'et, ams a iitharbe oaf thme tcire anmmd meiod uner'' otf ouri mnaim:tna legis aturea. iiThe stamrmni tof t he rwov :.a''oaids s imws betfire ther lpublie ; andl weill motn. hey,' or: onte of ithim at least. expriess uhi'e :: tha m't mhm' tr~masctiion shitithl bi'ee f aiimh a' bauid ini sii'ice: bar a catse' ofi moreu 'obl lothi.id, wsa monaim dei iulieraae sacri eaf' hiumain ii fc ha ne aver baeen premsented ii lie ;mnma!s of c dueling Th''iie pub'l ientioni if tis~ tonmnt, iad thii cirni'imsanii es ofi hei Ii'.,ms ic' oiu, r'equimredm amnd demanded'a thei rmm of' mlhe pres; and w shrSmmik mnot fr'im ur share ofith' pai nfed mi hnt ntLeessoary ie dut."' A fter coiimaientin mm iost fi hily mapon tie atutre of'aim m thei (ovrsy ewe'3ess Iiley amnd G r: vets, andi th~e ha varins temps .t niegoi'im aion apoti mime fiil, mime Editors in omncilmsioni, r'emar mi "'Thme miioc'ker'y of Ifmrihe nii'egotimat ion was i'hrigith im mbadionied; and 'iir. \\ise ini a pin, wieb'i ii wetiamniotit ii':, tu. a. anmginarymm', mankes tihe re'vohamtin i derkm ion tio 3ir. Jonems--f' fhis nmmater is noma ter riitatedi alas shimt, I wsill prop~lose'Ii to e ahria lae distanmce,"' tio5 wichl ailr. ,iuares. rep'iliia 'A f'ter' t his shmot withouit Iefli't, I w ill cu,. aini thet pr'iiosition. "' limre t,.a ,a. ranaiilestedl a idetermintation flor l..i. iii'tion ti n~'lenn ' -t......rt.. ~ ,. coud nut posribl be to i.cw d or .idiialmIItI-an~d tils nbom,31iaht pIip,.ml itllicated tlat oie. victini .i:.:eA.t ma t be sacrificed (pnt the shi.ne1 (f ilese hnor--onle heart at least iusi bleed out its enerous tide oI life, and nunmerous teller bossomss he pierced w itlh Iseen anguish, t1 sntistv' a point of elignetLe. awl 111 NeCond of, tile Lhallet's ger talks of' shortening tiho listance to speed the aceutr-sed consum11 ti onlail iii ! 11ut the o Casion for the loimnly propo'nl never came. Tihe deadly woajpons are again3 levelled,and the bloody tragedy reaches its Cnastroph, -the gallant and uniortunate Cilley re ceives in a vitial part ile ball of his udver sary. and lie lies prostrui in instant death -cut ofl'in the prime of lil and in the misi of a high. usefu and honorable career -the Widow and tile orphan left sorrow strickci and desoltie--aid a whole country iestifyinig its syipathy with private grief and vense of publie-loss. Brave and latein ted spirit! the South will record thy gener un champltionship tohei'- riglts and Initeress and emhaln thy memory in grateful recol lection.ilthe mat ionii lainent~s the early quench in.g of thy bori'li m31glorious promise-and the tear of universai symnpathy will water tile n illow hat shades thy honored grave. W'! have mn:urely reflected on this w'hol tran'action. ats developed by the statement of' tile two seconds, and our reason as weil as our feeling, revolts at its shocking and wanton harbarity. It is marked by features w:hich betrav thatspirit titterly devoid ofso vial order,and fitally bent on mischief, that nalice prepense, which would suflice to sus lain ao indic ment for murder. Dlue:s as ordinarily conducted are much too gently dcalt with; but the present instance calis as well for tie scourge ofjustice, as of pub lie oapinion. The two seconds speak of their cordial agreement "in bearing unktuali fied testino::y ft fie fair and honorable manner in whicli the duel was conducted;" and the-y even prate of having been regula led in the allitr "by magnanimons princi pIles aid the lawsof humanity." The laws of' humanity have never been more attro ciously violated, mocked and defied-ithe code of honor has never been so grossly a bused, and as for magnaninity in the trans action, it consists In thle wicked gnibbling away of.a fellow creature's life. They say that the object of their statement is to allay excitement and prevent further controversv "uilpon a subject which is already so full ;f woo." They who caused all this woe have good reason to shrink fi-ont public contro versy-but %%e trust that, however desirous. tile friends o:tlose concerned may-V he to' hush ilp the transaction. the pres swill not stay its jus~t indignation, btt, on tie contra try , proelim trilinpel loo -ngel, tIllouglotit the Uni-on, the deep damnlation of this ti kin-, oli. Again, 1le.' seconds i.:',l us that :neither has alaken the least e'xception to tIh course ol the oiber"--this mav make lieo partakers of a common guilt, bitl caim lalliate it. Tho country will take excep tion to the bloody trantts:ieion-wlether viewed in reference to the Iaw'~ of' God. the law of the land, or even the lax code of honor, it hears the indelible marks of wilful and deliberate nurder." [oR ' I: .1 aA : . ; The me pry of our - a o in the recollection of ot1r e-Cial ;fill 3iitiuiglh the pleasures whib ." this sonrce me miiiled! . V ,i h m a. by the unfaililing obtrusion 4f the reflction It'it ticy can never he recalled, it is a feel itig 110m, painful inl its nsainre. The tiniver. sality of tihe ,.stitny wlaicihprononnees the paist irrecabsle, C3nciles to our13 lite 53nd( robls it of' its hsittern. It appears at first sight. pa in St ran ge 313= all men however vatrioust Iheir tils, shlon1 i-rivec ipleastire iroum reenrring 1(3 the days of1 t he, y'ouith. So far from a seasn of tnualloved~ enij'ymeni it lhas becen a ri:gorolls servituale with many amti of1 hlaras-sg resitraits with the llaslues of t hat partionl of' our1 cx. tene', woutlld steeln to b in a1 '2reat deigree of at mere aimaiiil nsaure; al e'!ass 411 en joymenlclts nt hiehi tihibrute crea~:tion 'shar(' inl possible thaut imeisllectuasl man:1 conlI I verv Learne3st ly cot I. A d. to this 1 ta t3u mletal Icapacits are4 thent nol.ev'eloped':, its immliltauri ty probabhly inlcapa~ble, of its highest grattifit i ons ad thle wsoler in crea'sses, 1hm3 'tut ini the mIidt o4(f all the' ad' vani!tges invlved inl thle poiesioni3 of' his f'ully ripsend I pwe(rs.I 3h-m(d sigh for the iral al inite'lan titil.tho.'.5. Th'lai the :1re ! delhsl~ tui ree':i and3 grieve us th3at we emotnli paor ik- it them is iknownit i mits iln my3 view of eatsy sltion131. The evilIs to which tmanho is)30 pee~1('3 nvi liaible asre thsose' from1 whlieb y,'lmb! is abno3st ita!|y e'xt'mpr. It is te naiturel of 33111 to rt gard( presentt et ils as greaiter than tI hose at II distance. II encse that condl~itioni of1 lifh whIieb~~ is un tn panaied bsy te evils whIich hei ntow' emlllirs, appearli' ill hi eye far pre fer'ableh to, hs presem' stalte. iTus it is thati piectsu. The14 abtsosrbsio enreCa's atud wa'sting antxiites" whilb wet is'w feel were thten tun 1. mm n. TIhte hleavinless of' spiril wvhich oft tilneis t''3w (o''pre(sse's tus was 3'te unfhiiLh. 'ITe ilhs.sions tot hiopje and~ pictures of fimttc uere 101 thien liarmre bsright ?331d dazzlini' ihant now' $anutinec amd aIrdIt we then': never f~'oreblodti pajin or' disapp~jOi- lo? me - W''ith siuscei'b ilitie's iof entjoya-ut 133 unhhut edl by exceess and( I in iig fitr'i ndlil ul re, w~ithI a keesnuess of' aip!'tit'' stimulIlated' bsy hut ""Ive':ty n i fresness of aill Suirr onad3ingi. ibjec;,., n~ iths an isstabti lily alI etnthusism ext '(trag~r le:I-ttre f'romt ill things, ytotb iiutt' nott itsese of satiety and14 reganils litf' as' 4one3 sene (of unch'l(eneredl re(velrv ando