Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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a Domtetle e ts. EXTRACT FROM TILE RJDIARa OF' MR. I'ICKENS, OF SOUTH CAROLINA, In the House of :Repreatatires, Jap. 21 183S. tOn the-Resolution ot3lr. Wise, declaring that Congresu has io 'poer under the Con stitution to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia &c., being .under consideration. Mr. Speaker: Before we proceed on this point, it would be well for us to call t6 Mur minds the circumstances and causes that indueed the acts of cession granting ju risdiction in the District. When Congress was in session in Philadelphia a mob creat ed great disturbance, and they found them relves unable, for want of authority, to pro teet themselves and their officers.. IIence it became .important that they should have some territory with exclusive jurisdiction over it. The object aid sole desire of Congress was to be able to protect itself, its oflicers, ad its public buildings, and make such other municipal regulations as inight he deemed necessary for the harmo nly, quiet, and independence of the Gov ernment. When we look at these circumn stances, and then compare the clause in the Cotnstitution conferring legislative power, we can come to hut one conclusion as to the -treat leading object of the trust. The wcords are, that Congress "shall exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such District (not exceeding ten square miles), as iay, by cession of particular States, and the ncceptnice of Congress, become the seat of Governmtent of the U. States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislatture of the States in whi'ch the same shall be, for the recetion of forts, magazines. arseias, dock-yards, and other needful buildings." " Exclusive legislation, " here cannot mean absolute anil unlimited legislation. This Government cannot legally exist in gay piisition without all the restraints of the constitution finding upon it. It is crc aied by the constitution, and cannot act in any sphere except under its specific grants. And In contend that it has all the powers here that the States can exercise within Iheir territories is a solecism in constitutional lhaw, for the states can exercise all their powlernot prohibited by the principles and spirit of theirowni constitations. or the cou stitution of the United States, while this Government cn exercise no power not specifietaly granted by the Constitution, or absoluately nccessaryto carry into efl'ect some specific grant, Exclusive legislation means that no other Government shall have con current kegislation. Congress shall exer cise, "like uthority," over all purchased for forts, arsenals, &c. The legislation and aitnhority exercised in this District, in like manner, shall be exercised over places purchased for firts, &c. If, then, Con gress is unlimited here, then it is unlimited in those other places where public works are. and if slavery can te abolished here, then, in like mainer, cnn it he abolished iii all those places in the heart of a State where there may be public works, &. All the power intended to be given was to citable this Government to protect and pre serve its public works and improvements, and "like authority" was intended to be given in this district, authority that nighitbe esential to carry out the legitimate objects of the original trust and no more. Any ex ercise of power heyom the obvious mean. ing and (plain intentions of the graut of power at the time it was g'ven, is a viola tion of its spirit and a per-. ion of its pur Again : The ninth section expressly ex cludes Congress rot prohibiting the imn potatiotn of slaves until 18t08. I fthet clanise givinig "exclusive legislation" emburaices the power to abholish slavery, then it wa cea ted wvithiotut lini tationt at the datte of the itn striument. ltut if Congress had, befoire 1508, attemapted to prohibit the im portat ion of~ slnves here, or elsewhere, it would hatve There has' beenu no new acqutireument of i'owter since thec date of that instrtttment, or enlargen-.ent of the provisions of the clatnse gratmincg -exclutsive legia!ction.' WVe can not do that induiretly which we cannot uo dlirec'.ly. And if Congress had abllish ed slavecry here pricer to I N)8, it would he - becen the' tiost efl'ec tual tmasure to prohniit their~ imporc)tationt, atad thisc they wier~e cleair by antd exprluessly prhiblilitedl fromt doing. I dio not refer to this sei'nutch as bieiing pri fectly concilutsive, as to showv that it wacs thei whole spirit and~ inatemih; or t he Contstit n tiont thmt this (Gomvertaaneit shoiil.l havec no poiwet to dhi-,tirh this delicate ntod exciting~ siuject. We all know tie extremne jiealousy that existed ainiong-t the States on this m1ilatt-r ait a le fouritmtiona of thle Cotnstiftstionl -so nomch so, thtat it was one eithe pirinei pal iilhienities in forming a ":mor-e pefc Is it to lie supposed that Virginia. senusi tive andl jcealotis ats ae was at that timie on the subhjeci of slaveitry, wotuld have- ceded a piortioni oflier territorvc ad citizens, if' lhe hadl, for ot n ometnt, contcived that tudcer the clautse in thieCon.,litmation couleritig le-gis lative pcowers, iliey wiere to b~e thrown at lie mericy of other interests, aind oilier sectiditi, antagonist to htersuelf on t his vital he fifth anmenmetcnt deelInres, that pi vnte property shall not -Io taken for publhie upse, ithou~it just coimpjensat ion. illuch less can it he takeni for pirivate tnse. It catnntot be taken except for pubhlie use. It baecomes itmportanat then to nscertamin wvhet her sa ve:s are pnrvatte piroper-ty! Anid hero let it he cbservedl, that there is a luose idea aibroadl, iat we hold ourj rights to that species of prop)erty uder the comnpromrises of the Conistittiont. We ihld them as originial rights, before and above the Censtitutioni coictmng from the Statecs in their seperame e'xistenice. Tfhe comtprotmises oif the Cons stittutiotn re-late etu nt-ly. to the relative rep resenttatiion thiat the States, as pioliticatl connuuntitities5, shiall have upon01 the floior: but this is not the source oh rigtits to us in tits or atiy other private property. The Con stituittn recomzesi- them. aiS prvt proper ty. Thle second sectioni appoi~rtioming outr representation, the clause enabling the own - er to recover 'his fug-itive slave, and the elanse. .sanctioning their impiortationt un til 1809, all show that the Constitution re cogn izes themi a's property, as things other thatn persons. TIhe judicial tribunals of the tionf slaveholding, as well as the slavoholding States, have all settledm this printciple. rThetn they entonot he tsnkeai no!) frp....hae use- What is >ublic usef If they were s nueed on our' blie worg, if'.t, wore v 'ded 1s a g emergegey,then: mig hf i they be taken just comlpensation. But :I A hero $ . 'at one thing clea.- tilang another, '4t is, that abolition 'Was not t the public use contemplated in the Con- I statution, They cannot be taken without just compensation oven for public use.- I How can ntouoy be drawn from the t public treasury, except through appropria- I tion by law? There can he no legal ap. I propriation, except to carry into cl'ect some i specific power granted by the Constitution, I or clearly implied as absolutely necessary i to carry into ellect some specific grant. There is no specific power to abolish slave- I ry, & it being itself'a high exercise of sub stantivo power, cannot be implied as abso- I lutely necessary in.carry into effect any other power. As well might we pass ap propriations to pay the people of this Dis trict for their cattle and horses, to give thetm the blessed privilege of running free and unrestrained over the barren hills and waste commons around this capitol. As to prin ciples and power, it is the saute. But it is said, all the States may eman cipate, and this District be left without the means of changing its condition. This is certainly any thing but a constitutional ar gumnent, for I anser, that even if this were to be the case, it is the Constitution, and and will be so until it is changed by the imper authorities, There is really no dif lie'uhty on this point, as those who choose can now enancipate, by deed or will. In connection with the constitution, let us for a moment examine the act of cession from Virginia. The proviso declares "that no thing herein contained shall be construed to vest in the United States any rights of property in the soil, or to ail'eet the rights of individuals therein, otherwise than the same shall, or may be transferred by such individuals to the~United States." Let it be understood that this follows immediate ly after the <laitse describing the tract of "country and partielnar extent of territory ceded. I admit the ter ms are somewhat Cttuivocal at first. If the words "the rights of individuals therein" refer only back to control the property in the soil, then they were of no use ; fhr utmler the Constitution alone Congress could not have interfered in tih freehold. One of the first principles of the Magna Charta is. that no freeman shall lie deseized of his free hold without the judgtsent of his peers, I f those words tmere mteant only to limit the power of the Governient oer the freehold of a citizen, then they tro a useless verbiage. Those who inaerted them must have'meant some thing mor'e. Vhe.n we look at the sensi tivetiess of Virgitia on the interesting and vital subject of the peculiar property of her citizens she was about to cede, we are led to believe that she must have meant in the words " rights of individuals therein," oth er rights than those of "soil." Connect this with the clauses in the Constitution, and no titan can refrain fron anemitting that it is to say the least of it, it dout fuil power, w filch every patriot inl n limited Goverment wouid refrain fronm claiing as under the Constitution. But. Mr. Speaker, I take higher ground than this, and contend that, according to the hill of rights, of Maryland, and the Consti tution of Virginia, those States themselves coubt not have ceded absolute and unre strained power over private property of any kind in this District. The citizens of this District had peculiar rights secured in their property by the Constitution of' their own States; and if' Virginia and Maryland had attempted to cede absolute Iwer over tiis subject, they would have violated the rights of their own citizens, and wothl have cotm nitted not a legal act, but anl act of force. Next to life andh liberty. these c'itizenes had, under the parsamount laws of' the adjoirning States, the righlts of prtopierty seetnred i I the miost solemn neal unqutalificed tmaniner. As well mtighut V'irginia niowv divorce f'roin hserself' anly portion of lhe' freceen, and id trantsfersi them. hound hand andI f'oot. to theo' jturisdiction of' N. York. ns to hasve thrtown1 the citizetis of' this l)istrict, itt thirt r'ightes to a peculiatr propierty, upoin the tuhrestr'aini-1 ed and tendfer mercty of' this Gover'nent. A gain . No Stait'e, fi'ott the Potontne a to the MIississippi. tttider' itso Contstitu tion t as it nowv statnds, has atny right to abonlish< shivery withfott the conesentt of theo indlivid-. uni ownters. I assert this upon that greaut I ,;pinipile of' Enigilih liberty, whIich is ini corporitatedl iio every' Cotnstittint, t hat nto l'reemtan shall lie de'priveil oif his property1 hut by ste judgeenit oif his pieer's or thie I laws oif thie land. The conistittiones nre',c the parsnotunt hawivs of' the lanid, whiich the action of' ito Goiveitmtent, 'on'stittuted sunder lthem, cate legally sttbverte. St.'tes muty do utnl'awf'tl ac's which their citizensc eetay atssenit to tor aecluiesce itn, bitt this doesr neot conistitutte legal authlor'itv. Th'lose Statest that hold .slatves sts propert'y, mcighit if' they e dlesiredl, aisseinble in.their convietions re- x piresettmg the soverchran pow~er of' thiecoim tmutnity for the specific qohbject of abolishitng lI that property', ancIdie peopleia mighet choosea Sheir' deleegates f'or' that atlotie. B tt this v wvould bearte-organsiization of the bodecy politic afiove the Conest itutint. And1( eveti ini cone- c veitlne. they woul do it unere the utnwr'it tetn andI oi'gantic law that governis all sim-ii pihe cotisolidaetede commtiuitiets, and wvthi s exi'sts fromt flee tiecessity oif the case, that v the majority must govee n. This exists only mi a conesolidatted cotimmuity. whlent it is f thrownt itito it's sitmpfle arid originasl t'eements ti Andf event thetn the inority nteijeiesees tmoe frotm a calculattione ofl expedietecy thanti oligattiont. Sir', if' this view' lie trtue of the great prtin- a ciples that regulate evetn the powe'r of the t States on this sthier't, how h'utile sitnd shll low is thaet argutment which clatiimt foe' this t Goverten~tt all else legislative powers here ai that the State have wvithite thteit' teri'itorie's. Buit it is stronger thanti this. The Govert- os meat of the Uneitedl States cast accitire noi logalh powver even biy conlsenit of citizens.- v It lias tno existenee becyond the express grat~s of the Cotnstittitinit anud no powier v cais lie acotiiredl for it bsy the aetiont or use qutiescentce oh' the pe'opl, ias pteophe or ciii- t ziesns, this unust be givene by the States thant t tmnde it. There is a wvide mnistake and loose sn tins on the suebject of the piower of' Gjovernt- a mnent ov'er private property. Genisthlemen hi dlrawv thecir ideas on this stihiect friotm thte r history of' Eutropeans Govertnent, sted thie ft .jurispruhene, of Gr'eunt- iritaitn. If' there 'i he any omne priuecple that fias distiegnished dh otet Revolutin fromt aill othsers, it is thtis, v tha'~t we have se .,do t,,, itti.nntlr IrigLing tho poor oC Gvermnent over pri O pro ayl, a snore ofThctually ecur ig th .ghtp of citizens thereto- If this ras n ho great priuciple of the American Levol odlbz:.then i.t as nno. The' line. bat separates the power of Government ron private proporty, is the line that de ies the limits of liberty in all countries. now sir, that the British Goverament'under he claims of omnipotence in Parliament, mas ngain & again trampled over the great ariuciples of the Magna Charta, and it is mot thcroglihat we are to look for examples o define our notions of power in Govern neut over the property of a free people. Juiler tli' plea of State necessi y and the sigh prerogatives of police powner, a coun ry may be protected and it people regulated mt the Government may be a despotism. But in this country, with our constitutions amd limitation defined, I deny the right to interfere with private property except by 'due process of law, " through the verdict f a jury of freemen. It is, however, sugcestcd th:at, although fot cannot pass an act to liolish slavery it present, yet you may pass it to' take ei eet in future, upon the post nati principle. Let its exanine this. If the rights of citi temis be secureal unqualiliedly at present inder the Constitution, how can von direct y or indirectly interfere with it in future? If I have a perfect right to my stuck, I have a right to its proceeds, and the Government hat attempts to cut off the right of proceeds s as absolute and despotic as that which vould take the properly itself. A free Uovertnment tiay regulate and shape -de icenls," to preserve and protect them tr the benefit of its citizens ; but no Govern iment is free that, instenmd of a wholesome and judicious exercise of thi- power, usurps to cut thei off entirely. If the (overn ament have no right to destroy the existing [ operty itself, it has no right to destroy it. iroceds. The principle and the power are the samue in the one emse as the other, Mr. Speaker allow me to suggzest to our Northen friends the propriety, if they can Elf taking these constintionail groumIds. I respectfully stggest ihether it would not be better for them to raise Ihe constitutional restrictions as a shield between themselves tad popular fanaticism. than to rely upon the grounds of ex pedicnc'. If theyintend 0 save the institutions of this country let them raise the cotstitutional poners agtinist the movements for abolition in this District-let them go homte with the Comn titution in their hands to show that it pre :lttdes any interference I entreat thei to take this ground now, and make the issue with abolition spirit, when the good and irtuous have some power and control. Put thcit down now by this and strong acts of local legislation, or you wil I be compelled to comie here anal cry al andml to save this LUion aller it slual he too late, when the beaen fires of an itlignait people shall Idaize over ao thousand hills, tah th sv.:, f a hundred tihousand frecetmen shall glemi n1a high t avenge our wrons and vindicate mur rights. Fron or (lahe Crlrsqmn Co uir, Feb. 27. P'UBLIC MimFTING. At a meeting of the Citizens f Chmnrles ton, held at tho City tall, last night. to re ecive mime Report ol their )elep tes to the Southcrn Commerci-ilConventit, his I lom. 'he, Mayor, was aalled to the hair anid I-. Jtr.iar appointed eertcar'.. The 'ayorstatedo the oljt h of til Meet aig. Afier which the itm. (hortge Al1D)utlie Mme of1, the Delemales to the (uCi e t timn. ma mdal fter retturn ing his thanks fortc the nicaor inferred upon him by his bein-g lmamppinted mile of the Dlelegates of the city, said, ihm dlthough le had been engage:d for eta.v '20 rears. with but a heief interval, in the srvi es of Saouth Ctarimna, iad filed variaais mubl ic sit inationams, lie dotnbted whlae hea ha. imd ever ocempiaed onei tmore Ia-mrablle. m a:re~ tsefuil, omr imore impori~tat, thanm iliat or ac {epesentative~m af Chiarlestonc mt the hlate ..0mmeiiirciatl Colnenitiona. Iiea theta pro ,ededa to shomw thea indh~isnihi~e necens- iy am the prIosperiay of time South oiaf pomaessiat Scommterce tinder their ownm cotitroi; anda raul m le declinme whieb lada maurkedi the >rosperity of thme Soth ~ , to oura haivinig pr nitteal omit cozmmercre tam lie munder mime con-i rol ofoithers. Ilac contgramtulcated time Soutih im a le retmiovn I of s-uo the c~auses tom viebl m his dain o'f oumr prosperity wats mute, mdum upan time piresentt signsc of a reviviaa 'ommerce. Aboave tall, lina conigratumae I cl is follow-citizenas iponi time miuion aafifeaein rhiichi prevailedl to combainte thmeir eio~rts ta amihI iip agan the lately depr'essed com nere'ial pro~sperimy of thira cotintry. lie then proaiounmceda aim eloeaia eulogimum Pit commulerce, aind proeedaed to show wa ras neccessary to lie done to piromote mime ommnon object, nnl whcat tihe obtsiele toi bet etmovodl. Opening commntn iientionas with he initeriomr, nn aulirranmging tihe exchiangies dutcatmi ourm yoummth to coua meriai pursutits hieh lae declared tom lie morte hmonorabmle mama occuinmg a pince at mice fat d of thme ar. air eniganing int the miiserable sermnbaler, tid squtables aif tradming~ poaliticianas, We. rant merchanmtc, we haive enapittal itt abunit anice, amid every ot her e'letimnt oaf cormimer ial pmrosperity. WVe must sceeure time adiract raade, whmieb lie conmtended~a was, froim the atuire of tihings. ebteaper, amma huaetr itn it ilf. thani a circu'iitonts tadae, atial its profits roubll lie ormmm owni. lie cnicludled wit h ant nniima ted appear~l >ntime pamtriaaism oif thle citizatnc m'f( harhes mi, who. hen sad, had evera baeen distin-. itiimhed for their Ithih tiimndea alevotiomn to moir counttry. Niever, la sail.. wsas tere ni accaio~n wsheni their patriotic feelitngs udm their most einergetiecnionma were imviteal > n matmore u imotani olbject. (Gen. hiamhemrt Y. iavine alo unllressead me inetinhg in it strain ii grecat elamrpmencee. nid comic ludeda, lby offerinmg tihe. failowminm rambhle nama reoaluitioinq, wh Iich e sve..~a idedl lby C. R. Ilomles,1E9. iad clam blank~ i e 5thi resoluttionm havtsing bieen (irst lilledl -e - uinanitmusly amdopmed : 'l'hie c'iizenis of Chlstont hnve receivedl ith sati..factioni time Repomrt oft theimr Dle ates to thec Coinvenitmin of M erchmits andim titers, held in Aumgusta imi Oactobeir blst, ont me subijert of establmishming ;a dirrec trade' eitim foreicdm counstries. ilTae hiuamiony whmich itarkealli t lae proceedlings ofC thlait Asseimbly ndl the ahalo manminer imn wicha the subth't ats bneen presented to time pulic, ini the i v on-r tam thme Conivetioni, anda the A unnRl.ss a thme pmeole of thle Saoumtherni andm Saouth V'estern Stma tire animlatedmm tam lmnkie a cep iunpiresin mn the publilie mind,. aind 'e tust may lead tam the nmdomptionm of thoasie innetnres which mny ce,......l.. a'..... le patriotic eforts of the QGonventiuu with stc ceses. li. order to. contribute a* far as ma . be ioour power, weards this most desirft ble object, the citizens of Charleston here assembled, do adopt the following Resolu tions, viz: - 1st. Resolccd, That we believe that it will he eminently conductive to the pros perity and welfure of the Southett States, that at nRI.:eCT r-oa-r AND -XPsOer Tr.1s.: witi foreign countries should ho established andl promoted, and we entirely concur with Convention, in the opinion they have ex pressed, and which has been soi foreibly ii lustrated in their Addrt-es-that the _11ri cultural staples of the Sonthern Sttes. which form the basis of' the fiareign com .mierce of the Union, ol'er is tfaeilities for carrying on this trade, greater titan those possessed by any other part of the Union. 2d. Resolved, That inlnenced by no spirit of unkindness towards our Nurthlern brethren, laid feeling oi no degree jt'lon< of their commercial prosperity, we yet Ih:lievo that it is a duty n hieh we owe to our.elves, to use all honorable bneans to seenre our ulitr share of the profits derived fi'a0n life expor tation of Our own prulnetions, ai the importation of those foreign gols whieb are reciv'ed im exciinnsAe lilr the:1, whesch profits have heretofbrec been almost exc:l sively enjoyed by others, greatly to th iII jury of the Sanutis. 3d. Rcsolved, Tiht fully aware of the dilicnlty ofehatngintg the exiting relatitons if commerce, or turning the enrrent oftra!e ito new ebainnels, we cordially coneh'r in the propriety of oppointing De-legates to ieet the citizens of' the other Southern States, in Convention, at Augusta, on the first londay in A pril next, tint by wise and prolntl meastares, maatured by the colmtmn connell:els Of nll IhIse, interestedl, thl, a-eom, pllismcnt of our great object lnay be secered 4th. Resolred, That deeply scnsible ofits heing midisjpensibly necessary to our success that free and direct coin mmunications shoul ie opened, bet wen the South Atlantic Cities and the Wes1-sarna States, in order to firtisa it market fbr the furei%11 goods,w hihii mnay he received in our pot s, amti to piea :a direct interior trile hlween tlie Sonath taid the West-we cordially approve ai will zealously support nil those tmeasures which iay, in our opinion, he eaculated to oplien Snehl cornaaimnications, ami esttablifh such i coinections, believing that ihey will furnish thme sure:.t mmcats of securing pros perity of the Sout ern Staters,and strength emnig the hoandi of our Federal Union. 5th: R sulved, 'l':at it!aenced by t hese views, the fol!uwin geIntlemeu'n hi aa point el Delegates to represent tlt sit ' nfCharle, ton, in the Convention to be behl at A ngus ta in A pril next, viz: Genl. t. V. I1a:vne, Gen. .James ll:niiton, Gen. (;ror'te ' )ihcli. 1141n. Illeury L. linekmey, ion. 'Pha:a, liernet t, . .iu Robins,, o.' .-lams .\tdzcr. C ". A. P. llayne, C. (;. Aleamoin ""er," Chanlc l!_:r P.. % -i, .an si h Iinen0, .\iexr. lihak , .\. Tobins-. U-aid .isl nnier, Rl. W. L"'trt, I,. 1. Wilh-v, I. \\'. Coneer. Ilenry Goilnn. Anhren' M1elDov all, I. 1-:. olnes, .tile -:vana, ('hainc.'uior I !:w:'rr, Jiatlg O'Ne:il, Clhansellorr .lh .lin.sonl, G. 11. I Ke le , 1.'. iliph-v Charb-s 1F. Lownderc", (U, .\. Trenholmi,.1. N. Ca1rdozo,, Ke--" Iloyee. 6(t. IIsuled:4, That oit ferle w-cit ,in: iin ilis- several jtiiei:nI di-r'i st ('f ila' S tate, le earnestly re.3ettiled > hl.-1 :leii.. i - itt s lto tl'~g r i-i res ., iv t. a"I,. ll .-, ,: t :1ppoinlt Deh:_':s e , N O r -- --11 Ohem - l4, (th ';ennon, it,, ha t h' hl :..;n 1hi - e \ I-li lt i ale h a h-' iae"'. ,. r .t ii, , : t i+ - rswi i e..pie ota f fti t.a e,, tt ti,,,... t, li. ifli-r ti 1)h~trier!., at11! it::,. gu . " " lea u!ir , : it l l l-t. ;.: a 1't.i (l'e' ld-s h - I iv > jIro li e tir o! ! '- '," . l 7d t ih :. /r: /. a'I h,e 'i'ht' v.ei-: :n ita of r tis met'-i eh r.-m di'timt ic l)'icaa &h 1).hcui e 'tton i A ans -t-r :. th-ie r h a. i.' t aac. Commirt-a , sfor t ~ei repir and ~ts y a nh' e :ncaif as to heCairm n and C een-tarv. -thi-t'- m ein : -a w il saait thtesa pu-iiroeei d be r padishe in cos all lie ian.tts 2 iis oc-in v.li IIoae nI- is l' iNC. I ,vuas~ Cha-ra. (,. II ult~, ofte ctearv. o:rti The /lM~- 1 l.-31r. i4Ct b-yt ca mshicerothe lin nm~s O c-aine, I. l r. (.-4 a iti, aa mem eliw'rim ahentc~~tn e' iy. t have:-one l ve st r-s hv . i's.uc. fsysmn, ttrnc albida , atr jane, Air (is-vonsis sc fi to elc. sot i - itands tleatrs.x Wi':e, at ealchonam 'of K'-oi,-k'y and Menfee atsl scnd A ir. ( ;raIutcv'ia-s. i sentede asc vryl' coo--l aniptrale.- !,,stii Mr. ttl rave ti ; ont~eo:h mo-sa isvstu mialeamen in sthe caiose.tt andtisa maiv:2er.l scteeed ha. ol.' Webb,'s of' the' Ne-oa rks' Ciri r&-i the ayt s ago ';n: itacaconut ansompsoal-Cii't impu::ion ca.tiy Air. (.o im. n fla Mr.' itA Gravs.br i'the: reb acrn4e ail sasc'vr. 14iselle- eue it. (igihtat Webb, fon tey ~a' thathe wtsIa entieman 'A1'ir. l"raves wa. obi'gter to ut hn-~ef in' hisJ-rtip-' ph)e. The~ thajilt i from- la Mr.ta-s :u th.ia s wiiae t imme-hal a' e -en . Mrltia' . 4ille esta ic'th sril, lits l 'ie .em e ai : :r if h ll stad i apppoitedli t hti saelts's ti sn 'i f alts. it caegree of -iseceyam prmti - unuua amonr m jmeat ofCote . Tie prt-ie s w rife. If t beo anya s'n'l tat- tit. an th es Iir c t s l itrle. Aon'ti esa 'e- el goe t cs. Gavels'. regn4, te .ende!avor' who however,was not- aprised at the time, of the use'o which it was to be applied. 'bhe rfle used by.-Mr. Cilley was senie inches shorter The greatest secrecy was observcd, and yesterday norningwvhen Mr. Graves left the city, he infined his wife that he was going to attend a public )inner in Baltiissore. But not witlhstanding their caution, the affairgot wind, and Mr. Mercer, of Virginia, was at Illadensburg with Police Olflicers, an hour before the. nleeting took place. Owing to this, the parties drove to another place, ahout three pilles distant, and where there was no danger of their being molested. It appears that Wise anl Menilee acted as seconds to Graves, and BI ynunm and Calhoun of Ky., for Cilley, They were iut up about eighty paces, and in such a position as to fire across the wind, which was blowing very keen at the imne. The first and second round was attended with no cg-et, as it appears they fired too high, and was mnvh annoyed by-the intense cold and high wind. At the third fire Mr. Cilly was shot in the kidney, and instantly fell, break img the stock from his rifle in the fall. lie expired in about three minutes afterwards. It appears that Mr. (lay, of Kentucky, l'~l!owedl the parties with a view of attempt ing an amicable adjustment of the matter, but arrived too late. Another account is, that an atternpt was made to adjust the affair after the first fire, it was renlered iucie'ctual by the reftsal of' 51r. Wise. Mr. Duncan, of Ohio, attended as Physi cian, andi he on leaving the ground, is re norted to have said, "that it wuas a d----d cold blooded murder and that Webb should not leave Washington City, if he (Duncan,) could any how get him to light.'' It is also rummored. that there was much unfairness in placing Cilley in a had position. I have no idea that the matter is ended, and I predict ihat we shall have three or four tmore duels growing out of the affair. It is saii that 1mr. Cilley will be buried to-morrow.--Patriot. The Washington correspomdent of yes terday's Mmrcury, gives the following par ticulars about the unfortunate and gallant Cilley: "Air Cilley was shot in the groin on the third fire, and dlied in a few tiulites. They fought at lifty paces. A general sadncss oversprelds the counlienaces of every one. Deep execratious are uttered against the ndividual who pushed Mr. Graves into this confiet. Of the mnanner in which this bloodv tragedy was got ip, I cannot trtsr mv:elf to speak. Let mne only amId that you of tme month have lost a no!'.le, a generous, :4tmii a brave frieni. Mdr. Cilley was ranked as a firm, wa:mn-heated, and devoted chant pion of onthiern rigit:s, interests and fee Iings. li; v. as leenL'tlel fron omne of the nimdest biloo- of the Revolutiou. lis grand fatiier, ("el. Udiley,-,erved thrugh the u hole war, :nd commaned tie ftaumoa New iarnmpmhire leginent, wvhich was dii,:in gUis"hed fot' it, success." LIeLri/b-, Cincnmati and l h'rlkston .11. Road.-WVe are requested to invite pulic attention to the notic(: this diay published, calling fir an instalment of live dollars on each sh:re in this Company, to be paid on or hetiire t line tmrst Moniday, being the second day of* A pril ni:xt. This measure has been :t:eiie! i'hv the. Directors in olrder to comply ,atit th:- comimiiomus imposed by the act of .mr1 l.i "i-:mtture, giv.ing Ise guarantee of the -'1 3 to :a bill of two nillions, and n hich 1' neii. a cert,in amount to be paid im by the Stt ol.holders before that guarantee shall at taimch. A. i on' as the int al ment is paiid, Iflhe mn e ar~m:y hamas wvii l. heicictedh, to enabile inhie Conpanyi to l'roseenmte thle wiork n'ith proper vi or. 'i'he~ purchaszme of thme Chmarlesto, ammii Iimmmmmnhur l m~il rio:ml hma.vinmg b~ efietedi, ihe exlenii n ofmi mm e bc ranchet from I ranchlville. toi Coin:.mb!ia, :m m. I hie immmpromvenn-n~mt ofn mime (Chiarlestoni roam!, amre mihe objhects whlic!m a ill in fmmrrmneti thism ml 1m.ielioural oft I irectors havm~e rem.slve:] to tamke te pmromper tuaimr(es for Piiii inlhe ".o~ul/r II tatern i[til Jhn:rd /Tan/e' imm opera:immn in Octer~i mem. Nmmim huat Stokhauhlers in thme limmntl can -,thibmeit l0m'-. or Ihhl ..harmms imm :1i. /;J,:,! andmm ti omr"ginalm subiber'mi.ms ime enrm I irid to a prec l'e'mmmm. Time ijlamnk tmay go inrtoi operamtionl wmhim ca p~jital ot o::e million, w ithm the mothemr (.:mrroimna :mmmi Tclenn ee, andiu lloh in Fmen tuelky, ..h-mmali thm:mI Stamte. (coKnn imm time chiarter 'inhe ca~ipi tam Im:m y bme enla rgmei from t imem to tme, iby camlbag imu immstamhnment on timest ock, umntii it shlmmi:mtmommut i here/r' mil/ion. Th'ie chmarter' is granl:Led for' hertyi-one' jpars with olnt time paiymen-mt of anyi /,onu. I mm ier tihe inlstruct iontsoif the. Dirmectors, tihe Piro~i,l hmas just pubmliied anm .1e/nrrss, e.xpliintg hilly thme memasumres admoptedl anid colntemmpilmeid bmy thle Congmahy, with anm ,onitbne of time prmovisionmsor the: llank chmarter. 'i'lha has bmeenm accomni ed by i) copies ofi ad/ thg cha~rters, with, thme imy.-lamws. Wet shlmml inrnmishi immm re:mniersm with I nleh extracmts fro m thltmse doem: nentms as i:my putt hiemm inm ftidI iposc~:,m~ iii'o all time ne cess:mry informmationi ihnmt i nstrucgt ionis hmo e beenrl r(ecei ved from the GIemnera Po'm,t Ofhice ! )eparmtmmm, to run~ ime St amges 4mn time linme frommm A ikemn to Ge'en~ iil h m imne daly mmnd night--t leavei A ikenm atL lve i:'lmk, P- 1' Ml., imr as soinas thlie 'i h('lstomn mil nived i m hv na of lihe night. I 1y tis meanis, passen~mgersi an lin. i m:nil will 'he :mniiorted from (Charlestoni 'm:i Lmmnvii,'m a dhi-annem uof23 mmilmes, im Ires thmanm two diay. it w i!l requmimre smem t'mm to 'mmake time propermm amrrangmemens, lotr e' m-raim tis phm into exc(si'inm: but we hatve tim ibinht mmimhe hpub!ile spmiritedi conmtractoirs will do it as oonmm a,, :irenmmstamncmes will :umht of thlie chanme. 'Theiy desemrve, mu-l hamve reeivedm ea:t pris lhr thm' st\ Ii! in whmichm they kemep up~ thmeir esi :lbmismen'mt Emn tis hume.--.!onht.jiurr 'Te Iniani pmri,,onmers, whoii hmave, fe o,-sme tun' past, beemn in conmminment am l'mrr Mnmi t'e, amre r~ i!-ave tis damv. if the wi-d i.5 arab~m':lle fomr Newv- rl'ean i om tdm itr w'ay tom tiht fIerm We,1 in time brmi; //r',mer. (Cap~tamin Nabb~m.Jm.Th, Chief:, were emb!a rk d vtester di.my, thme tomes will gom ou~ :.oih th; nomm'mii. ienmt. lie'ynmmi, ofi thie I. S. P!:n me. wil bmav'i thn. ..m ..i.m... 'IuUasnaY. Al.tae 8. .I d;i. The Rev. Dr. Brantly has withdlrniva from the Southern Wattchmnan, and necept ed the Presidency of the Charleston Col lege. The Warelmtsan will in future he united with the Biblical lecorder, and pub li.shed unler the cditorial tuanagcment of the Rev. T. Meredith, Editor of the Re corder. We publish some account of the death of Mr. Cilley one of the Representatives from Maine, in the Congress of the U. States. But one feeling, and that a feelitng of deep rcgret prevails at Washington. Mr. C. was no ordinary man. The Gillowing sketch from Mr. Williams of the Senate is not un interesting: "Mr.Ct LLEY was a native of New Iamp shire, and uelonged to one of the most au cient and respectable families in that State. Patriotism and bravery were his inheritance. His grand-father was the distitiguished pa triot. and brave officer of the Revolution, Gen. Cilley; and his brother Capt. Joseph - Cilley, was the gallant leader of the heroic charge tinder Col. Miller, at the battle of Bridgewater Heights, in the last war. "The deceased was a gradnate of lhowdoin College. in llaine,and his superior talents and application attained for him a high standing at the bar of that State. Ile was a good lawyer, an able advocate, and a powerful debater. "From early life Mr. Cilley was ardent ly attached to the principles of free Gov ernment a zealous advocate of the rights of the wahole people, and a determined op ponent of the claim of the few to tyranize over the many. "in 1832 Mr. Cilley was elected to the I louse of Representatives in Maine, and in 1835, and 183G was Speaker of that body, where his powers andl love of country be came so conspicnous, that in 1837 he was elected to Congress in a District in which the majority was his political opponents. "Of his conduct here I need not speak, (ir all who hear me, and all who knew Mr. Udley in the other end of the Capitol, will hear testimony to his ability, to his open, frank. and determined course, to the high order of his talents and powers as a debater to the respect antd deference which lie paid to the rb-ths of others. "As a moan, Mr. Cilley was warm, ar lent, aenerouts, noble: ns a fi-iend, true.faith fttl, abiding. Ile was in the mnteridian of his life, aged 35; the past was the earne:t of the future. "In his death Maine has lost one of her Urightest ornatientsandutl natinjmjJha.".rt of a devoted patriot, amid an ardent, zeal ous supporter of its free institutions. '"'The sun which set upoi the lifeless corp; of my late friend anl colleague, rose bright aid cheeirng tpon his ditant fireside circle amd the wife of his bosom blessed its glad smte bteams, andi tol her innocent children hat it brought the return of their fathier one day nearer. ".Alas! " nor wvife. nor chiildren shaht see him~ more.'" Who shall now penetra;te the . hier'avedl tmlatan, and witnesvs the tear-, thme agonyi, theI dlistract ion tiCthe widow and - andl the tttnlweless! Mr i. Presitdent, I caninot. May lie V,'thletr ohf all miceces be their coim thur~er and suppiorte. "Ofi the causie and manner of the death of Mr U.. I forhare to speak ; but allow my to say, that it is tmy solen cotivicthi that lie enteartainedl no ill will, and itntemiledl no - disresp~et, to Mr. Graves, in any thing thc:n oetnrred , and that in accepting t i ea!I, he did niothing tmore thati lie helieved ind.. Jpensable, to avoid disgrace to himself, to his ittmily, and to his conistituients."' Anmd tiow titmost tuseful citiz~en, a faither, a husbantd has b:etn cut off' in thle primte of his days-and fojr whiat! 'Tete was not even a difjicualiy between haiself atnd Mr. Graves. It wias an an'atir proper'ly of an- - othetr personi. Can Mr. Graves re'joice that lie lhas killed nt nm, with w hotm there was no cazuse ofi offensie I Is there any satisfie ion ini the reflect ion, thatlibe has fought W~ebbs' battle for him and congtieredt! Since wr'ting the above, we find lhv he Meretnry's C'orrespoilence., thait the er. citieent piroduCed lby the deathl of Mr. C. has been in~creased by the dev-elopemenit of the iremstnce aending it. Mr. C. said to his si'condt ..Jonie5, that hie htad * no0 en itiginst Mr. Graves, but that as lie w-n; a gerimnt, h le wats hiozit to a (eptli ehi hllenige; A f'ler the first fire, .Alr. .1. a'sked if the ebiallenger was sa Ai, a i stated whats Mr. ( '. hado satitd l e Iwilling t hat thle maittter shionhh rest, excet Mlr. II'isr, one1 of uthe fiend:i, of (ras e.. wvhi inisistedl as a pirelimi.iiaty to anyi accosnneoi ja'.- Ip' to bre a pntleman. A .sim:~ilar (-enI ait an'-oumimidain was mtan e n't. rm-h ire, .t Mr. W'ise insi-de'd to tin- 1.:' up'o hi' uitrte:t-onable and abl.,nrd~ p'reliminatrv. 'T'he lourth hire prov t-hatal. Gemth- - ofeni the~ Armyi'. ;and Navy hie o Mrit. Gr~t.' e dol ave he,-ti '.;taiis!ed a:'tr s kenr.t tie, n e v ry ~ m n h ,, ~ a.