Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, March 08, 1838, Image 3
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Doniestie ems. ,
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EXTRACT FROM TinE RabARs.OF "
MR. 'ICKfrNS, OF SOUTH CAROLINA; not
in the House of Representatires, Jap. 23 .183S. the
.On the Resolution of)1r. Wise, declaring stitu
that Congress has no'puwver undler the Con- just
stitution to abolish slavery in the District of Hoi'
Columbia &c., being under consideration. pub]
Mr. Speaker: Ilefore we proceed on tion
this point, it would be well for us to call prof
to Our minds the circumstances aid causes spec
that induced tme acts of cession granting ju- or cl
risdietion in the District. When Congress to c
was in session in Philadelphia a mob creat- The
ed great disturbance, und they found them- ry,
selves unable, ihr want of authority, to pro- stal
teet themselves and their otlicers. . Hence lute
it became .imprtant that they should have oth
some territory with exclusive jurisdiction prof
over it. The object and sole desire of trict
Congress was to be able to protect itself, the
its oflicers, and its public buildings, and unrt
make suh other niiipal regulations as coni
might be deemfed necessary for the harmo- cipi
ny, quiet, ind independence of the Gov- 11
"rnment. Whenit we look at these circut- cip:
staceos, and then compare the clause in the miei
4o'.nstitution conferring legislative power, cert
we can comnc to hmt one conclusion as to the gun
ercat leading object of the trust. The to b
word aire, that Congress "shall exercise and
exclusive legislit ion in mill cases whatsoever proj
over such District (not cxceeding.ten square flieu
miles). as imay, by .cession of particular can
States, and the acceptance of Congress, con
become the seat of Governmnt of the U. mor
Sates, and to exercise like authority, over Vir;
all places purchased by the consent of the thin
Legildature of the States in whi'ch the smie to v
shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines. prof
airsals, dlock-yards, and other needful of ii
buildings." samm
"Exclusive legislation," here cannot indi
mean absolute and unlimited legislation. be u
This Government cannot legily exist in ly a
ainy jiiisition without all the restraints of ,cou
the constitution hinding upon it. It is ere cede
aed by the constitution, und cannot act in emin
any sphere except under its specific grants. of i
And to contend that it has all the powers coi
here that the States can exercise within wer
heir territories is a solecism in constit utional aloi
law, for thme states can exercise all their in t
power not prohibited by the principles and of
spmirit of thirown consttitutions. or the coi- shal
stitution of the United States, while this the
Governcmmt ean exercise no power not mier
specifically granted by the Constitution, or
mbsolutely necessaryto carry into elfect some tihe
specific grant, Exclusive legislation means who
that no other Government shall have con- thin
cnrrent legi;lation. Congress shall exer- tive
rise, "like athority," over all purchased vita
for forts, arsenals, &c. The legislation citi?
and aihority exercised in this District, in to b
like manner, shall be exercised over places wor
purchnsed for lirts, &c. If, then, Con- er ri
gress is unlimited here, then it is unlimited this
in those other places where public works and
are. and if slavery can me abolished here, it is
then, in like ananiner, cnn it he abolished iii ~hi,
all those places in the heart of a State wou
where there may be public works, &c.- Con
All the power intended to be given was to 13
citable this Govearmeat to protect and pre- thai
servo its public works and improvemcents, bill
and "like authority" was intended to be tutic
given in this district, authority that tmigh;tbe coul
esential to carry out the legitimate objects strai
cf the original trust and no more. Any ex. kind
ercise of power hevoml the obvions mean- Dist
ing and plain intentions of the graut of proi
power at the time it was given, is a viola- Stai
tion of its spirit and im lerversion of its pur- itte
poses. sibj
Again : The ninth section expressly ex- of il
cudies Congress irmi prohmibitinig time im- miitt
piortmitionm of slaves utiil lSt)S. I fthme claumsc Nex
giv'ig' "xcluisive hegislation'' emibraices thme nutdi
pr toaol slaviery, lien it was cream- Stat
tedl withiut li mitamtmiin ait thme datec of thme in- the
struent. limt if Conigress ha~d, beftore As1
I1O08, attetipped toi prulhiblit the imnportamioin hers,
of slmaves here, oir elsewhecre, it wvould hasve trani
beeni dIirectily againtst time C~onmsti tution.-... jmis
Thtere, hasm bmeen tno newi acqumirmc entmm of thme <
power sitnce the dateo tiihat inmstruimiet, or to mm
enilmrgement of te pirovisions olf time clausme ed a
graminmg -uelusive hewi.,smioni.' WVe can-i- A;
notm dom thaimt ind irect'qly whlichl we enniinot d(1' to tlI
diirect ly. And if Conmgess hadiu ablmdiedm si
slavery hereas primor to l1500, it womuuld hmave slaivi
liteni thme iimuot e il~ eial imeaisture to) priohibmit unm I
their impormtaltionm, umi this they were cleatr- >rms in.
hy andii xpressly pribliitedl frommm doiing.- corp
I dim nimt refer~ to this am -mucmh as bteiing petr- freet
fec tly cominsiive. mis tom showmi thamt it wais thme bumtI
whole Ipirit anmd iinte'i int of t he C2onisimin- laiws
tiont tham th is (Goivrmtent .ihonlI lave nmo thme
power tio di~itrb this delien:te' :mnd excitini thme
subject. We all kmnow thme extre:mmejieailonm unde~l
that e'xistedl ioamnet thme Stateks mn this minmy
tmter at mthe flirmonationi of thle (omnsti titin ina umy
-cioh nichl so, thatm it wais one, uof the pinci.. miot c
pnll dIiiluimntries in formminig am '-nmiore perfelict uthat
.Is it tio lie smipposedl that Virginiia. senisi- prme,
ite andmi jen ltns mis she was mit that time mmm atmi
the subjpet ofi slaveiry, wonhi have redued tht
a portioni of hem teirritora d cmmmleitizenms, if who t ir
haid, for cite momneiit, enneccived thamt undimer wool
thme claumse ini thieConaliitmi on conifering legis- iihov,
Iative powters, ihmey wvere tom be thirowni at veniti
lie msercy of other inter-ests, amid emthier ten a
sectionts, anitagonist to herself on this vital pleb
poiti 1 e Xist
Th'le fifith amendiment declares, that pri- mlhi mm
vatie ploruiiy sihllimit Met taiken fmmr putblic min a
misc, wvithomnt .jst compenationumm. Mnehi less thrnv
cein it lie taukeni for private misc. Ii canmnot Andh
be takeni excepi for pubtilie use. It hteeotmes iimore
itmportanit thenm tom l.,iertain whlethlen shaves oblig
are lanvaite propet' Andmm here let it lie Si.
obiservedI, i liat thiere is am luse ideai abhroimi, ciplde
limit weo hmohl (our- rigtstu to ihamt spiecie-s ofi Stuti
roptlerty undimer the einpromnises of thme loi
C~onstitiition. Wem hmohl thmemi ais original Gove
rights, before anid above thle Cenistitutionm that
cominimg from time States in their seperate Buti
existencee. Thie ctmuipromiises of time Coni- ment
stitiutionm ret-me entirely to the relative rep- legail
resentation thaimt thle States, ais p)oliticaml It Ii.
communmmitimes, shaililihave uponi thme floor-: but grant
thmis is inom thme source of rights to its in thtis canti
em mmmi other private propherty. TIhe Con-. qies~
intmation recogmizes thmemi ais private proper- ziens,
ty. Thme second~ sectioni appo~trtioing outr mnmdi
repmesenmtationi, time (klause enabling tho owna- TIhl
er to recover hmis fugitive slaive, andm time tionc
clause sanictioning their imomrtationm mun- mecmnt
til 1803S, mill shiow that the Cjonstittion re- dlrawv
ctgnlizes thmem as proper-ty, ais himngs other histoi
thani personms. Th juiciaml tribunatls of the juris,
non slaveholdinir, as well aistimesiaveholding lie anm
States, have all setledl this primnciple- out
Th'aen therv euminot lie takent noeimfr innije ,m..
What is public use' If they were st
ed op our blic.wor , if .t wre vJ
ed i a g .mergeey, 't it: mi sti
be taken just conmpensation. ut v
rer -an . one thing cleay titau
her, At is, that abolition was riot ti
public use contemnplated in the Con- t
bion, They cannot be taken without i
compensation even for public use.- k
can money be drawn from the ii
ic treasury, except through appropria- ii
by law?'! There can be no legal ap,
>riution, except to carry into ellect somo i
ific power granted by the Constitution, t
early implied as absolutely necessary a
arry into cllect some specific grant.- I
re is no specific power to abolish slave- I
. it being itselfa high exercise of sub- t
tivo power, cannot be implied its abso- 11
ly necessary to.carry into efl'ect any
ir power. As well niight we pass apl- a
riations to pay the people of this Dis- i
for their cattle and horses, to give thenim
blessed privilege of running free and c
strained over the harrens hills nod waste
ions around this cnpitol. As to prin- 3
es and power, it is the saute. 4
ut it is said, all the States may eman- t
t, and this District be lel without the I
us of changing its condition. This is
ainly any thing but a constitutional ar- t
cut, for I answr, that even if this were I
a the case, it is the Constitution, and I
will le so until it is changed by the t
>er authorities, There is really no dif- t
Ity on this point, as those who choose i
now emancipate, by deed or will. In1
section with the constitution, let ts for a
oent examine the act of cession from ,
;inia. The proviso declares "that no- t
herein contained shall be construed t
est in the United States any rights ofi
erty is the soil, or to al'ect the rights t
idiviluals ther< :;, otherwise thant the t
e shall, or nav be transferred by such
viduals to the United States." Let it
mierstood that this follows immaaeiate- t
fter the clnuse describing the tract of
atry antd particular extent of territory
!d. I admit the te ns are somewhat
vocal at first. If the words "the rights a
tdividuals ttaerein" refer only back to I
rol the property in the soil, then they r
u of no use ; for under the Constitution
e Congress could not have interferedh
ha frechold. one of the first principles a
lie Magat Charta is. that no freeman t
I be deseizedl of his free hold without
iaigaaent of his peers, If those worls 1
e neant only to limit the power of the a
ernaent o. er the freehold of at citizen, <
they are a useless verbiage. Those t
imserted them tinst have'meant some
g more. Whin we look at the seisi
less of Virginia oil the interesting and t
I subject of the peculiar property of her I
ens she was about to cede. we are led t
elieve that she mttst have neant in the I
ds " rights of initviduals therein," oth- I
ghts than those of "soil." Connect I
with the clauses in the Constitution, <
110 tan can refrain iana admiting thfat
to say the least of it, a duatiul power, a
h every patriot iai n,liamited Goverinet
id refrain froum claiming as under the
stitution.
ut. Mr. Speaker, I take higher ground
this, and contemd that, according to the t
of rights, of Maryland, and the Consti
n of Virginia, those States themselves
d not have ceded absolute and uire- a
ned power over private property of any I
in this District. The citizens of this
tact had peculiar rights secured in their i
serry by the Constitution of their own r
es; and if Virginia aid Maaylaa had ia
nptce to cede absolte po'wcr over this c
'ct, they woul have violated the rights c
eir own ciizens, amId would have com- -
ed not a legal saet, bt ana act of force.
t to hife amai liberty. these citizens laid,e
r the plaratmounft laws of the adjoinaita.
es, the rights of property seeanrea in lI
niest solemn~t anid tunqualihiel manneaar.- i
tell taight Virginlia tnowV divorce Irotn
lII aany portion of her freemxena, neaid 4
sfer them.i houama hand and14 foot. to ah ea'
'lictiona of N. Yorkh. nas to hatve throwan t,
utszens of this I)istrict, in their righats a
pecabasr property, tapoan the unrestain- ti
ml tender aiercy of tbis Goavernmlaent.
pinm. No State, froam the Potoamne al
ei M'lississippi. ttncder its Conistitutitioan ti
niow stanads, hals anly rigla to abholisha c
~ry withouat thet conlsent of theo incflivieI
vnieirs. I assert this upoan t hat gresat a
sie of Enaglishi libierty, wh. uih is int- ec
UCratedilmio eveay UConstitanain, thaat no1 h
a shall be deprivel of' his paroplerty
y te .ldgemaentl of Ihis peers or the hi
ol thes law1l. 'The constit ationis are
paaaoarm tt Ilaws of the lsand, whlichl
tenoni of aao Goaversnaent, conlst ituitedl
r t heam , caln legaslly3 stubvert. Stidies '.
do tunl'awful arnt which thir citizeans ec
assenit to or nluiclesce. in, buts this does ra
aitstit te legal atnt hmarity. TIhoase States tI
hol slaveas as properc'ty, aiit if theay e
itl, assemblle ini.their conivema ians re- '.
altotg the sovere~igtn poweur of' the comi- ti
ty for thes specific as~bject of abolishing i
propeLrty', arnl thea peopale maighta choose al
dlegattes tor tha11 taloai. B tt t his a.'
LI heaare-organizattionl of the bodly politic di
the Const itutiaon. Antd even ini coti- ci
Li, lhey' wotal ala it untdesr thle tatwrit- tr
tIll orgnaaie law. that governs sallI sista- ni
'onsolidateald cotanunities, and ''u wha sc
troata tile nlecessity of tile eatse, thart w
msjoalty atnustgrove aa. TIhais exists onl~y
coansolidaatedl coamannitv. w.haen it is ,o
Pal ito its simp lle anud originaal elemnits tr
ev.ean theni thes tuinoriaty nequtiesees az
hroitn a calculationl ofi exped'ientcy thatn th
ationa. l
,if this view, tic truen of the grcat prin- mi
s thaat regulaae eve'n thai piow.er of the ta
s oat this subject, haow fatile mal shnaI
s that tagttlnenat which claiams for this ti
rlhmetat all the legislative powers here as
thle State have wvithin their territolries. pa
t is stronger t hain this. Thle Governi- Os
of the Uanited States enna iiequire tnoi
pow.er even biy coansenlt of citizenas.-. w.
as ano extstenace bieyond the express
s of the Conastituatiatst and tao power w.'
ie acqutiredl ora it biy the alts'ion or nae- gi
coeaee of thle h<.-oled, as peodple or cia i- ot
this anust lie givent by the States thiat ti
It. . w
ere is a wiile mistake and loose no- m~
ni the subject oif the power oft Govern- m
ove'r private. property. aenltlemaeun ha
their ideas tin a his stuldeet fromt thle 5
y of Eturopeana Governmaaent, aid the to
mrudence, of Great- itritaina. If there V
y otne prineciple that haas dlistinaguished th
Revoltaiona frn sil othaes, it is this~, w
v hiave siuereedbd iaa ltin,..::.., . . n
rietiig the piper of.ivenhneut over pri- pt
b om y, Wal re effectually escur- c
g thj ights of citizens thereto- If this bi
as n ghpcalprinciple of the Americaa hl
evol itiode" thou itt'has none. The' lin. a:
tat separates the power of Governument ti
ot private property, is the line that de
ues the lisits of liberty in all countries. w
now sir, that the British Goverament under p
to claims of ontipotence in Parliament, ti
as again & again trampled over the great u
rinciples of the Magna Charta, and it is a
ot theroihat we are to look for examples (
D define our notions of power in Govern- p
nent over the property of a free people.- I
miler th'e plea of State iccessit3 and the c
igh prerogatives of police power, a coun- v
ry may be protected and a people regulated a
ut the Government may be a despotism. c
tut in this country, with our constitutions p
nd linitation, defined, I deny the right to
nterfero with private property except by s
'duo process of law, " through the verdict b
f a jury of freemen. 1.
It is, howover, sugcstcd th:t, although tl
ou cannot pass an act to abolish slavery ti
t present, yet you may pass it to take el- s
Let in future, upon the post nati principle. U
et tus exanine this. If tho rights of citi- il
ens be secured unqualifiedly at present ii
mtdor the Constitution, how can you direct- p
y or indirectly interfere with it in future? s
1' I have n perfect right to my stock, I have ji
right to its proceeds, and the Government
hat attempts to cut off the right of proceeds (1
s as absolute and despotie as that which u
vould take the property itself. A free i
overnmnent may regulate and shape '-dc- t
cents," to preserve and protect then tir f i
he benefit of its citizens ; but no Govern- .
neut is free that, instead of a wholesome li
mnd judicious exercise of this power, tsurps
o cut them of entirely. If the Gov'era
nent have no right to destroy the existing I
r operty itself, it has no right to destroy it:
iroceeds. The principle and the power are h
he same im the one case as the other, t
Mr. Speaker allow time to suggest to our I,
artlten friendas the propriety, if they can (
if taking these constitutionnit grounds. I l
espect fully sutggest w haeather it would not t
e better fr hem to rai-e the constitutiona a
estrictions ios a shield between themselves a
maid popular fanaticism. thai to rely upon v
ie grounds of c.rpediency. IF they intenal
o save the institutions of this country let n
iei raise the constitutionnl pon ers s
against the lnovements for abolition in this (
District-let them go home with lle Coi
titution in their hands to show that it pre- r
:ltdes any interference I entreat them to
alke this ground now, and make the issue v
vith abolition spirit, when the good and c
irtuous have some power an control. Put 1
bien down now by this and strong aets of
ocal legislation, or you will be compelled (
o cole here and yTV alo01dl to save this I
uion afar it shall he too late, when the -j
'eacen fires of an inlignint people shall
,lae over a thouisand hills, tal th,- swers
if a hundred thousand friemen shall gleam i1
ita high o avenge our wrongs and vinidicate a
our rights.1
From r (harlsian Cuss itr, Fdb. 27. 1
PUIlLIC MIEETING. .1
At a meeting of the Citizens pf'Chnles- (
on, field at the City IHall, last night. it re
!eivo Jhe Report of their Deleate., its te
outliern Con mmerei-lConveition, his I lon. if
le, Mayor, was called to the hairi and b1
1. J:lla.Y a ppoint el erctarv. -i
''he Mayor stated the' oljet af2' tb Ale et. a
ng. A fter whicli the ll.tt. Georgr A'l-i tlie
mte of the Delegates to the Co: e t i n.roai, i
nal after returiling hi, thanks 1hr te aa htnor ii
onferrcd upo iiin hiby his laitng aapin a c a
ate of the Dlelegates of the (it, stai I, ti::- it
Ithough e ha hbeen enaged Ifr .ya I f .
ears. wvitha but a hieiaef interval, ini the sirvi
es of' Saithl Caroallia, and ial ld c ef jaaiaaa y
aulic situtio ans, lhe adoubteda whialea'e fh. n
adl ever oceipiedf onte more lemnariable,aar, r tia
iefutl, or nticr iniapoart:at, thanu that of' a I
tepiresetativ-e of' (Charlestona am the late al
Xiimmercial Caovaenition. hi. then pro- if
edelad to shaow thei' inispibfle tlia:aS' it, fi
to the prospeiiy oflhe Sotth of paise'ssinmi
coimmaerce unader t heir owni c.ontrol; anal
raeed lie decline whicb haul markedl the
rosperity oif athe Sout hi, to alur having per- '
mitteal our toimmaercea toi lie undeaf r the cana- I'
-oh ofot hem's. Ilat conagratuaated thea ,'omb I
an thle i'emoval of' wnbne of' the e'nu~ses toi
hicha his dra in of' our prospfeiiy waits afae, 11
aid upofn the pr.Ceent signis elr a rev'~iv~ing hei
rainmaerce. Above' all, fia conagraa taica Ia
is follow-('iftizens u1 poni the unaioun of' 'feit.. In
rhichl pirevailedl to conainte their e'fterts ti . \
itild up agzaini the laaelv dlepre's'ed com- i
iceiah prospearil y of' lhiia cotuntry. 31
lie then piraiaiouced aia e'laquaent calogitmn
ii commellrce, anda piro'eeaded to show whta se
as acce'ssary toi he donle toi promoie thet G
)immton objec(t, and wvhat fthe obs'tac'la to bea II
uanovodl. Opeintg communa~ai'ienton with C.,
to inaterior, and11 arrainging the ean'afatges- I
huentmtg our1 youth to cammenrc'il ptirstits th
haiefbf h dclaredh to lie mor- hioniora'le ill
aaa occupinitg .aplacte at thte fa:: end ofi thet ed
Iir. air enig-!eing in the miise'rablfe'sernmbalelst 31
ilu squabbliles of' t ritling politaiins, We ('
aint merchants, we have capital ian abitut- fth
inee, anid etvery otiher eIlemnii oaf' coa mier- ad
al fprosperity. WVe muilst seaiure the dliract pil
adle, w~hiebl hea caonteasdled was, f'rom~ rha W
itre of thliangs, chapter, andu hu'tter iai it- w'
Ilf. thiati a ciren'titouis tradle, atial ifs profits ch
oubll he iuar owni. aa
lie connclatdeda with at antit iaad appelral th
the patriaotismn of the c itizents of' hatrhes fit
n, who. he sail, hada ever' been di--tin. wi
nished fior t heir high tiImsl e deationt toi ni
liir 'otuntry. Never'a, fha staiad. wvia lhere hi0
t aiccasion whlen atheir paitriaitic fee'linge l'',
aol their maist energefi' acuiuon were mvai'tedl Lta
iatore i:mporittant obajecat. ini
Genci. Rabtac. Y. 1 faynear also :ablare'sed ii<
0 mecetinig in i straina of' great eltieniraace, ha
ad concludiaeal, lby Ofl'ering thua' ,f i gii ga
'aublfie nita re..aaionsi,~ , wvhieb' wearae 'ee- '
iaead by C. R. Ilaimes, Esq. taia thea hifaaf sa
the 5th resaah ttiona hil'av been firast filleca
cre unanimouasly adopta-a.
Ilhe citiazeats of Chitalstona have raeeiveda
ith safisfa;ctiaii the Raepoart oif' hiair Deale.. fir
ites ao thme Cotnvent ion aif ~al aranaits anal im
hers, hefld in A ugaust a ina Oa'tobaer lnst, oat pr
0 subiajaet of' sablishinig ta dirre'I trae mi
ih r~auieiigh counatries, 'h'hae harmiony which-h in
arkead all ihe praocediangs of atit Assembaahly Sqf
iah the ah~o maaner ini ic ah ata' subfice't N
is heea n'esentead to the ptlic in athe' ib:- thi
rT to, thme Coniventiont, anda the A lnasss in
the p le~ia of a le Southerna'i andl South tat
Testerna States tire a'ifa'ulaad tai miake a
tepi imp~fressiont on the puie a'tminad. anal tr'
e truist mray leadl to the taadoption oif thosie 'aa
e:t:tl n w 'h;,.h ....... CI.....- ,,a .ve i'tta If
titc cI)ljrts of the convenstion with suw
ine..,t lit order to.contribute a6 faraLs rna~
ius1our peower, towards Ibis most dcsira4
e object, theo Citizen of Chiarleston 'here
wilucled, do adult the following Results
oats, vii.:
Ist. .Rssolcd, '1'htnt we believe that it
ill lie emain~ently coicitctive to the pros
oirity anid welfure ofthe1 Suthern States,
at It DIALE:CT I311'OILT AN? EXPORTI TR.% i)E
lilt foreign countries shioulhe e s:ablislwd1
ad promzotedi, and we entti rely concur with
!Onvelitioai, ini the ojnaaaon theacy have ex
resserd, tied whaich lts liccci so foircibly ii
istrated in their Addsress~-tha~t the A1p;ri
iltural staples of* the Smirliernu Siatci.
thick form the lbasis olf the foretizn coin
aercu of the Unaiton, iillcr if,. Iei lilacs Ilt'
urrying oat this trade, greaIter tian those
ossossed by any otlher part of the Union.
201I. itesohceel, 't'hata ihiluaeIueedl by no
oriL of unkindnaess Iciwurds our N~urtLecru
rethiaLn, linl tie(lin in~ii no leree Ietlota4 of
slat it is a dutty V. hich wye owe to ocsi.elves,
i" use all honrabr~le It Ir.IIs to, seure our lair
tare.) of Ilh, proflits dinivi uIi fileea he Cpot
itioli of oLur own pr.uluetiocu;, ;ciid thle
re received ini cxii cc;,c fo~r theti:u, w:( I1
rofits have heretofocre beencs ailctti exe"! u
vely ctiilvrd Icy othlersi, grehat l~y to the iii
mrv of theSaathl.
3d. Ricsolcedl, 'tat fully aiware of the
illicialty of ':Itngian.' I hi exisiiI ' relaticza
f commeanrce, or turning the current of trade
fit) flew chc:;tuneic, w c ordially Colwelci iln
lie propriety of it lploittiai4 l)ieigati's to
ccci thme citizens of the oilher South~ernt
taites, in Conventinati Auguttta, oft tme
rst 'liotay ill Aplrll ttcxI i. tl Iy w ie andi
Icuelet n1CnsreI.s, ent,;tir(A. !y the COcnflxni
111111-', 1" :1!a'l I!1 mo,n i:arucil t Ii.' U4ri(ll
liscicezt of our gret oIbjerc: 11141y hei secutre
"1t1h. Ie'C30r.-(l, That deeplly scusihie ofit,
e: ug i ai ipleisilciy niessairy to out. stteCcs
lant Free and direct comunticijita shouldl
e onptncdt, bc'twcetc the -South Atlnttic
'hties niull L.t -,t,!l;eflt Sttes. ini order to
crois it ci iinkt fir the forei , _"l)Oi5,whici h
mAIy Ile reeivdct ini our put s, anid to ( pen
directi a tior triade buietween i, h.Somalit
tadl ill(- West-we eorili:,ily 'apprcove anid
'ill zeauii~sly: suppcort all t hose trcensares
Bih sil ttc, Ii our opinioti, Ice C~icuhated to
piciSelt su tc ncnuxtieutioscs, ati es( ctablishl
teu citt lrti cris, bliev'i ri thlatt hey gill
.truisli thme sucrest wans~t of seeuri t;; p)ri,
erity oh the Sucit leri States,aie stret -
tcti the icotilc ef ott ir Fderae l Igioti.
5th: RI susrdr, TI:;ct ittni~tccl~ byv these
ic ws, ice fid!o~wici, --enthenr li c~ ctc loiiit
il Delgaese tic represecil tthe vity nf(harle,
anc, ill the (iconvctitioc tic Le iac'1I at Atugus
I in A ptil 110x1, viz: (pelt. 1.~. Ya. Ii avnce,
enu. J1atmes 11 I :atitoa, (;clt. ( e'or e' A'ch
Iifuflc. I1l4cti. II c~tr L 1. f~ i :Ai*1tie y. I lica.
tn.cza, A ctc. t;m , ... I.~:' t ivic * Ii,;
'ttiti-i* ('er A. P. h'cii. (zc'.: C~s~~
II. I 'hac. !: I . I. ita .:, .1:tte i ~ t . ::;. ; I:c :'l.Ac
1,.111,i' .t . I~liIi~Ic. (, .. lt'eiAlou x
(Xart" It. W il (t' h Lsc.1 . 'ic t. 1"
-(it!1. I.'urc 4. um'nt. icier(a lw\.Iii -
a he sw'rii I.a. a iiiies . cc't i":vat., sl i''ht:ahe,
I :t r, el a U~i~t'\r ile lcui:,:';ceti .lo
(;Ihiiiittr l)G '.; If . ' ' c Is % S. ili
?les . L'''1 ec: 1 (;, t~c.4 t
L!t c lri e Astl r":t ei sc ! S . ) f ' ru '~' ;II t ,~ii
.' l~it Ic',. r i(-;I:'c . t ;:.I t
cc tl t )h', i ,;' tice 1c riw t':i ,1 't 'c'tta cit
m1.!ltt.ll ii l li~i (f a "~I.. ! i ' {,!si . c ei t
*'Iii*f' i e''"sli*' t:'i ,.c:'t crt;/.cI" .
'II le I.--3r CIit'v a :.'~cc' 11,ch'
ii ,.r 4.n ivitti , tfnil I:f1.~. &;l (,:ti'."r
iitc . :a ,:: ; n. ,_ti, ;: Icc '1 . rc' vt'. ":"it
who iowover, was not. apprised at the time,
of the use'to which it was to be applied.
he rifh used by.Mr. Cilley vnas sunio iuches
shorter
The greatest secrecy .was observed, and
yesterday ,notning when Mr. Graves left the
City, he influmed his wife that he was going
to attend a public linner in Balliiiore. But
not withstanding their caution, the aflairgot
wind, and Mr. BMercer, of Virginia, was at
liladeusburg with Police Ollicers, an hour
before the meeting took place. Owing to
this, the parties drove to another place,
about three poies distant, and where there
weas no danger of their being molested.
It appears that Wise and Menifee acted
as seconds to Graves, and Ii ynum and
Calhoun of Ky., for Cilley, 'hey were
put up about eighty paces, and in such a
position as to fire across the wind, which
was blowing very keen at the time. The
first and second round was attended with no
LLet, as it appears they fired too high, and
was mnuch annoyed by-the intense coid and
tilh wind. At the third fire Mr. Cilly was
shot in the kidney, and instantly fell, break
mng the stock from his rifle in the fall. Hle
expired in about three minutes afterwards.
It appears that Mr. Clay, of Kentucky,
l~lowed the parties with a view of attempt
ing an amicable ttdjustment of the natter,
but arrived too ltre.
Another account is, that an atteipt was
tiade to adjust the af'air after the first fire, it
I was reiered ineflletual by the refusal of
Mir. WVise.
AMr. Duncan, of Ohio, attended as Physi
cian, and be on leaving the groud, is re
nurted to have said, "that it was a d d
cold blooded mnurder and that Web should
not leave Washington City, if he (Duncan,)
Could any how get him to light.''
it is also rmnored. that there was much
unfairness in tacing C illey in a bad position.
I have no idea that the matter is ended,
and I predict that we shall have three or
tour msore duels growing out of the affair.
It is said that Mr. Cilley will be buried
to-inorrow. .--Pat riot.
The Washington corre.ponadent of ves
terdasy's ,ereury, gives the following par
tieulars about the unfortunate and gallant
Cilley:
.",1r Cilley was shot in the groin on the
third fire, and died in a few ninntes. They
fought at fifty paces. A general sadness
overspreads the countenaices of everv one.
Deep Cxecratious are uttered again'st the
idividual who pushed Mr. Graves into this
conflict. Of the manner in which this
bloody tragedy was got tip, I cannot trusr
:nyself to -peak. Let ine only add that you
of rine South have: lost a nob-le, a generous,
and a lbrave friend. ir. Cilley w.s ranked
as a firm, waniil-heate!, and devoted cham
pion ot o:herin ri-hts, interests and fee
hgs. Iiie w as descended From one of the
noldest hloodt of the llevolutiou. Ihis grand
'tinter, ('cl. ('ille', served tlrough the 1% hole
war, amd commanded the fmuous New
Ilatpshire liegiment, which was diatin
g'iihed fo;r its success."
Lnarill-1", Cincinnati and Charkeston Ri.
Rom/.-We 'are requested to invite ptbli:
attention to the noticet this day published,
calling thr an instalment of live dollars on
each sh:;e in this Company, to be paid on
*or !eiire t ho rst Monday. heiug the second
day of A pril nexut. 'I'his measure hias been
.:i 4. .! I :t 1h. Directors in order to conply
n in n- culoinoius imuposed by the act of
qur Am;:it are, givimt the guarantee of the
St iv to :t br:a of two millions, an.l w hieb
' 'lii-ei.s a certain atnountt to he 'aidh in by
the Sor bh!durs before that guarantee shall
.attacehi.
A' soni as thie iii;t;ilitag is paid, the itc
e,'; :ir.y lolais wVill b.. ef'fectedj, to enahie thle
.""'tipa it to lproseentte thle work n'ith, proper
vi .:or. fi' etprc'hase of' lie C harles'to, ,tmi
the ex:inii.mr of the biranhi f'romi h imachville'
to ('',hi-iobha, auiih the imtprovenn-.~tut o the
C harleston ro:ad,ar'e the objets wvhicht wvill
unmmtand inniinzujjit.. attention. We are
isformeid hamt t he lioni o" I ir'c'tors have
resolve.I to tke the, piroper rua;uires for
puttngte -:uslh l. (ternf Ibi/ Road!
/tak'n'''er io in Oct->bei' iaux. Nei
.mt S"tck' hlers ini the flioid eam !llu-ri-i.
hor. or holdj l.air.s ini tIn' /lrg-, no h
uir' "imn sopiinbers ate eniatb-ld to ai pre
ferentce. .Vine hlak my go intto operat iont
w .t ' ep~ital of o::e mi//ion, th ihec mtther'
.1a.ni (I harles'toni, an iilirancwhes mn Ntht
Cairo'mua .ii ''Tnnesse,, and also in Ken
tuel,<y sh- iihuh thi:: Sbate concur in I he c'harier
I lie ainpta imlniy he ciiilarged fraomu titme to
time', by3 calbahg ia n anthnent on lie stock,
utilh t slih amount to tre'e/r.''m,;l/on. Thie
ebharier' is grased for treernt /-one. //rars with
out the imimenst of anty /,onus.
I 'isler the inustrueciions of' the Direcqtors. the
l'reiile',t fias just piubli-Ibed ani .1 dd/ress,
ex phuminitg ly 3 the'ii mesures ailopted andt
conttempihlatd lby the (.'opay. it a
'1' ~ h.i~ el th povistins of the 14itk chatrter.
Iahas been aiccomipaied by 'op~ies of'
al th ch ;rter<, wvith, the hby. laws. WVe
h;la llh irmu our'ii re:iders with 'uch extracts
I'iom theim dlountil ls as nitty pt liem tin fidl
ipo's aln iif all the naeess:iry' inflormtationa
1I.c A v/a n X'tv:ge /,lie--We untderstandh
lhat i'istriucions let, e bieen reet i 'edh from,
the Generahl Po~t O flie 1hepartmen.:t, to run
'lie S'ttages tin the line fromti A ike'n iio (;rceen
hlle ii ont' day and niighit-.toJu leve A iken
at five ''e!,, 1'. 11., or a'; itst a I i
( 'ih'stn unil iiive bv'u -anyt : of i'
in-, amtIiiierive ait Giree.ntill. *'c l.: henex
aidt . Bly titin mants, passttei ' a td'h,
".ikie the p-opeir aranigc'eent ihr' e irn in.u
UI hila i itol exect'ioni: but wte hav *, nto
."ihi itt thle puilie spiritedI nt tratoirs
W i dom it a';o aiii s carensilistance('s will adhtit
of' thle chan-e. i'Tey uhe.(it' a a
r'eceived! 'zr::it ptraie ihr the' Sis'e int whtit'h
heuy keepj tip their est :hl:isinnenit tn this
line.-.1/ounitimerv
.[T' itliian prnes who ha v;, fi ,.somec
tilne past, been ini coit'ineeta t I 'or mth
favorabfle hit' -w-I rt'eanis on i hi it'wy
thm 'I'r \\ hi, ' m t e ri'' mr.it viaptain
dl.ty, the other's wtill , o i-oard this
'nr'-. .ti~f i~et i , of *' he i '.'s.
El)(EFIELD C. ll.
Tuunsnar. 31 e . :.
'1~ tc .. || .
The Rev. Dr. lirantly has withdraw a
from the Sonthern Vatchmann, and accept
ed the Presidency of the Charleston Col
lege. The Wateinan will in future be
united with the Biblical lecorder, and pub
lished under the editorial management of
the Rev. T. Meredith, Editor of the Ro
corder.
We publish some account of the death of
Mr. Cilley one of the Representatives fros
Maine, in the Congress of the U. States.
But one feeling, and that a feeling of deep
regret pirevails at Washington. Mr. C. Was
no ordinary man. The following sketch
from Mr. .Williams of the Senate is not un
interesting:
"Mr.Ci LLvY was a native of New IIamp
shire, and uelonged to one of the most au
cient and respectable families in that State.
Patriotism and bravery were his inheritance.
Ils grand-lather was the distinguished pa
triot. and brave officer of the Revolution,
Gen. Cilley; and his brother Capt. Joseph
Cilley, was the gallant leader of the heroic
charge tnder Col. Miller, at the battle of
Bridgewater Heights, in the last war.
"The deceased was a gradnate of Ilowdoin
College. in Maine,and his superior talents
and application attained for him a high
standing at the bar of that State. lie was
a good lawyer, an able advocate, and a
powerful debater.
"From early life Mr. Cilley was ardent
ly attached to the principles of free Gov
ernment a zealons advocate of the rights
of the Ihole people, and a determined op
ponent of the claim of the few to tyranize
over the many.
"In 1832 Mr. Cilley was elected to the
House of Representatives in Maine, and in
1835, and 183G was Speaker of that body,
where his powers and love of country be
came so conspienous, that in 1837 he was
elected to Congress in a District in which
thiel majority was his political opponents.
"Of his conduct here I need not speak,
Ibr all who hear me, and all who knew Mr.
Cilley in the other end of the Capitol, will
hear testimony to his ability, to his open,
frank. and determined course, to the high
order of his talents and powers as a debater
to the respect and deference which lie paid
to the rights of others.
"As a man, Mr. Cilley was warm, ar
dent, generons, noble: as a friend, trte.faith
fil, abiding. He was in the ueridian of
hi: life, aged 33; the ;ast was the earne::t of
the future.
In his death Maine has lost one of her
lbrightest orn acents,andl t alnatoni..eeft
of a devoted patriot, aid an ardent, zeal
ous supporter of its tree institutions.
"The sun wvhi?ch set u pon then lifeless corp;
of iylate friei and colleagte, rose bright
ande checering t:poni is distant firesie circle
atnd die w ife of his bosom blessed its glad:
somse beamis, maiil told her itnnocent children
dhat it brughit the return of their father onse
dlay nearer.
"Alas! " nor wvife nor chibilreni asn see
hsim~ te."' \\ho shall now penetrate the
berea~ved timaniisin, and witnse~s ihe tear-, 4
the agony, the dlist ract ion ofthle widow~ and -
anc'ldie Iithers~less! ilr. President, I canniot.
.3hny the Fanthler 'alal mercies be their coim
torter amsi uporter.
"Of~ the canse andI matnner of the den-hi
of Mir C.. I forbare to speak ; bit allow mhy
to say, thiat it is iiy soelemn conlvictain that
he eteOrtainedl no ill wvillI, and intemleed nsi -
disrespect, to Mmr. Graves, in anyv thing that
ocetirredl , and thiac ina arepging the en!!, lhe
did tnothing niore than he believed ;nc;.e
piensale, te, avoid disgrace to hiimself, to, hi
tlisily , and to his constirtnents."'
Ancd nsow a nmost nseful citizens, a fuat her,
a ihsanid las beena ut ofT' ini theL primte of
his days--and fosr what! Th''lere was tiot
even a difficclly betweeni hitmself atnd Mr.
Giraves. It was san ahl':tir ptropierly of an
either persoii. Cain Mir. Grasves rejoice that
lhe hans killed a numt , wIth~ whomi there was
ni causeP (of ofese ? Is there any :,atisfiac
ion in the reflect ion, that lie has foeusght
Webbs' battle for him and congnetred
Since wrtiing the above, we fid bey the
3leretnry's (Corrcspondlene, thait the ex
clitemient piodeled byv thie ehi of Mr. C.
hias been i ncreaseed by thie dlevelopemencit ofC
the rirenmstances attendhing it. Mr. (.
saide to his sueconde 31r..Jone5, ithat lie lin!
no eniiy nagains.t .31r. Gira ves, bt thast as
lie wa:ss a geimuanc, lie was boeundce to ac
cejpt hain bllnge. A fter the first fire, 31 r.
.1. asked if~ the eballeniger w as sat i.f el, tawl
staeted t~ 3! r. 4, hotl saidt. All wei
w illing that timn nititer shonl rest, except
Mlr. 11iisr onie eof the filends of (rar e., wvho
isisted as a pri.limiinary toi anye accoeuiii
lIVb 1to birel a; li nI4emaa. A sim:~ilar efiuist
ita i~liiest nemmhieei ws tim le, after each
tire, buit .3!r. Wise insi-ded to the h:-.t upont
hii' niireasoniabile andI absiuird perceliitnarv.
Thle ourth Iir ie prove fit al. ( (..I ri li 'i
thie Armyi., iald Navy hav~e etg.olv s.:iit t&~
.3r. (rae ,- l., Rheve he,-ii ,,atid~ed aifier
"'" "Ion" ',s 'ii omr ifooiewt.. i .\sr.
tWi eii's e .. e ise :, b,- 'a,' re em. e R-&