Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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WINTER AND SPRING FORAGE CROPS Feed Hoes and Soils With Cover Crops. Clemson College.?The extent to which forage crops and pastures supply feed for hogs will determine the amount of profit made in the^ hog business, says D. T. Herrman, Swine Specialist, basing his state-' ment on the experience of the mostj successful hog raisers in this state. ' Since there are no permanent, pastures that supply feed for the j winter and spring months, we must! torn to forage crops for this part( of the year. The crops to be used; are determined largely by soil types, and for this reason we find Piedmont farmers using crops different;' from those used in the Coastal j Plai ns scction. September is thei! time for planting all crops for winter forage, and immediate attention J' should be given to them. ii In the Coastal Plains section rye, j or oats, in a mixture wan nauy vetch and rape is about the best I, winter pasture we have. Rye is pre- j ferred to oats-by most men because j it gives more growth during the ^ winter months. A good mixture of j these three can be made of 4 pecks < of rye 1 peck of vetch and 8 pounds ^ of rape. Rye will grow on almost ( any kind of soil and vetch will be ? all right if it is properly inoculated, ( but rape requires a good rich soil \ For this reason it is best to pick a j eood 'fertile ulot. work ud a erood < kf. 1 i? * * * ?- W 4 seed 'bed, and inoculate for hairy j vetch before planting this mixture < Best results are obtained by planting between Sept. 15 and Oct. 15. j although earlier and later plantings ( are -often satisfactory. ' . In the Piedmont section bur clo- 1 ^ < * ver supply sueh excellent pasturage lor the winter months that it it unnecessary to plant anything else for these months. Both of these, however, become too coarse for hogs by the middle of March and it is necessary to have some other crop for the spring months. Five pecks of oats, one peck of vetch, and 8 pounds of rape fill th e place acraairably. On poor land rape ^xoold be left out and the rate of seeding ior oats ana vew;n increased. Xote that oats takes the place of rye in this fixture, because hogs A can handle th^ grain if it heads out better than they can rye. The prime essentials to- success in getting a stand of either bur clover or crimson clover are inoculaE?<V * tion and a firm seed bed. If given these tvvb essent:als, these clovers wiH make fine winter pasture. A good soil-building program calls for cover crops during the winter months. By using the _above-men tioned crops not only are we building our land and saving the losses of fertilizer through leaching but are making our pork more economically. ft J SFI PCTINr. POTATO 5FFn 5 % Chanson (College, Aug. 28.?Seed selected of sweet potatoes is just as important as that of corn, cotton or any other crop. You can not expect good yeilds of swpet potatoes from scrub seed any more than you can expect srood yields of milk from scrubcows. Seed selection has two distinct advantages: 1. It increases the yield by making possible a good stand of strong plants and the developement of high-yielding strains. 2. It reduces the danger from diseases, many of which may be effectively controlled by th's method. The horticulturists say-that careful selection should be practiced in the fall at digging time the potatoes selected being stored in separate crates and given special care. They should not be handled or sorted until time for bedding in the spring. Only medium sized,well shaped potatoes free from disease and from hills producing not less than five marketaibk* tubers should be selec-. ted. Ft would produce quicker results if the standard were set ten to the hill. The growers on the eastern shore of Virginia doubled their yeild following- hill selections for two years. Different varieties of potatoes should never be mixed: the markets -do not want mixed lots. It is best to | confine the crop to one or two of the marketable varieties such as the J Nancy Hall and the Porto R co. 1 f KEEPING RECORDS OF THE DAIRY HERD Clemson College, August.?The | successful business concern keeps j records of all transactions. It is some times difficult to apply orthodox business methods to many of the operations on a farm, but exact records of breeding, feeding and production in dairying can be kept and must be kept if any great success is to be attained, says I. R. Jones Assistant Dairy Husbandman, who thinks that the actual time required to keep such records is a small item when compared with their value to the dairyman in weeding out and improving his herd. Such records^ enable the breeder to coordinate production and type in selecting young animals for his future herd, not to mention their value as an aid in selling young stock. The first essential of such records is that they be simple yet thorough enough to give any desirable information. They should also be inal, that is, requiring no copying. The Milk Sheet.?This is a sheet jpon which the record of every milkng of a cow is kept. This sheet f - * 1.1 nay De ior weekly ui jeriods. The amount of milk is de;ermined by weighing on a milk scale graduated in pounds and tenths. Such a scale can be pur:hased for about $4.00. The milk sheets can be totalled at the end of ;ach week or month, and from these :otaIs the yearly production ascer:ained. The value of the product :rom each cow can be figured from ;he price obtained during each month >f the year. Feed Record.?The amount of feed riven to each cow should be recorded. The grain should be weighed at f== g? I Fir A 1 ? Abb ' * i Fri< IAdmi Ne> ! THE BEST BREED OF HOGS I ( Clemson College. August?It is I seldom or never that a livestock j meeting is held but that some farmer has asked, "What is the besl breed of hogs?" In answering this question there at least three factors ! which should be taken into considex lation, say the swine specialists, | The first consideration is, What I breed do you like best? Personal j preference is one of the important factors. When a man has the breed he likes best he will fell better satisfied. The second factor is community preference. The farmer who has no personal preference should select | the breed which is most popular in jhis community. This will help to make a uniform product, and will make marketing easier. The third factor to take into consideration is adaptation to local con ditions. This can best be illustrat ed by calling attention to the white hog, which is popular in th* North but suffers skin sca.l whci grown each feeding and the roughage, such as silage and corn, occasionally. From these records and the market price of the feeds, the cost of each cow's feed is easily determined. < At the end of a year's production the records of each cow should be entered on -a permanent sheet showing whether the product exhibits a profit or loss above feed cost. Breeding Records.?The most important breeding record is that of service. For this we need a sheet with place for name of cow, date of service, name of bull, date of calving sex, color, weight and the disposition of caif. \ st Ga i leville 1 \ Rose Jay C ssion - in the Southern Stat-.s. Besides these poults .cvutyme i should bear in mu. th*: ttifre is . tJten a greater d''.lerence between individuals of the Lr?if' than there . is between the breeds. Many heat. ed discussions arise as to the strong , points of the different breeds. , It would be more profitable to us if we would spend that time and . energy in finding out the weak and strong points of the individuals of our herd, so that judicious culling may ibe done. TWO GOOD COWS $30 muivc. nn-vmt, a mv/mu When you hear a farmer in a cotton and tobacco country say that the velvet bean is the greatest crop for that section, you may make up your mind that an important change is taking place in the agriculture of the region. The man who placed the velvet bean above the old stand-bys is P. M. Pitts, a farmer of Sumter County, and the change is being brought about by the dairy cow. Mr Pitts is so well pleased with the results of a few years of dairying that he says, "I should like to see two good cows on every one-horse farm in Sumter County. It would mean $30 a month additional income to every farm and the feed used in making the milk would hardly be missed. There is many a man who wbuld be happy to have that income, and since the ticks are gone it is easily possible to get it. "A fanner with a few cows will need to buy very little feed. The grain ration I am using is made up of 200 pounds of velvet Deans ground in the pod, 200 pounds of corn and cob meal, and 100 pounds of cottonseed meal. This feed has giv?i just mm n i i me o: [fivsNi 1 noerg v k i fct. 6t f Clinton FORTY-THREE DISTILLERIES The July report of Federal Prohibition Director G. C. Brown of South Carolina, issued Friday morning, shows that federal prohibition agents have been active in this state during the past month. A total of 43 illicit distilleries and 8 stills have been destroyed, and 298 and 3-8 gallons of spirits have been poured out. Seven illicit still worms were rendered useless, and 19,790 gallons of mash were destroyed. Federal agents also seized 217 fermenters, which were made unfit for further use. In carrying on the fight against the bootleggers of this section, the federal authorities seized 7 automobiles, the value of which was estimated at $4,000. The total appraised value of property seized and destroyed was $9,343.75, while the value of the property not destroyed was estimated at $4,000. 1. VTCUUJT-CJgiib C*? A COVk? AAA VVilUbV tion with violation of prohibition laws were made by the federal officers during July, and 119 prosecutions were carried on. No agents were injured in performing their duties. as good results as a mixed feed that cost $60 a ton. In the winter the cows have velvetbean vines for rough age and pasture on rye planted in September. "This will be a disastrous year xor many larmtrs m trns secuuu wuu have no live stock. Our county used to grow 45,003 bales of cotton a year, but the weevil has cut down the production from year to year and this fall we will probably get no more than 12,000 bales." > A T brvL f Seas S f , t nety SL1 Field h4P ?Zr pint i Plays h I CORN SMUT. Clemson College. Aug. 10?Corn smut, -which is beginning to make its appearance in this year's crop, is characterized by various sized swellings on .almost any part of the plant above groun^. At first these are white but later tkey turn black, and still later they jtecome dry and burst open. The interior is then filled with a dark brown or black powder, composed v of the spores of the fungus. The damage is usually comparatively * small as compared with some Qtfcer sources of loss, but it is serious because it always occurs. No satisfactory control measure is yet known. It is sometimes advised that, the spore masses be destroyed, but this measure is not apt to be very successful unless it be made a community practice over a con 3idera'ble area and foe persisted in for some years since the fungus can maintain itself in the soil and in debris for a good while* just bow long is not known. The Bureau ^of Plant Industry of the U. 9. Department of Agriculture is working on the problem of control, and ftere are hopes that the investigatioa will solve the problem. Com smut does not seem to be <' poisonous to livestock. In fact a '!> foodpossible utilization of it JB human food has been suggested. Dr. F. I. Stevens of the University > of Illinois a national authority on i ' -U 'i?\ ' n* plant diseases, has tested it out and reported it delicious. The smut balls should be taken befort foey become dark and should be cooked like mushrooms. 1 Watch the lab?l on 7ear n|if, ' . t . mm all I jLi 1 * m inn I sHi HH H n mm M * I d 50c lere I