Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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OF INTEF BOLL WEEV About Method* of Combatting the! Boll Weevil?Based on (BY C. A. WHITTL When do boll weevils begin to harm the cotton plant? Th& boll weevil does practically no harm to the cotton plant until the squares begin to form. The damage done to the squares is far greater than is done to the bolls, and with greater propriety the insect might have been named the "cotton square weevil." Some of the worst insects which .farmers have to contend with do their harm by eating, 'but the ma ture boll weevil is not an enemy in that way. It is through its reproduc tive process that the weevil does damage to the cotton squares. The boll weevil emerges from winte>r quarters and is in the cotton field waiting for squares to form so inut it tan ltxy iib trgga anu then die. Many of them die before squares are formed and all the old weevils have about lived out their day by squaring time. Boll weevils may be harming the squares on the early cotton crop, that is, some squares can be lost! without endangering the prospects! of a full crop, for cs any farmer < knows, cotton puts on aibout 50 per. cent more squares than it ever ma-j turcs. I If there are only a very.few wee-J vils in a cotton field and they are puncturing only a few squares, one could, therefore, say that the boll' weevils are doing no real damage,' but as soon as the weevils reproduce' and become numerous enough to de-' stroy more than the natural shed of squares, then they are reducing the yield and are, of course, endanger-' ing success. 'II boll weevils appear in great numbers from winter quarters and theaten to take the greater part of the squares as they form then it is' considered a good policy to begin the fight against the weevil early,1 even before the squares begin to1 form. . 1 When should an early fight against the boll weevil begin? Provided the wintered over wee vils are numerous enough to threat en heavy destruction of the first' squares, the time to combat them is - * .1 ' just before tne squares "oegm w form. Re?member that the weevils are doing no harm until the squares form and also remember that many of the weevils that emerge from winter quarters will die before the square forming time. One elective measure taken just before squares begin to form will, therefore, be all that is nece?ssaryvin -fVio nr wintered K,\JI l*vavv?ll? v??w w- 1 over w&evils. The real fight, of course, comes later with the new generations of weevils. What is the most effective method -jf destroying wintered over wee vils? Dust some calcium aresnate poi son on the plants. It requires very little of it to go over the young, plants. For this one application no machinery is required for putting on the poison. Before the squares form the wee vils forage in th? terminal bud. If poison is dusted on the top of the plant the weevil will most likely get its fatal dose.. This application of poieon can ibe made with a cheese cloth ha? or other simple device, fcut these devices will not do for ap plying poison when the regular poi soning times comes later on. Ma rines must then be used. Are traps of practical value in catching weevils? 'Boll weevil traps have never been an economical success. Some, weevils can be oaught by them but not' enough to exercise any marked con trol. Various traps have been tried by the government experts but none are recommended by them. A tvnical appliance that has been sold to farmers all the way from Texas to North Carolina, consists of a flail arrangement for knocking weevils off of the cotton stalk into a pan of kerosene attached to a frame work which in turn is fasten ed a plow. The difficulties about a trap of (EST TO F IL CONTROL Series of Aniwer* and Questions j Highest Authorities E IN THE STATE.) [ this kind are that if the stalks are I hit hard enough to dislodge the boll I weevil, the cotton plants will drop some of their leaves Into the oil, which, of <?ourse? affords safety for the weevils. It is also found that it is almost impossible to keep from spilling the oil. i i Some farmers in nearly every j community will try to catch weevils at night with a light suspended over a tub containing water coaled with kerosene, their impression being J that the boll weevil flies at night.,'1 But the weevil is not a night flyer, and, of course, the light trap is ofj no value. Ar? boll weevils attracted by poi-'' soned sweets? , -Complete tests indicate that the;' boll weevil is not a lover of sweets;' in fact, it is attracted by no sweet I except honey. v| In parts of the South ther& was' quite an extensive use of poisoned ( molasses last year, the belief being fV>of KnM weevil was attracted byi. the molasses. The only reason that boll weevils' visited the poisoned molasses was because there was no dew *and the; molasses offered the only drink. Af-!( ter dewless nights poisoned molasses ( or other poisoned sweets have been ^ found to kill boll weevils effectively: but it has also been found that poi- j soned molasses kill honey bees, \ humble bees and 'other sweets-loving1 insects. These t insects perform a j great service to the farmer in that they carry pollen from one flower' to the other and thus help the crops ' *-<-> nvn/inoo -more than they other wise would. Wherever there is nectar in a flower there -nature is calling for the bee as an aid to the cross fertilization of flowers. Poisoned sweets are also more dangerous to live stock on the farm because live stock like sweets. Poisoned sweets can do nothing that can not be done better and with less expense by calcium arsenate nor does calcium arsenate kill de_ sir able insects. Is poisoned liquid usful in de stroying the wintered over weevils? Appliances are being offered to fomart for nnttine calcium arse. r.ate in liquid form on the small cot- , ton plants to kill the wintered over weevils. This is better than poisoned mo lasses, but better still, is discussed in a previous article* is an application of calcium arsenate dusted on the young plants. It is a difficult matter to make and maintain an effective liquid poi son. It does not lend itself to a com. plete distribution of poison over all * " ' - - J +l.? parts of tne piant as uum U1C UUkJU j 1 form. ? BOLL WEEVIL CONTROL J Why should special machines be ' used for applying calcium arsenate? !, Calcium arsenate is different from, other poisons in that it is designed j to poison the dew. To treat all the dew it is necessary to cover the e?n-', tire cotton plant with calcium ar_ j i senate. No machine was equal to i' that, so it was necessary (A> UCSlgli | ^ one especially suited to the task. This the federal experts have done, , talcing out patents in the name of the government so that the farmer j is saved the expense of paying patients cost. What types of machines are suit- j ed to various sized farms? iFor a small farm with less than 25 acres in cotton, the hand gun may be used. Each hand gun can take care of about eight acres. A hand gun will.cost from $12.50 to $20.00. A hand grin will take care of one row at a time. It is operated by a crank that turns a fan to force the poison out of the spout Into the air. For the farmer who operates more acreage a mule (back or one I mule machine may 'be employed. Th mule back machine has twoj , spouts and therefore can cover two ' rows at a time. It is mounted on the,1 i back of a mule and operated by hand. It costs from $45 to $55 and ARMERS each machine is capaible of covering 50 to 60 acres a season. The one-mule mahine' is mounted on a wheel which affords traction for operating the fan. It will cover two to three rows at a time and will take care of 60 to 70 acree in season the cost is from $100 to $140 'Machines of this type are very sat isfactory and relieve one of the arduous labor of turning cranks which the hand gun and mule-back machines necessitate. A machine for larger acreage is a three or four row two.mule ma chine with whefil traction, each ma chine being equal to handling 100 acres a se>ason. The cost varies from $250 to $100. This machine is heavy and not as well suited to clay ey lands, (because it is necessary to apply poison at times when the soil would be muddy. A still larger machine equal to covering several rows at a time has been used to a limited extent, but it is suitable only wihere a larger acre age is embodied in each field. Is calcium arsenate dangerous to life? Calcium arsenate is, of course, poisonous, but if simple precautions are taken there will he no danger to man or beast. If cattle lbre?ak into the cotton field and are allowed to feed on poisoned plant they may get enough poison to kill them. If plow mules persist in nibbling at cotton, it would be ibetter to muzzle them. When a man has concluded the day's poisoning he should bathe all over and of course, before he eats any meal he should wash his hands. Keep the poison in storage where the cattle can not get at it. Will calcium arsenate promote plant louse damage? Instances have been found where it appears that calcium arsenate pro moted plant louse damage Iby de stroying the natural enemy of the louse. Plant lice, are not tbad. Whenever they are abundant enough to do harm, an application of nicotine sul phate will keep them in control. One should not, in order to keep them down plant lice, refrain from killing boll weevils; since between the two no farmer should hesitate as to which to choose; but since nicotine sulphate is a cheap means of con. trol for lice, there is no reason for making a choice. LIVESTOCK POINTS WAY TO 'NORMALCY' Price* on Sound Basis; Will Go Higher, Says Chicago Expert Chicago, April 13.?The live stock industry has et the pace for agricul tural readjustment and indications are that it will "continue to exert a dominating influence in the return of business to normal conditions," according to a quarterly report issue today by S. B. Stafford, president of the Chicago stock exchange. "Prices are on a sound basis," said the report. Continued light sup plies may be expected because of the enormous losses th? spring pig crop has sustained. "Cattle should sell at higher levels. We are on the verge of a scarcity of beef producing animals ;hat would have become acute before now, had not the depression caused in increase in marketing at the same time it curtail consumptive demand." "Since the turn of the year," the report adds "live stock has been [yulling the farmer out of his pre dicament." A high sheep market all summer is forecast with the statement that lamb prices have been the highest 3;nce the decline from war levels. Toll rates through the Panama can il are about $1,000 an hour. TEACHERS EXAMINATION The regular spring teachers exami nation will be held at the county Court House, Friday May 12th and Saturday May 13th. The examina tion will cover primary licenses, first second and third grade, and general elementary licenses first, second and third grades. The examination for high school certificates will be held later. P. H. MANN, 4t Supt. of Education. POSTAL IMPROVEMENT WEEK IS OBSERVED May 1 Sees Inaugurated First General Campaign of Kind in Service. Without the Postal Service, buslnesi would languish In a day, and be at a standstill in a week. Public opinion would die of dry rot. Sectional hatred or prejudice only would flourish, and narrow-mindedness thrive. It la the biggest distinctive buslnesa In the world and it comes nearer to th? innermost interests of a greater num ber of men and women than any other Institution on earth. No private busi ness, however widespread, touches so many lives so often or sharply; n? church reaches into so many souls, flutters so many pulses, has so many human beings dependent on its min istrations. "Postal Improvement Week" has been set for May 1, by the Postmaster General. This is the first general cam paign of its kind in the Postal Service for several decades. Business men and their organizations, large users of the mall, newspapers, motion pictures, advertisers, and the entire organiza tion of 32G.000 postal workers are to be enlisted In this country-wide campaign of Interest in postal improvements. Your help is vital. Address your let ters plainly with pen or typewriter. Give street address. Spell out name of State, don't abbreviate. Put your return address in the upper lejt hand corner of envelope (not on the back) and always look at your letter before dropping In the mail to see if it is properly addressed. This care In the U6e of the mails is for your benefit and speeds up the dispatch and delivery of> mail matter. If you have any complaints of poor service make them to your postmaster. He has instructions to investigate them and report to the department. COURTESY It sticks in human relations like postage stumps uu jcucis. xnc POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT ex pects it to be used by its postmasters and employees in dealing with th? public. Help them in its use beginning with POSTAL IMPROVEMENT WEEK, May 1-6,1922. THANK YOU PAID $9,000 FOR A FIDDLE Paris, April 20?A Stradivarius violin for which the maker Antonius Stradivarius received 80 francs when he made it at Cremona in 1735, has just been sold here for 103,400 francs including the war tax. This is equivalent at current rates Qf exchange to about $9,000. The violin was for a long time the property of the late Charles La moureux founder and conductor of the famous .Lamoureux orchestra. The recent tests which seemed to establish that modern-made violins cannot be distinguished from ancient ones by their tone do not seem to have affected the price of ancient instruments, if this sale can be takeji as a criterion. Tip Man .Worth $100,000 ^Chicago, April 22.?When the diners on the Pioneer Limited of J the Chicago, Milwaukee and St.' Paul railroad pushed their tips to! one of the. waiters they do not know!! that they are giving their money to a man worth $100,000. iFor more than twenty years Wil liam Taylor Johnson of Chicago has| had charge of th? cafe club car on fVio frnin lintwAPn <~!hina,ero and the! Twin Cities. The two days ha was J forced to spend every week in Min neapolis gave Johnson his first idea for high finance. He t>ought a thirty six acre farm at Anoka, Min;a., twen ty miles north of Minneapolis. Here he raised hogs, turkeys, chickens, corn, potatoes and never has known a crop failure. Yesterday he refused $100,000 cash for his farm. SEABOARD CHANGES SCHEDULE The following is the new schedule for the Seaboard Air Line effective April 16th, 1922 at 12:01 P. M. NORTH No. 6 due at Abbeville 4:33 p. m. No. 30 due at Abbeville 12:24 p. m. No. 12 due at Abbeville 1:27 a. m. No. 18 due at Abbeville 10:25 a. m. SOUTH No. 5 due at Abbeville 2:01 p. m.1 i No. 29 due at Abbeville 3:45 p. m. j No. 11 due at Abbeville No. 17 due at Abbeville 3:3a a. m. 5:35 a. m.1 WITHOUT STREET ADDRESS YOUR MAIL IS DELAYED AT OFFICE OF DELIVERY The Dead Letter Office has been in existence ever since Ben Franklin started our postal service.- Even then people addressed mail to Mr. Eaeklel Smlthers, "Atlantic Coast," and ex pected Ben to know just where Zeke lived. Perhaps tliey had Zeke's address la letters op In the garret, maybe s chest full of 'em, but then It was easier to let Ben hant Zeke. Today people are addressing letters to John Smith, New York. N. Y., or Chicago, 111., thinking Uncle Sam can locate him, which is Just as Incomplete as was Zeke's ad dress of yore. The Postofflce Depart ment asks you to put the number and street in the address. It helps you. How do you expect the Postal Clerk to know whether you mean Trinidad, California, or Trinidad, Colorado? ALWAYS SPELL OUT TOE NAME OF THE STATE IN FULL IN THE ADDRESS. "MORE BUSINESS IN GOVERNMENT" This apt phrase was used In Presi dent Harding's tirst message to Con gress and applies particularly In postal management where postmasters are being: Impressed with the fact th?t I hey are managers of local branches of Hie biggest business In the werld. HERE COMES A STRANGER! Let's make our post office look neat, Mr. Postmaster. Straighten up the rural letter box, Mr. Farmer. Tidy up some, Mr. Rural Carrier. First impressions are lasting. Maybe Mr. Stranger, taking notice of these Im provements, will come back, bringing you benefits. Start these with "POS TAL IMPROVEMENT WEEK" May I 6. UI!MAM17IMr TUP nummn<?itiu mu POSTAL SERVICE "There Is no unimportant person or part of our service. It Is a total of human units and their co-operation Is the key to Its success. In Its last analysis, postal duties are accommo dations performed for our neighbors and friends and should be so regarded, rather than as a hired serrlce per formed for an absentee employer."? Postmaster General Hubert Work. ........VI! SPARTANBURG I Spartanburg, S. C, SOUTHERN RA: The Southern Railway v onninmonf fn nrnnorlv fulzt Ul^ltipuuvxiv UV X V|/V A > of Spartanburg account of The Russian Symphony 1 been secured, also the Wo for the entire occasion. The Converse College C 300 voices; the famous Chil 500 voices from the Public For detailed information etc., call on nearest Southei R. C. COTNER, I SPAR ASHE Fertilizei HIGH C FERTIL D1 buILI Ul j (Bto. U. S. fat. FOR SA R. S. LINK, .. J.R.WINN, .. SPEER & BONI MAMMOTH AIRPLANE . WILL CAR Daily Flights Between Ne? And Chicago To Be la augnrated Soon Chicago, April 15.?Daily between New York and Chi airplanes carrying 200 pers he inaugurated soon, accordii announcement by Mrs. Ediftfc feller McCormick. Mrs. Mo told a meeting of the womej mittee of the Civic Opera aa yesterday that ahe became in in the plans for the line ti ago. She predicted that in time trans-continental p planes excelling those now i Europe in capacity, and - will be operated. "It was almost two years a Mrs. McCormick, "that th were suibmitted to me and, 1 much interested. They pro two passenger planes coating 000 -each with a capacity of sons and 25,000 pounds o? : we expect wley wiu uegu distance between Chicago ^ York in ten hours. The * be as reasonable as those ibest trans-continental trai: and round trips can be mad in a single day/' . Cotton and Lamb* John K. Grodi of Toled< said: "I bought three cotb kerchiefs for 27 cents. The ed less than two ounces, rate cotton would cost pound. Twelve hundred j times what the farmer gets cent cotton." Mr. Grodi thinks that something wrong when twelve times as much to i ture and sell the cotton as i plant it, .cultivate it, fei pick it, and market it. An( right?Arthur Brisbane in Georgian. This is like the western i Isold his spring lambs for each, went to New York to the trade and paid 75 cent lamb chop. The world's tallest chii Anaconda, Mont., is three fe than Washington monument SIT MUSIC FESTIVA May 3-4-5, 1922 [LWAY SYSTEM rill provide necessary ex * care of travel into and above occasion. Orchestra of New York rld's most famous Art horal Society consisting dren's Chorus consisting Schools. regarding fares, scluedu| *n Railway agent or addi )istrict Passenger Agenj TANBURG, S. C. :poo r Works RADE .IZERS > a standard Not Down ob.) to a price lLE by Abbeville .. ? Due West ), Lowndesville est I