Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PAGtl S1A OF INTER WE NEED BETTER PASTURES ? "Live-at-Home" Farming Demands More than Fencing in Waste Land Clemson College.?Some farmers #f South Carolina attempt to solve the pasture problem by fencing some at the waste land on the farm and tailing it a pasture. In this kind of pasture the stock get plenty of exer- j f ?ise and a small amount of grazing, e Since the boll weevil has invaded the u state it behooves every farmer to j r ^consider those things that will enable1 a ksra to "live at home"' first of all. I Milk and butter and pork and beeflo tan not be produced at a low cost p without good permanent pastures, s There are a few pasture plants thatjs have been tried out in this state and "have proved that with a reasonable amount of preparation a good per manent pasture is both possible and practicable. A combination of grasses and legumes is to be preferred to .any single grass since it will give more continuous grazing, a greater variety and a better balanced food ration. The best pastures will be produc ed on the low moist soils and the seepy hillsides. It is true that most f the low lands are needed to grow *rn and other field crops; however, tftere are many acres of land under arttivation where crops are destroy by overflow and water-logging JMit where grass would survive There are also many acres of land m timber, bushes and broom-sedge &st could be cleared and put into permanent pasture. The thin, dry, unproductive hillsides can not be ex pected to maintain successfully a food pasture sod until they have %een built up by heavy applications dt manure or by growing a few crops velvet beans or cowpeas and plow ing these under before seeding the grasses. If these hillsides have never %een cultivated and it is not practic able to clear them, they may be in eluded in the pasture to furnish s}. sessary shade for the stock. Up- SF h V r E u c. c! k Vi T b: m fi: g> ol U! di c< Si a1 qi a( us in ol oi tii th hinds and hillsides of fair fertility will furnish more or less grazing Iforoughaut the year but because of bt droughts will not furnish the de- fc, Spendable grazing that the low moist 5and will furnish. For this reason it is best to develop the lowlands 4rsL Information on preparation of land, grasses and legumes best suit ed for South Carolina pasture lands, methods of seeding, grass mixture Sonmjlas, etc., may be had by writ iag for Extension Circular 32. "Bet i*pt Pastures for South Carolina." SPRING GARDEN NOTES CJeason College.?In order to liave a good spring garden it is well ts> begin now and prepare the land a& soon as the soil conditions will permit, 4>y first plowing the entire area to a depth of 8 to 10 inches, applying stable manure broadcast and harrowing thoroughly until a perfect seed bed is formed. The surface of the unplanted as Well as the planted land should be caHivated in order to conserve ?oisture. I -p The garden should be laid off injti cafws running the long way to be more esaily cultivated with horse implements. If the rows are less ti^an 30 inches apart the cultivation arfll have to be done t>y hand plow or hoe. The ordinary hand or push flow i? indispensable where one not use horse implements for cultivation. As s*on as one vegetable is har vested, another should be planted its place. Rotation of crops is ttlgviaaMe throughout the year. It is jt ?fry ecpensive in labor to allow J v :inj p >rtion of th? garden to grov j e T5p in grass and weeds, as it requires i a * great deal of labor to put this i*nd ia condition for planting!I vrain. h ss m P< S< ly as ec tc al ' e< English peas should be planted' in Ja***rf, but may be planted any I dori*g February. fridi potatoes should be planted c (ferine February. The Irish Cobbler x us ?ne of the best varieties for home 1 *se a*4 early market. 1 Beets, -carrots, celery, kale let- I ?6ucp Mustard, onions, parsley radishes, salsify, spinach and tur- \ wags maf be planted in the ope* ] Airing the last half of February. < :est to f SPRAYS FOR SAN JOSE SCALE USED IN WINTER tfust Not Be Used While the Tree Is in Foliage, Says Prof. A. F. Conradi. Clemson College.?The sprays used or controlling San Jose scale on ruit and other trees can not be us d on trees in foliage, but must be ised during the fall and winter nonths when the trees are leafless nd dormant, according to Prof. A. \ Conradi, entomologist, who urges wners or orchards to use lime-sul >hur to fight the scale now for the ake of fruit next season. The lime ulfur spray may be prepared at ome, either by the use of steam, orj nth fire, using an iron kettle. Di ections for making are given in Ixperiment Station Circular, 30 rhich may be obtained upon appli ation. The liquid lime-sulfur may be pur hased also in some of the local mer ets with directions how to mix with ater to make the proper spray, here are on the market several rands of dry lime-sulfur which are lixed with water1 at the rate of fteen pounds of the powder to fifty allons of water. In buying lime llfur compounds it is necessary to btain them as fresh as possible and 3e them as soon as possible. The rum in which this material is re iived should not be open unneces irily to expose the material to the ;mosphere. This material handles iiite conveniently, but has the dis Ivantage of being more expensive. There are several brands of oil sed for controlling scale, and full formation regarding these may be itained upon request. When using 1, it is urged that a simple separa on test be made before spraying ie trees, to make certain that the 1 does not separate. Before the spraying, the tree lould be properly pruned, with tecial attention to twigs and anches shot-holed by the twig bark ;etle, and the prunings should not s left in the orchard but should be lrned immediately. Not only is uning a necessity in fruit growing it pruned trees can be sprayed ore thoroughly in less time and ith less material. PLANT GOOD COTTON SEED Clemson College.?It is now time : year for every farmer who ex icts to plant cotton this spring to ;t his seed ready for planting. We lould all make sure that we have >od strong, clean, healthy seed of : approved variety ready to plant, tys Prof. C. P. Blackwell, agrono 51, YV11U Ul^CO tIMk. lb lO AAAVT&W 4U?-| jrtant now than ever before to use )od seed that will germinate readi and give a vigorous early growth, > otherwise the crop may be delay 1 and lost to the boll weevil. There are three things about cot in seed that we should all look [ ;ter carefully at this season: 1. Our seed should be of a test ] and approved variety of cotton, here are seedsmen who are adver sing varieties of cotton that they aim made high yields under boll eevil conditions, as a special adver sement to sell their seed to far iers in boll weevil territories. Some f these advertisements are either rauds or serious exaggerations, his is no time to experiment with ighly advertised varieties that we now nothing about personally. The gronomy division of Clerason Col jge has conducted thorough tests or a great many years to determine he best varieties of cotton for boll /eevil conditions, and after careful xamination the following varieties re recommended: Short Staple: (1) Cleveland Big Soil for wilt-free land; (2) Dixie triumph for wilt-infested land. Long Staple: (1) Webber 49; (2 )eltatype Webber. 2. We should use seed not only >f approved varieties but from a eliable source. Farmers who are >uying seed will do well to buy from eliable seedsmen as near home as jossibie. 3. We should make sure that ;he seed we are planting are strong, lealthy seed and will give us a ^uick vigorous gemination. If there ARMERS TWO NEW PUBLICATIONS is Issued By Extension Service and to S. C. Citiiens. .Clemson College, Feb. 6.?In or der to meet the demands in two phas es of farming now attracting in creased interest the Extension Ser vice has issued two new publications, namely, Extension Bulletin 42 (re vised), "Home Gardening in South Carolina," and Information Card 20, "Curing Pork on the Farm." Both of these publications are free to citi zens of South Carolina for the ask ing. "Home Gardening in South Caro lina" is a 40-page bulletin giving gen eral information on eardenine, with attention to such matters as suit able soils, how plants feed and grow, cultivation methods, fertilizers, hot beds and coldframes, brief individu al discussion of the various veget aables, varieties recommended for the home garden, information and instructions for spraying and other treatment for insect pests and fun gous diseases which attack garden vegetables. A speciality interesting feature of the publication is a dou ble-page table giving in compact form information as to quantity of seed to plant, when to plant, when to transplant, how to fertilize, etc. "Curing Pork on the Farm" is a mailing card giving brief instruc tions on the dry curing method and' the brine curing method and on smoking the cured gieat. This card puts in a few words helpful instruc tion for the benefit of farmers, many of whom have no definite informa tion on best methods of curing pork. HOW TO MAKE CREAM WHIP MORE EASILY Clemson College.?Quite often the housewife has difficulty in getting cream to whip. As a rule she blames f Vi a Vin/>aiico oVie +Viinta Via selling cream which contains too low a percentage of butterfat. This is not necessarily the case because several other factors may enter in and may be responsible. Under ordinary conditions it is probably true that cream testing about 30 per cent butter-fat will whip more readily than will cream containing either a lower or higher percentage of fat, says M. R. Tol strup, associate professor of dairy ing, but it is possible to whip ordin ary coffee cream testing 18 to 20 per cent butter-fat when the follow ing rules are observed. 1. Do not try to whip warm cream or cream which has just been pro duced. 2. Keep the temperature of the cream below 50 degrees Fahrenheit and if possible below 40 degrees. 3. Have the cream at least one day old or older as long as it is still sweet. 4. Whip the cream in a cool place and in a cool vessel. At times it is difficult to comply with all the above conditions but still necessary to have whipped cream. In such cases a little viscogen may be added to make it possible to whip cream. Viscogen is a solution made from sugar, lime, and water, and may be prepared at home by directions which the dairy division will furnish upon request, or may be bought in small quantities under different names. Viscogen is harmless, but if too much is added a disagreeable taste will be imparted to the cream. It is preferable to use only the amount necessary to get the cream to whip properly. Viscogen also makes the whipped cream stand up a little bet ter, and by its use even thin cream can be readily whipped. A little viscogen added to the ice cream mix aids in producing a smoother ice cream. "I believe that the snread of the use of the automobile is going to do as much to teach one nation that an other nation is made up of decent chaps and "to cure them of their old rivalries and feuds and bitterness as any other agency on God's green footstool can ever hope to do.?Ir vin S. Cobb. is any doubt at all about the seed in we should make a germination test ne before planting time. sic FARM COST ACCOUNTS PAY Ctemson College.?Every man wh fanning for a living and who r< rds his farm as a business shoul ep same kind of cost account ithout a knowledge of the detaile sts and profits on a farm it ca rdly be properly called a businea ere are three broad classes of fai srs (1) Men who farm with th iin objective of making a home ) Men who farm for pleasure; (3 >n who are trying to farm as ainess. We have these three classe farmers in South Carolina, an re as well as elsewhere the las ,ss is composed of the best an >st businesslike fanners, while th asure farmers are the least busi ss.like, so far as their connec ns with the farm itself is concem To the farmers in the last class i business farmers, we look fo : progress in agriculture, say >f. W. C. Jenson, specialist i] m management. Most of thes n keep ai record of some kirn er in the head or in a simpe diarj h o^ which methods, howevei i inconvenient or more or less in urate. Only a very small percent j of farmers in South Garolim ip cost accounts, and many o: Be who do not keep accounts con er only the farm In a general wa; I when little or no attention ' U t of production. Phis condition should change an< ilowly changing. Some states hav< ny farmers keeping accounts ir correct manner. This work h& n promoted largely by the agri rural colleges and the farms ar< L off on regular route system, s< t the books on each farm are giv frequent inspection by represen ves of the college. ]*he facts brought out by accounts surprising. In a county in on< ithern state it was found thai ay farmers were actually losing isy on their farms as a whole were enabled to just live on ac nt of the cows and the poultry accounts on about sixty identical ry farms in Wisconsin, labor in im -ronorino1 -from Ahnilt ?2500.OC ninus $1000.00 were discovered. Llthough there are several kinds accounts that farmers shoulc p, we may define cost accounts ply and in a general way a: ins of determining the financia ;us of one or more enterprises h as cotton, (corn, small grain s, cows, poultry, the household All accounts may be placed ir i broad classes as to purpose oi fulness, one class being the rec on a farm as a whole, and th( er class uncluding records or ac nts of the separate industries or more. The c^aS8 ?* ac nts indicates to the farmer wha' labor income for the year is or farm as a whole, but he is quit< jely in the dark as to whence hi! \ or gain comes. He can not saj illigently whether it comes fron ton, cows, garden, nor which en prise paid best. ["he second class of accounts con ;rs more in detail an industry ne, is very valuable and mor< iness-like than the general farn ount; and when the larmer Keep: h an account with each and ever: ustry on his farm and then bal :es his 'books, comibining all th< ounts of the separate industrie show the status of the farm as j ole, he is practicing good' busi a methods. Then, If as much tim< jiven by the farmer to study o completd accounts and to plan g for better organization an< re efficient management, as wa en to keeping the accounts, prog s is bound to be made and in tased profits will eventually floi ? his pockets. The study and th .nning accruing from study are th porant factors, the results, o jrse, depending a great deal upo : judgment of the farmer himsel: ?TV-4 Ami IT ?/ > UX ttUCUUllU) mcxvijr jlv ; sake of keeping Is absolutel rthless. Since conditions change from yea year, a record on only one year : t especially valuable. Five yeai )uld be considered a mlnimun ithin five years both good and ba ars are apt to occur, thus givin i entire period a fair aveage. Whatever the farm is doing, a< lints kept in the right way wi aw up the truth, and it was urge it all farmers start accounts Jai ry 1 because of the convenient taking inventories and the slacl ss of farm work at this time, b< les the important psychologic; LITTER FOR THE POULTRY HOUS1 Clemson College.?Litter o* th d floor of the poultry house i &1 placed there to hide the grain, th d purpose being to furnish exercise fo the birds, by making them scratc' in the litter in search of the grair This is best accomplished if the lit ter is loose, dry and coarse. Where poultry raising is carrier on in conjunction with general fam operations, there is usually an abun dance of material at hand for use a d litter, such as straw, hay and leave it'Grain straw is the best; leaves crusl d ' quickly and do not hide the graii e In the commercial poultry plant I- where litter has to be purchased, on practice is to use planer sharing mixed in equal proportions witl wheat, rye, or oat straw. It is a good plan to put about tw< or three inches of litter in the housi s' in the fall and then add to it, a littL n every week or two, thus keepinj e ( clean litter on the top all the time flj Litter should be changed? r?l 1. Whenever it becomes so fin< that it packs down and does not hid< the grain. 2. Whenever it becomes moist oi damp. Whenever it becomes much soil ed with the poultry manure. Poultry Breeding Problems Clemson College?The great aim in poultry breeding should (be th< improvement of poultry in thos< qualities hich have a definite mar ket value, such as increased egg production, quality and quantity oi flesh growth, and perfection oi color pattern. All of these qualities are associated more or less witi perfection of proprotion or sym metry of the individual, and an; 5j improvement which is continuous 51 and which progresses toward a giv :i en ideal will materially improve the general appearance of the progenj and conduce to uniformity. The breeder should select his breeding males ad females now ' j advises N H Mehrhof, pouHrj ' | specialist, who insists that onl; ' j vigorous and healthy birds thai i /'Anfnrm to fchfl standard in rearard 5 j to shape, color and weight should 'jbe chosen. 5j In breeding the practice of e J few principles will help in perfect ' ing desirable characteristics. > 1 Breed from parents both oi > which conform as closely as pos i sifble to the standard. 1 2 Breed from parents which ar< as purely bred as it is possible tc * obtain them. ' 3 Study the individuals and en deavor to note them so that th< ? faults of the parents will be cor lected in the offspring. 4 Practice a rigorous selectior from hatching time to maturity and especially when mating th< breeding hens. 5 Consider environment, such as housing and feeding conditions. reason of beginning the new yeai right. Clemson College is interested ir starting accounts on as many farm! as possible in 1922, as such accounts furnish in time some most valuaibl( information, and the agronomy di vision will be glad to assist farmeri in this irork. ASHE Fertilize HIGH II r tii i built up (Reg- U. S. Pa FOR S R. S. LINK, .. J.R.WINN, .. SPEER & BON PEACH LEAF CURL. E . . Clemson College.?In 1921, after e the growing eeason began, the fcfct .3 any division received a namber of e specimens of peach leaf curl, with re r quests for directions for aontrol of h the disease. After the season's i. growth has begun, however, it ia ta late to do anything, as infection ac curs during the winter moaths, a'ad d after the disease begins to develop a it does not spread any farther, ?c i- cording to the plant pathologists, s who make the following suggestioas s! concerning the disease and its cdm h j trol. a i Peach leaf curl is a well know* s j disease and easily recognizezd by the e | characteristic deformed coadition af s the leaves and young stems. Affact h ed leaves are often shed from \ke tree, and where the attack is severe, ^ the shedding may be so great as to e be of serious consequence. Not ofly e so, but the loss of twigB is ajso I sometimes quite serious. The dis . ease fungus grows within the tender yOung tissues, causing deformatioa ? and often death of the parts. It is ; not known definitely how the fundus lives from one season to the ne*t, r but it is known that inoculation of the peach takes place before the buds open in the spring. A cqI3, wet spring at the time the buds open is favorable to the disease, as the young growing parts seem to be more easily attacked under sach eon I ditions. In such seasons severe ' epidemics often occur. However, the extent of the dan* age done by this disease is of$en \ underestimated. It is easy enough j to see and estimate the direct daln i age, but the indirect damage is k probably often equal to the direct for the defoliation not only prevents the tree from raising a full c*t>p ( during the season of infection but also lowers its vitality to such $m extent and decreases so much the 'f amount of food produced by tjie leaes that fewer fruit buds ?tre ^ formed for the next season. THtts the damage done extends tkrou?h ' out two seasons. p Control measures depend on kill j ing the spores on the twigs and buds II before errowth starts in the snrinr. I " - ? [ The only known method to do tiis is to use a dormant spray, thro ugh i ly applied, before the Iroda open . Lime-eulphur is satisfactory for this purpose and possesses the add I ed advantage of being an insecticide . also. The best time to apply is just before the buds swell, but good te k suits can be secured earlier. Under , no circumstances should the spray ing be put off until after tfcs leayes . have unfolded. It is not safe to wfcit ? to see how the weather is going to . be when the buds unfold. Tke or chardist who follows a carefnl sched , ule of spraying, including a good t dormant spray, will not lose mtck j from attacks of peach leaf c*ri. Approvals for Adraacw iWoahitno+.nn. IPpiH. (21Ahnwcval of 170 advances for agrtathttral and live stock purposes aggregating j $4,570,000 distributed among 25 states was announced today by tke War Finance corporation. Tka tor-1 poration also approved an aypfoa tion of the Burley Tobacco ers' assciation of Lexington, By., for an advance of not exo??({i*g] $10,000,000. IPOO tr Works GRADE LIZERS to a standard lit ?T Down u og-) to a price ALE BY .... Abbeville .. .. Due West ID, Lowndesvilie.^^^^