The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, December 13, 1920, Page PAGE SIX, Image 6
1 SCHOOL- i
A SOCIAL CENTER
Adapted From Address of Superin
tendent Before School Improve
ment Association at Spar*
tanburg During Teach
ers' Meeting.
(Proper Gander.)
It is usually customary to append
the bibliography to your paper but I
shall be unusual in that I wish to rec-1
ommend to every teacher, principal
m superintendent interested in the j
question of making a sort of com
uranity center of his school a Silver,
JKardett & Co. publication, The Com
munity Center by L. J. Hanifan which
has recently come from the press as
being a timely pedagogical hand
book reflecting with fidelity the signs
f the times. While the problem in
r. Hanifan's book is treated rather
directly in its relation to .the rural
school, special adaptations are shown
to be easily applicable to a city school
system.
The author suggests that the social
aspect in a community center should
be. its least significant phase. Rather
shbuld community1' and school im
provements of the most varied type>
championed and directed by ap
propriate .organizations within - the
school or community center.
t)r. Dewey names four specific ele
ments which bear upon the school as
asocial center for the community.
1. The efficiency and ease with
which people are brought together
through transportation, cheap litera
ture and centralized industry.
2. The weakening of the bonds of
saeial discipline and control as rep
- ? .1 l 1. |
resented Dy tne nome, xne cuuiui,
custom and tradition.
3. Education is much more close
ly identified with life. All people are
at school because all science and all
industry are closely connected, and
wiiat we call practical life is replete
with lessons and experiences which
tend to educate.
' 4. Change and progress are so
npid that education for all who in
teod to be successful must be contin
. was.
The propriety of opening school
\l tmeses and making them meeting
faces for the people, was prompted
feobtless, by the successful work of
wtial settlements. This work, started
\ sa philanthropy, has taken on so
^ ny educative phases that the best
Kganized social settlements are qua
si-sehools for the people. The people
re reached in their homes through
tfce teaching of those arts which min
iver to household comfort and thrift
as veil as through elements of re
creation and entertainment.
: The public school is not a social
settlement, and can never fulfil the
Cautions of one. Where there is need
of social settlement work in a com
Mmity this need should be filled by
fhe Home Service section of the Red
Cross qt some other charitable organ
nation.
The practical question is, under
odhat conditions or circumstances can
tie public schools be made centers of
social as well as intellectual culture.
Many experiments will be needed
to vork out this problem. S9 long as
aoaditions vary in different commu
nties experiments will naturally
knre to be tried along different lilies,
be well-to-do communities where
taae conditions are ideal, or nearly
ml it would be obviously absurd to
open the school houses for adults ex
eaept in the case of parents' meetings
or education societies.
The conception that the school has
?dy a definite and restricted work to
do in training and in giving the sup
peed iunaamentai processes, cu mc
?ore modern idea that the school has
social functions as well, has been
as gradual as it has been positive.
The school of today stands no longer
apart from the other forms of com
amraity life. The school master is fast
fixaiig either his ascetic isolation or
lis position. The successful teacher
ud administrator of today is the
not or woman who is a good mixer
and who is a politician of the first
inter?provided the water isn't mud
dy. Their interests and work must
be of the broadest nature.
Such an attitude assumed by the
underpaid as well as by the better
paid educators of this country, and
especially of this state, would mean a
?>dicker realization of the ideal school
system towards which the intellectual
?yes of every real teacher are ever
taarp*fli?at least a high school edu
DECLINES INVITATION
TO SEND DELEGATES
United States to Have No Part in
Disarmament Discussions.?
Wilson Replies to League
Note
Washington, Dec. 9.?President
Wilson yesterday declined the invi
tation of the league of nations to !
send delegates to take part in the
discussions of the disarmament com- ,
mission.
The president informed the league i
of nations council that inasmuch as
the United States was not a member
of the league he did not feel justified
in appointing a commission "to tHKe
even a de facto participation." The
United States, however, the prjs 'ent
declares, is in sympathy with any
I plan for world disarmament.
The reply of the president t:> t-cj
invitation of the league council was
transmitted today through the state
department to Paul Hymans, presi- ,
dent of the council. It follows: # ,
' "I have the honor to acknowledge j
;he receipt of your cablegram of De- i
cember 1'inviting the government of ;
the United States to name represen- ;
iatives to sit with the military, nav- j
il and air commission of the ,eague '
n a consultative capacity during the
discussion by the commission on the J
eduction of armaments, the consid- ;;
oration of which is to be undertaken
- i. ?j i*
jy it forthwith at tne request ?:m j
jn behalf of the council
. r
"The government of the United,
States is most sympathetic with any,
iincere effort to evolve a cooperative |
>lan for disarmament which is neces- i;
;ary for the economic rehabilitation,"
)eace and stability of the world. The
president of the United States is
leeply interested in this question and
s most desirous of cooperating to
.his end, but as the government of
the United States is not a member of
;he league he does not feel justified
.n appointing a commission to take
3ven a de facto participation in the
deliberations of the council or of the
commission acting on behalf of the
council in the execution of provisions
i_ _r iu. ^?
in tne covenant ui wie league ui na
tions."
RECLAIMED LANDS ARE
PAYING PROPOSITIONS
Washington* Dec. 9.?The value of
crops grown on lands within govern
ment reclamation projects for the
single year 1919 was $25,000,000
greater than the total of $125,000,
000 expended on all projects con- \
structed up to the close of the fiscal <
year, according to the annual report !
of the reclamation service, made pub- :
lie today. The value of crops pro- ;
duced on reclamation lands, the re- ;
port said, was just about twice as !
large" per acre as the average yield i
of unirrigated lands in the arid re- ;
gions. ;
cation for everybody (except defec
tives,) and an advanced education
for all who are capable of profiting
themselves and society by it. "Univer
sal secondary education must become
the American slogan." We must quit
talking about children that have to
drop out of school early; instead we
must find means of keeping them in
school. This will mean more than the
enactment of the nineteenth amend
ment, more than the 8-14 compulso
ry attendance law, more than free
textbooks; it may mean free food and
clothing in some cases. It will mean a
curriculum adapted to the social
needs of twentieth century civiliza-)
ti?n. It will certainly mean teachers'
adequately trained and adequately j
paid for these new responsibilities, j
Such a school system may seem Uto-1
pian but there are indisputable evi
dences of its approach.
One of the foremost factors in
bringing us to a realization of our*
in fV?o molrinir nf fVla Q/>Vlrtn1 t.hp .
uicauio AO 1/liV, tunning v* V**w wvvv. | .
social center in our respective com- j
munities, be they rural or urban. How j
may the school become the social cen- J
ter, extending its influence and pow- J
er to the adult life of the community,! j
in enlisting the sympathetic encour- <
agement of enlightened as well as J
illiterate parents in the work we are I
trying to do for them and theirs. |
When you have struck the sympa- j
thetic chords of the mothers' hearts, j
especially, by unfolding to them your !
daily problems and proving to them j
by rather frequent association with^j
them that it is your earnest desire, j
to train their children to be better j
citizens you are on the right road to i J
i ?* ?T 1 ~ nn1o*inc? an/3 *
Deuer SCI1UU1S, UCUCI oaimiH ? ?.
better living.
WOULD DISTRIBUTE
BURDEN OF TAXES
Washington, Dec. 9.?More equi
table and just distribution of the
four billion dollar tax burden which
the American people must bear for
at least four more years were recom
mended to congress today by Secre
tary Houston, who in his annual re
port submitted a -comprehensive
scheme of tax revision.
Revision of taxes should be effec
ed, Mr. Houston wrote congress.
"There can and should be a better
distribution of the tax burden. Un
wise taxes should be eliminated.
But any scheme which would after
this fiscal year yield for several
years to come less than four billions
of dollars would be incompatible
with safety and sound finance. And
the country should face the fact
that present taxes even may not in
the future be relied upon to yield
the neede revenue."
The secretary of the treasury said
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the excess profits tax should be re- :
' pealed and must, of course, be re
' placed. He said he believed it should j
"be replaced in large part by some
form of corporation profits tax." ,
Reduction of the higher groups of 1
the income surtaxes accompanied by 1
increases in the lower income sur
tax rates also is suggested by the 1
secretary who asked that . congress
consider such a general revision :
with a reduction to a maximum rate :
lower than that contained in the
present law, provided acceptable
new taxes of equal yield can be
found.
I The secretary said the fact was
that the present rates, which are as
high as 70 per cent could not be
successfully collected and that "the
effective way to tax the rich is to
adopt rates that do not force in
vestment in tax exempt securities."
Mr. Houston suggests a number
of sources of revenue' which could
Ibe tapped and others which could be
i
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ANDF
Chas. A. Drennai
Abbeville, South
revised to make up for the loss of
revenue occasioned by the changes
in the taxes which he recommended.
The net cost of the war to the A
merican government was fixed by
Secretary Houston at $24,010,000,
000. This, he said, represented the
"adjusted" expenditure of the
treasury, excluding all other outlay
which had no relation to the actual
prosecution of the war during the
period from April 6, 1917, to June
30, last, which, he sadi, covered the
extremes of the government's war
time fiscal operations.
Total expenditures by the govern
ment during the period covered, ex
cepting only postal revenues, were
$38,830^812,8)05, treasury figures
showed. Of this amount $16,078,
844,097 was obtained in taxes and
revenue from sources other than
borrowed money.
Mr. Houston said a deduction of
$9,523,000,000, the amount loaned
to foreign governments should be
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made from the girand total, since
these loans will be repaid and con
sequently can not be charged as an
actual expenditure. The secretary
made other deductions aggregating
approximately $4,500,000000 which
he said, represented the excess cost
of actual government opelrations
for the three year and three months
over what they would have been in t ^
normal times.
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