Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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y ? . I Abbeville Press and Banner I Established 1844 $1.50 the Year ABBEVILLE, S. C? Wednesday, May 16,1917. Single Copies, Five Cents 76thYear|||| CONGRESS HAS A HARD WEEK AHEAD Calendar of Lower Branch and the Senate Filled With Important Legislation. Washington, May 13.?Congress begins the sixth week of war tomorrow with the calendars of both houses still filled with legislation which the administration feels is essential to the successful conduct of the war with Germany. The senate after two weeks' debate is expected to pass the espionage bill tomorrow. The house probably will conclude discussion of the $1,800,000,000 war revenue bill early in the week and send it to the senate, , where two days of committee hearings have indicated that many changes are to be made in its structure. Te espionage bill has been stripped of the press censorship section and the injection of an amendment last night prohibiting the use of cereals or grains ir. the manufacture of intoxicants during the war, although a bitter pill to the foes ot prohlibtion, probably will not greatly delay ultimate passage of the entire measure. Plans of leader* in the senate are not clear as to what measure shall be taken up after the espionage bill bat it is probable it will be the food control bill. Conferees on the war army bill called to meet again tomorrow because the house after once rejecting the socalled Roosevelt amendment, now wants to put it in, are not expected to take long at t heir task. Since the Roosevelt amendment originated in the senate body, it is possi ble that the army measure can be disposed of early in the week and esnt to the president. In the house an effort may be made to put food control legislation through after the war revenue bill. It is almost certain that a measure will be passed giving the department of agriculture money and authority to make a food survey of the country and to curb; speculation in food products. BRITISH CLAIMS BULLCOURT AGAIN TAKEN?OTHER CLAIMS Violent Counterattacks by Germans. London Reports Germans Are Whipped on All Sides. *?? f After days of intensive fighting, In which positions have changed hands numerous times, the British troops have recaptured the greater portion of the village of Bullecourt and repulsed violent counterattacks delivered by the Germans east of the village. Along the Scarpe river to the east of Arras there also have been sanguinary encounters, but again the advantage rested with Field Marshal Haig's forces. Portions of the village of Roeux have been taken by the British and another step forward has been gained by them on teh western slopes of Greenland hill. There has been no let up in the air fighting which has been going on since the spring oeffnsive began. Eleven German airplanes were accounted for Saturday by the British ?ten of them in air battles and one hv on pun Tho RrlH?h themselves lost several machines. On the southern end of the line held by the French the Germans Sunday morning made strong attacks on the . plateau of Craonne on the section * - north of Rhelms, and in the region of liaisons re Champagne. Na$ alon6 did the French put down all these attacks with the Are of their artillery and rifles causing heavy casualties, but they pushed back the German line and in addition made prisoners. There still is no Indication of the approach of any fighting of moment between th4 Austro-Germans and Russians in the Eastern front fros the Baltic sea to Roumania. Along this entire Ihe tlie operations consist mostly of small skirmishes and reconniissances. Tn MnroHnniji vlnlanf Artfllarv HiiaIo are in progress along the entire front with the preponderance in the gun power apparently on the entente side. Sunday saw no infantry actions there. BYRNES PRESSING THE NITRATE MEASURE _ e Washington, May 12.?Congressman Byrnes of South Carolina, a member of the house committee on appropriations, today made arrangeemnts with Chairman Fitgerald of 4 k I a AAmmUfoA A Aftfln or Mati _ Uiio i^viuiuiv^o iui a 1UCCUU5 iuvu-1 day at which time It is expected Secretary Houston and probably others will be present to consider the J10,-1 000,000 Smith nitrate purchase reso-j lutlon Mr Byrnes has also informed Senator Smith that tho meeting will be held Mr. ByrneB stated that he could 1 not forecast what action the committee would take, bat that he was in; favor of the resolution and would do his utmost to facilitate its% passage by the house. This resolution, which has already ! passed the senate, authorizes the gov-j ernment to purchase nitrates from other countries and esll them to thej farmers in the United States at cost CIVIC CLUB OFFERS PRIZES FOR BEST GARDENS THIS YEAR I The work of the Civic Club for * the summer has been planned and ? will be along the lines of the conser- a vation of food, which is so import- M ant just now. ? Through the kindness of Mrs. J. A. Dickson, who has offered her ser- (fv vices free of charge, to the club and the city, the club will open a room At on the sauare and will * devote one Di: day in each week to the canning of be all the surplus fruit and vegetables ^ in the city. of The club has ordered cans and <>f has sold all the three pound cans, but still has on hand a supply of w two pound cans. These cans will th< cost four dollars a hundred, or fifty su cents a dozen. The cost of canning will be fifty cent a dozen, or four ^ dollars a hundred. arl The cost of one hundred three pound cans will be five dollars and fifty cents, the cost for canning a to hundred three pound cans will be sts five dollars, the cost of canning one dozen three potrad cans will be sixty cents. This cost of canning will go ple to pay a colored woman to help with ms the rough work, to pay for fuel and M? water and the general expenses JJ*1 whirh is incident to such an enter "" ~ " " CAI prise. to The cans have arrived and are lo\ ready for delivery. Send to Mrs. W. g0' R. Bradley's and get your cans. mj Mr. Philip Rosenberg has offered wi a room to the club and on the days wil in which the work is done the club me will be glad to have visitors come in pa and see what is being done. The ajj club is most grateful to Mr. Rosen- p]8 beri? for his assistance. wo The merchants of Abbeville will y*B have a supply of cans and anyone in? who has failed to secure civic club cans can be assured of a supply. ter There is going to be a good fruit wh crop and the gardens of the city tio' are always good. It should be possi- ^ ble for our people to save of what is , usually wasted, a supply for the pj3 winter. tyj To encourage the raising of vege ton tables the club has offered a prize of W6 two dollars and fifty cents to the pa1 boy or girl under eighteen years of an age, who will offer for canning the bui best collection of beans, tomatoes, jf?1 okra and peppers. The gardenei * munt have two rows of everything save peppers, the rows to le twelve we feet in length and must be cultivated did by the contestant. Any one entering bu1 this tonteji phone th-'r name a i to Mrs. W. P. Greene. ^ nol OTHER ABBEVILLE. SOLDIERS, try dal to In addition to the young men men- re] tioned elsewhere, the following have toe gone to Fort Oglethorpe to enter lav the officers training camp: ^ " Albert A. Morse, teller in the Na- th? tional Bank of Abbeville, son of Mr. dei Amos B. Morse, of this city. William Joel Smith, son of Mr. A. C0J M. Smith, of Abbeville. to J. V. Elgin, druggist, a native of Anderson county, but for several years a resident of this city. Lately ma with the McMurray Drug Company, coi H. Owens Speed, pharmacist, hon- 1 or graduate of South Carolina Medical College, Charleston, S. C.; son of Mr. and Mrs. P. B. Speed of Ab- no{ beviile. aff Allen King, salesman for Rosen- eT< berg Mercantile Company, son of re? Mr. and Mrs. James A. King, of the ani Cold Springs section of this county, wr Albert Rosenberg, salesman for P?j Rosenberg Mercantile Company, son , of Mr. and Mrs. Philip Rosenberg of this city. we Carroll C. Swetenberg, agent of ljvi Seaboard Air Line Railway, son of Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Swetenberg, of vei this city. . of The following other young men, fro natives of Abbeville and Abbeville the county, are at Fort Oglethorpe: jj?' Ernest L. Visanska, graduate of at Harvard, and of law school at Uni- sin versity of Virginia, lawyer of Char- ?* leston, member of firm of Smythe & Visanska, son of the late G. A. Vis- , anska, of Abbeville. e(j Ralph J. Syfan, junior of Wofford bu College, graduate Abbeville High W1 School, Principal of Camden High School, son of Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Syfan of this city. du< Frank W. Bradley, Professor in 1 University of South Carolina, gradu- ^ ate of University and student of ^ modern languages, son of Rev. R. F. ed Bradley, of Troy, S. C. Th Ms Ralph Adams spent Sunday in T~' Chester with friends at the Pryor hospital. qu: i VINDICATION DDRESS DELIVERED BY CHIEF [EMORIAL DAY, MAY 10, 1917, In the Encyclopedia Brictanica 1 *71 fi .nmfK o/liflAT* \ fklB Uii JLy }J? I AU| UU1VU vu?tuvu/| WMW itement appears: "Since the Kevition days the few thinkers of nerica born south of Mason and xon's line?oat-numbered by those longing to the single State of Mas:husetts?have commonly migratto New York or Boston, in search a university training. In the world letters, at least, the Southern ates have shone by reflected light; r is it too much to say, that mainby their connection with the North, 3 Carolinas have been saved from iking to the level of Mexico or the itilles, like the Spartan marshaling i helots, the planter lounging long his slaves was made diaa to L It has only flourished freely in free soil, and for almost all its viity and aspirations, we must turn New England." We shall endeavor vindicate the South from these itements that are not true. We disclaim any intention to critie the North, or to arouse sectional sling. We are now an united peo>; and God grant we may so retin until time shall be no more, ly the North and the South ever ?r, the one to the other the words rtia Tann'qli ?lan<*Kfov in mnaf quisite of idyls: "Entreat me not leave thee, or to return from folding after thee; for whither thou est, I will go; and where thou lodg, I will lodge; thy people shall be f people, and thy God, my God. lere thou diest, will I die, and there 11 I be buried; the Lord do so to i, and more also, if aught but death rt me and thee." A.11 fair-minded people will readily nit, that the South should not be iced in a false light before the rid, and that it has a right to be idicated, even if the facts seemly reflect upon the North . By way of preface, it may be well call your attention to the characistics of our early settlers, from om sprang two distinct civilizans. It was this difference which, large measure, caused the Civil ir. rhe colonists of Jamestown and rmouth Rock, were of different >es and distinct ideals. The Jamesvii Colonists were descended from i landed gentry of England, and re loyal to their king. They had riarchal ideas of life, and became agricultural people, settling on rgeses or plantations, with their inltured servants, and living as in sir old homes. Not so with the New England or rmouth Rock colony. They, too, re Englishmen. They, however, 1 not come from the landed gentry, t from Puritan stock. Thye had p*ievance with England for its in-* ference with their liberty to worp God as they pleased. They did t love the king or the landed genSo they began to lay the fountions of new social institutions and set up new altars of justice and igion, and thus really became auxats in the administration of the 7. A.s the Jamestown Colony came >m English blood born to rule, sir very instincts of life, tended to relop political leaders and statesn. rheir life on the plantations in 1 trolling their slaves, fitted them control themselves and others, rhe Plymouth Colony, settling in ens' and cities, made a cohesive ilization and developed traders, nufacturers, and men fitted for nmercial control of the country, rhey were methodical, painstaking i exact in all business calculations, ey devoted much time to historical 'estimations, and so we find, that, t only the statistics regarding their sirs were accurately kept, but srything pertaining to their history rhe South produced great orators i great political statesmen whose itings have come down, in the litical history of our country, exled by no other section, rhe Jamestown Colony thought ;le of the value of statistics. They re big-hearted, open-handed, freeers, given to hospitality, and often en far beyond their means. The -e of their slaves was always a y heavy expense. The institution slavery brought on an immunity im drudgery and gave leisure, for ! cultivation of the find and manrs. It made gentlemen and genwomen. There was little attempt granduer or display?a beautiful lplicity was the charm of the life the old South. There was no ed to study ethics, it was inborn white and black. rhe Plymouth Colony also producSentlemen and gentlewomen, ley were of a different type, lile at heart they may have been it as true, they lacked the social ices, and charming manners that i civilization of the Old South pro eed. This difference came out very ikingly, when Thomas Jefferson i John Adams were at the same le, representatives from the UnitStates Government in France, ey had with them their daughters, irtha Jefferson and Abigail Adams both well educated young women, een Marie Antionette said that irtha Jefferson had the most exisitely gracious manners she had OF THE SOUTH ' JUSTICE EUGENE B. GARY ON UNDER AUSPICES OF U. D. C. ever seen in any young girl, and could be at home in any royal court; while the prime manners of Abigail Adams, the little New England maid, oppressed her. It was to the society of the Old South, that Anthony Trollope referred when, after visiting the United States in 1861, he wrote: "Everybody acknowledged that society in Washington had been almost destroyed by the loss of the Southern half of the usual sojourners in that city." Charles Ingersoli, a distinguished son of Pennsylvania, thus spoke of the Old South: "Slavery not only consisted with, but it naturally produe^ and sustained a society, on the whole, less erring than existed in the North, and probably, than in the emancipated South will ever exist without it That political virtue, more important to a republic than private virtue, which has become less and less common in the North, did not decay in the South. TVA vu\1ifiAa1 QAII^U MAVA auv jiviiuvai uvuvu vuuwvu w truly independent spirits than the North." William Cullen Bryant, of Massachusetts, wrote: 'the South certainly has the advantage over us in the point of manners.' After travelling: through the United States many years ago, Achille Murat, nephew of Napoleon, thus wrote to his friend, Thebaudeau: "South Carolina has distinguished herself by a phalax of talent unequalled in the Union." In speaking of the society of Charleston he said: "There is nothing wanting either as regards finish or elegance of manners, and, what is of more value to people such as ourselves, she abounds in real talent, and is as far above pedantry as insignificance." He also wrote to this friend about the people of New England: "They are eager to amass wealth, and will frankly confess like Petit Jean: 'Withoyt money, honor's a disease.'" Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts, in delivering an address at a banquet in Charleston, paid this beautiful tribute to the people of the South: "The American people have learned to know, as never before, the quality of the Southern stock, and to value its noble contribution to the American character; its courage/in war, its attachment to home and State, its love of rural life, its capacity for great affection and generous emotion, its aptness for command; above all its constancy, that virtue above all virtues, without which no people can long be either great or free." The foregoing shows that the language of the Encyclopedia is misleading and untrue as to the so-cial graces and accomplishments of the Southern people. Two of the most singular illustrations ever presented, of the power of literature to conceal and pervert truth, to modify and falsify history, to transfer odium from the guilty to the innocent, are found in the fact, that the reproaches of disunion and slavery, have been slipped from the shoulders of the North to those of the South. We shall proceed to show, that the North is responsible for the odium of slavery, and that its opposition to the institution of slavery was not based on moral grounds. It is well known, that at. the time of the adoption of the Federal Constitution, African servitude existed, in all the States that were parties to that compact, unless with the single exception of Massachusetts, in which it had, perhaps, very recent* ly ceased to exist. The slaves, however, were numerous in the Southera, and very few in the Northern States. This diversity was occasioned by differences of climate, soil, and industrial interests?not in any degree by moral considerations, which at that period were not recognized as an element in the question. It was simply because negro labor was more profitable in the South than in the North, that the importation of negro slaves had been, and continued to be, chieflv directed to the Southern ports. For the same reason slavery was abolished by the States of the Northern {section, (though it existed in several of them for more than fifty years, after the adoption of the Constitution), while the importation of slaves into the South continued to be carried on by Northern Merchants and Northern ships, without interference in the traffic from any Quarter, until it was prohibited by le spontaneous action of the Southern States themselves. The Constitution expressly forbade any interference by Congress with the slave-trade prior to the year 1808. During the intervening period of more than twenty years, the matter was exclusively under the control of the respective States. Nevertheless, every Southern State, without exception, either had already enacted, or proceeded to enact, laws forbidding the importation of slaves. Virginia was the first of all the States, North or South, to prohibit it, and Georgia was the first to incorporate such a prohibition in her organic Constitution. In 1807, Congress, availing itself (Continued on page two) BOYS IN WHOM ABBEVILLE IS INTERESTED ooyce wiaeman nas joined a New York Hospital unit, and is supposed to have sailed for France in the past few days. This young man has both relatives and friends in Abbeville who wish him good luck. He went to school at Due West and foi the past year has been in New York having his voice cultured. Hunter Blakeley has been visiting his parents at Lethe for a short time before going to Canada, where he will preach during the summer Mr. Blakeley is a graduate of Erakine, has taught in the graded school et Due West and has finished one year at Princeton. Edward McDavid stood the examination in Columbia last week fox one of the South Carolina vacancies at Annapolis. His friends in Abbeville who remember him as a baby, hope he will be successful in getting his appointment William C. McGowan has resigned as J.ieutenant of the Second Regi ment, Machine Can Company and has gone to Fort Oglethorpe for training in the Officers Reserve Corps. Ernest Visanska, who served on the Border in the Charleston Light Dragoons, has gone to Fort Oglethorpe for training. Blanding Dick, in whom many Abbeville people are interested, has enlisted with the sixty-fitfe who' will go from Clemson College, while Leonard Dick is a member of the Light Dragoons. Klugh Purdy, who studied law in Abbeville and is well known around here, has gone to Fort Oglethorpe. He is senator from Jasper county. Mention was made last week oi the fact that Barnwell Aiken and Kenneth Jones had gone back into the Navy and that William Hemphill would go to the training quarter at the Presidio, at San Francisco. MEMORIAL DAY. Last Thursday was fittingly ob Berveu ub memorial uay oy tne L<ocal Chapter of the U. D. C's. The day was pleasant and a good crowd was in town for the exercises. The opera house was prettily decorated in flags, and seats for the veterans were provided on the stage. The meeting opened with the singing of America by the entire house, led by the quartette composed of Miss Fannie Sark, Mrs. E. C. Horon, Allen King and Jas. S. Cochran. The feature of the day was the address by Chief Justice Eugene B. Gary, which was a scholarly paper And presented the truth of history as to the South's part in the affairs of the nation. Judge Gary's paper showed much thought and preparation and was listened to with interest and attention. It is printed in full in this issue. At the close Mr. Thos. P. Quarles thanked Judge Gary in the name of the veterans for the address. The quartette sang, "Just Before the Battle, Mother," "Tenting Tonight," and "God Be With You ..Till Wo M ..J >ii? - i " o iuow n^oiu, auu aiivf li utilediction by Rev. J. L. Daniel, the crowd repaired to the Monfdment Park, where the school children decorated the monument. There were twenty veterans in attendance and a delightful dinner was served them at the home of Mrs. Douthart Mrs. Cheatham, the new president of the chapter, had the day well arranged and everything passed' off pleasantly. It was a pathetfc and inspiring sight to see the veterans escorted to their seats by the boys of the High School, who wore their soldier suits and presented a manly appearance. After the veterans were seated the young soldiers, wllp are stationed at the shops, marched in single file and took their seats in the audience. They received an ovation. There were three generations of soldiers present?the past, the present and the future, a sight to stir the patriotic fervor of the large audience. The young soldiers were invited to dinner with the veterans. W. M. GRAYDON, SOLDIER. W. M. Gyaydon, of Columbia, formerly a member of the Abbeville Bar, is among the number from Columbia accepted for training at Ft. Oglethorpe. Mr. Graydon's relatives and friends in Abbeville feel a deep interest in him and hope for him success and good luck as a soldier. JUST ENOUGH WHEAT I TO FEEDAMERICAHSj . None to Spare Allies Unlets United '' '"'IS . f States . Cats Its Bread . 2 Consumption. Washingoton, May 11.?Official | 1 wheat crop estimates announced to* ' -1 . day show that with the world fadofc y . a bread shortage, the United Statev I unless it cuts its present consumptkm m , probably will produce only enougk ;;| 1 wheat thtfvyear to supply its owm J population. / Il The forecast compiled by the d?> . partment of agriculture on conditions '& May 1 put this country's wintar -|| 1 wheat yield at 866,000,000 bushel* ' 11 ' the smallest in thirteen years. Then M , will be no estimate of spring wheat . acreage until July, but with a cram A of 250,000,000 bushels, which m higher than the average, this com*- 3 [ try would grow this year a total of ; only 616,000,000 bushels. The no?^ I mal American consumption with seed , J , requirements is put at slightly mora ; than 600,000,000 bushels. - .' Jj Big Sbsrtai*. - The country's great spring wheat 1 ji 1 crop was 352,000,000 bushels, fa?- > ;|| , duced in 1915. The five-year aver- Vj . age from 1910 to 1914 is 284,OOty* 000. The estimated production tkm ' t| year of 866,000,000 bushels of wi?- m ' ter wheat falls 116,000,400 buwheh > short of last year's poor crop, and * 1 808,000,000 below that of 1915, m, ,-,3j , bumper crop. It is 129,000,000 short of the average for the preceding ftva years. ^ vpB Reierve Stocky Lower. ' Reserve stocks this year are said \ 1 to be lower than at any previous time % at this season. The visible supply is , >1 put low at 80,000,000 bushels with 1 > a somewhat larger invisible stock. qj! The lowest visible stocks ever report- | ed in the United States were six mil- " J 1 lion on July 1, two years ago. Whe* y .Vjs . harvesting the new crop begins m M July of this year, it is estimated that v | the reserve will be even lower than 'I fViof I Allies' Requirements. The Allies' wheat requirements for . 3 the coming year are put at 500,000*- . l 000 bushels as a minimum. / J The United States will be asked to >'% i supply more than half that amount. ' Wheat crops in other parts of ft* world are poor. The Argentine crop failed and home consumption will re- 'J quire the entire yield. Canada's production is confined chiefly to a spring crop of normally . about 200,000,000 bushels, much ax which is available for export. Exports Heavy. Since the war began America haa .jl exported to Europe vast quantities of wheat, reaching a high mark of 332,000,000 bushels in 1915. Last ' Y; year the total fell to 284,000,000 , bushels. Before the war it was a - .> -3 little less than 100,000,000 busheh. 1 In a statement accompanying its ' report today the agricultural department declared that although the win, ter wheat crop condition is the poor- ' est on record, crop conditions other' wise are favorable. The extent of plowing and plant* '* ing done by May 1, tfce statement said, was above the average. In 1912 the winter wheat crop fell be- ' 3 low 400,000 buhels, the lowest since 1904, but notwithstanding this low i production of winter wheat, the . spring wheat crop and total prodoe- * tion of all crops in that year was the. largest on record. The department is making every " effort to educate the American peo- o ; pie to a greater use of corn meal for bread. Corn is America's big crop, but except in the South it never has supplanted wheat for bread. Department officials believe America 1 i must turn to corn to relieve wheat shipment abroad if the Allies are to. be fed and Germany is to be defeated. Hoover's Recommendation. Herbert C. Hoover, chairman of the committee of the Council of National Defense, who is strongly ia favor of a more limited use of wheat in this country, appeared before the v . Senate agricultural committee today and urged a separate department of the government to deal with the food question. He recommended absolute control of certain staples, particularly grain and sugar. He asked prompt action on the administration's food bills and pointed to the Allied food troubles as proof of the necessity for taking hold of the situation early in the war. Ia Wheat States. nnH estimated nroduc- i tion in important wheat producing states follow: State Condition. Production Ohio 83 29,198,000 Indiana 69 23,040,000 Illinois 64 18,371,000 Missouri 64 19,323,000 Nebraska __ 60 11,479,000 Kansas 60 42,006,000 Oklahoma .. 79 31,794,000 On May 1 the area of winter wheat to be harvested was about27,653,000 acres, compared with 40,090,000. acres sown last autumn and 34,829, 000 acres Harvested last year. The condition of the crop on May 1 was 73.2 per cent of a normal, as compared with 63.4 on April 1; 82.4 on May 1 last year and 86.6 the average of the last ten years on May 1.