Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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si.so ABBEVILLE, S.C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1916. established m a year. 1 8 4 4 i COTTON GROWERS | LACK FERTILIZER I SENATOR SMITH INTRODUCES . T-ri/VM TiTfc rATMFR Ktaui-ui 1 i\s unw.?. DATA. i Washington, Jan. 14.?Senator Smith, of South Carolina today introduced in the senate a resolution, which was adopted, calling upon the secretary of agriculture to gather data and submit it to the senate relative to the fertilizer situation, particularly with reference to potash. Senator Smith yesterday sent to the commissioners of agriculture throughout the South the following inquiry: "What in your opinion will be the effect on the yield of cotton per acre c+a+o if thp nrpspnt, fertilizer situation is not improved, especially as to potash?" From each he received replies to the effect that the reduction in yield per acre would be anywhere from 5 to 50 per cent. In aiscussing the purport of the resolution, Senator Smith said: | ' 'The prospects for another year, especially as to cotton, are that nothing like a normal yield, possibly i a 30 or 40 per cent reduction, will be the result if the present fertilizer situation is not relieved. Germany has a monopoly of the production of potash; Chile a practical monopoly of the concentrated nitrates. On account of the war situation it will be impracticable to obtain potash from Germany. The prices of the nitrates, persumably on account of the increased demand for these ingredients in war munitions, have risen to where they are totally impracticable for fertilizer purposes. Phosphoric acid, for some reason, has also risen in price. These three ingredients, viz., nitrate of ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash are absolutely essential in the production of cotton in all of the South Atlantic States where cotton is produced, particularly in all of the i coastal plains of North Carolina, I South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and eastern Alabama. "If anything like an average yield is to be had it must necessarily be at an enormous increase of acreage an l an enormous increase of cotton acreage would mean a decrease of grain, forage and the foodstuffs crops. An increase in cotton acreage without proper fertilization means an almost prohibitive increase in the expense of producing this crop. The cost of cultivation, including labor and live stock, would make this cost so high that even at the present prices there could be no profit. "Therefore, from the present outlook for fertilizers, the prospect for the yield of cotton next year is the poorest that has confronted the South since the War of Secession." FIVE MEN CONVICTED IN GREENVILLE COURT Greenville. Jan. 16.?The five men on trial for the killing of David Freeze, a Judson mill striker, were found guilty of manslaughter late Saturday, and sentenced by Judge Gary to serve two years each. The defendants were Gordon Brown, Tom Harvey, I. A. Williams, Doill Huggins and John Humphreys. Freeze was killed during a melee which occurred one morning just as the mill was about to open its doors for work. Pending the outcome of a motion for a new trial, the five men were released on $1,000 bond each. B. E. Geer, president of Judson mills, signed all the bonds. J. M. Geer, signed with his brother for three of I the men, while W. R. Neely and Mrs Hendrix Rector signed with Mr. Geer . for the other two. The trial has caused considerable intQj-est. The testimony was volumi- i noift. At the conclusion of this trial the J court of general sessions adjourned sine die. TWO CANDIDATES ENTER FIELD FOR M'LAURIN'S PLACE I Columbia, Jan. 17.?The election! of a state warehouse commissioner is beginning to attract attention and promises to be the one election to be filled at this session which will cause any show of politics. John L. McLaurin, former United States senator, who is now filling the position is a candidate for re-election and he is j opposed by F. M. Cary, of Oconee,! formerly a member of the house of | representatives, and John J. McMa-j han, of Columbia, a member of the ! present Richland delegation. The friends of Senator McLaurin j feel that he should be given another term but this the friends of those op- j posing him say there is nothing in , that. They say it is a position which j others can fill and they have a per- j feet right to offer. It is understood that the position which Senator McLaurin takes is! that he has done the best he could fnr the svstem under the act and that his record justifies re-election for an- j other term and he will not make a i ' canvass for the place or pull any J wires to win out. The managers of all the ware-1 houses in the state system have been called to meet in Columbia on Tuesday at noon in the state warehouse. The meeting is expected to be attended by about 200 from all parts of the state and there is considerable interest taken in the gathering. PLAN OVERTHROW ( OF CONSTANTINE TO PLACE VENIZELOS AT HEAD OF NEW GREEK REPUBLIC. PROCLAIM MARTIAL LAW. j London, Jan. 17.?The British and Rusians is Mesopotamia and Caucasus, respectively, are pressing the Turks hard. British en route to KutEl-Amara report they drove the Turks to within six miles of the belleaguered town. The Turks admit < retirement at a number of points be- t fore the Russians but claim to have J inflicted heavy losses on the Russians at other points. / Artillery is the main feature on the other fronts. The Italians an- , nounce they retrained a trench the Austrians had taken. It is semi-olficially announced in 1 Berlin that Anglo-French troops landed at Phaleron. a Greek port five J miles southwest of Athens. The Ber- * lin newspaper's announcement says it is believed the allies are preparing ' T*Tinc Pnnsfnntinp and ^ LU UVVil uiiu?? put former Premier Venizelos at the ? head of the Greek republic. r An Athens newspaper is authority * for the statement that Greece will 1 proclaim martial law this week. 1 French General Serrail has taken su- 1 preme command of the Anglo-French ? forces at Saloniki. LANSING OFFERS PLEA 1 FOR NEUTRAL NATIONS j Washington, Jan. 16.?A study of neutral rights and duties with a view to reversing the traditional processes * of defining neutrality which "have 11 given all the advantages to the bellig- t erents and have shown little regard , for the rights of neutrals" was sug- ' gested by Secretary Lansing as one t of the first duties of the newly form-' j ed American Institute of Internation-;. al Law in a letter sent by the secre- . tary to Dr. James Brown Scott, presi-1, dent of the institute. Mr. Lansing is one of the five United States mem- ! bers of the institute which was organ- . ized during the Pan-American Scien- . tific congress here, and in which all , the American republics are represen-. # ted. His letter said: "At the first meeting of the institute I had the honor to direct atten- ] tion to the imperfect code of rules 1 which defines and governs the rela tions between belligerents and neu- 1 trals. These rules, which have grown ( up during the past 125 years and ! have been in some cases differently 1 interpreted by courts of different countries, have been frequently J found inadequate to meet new con- j ditions of warfare, and as a result ' every war has changed, modified or J added to the rules, generally through 1 the process of judiical decisions. "The prize courts of belligerents 1 have thus become the interpreters of < belligerent right:; and neutral obliga- J tions, and the interpretations evi dence an unconscious prejudice aris ing from over appreciation of the ' needs of the belligerent. Writers on 1 international law have relied upon ' these prize court decisions in dealing 1 with the subject of neutrality so 1 that they have laid down rules for- ( mulated indirectly from a belligerent * point of view. Thus judicial decis- ' ions, text writers and international 1 agreements have given all the ad- ' vantages to the belligerents and have ! shown little regard for the rights of: neutrals. "It would appear that it is time to reverse this treatment and to deal ] with it from the point of view of the ] neutral. I would therefore suggest ^ that a committee be appointed to ^ study neutral rights and neutral du- , ties, seeking to formulate in terms i the principle underlying the relations , of belligerency to neutrality rather than the express rules governing the conduct of a nation at war to a nation at peace. '! "In view of the past year and a half of war, the present time seems ! particularly opportune to study this ' question and this institute being comty? om Kore frnm nonfrnl n n tions is especially fitted to do this from the proper point of view and with the definite purpose of protecting the liberty o?f neutrals from unjustifiable restrictions on the high seas and from the imposition of needless burdens in preserving their neutrality on land." i I ! MONTENEGRINS GRANTED UNCONDITIONAL PEACE 1 1 London, Jan. 17.?Beset on the ] east, west and north by the Austrians j and with all lines of retreat severed, except into Albania where hostile ' tribesmen must be faced, the little j kingdom of Montenegro has asked and received of Austria unconaiuon- ; al peace. This announcement was '' made in the Austrian parliament today, according to semi-official advices from Berlin. This, if true, is the first withdrawal of any belligerent from either of the alliances which have been fighting \ since August, 1914. That Montenegro i is seeking peace, however, is not , confirmed from Entente sources, and j from Switzerland comes to report that Austria offered peace terms but , Montenegro refused them. For days , however, the plight of the Montene- , grins has been desperate with their j capital and many cities taken and their army exhausted. 1 The official program for the statewide convention to be held in Colum- 1 bia. on February G-9 under the auspices of the Laymen's Missionary 1 movement of the United States and Canada, has been completed and announced. ' GOVERNOR iVf, HOSPITAL Speaks Before Joint Policy at Gov. Manning's address to the gen- f<: ;ral assembly, reviewing the condi- (it ,ion of the insane asylum, delivered ti< yesterday, follows: jic ai Gentlemen of the General Assembly: J'0 In my annual message I stated that I # * tmnarnit trt vn 11 n SDecilll I VYUII1U but<iaiu?v __ ncssage dealing with the State Hos-1 f,1 )ital for the Insane. You have cou"-jieously invited me to deliver this j nessage in person. Permit me to j hank you for this privilege. At the outset, I wish to state clear- 1 y that in referring to the conditions _ vhich I found there when I became w governor, it must not be ragarded as p( i personal criticism, but rather a j4* itatement of facts and conditions as .. found them. I would be disengenious if I did not make a full state- V( nent to you of this whole siutation, tnd its needs. Former Conditions Intolerable. From personal observation, I r.( 'ound, last year, the physical condi- oi ion of this institution to be intolera- rr >le, if we are to consider the treat- el nent of these unfortunates as a sol:mn duty and as an act of humane- u< less and charity. The treatment of b( ;hose patients was custodial, rather ;han that of giving skilled treatment it ;o improve their condition of mind, ci is well as of body. |fe This condition was fully revealed cji ;o you in an exhaustive report made ej Dy Dr. Herring, last year, through me m :o you. I feel that it is unnecessary j ei ;o repeat here what was stated in ' ti :hat document. You, in a body, at ; ti ny invitation, visited that institution 1th ;hen, and the condition as shown by ! pi ;hat report, and by what you found j :here, convinced you of the necessity i ?or reorganization of the institution, j cl md a change in the treatment of the j j nmates. I am sure that you recall i ftvividly the picture of what you saw 'hen. gj T invitoH vr?ii to visit i:, I CO I'd UUfY a *11 * wv? ^ ? I ill igain this institution so that you je :ould see for yourselves, in a meas- w are at least, what has been done, and w s being: done, under the acts which a, i'ou so wisely passed at the last ses-! ;ion of the legislature. The improve- j sj nents in the physical property are-.v aeing carried on in a thorough and I e. jfficient manner, and when this work s completed I feel that it will be an | e, jnduring monument to your wisdom | j:i ind humaneness in providing for the J n( :omfort and the improved treatment I C{ if these unfortunate citizens of our w State. p; Last year you saw th-3 wretched u, :ondition, the discomforts and dirt in ]e the cells in which these people were f( :onfiined. I saw, and you saw, how ^ the meals served were eld and un- p( palatable. You saw in the woman's ]j, lflnovtmont urViipVi was then the best tv department in that institution, the silent witnesses?those straps that C( were around the walls, that were C( jsed to restrain violent patients. ei Mechanical Restraint. fc Gentlemen, the temptation to me * is to go on and enumerate the differ- s< 2nt things that were revolting, but I " riave promised you not to do so. But ?] [ can not refrain from saying: that in CJ that women's ward and as the ward that was then in best condition, you will recall that in that ward for vio- ai lent patients, there were 92 of those 01 /iolent subjects. They were confined w in cells. We found that the fire pro- p< tection was absolutely inadequate D1 and inoperative; we found the fire 1 nose could not be attached to the hy- cc :lrant, because they did not fit; and m it simply is appalling to think what a j p< terrible disaster would have occurred I a< nad fire broken out. If that fire had j S? occurred in the night time, with two nurses only, in charge of the 92 pa- j tients, it does not require any de-1 - - - ? ?v_j. I A1 ;cription from me to ten you wnai i would have happened. ja< I want to say to you that under the w changed treatment that restraint for ! P' violent subjects is no longer resorted , U1 to; but instead the kinder and more jtt effective treatment by soothing methDds; where they are put in baths, and treated in simple ways, we find as j the result those patients showed im-1 ai provoment both in mind and in body, j P1 Gentlemen, these changes that have been inaugurated there are a result i b< sf your wisdom in enacting laws j bi ivhich made the change possible; and j th t earnestly recommend the continu- hj unce of this work as necessary, if we i W ire to discharge our obligation to di these uniortunate citizens, wno nave j the misfortune to be afflicted in this ^ tvay. ft Changes in Personnel. ^ The acts which you passed looking | n( ;o the reorganization of this institu- | p( :ion, and a change in the treatment j ^ )f the patients, made it necessary, i ^ n my judgment, to make import-1 int changes in the personnel of the . nanagement of the institution. I ,vish to say here that I was confront- " ad with serious trouble. You will remember, gentlemen, that this act . ivas passed and signed on the last v! night of your session; therefore, n ivhen the acts were before me in 10 their entirety, you had adjourned and gone to your homes. It was not practicable for rne to call you back l".u here to make provision called for, for what you had done in part. Now, I want to say there is no special act of the legislature which \NNING ON FOR INSANE A sssmbly?-Explains Asylum ces the salary of the superinten:nt, except that in the appropria-jn bill there is provision of $3,000 >r the salary of the superintendent, id of course that fixed it. Therer ire, 1 undertook to find a man who, j his qualifications, and by his charter and attainment, and his efficilcy, would be able to put into effect 13 changes contemplated by you in e acts that you passed. I made an honest effort to find a an for that salary?for $3,000. I icd to find him for that salary, even icing into account the perquisites hicli went with that salary. The jrquisites which went with it were i follows: The superintendent had ie use of a house, he was furnished ?hts, water, fuel, he was furnished :getables; he was furnished such irvants as he needed, from the in itution; he was furnished a carriage id pair of horses, and a driver, and ; was furnished an automobile; in Idition to that, he had the privilege : buying his supplies at the reduced ites that were secured in the purlases of goods for the institution. A conservative estimate of the val2 of these perquisites places it easily ;tween $1,300 and $1,400 and the 3,000 salary provided for. I found impossible to find a man, a physian, who had, in addition to his proissionl knowledge, those traits and salifications of administrative and cecutive ability which, in my judgr ent, would qualify him to carry out ticiently the work of reorganizaon, change in the treatment of paents, and general management of lat large institution, for the salary -ovided. Procuring a Superintendent. What was I to do under these cirimstances, when I thought of those S00 patients in that institution, suf?ring, as they were, from lack of eatment which advanced and proressive skill and knowledge in that ne of training gives. I felt that unss I got a man as superintendent ho had those qualifications, the acts hich you had passed would be void id of no effect, so far as those pawflvA nnnrtorMfl/1 TVi o 4" wac flin tuation that confronted me. What as I to do? We know these patiits would continue to lack those imforts and cares which an enlightled, advanced and progressive lowledge administers. There were 3 other funds available for it. I >uld not change his salary? there as no fund for it, no provision to ay it, and the question then came p, at the same time, to me, was I to t those patients continue to suffer >r the lack of that necessary skill in lis institution; or should I make a arsonal contribution in order to reeve their suffering and improve leir treatment? I determined, gentlemen, that I >uld not endure the thought of the jntinuance of the condition and the ivironment of those patients. There>re, the only thing that I saw that could do was to go to the bank and sc what I could do about that money lat was needed. I was well aware f the fact that the salary of an offial of the State could not be increas1 during his term of office, rherefore, when I went to the bank id found it would take $2,375 in der to secure the services of a man ho, in my judgment, would fill the >sition, the money was offered to c at the rate of 3 per cent., so that determined that I would make that mtribution to this institution, giving y personal notes for $2,375, at 3 2r cent, itnerest, so as to pay the iditional amount which was necesiry in order to secure him. Doesn't Seek Reimbursement. Then I determined to fix the term f the superintendent to run from ay 1, 1915, to February 15, 1S16, ; which time this honorable body ould be in session, and I would then at the question fairly and squarely p to you, whether you would make lis provision for a competent and ?ficient superintendent, or whether >u would be willing to let the instiition lapse back into the condition id treatment which prevailed there "evious to his incumbency. Now, gentlemen, I feel that I have 2en justified in making that contriltinn T wonf fn +A -" v.*. * "uiio w oaj ,yuu uiat isre is no act of my official life that is given me more gratification. rher. I have seen the improved contions in that institution, the im ovcd treatment, and the results of lat treatment on those patients, T el that I have been justified in this mtribution. I have done it cheerilly! I have done it gladly. I do ask to be reimbursed for this jrsonal contribution that I made to ie alleviation of the suffering of lese unfortunate fellow citizens of irs. The consciousness of having >ne my duty fully repays me. Of iursc you realize that that condition in not continue. I could not go on rough this next year, making prosion for the salary of a State offial. and that responsibility will now st on you. I want to say to you that the bene s of that work are shown in reIts which you find by an investiga)n of that institution. I want to say further, gentlemen, (Continued on page 5.) BLAME CARRANZA FOR MASSACRE MEXICAN QUESTION TO BE THE CHIEF SUBJECT OF DEBATE FOR SOME TIME. El Paso, Jan. 17.?Victor Hamil- . ton, of Chicago, and Albert Simmons of Los Angeles, two American citizens, were murdered at Pedriceni, Mexico, by Villa bandits, according to a dispatch from Juarez this afternoon. The report of the killing of the two Americans came from the Carranza military officials at Juarez. They declared that Simmons and Hamilton had been killed by bandits under the leadership of the Arreta brothers. ine men were mining prospectors. The Carranza officials said that as ' far as they have been able to learn, j the two Americans were killed with- ^ out a chance to get out of the country and that the murders were com- 1 mitted simply because the men were Americans and subjects of the Wilson Administration, which is supporting ' the Carranza government. The report of the assassination of the Americans reached the Carranza headquarters at Juarez shortly before 2 p. m., today. Pedriceni, the place where the Americans were kill- ! ed, is 60 miles west of Torreon. Safety Assurance Given to Miners. Washington, Jan. 17.?Blame for the' massacre of seventeen Americans at Santa Ysabel a week ago to-day was placed squarely on the heads of Carranza border officials. In a detailed statement to the State Department of the conditions under which the American party entered Mexico, Collector of Customs Cobb at hi Faso finds that the American party did not start for the Cusi mines until assurances had been received from de facto officials that a military garrison had been sent there and that "everything was quiet." Whether the Watson party asked for a military escort is still undetermined. In regard to this, Collector Cobb telegraphed as follows: "It is reported that a person connected with one of the companies operating in Chihuahua on the day the Americans started had a conversation with Watson and asked him if a Mexican escort was to accompany his party. He replied that such an escort would not accompany them, as he had talked with the authorities and they had told him it was not necessary." Collector Cobb's report follows: r^-ii i ' D V/Ulict IUI o t. "Holmes, the only survivor of the massacre, has no knowledge as to whether Watson and companions requested a military escort or guard !for their trip from Chihuahua to I Cusi. He states that if they did so j the authorities declined to furnish'an an escort or guard. Holmes says that all the members of the party felt safe in making the trip. "Asked as to what assurances, if any, Watson and his companions had j received from Mexican authorities I that it would be safe to resume operjations at Cusi, Holmes said: " 'Knowing that the Cusi mines were situated at Cusi and that the purpose of the return of Watson and | companions to Mexico was to resume the operations of these mines, the 'immigration authorities in Juarez, upon application of the El Paso agent i of the company, gave a general passport to the party. " 'The Governor of Chihuahua also gave a personal passport to Watson. Three Troop Trains Sent. "Watson went to Chihuahua and i ??fn? ToniioMr A oc^orfoin | waa tucic uu uauuox j -* ku uwwi um*h 'if It would be safe to resume operaj tions. While there he got the de facto authorities to send a garrison to and maintain it at Cusi. On that day three ! trains of troops of twenty cars each supposed to carry a total force of 1,100 troops, in charge of General Jose : Cabacos, of the de factor govern- 1 ment, left Chihuahua for Cusi at 9 a. m., 1:30 and 4 p. m., respectively. < "On January 6 the Chihuahua i agent of the Cusi company, with i whom I had just talked in my office, 1 telegraphed Watson at El Paso in < reference to the above-named civil- ] ian passengers on the second military i train, information received by him i from Cusi by phone, as follows: 1 'Boys arrived Cusi safely last night. 1 They found everything quiet there.' 1 "As this telegram mentioned the 1 boys without mentioning the troops, 1 Watson on the same day, to make ] certain that a garrison was estab- j lished at Cusi, telegraphed the Chi- < 1 uuauuu agent. " 'Wire if troops arrived at Cusi and trains running northwestern.' "To which the Chihuahua agent replied on the same day: 'Troops arrived Cusi. Since yesterday evening Northwestern train suspended indefinitely, account no fuel.' "On the same day the Chihuahua agent also telegraphed Watson at El Paso: 'Cusi office again reports everything quiet', and 'Lopez tele phones we nave just locateu two uags ( missing and we are now receiving same in our office.' "Messages from which the forego- , ing were taken were furinshed from the Western Union office at El Paso. "Having passports issued by authorities and a garrison having been established which they understood to number 1,000 men, they had ample asurances that it would be safe to f resume operations at Cusi." j c It is said that the bankers of the 2 State are to make a determined fight c before the present legislature for the v repeal of the law creating the State t tax commission. e CALL TO ARMS FOR I NATION'S BUSINESS j PRESIDENT BEGINS WORK TO PUT IN OPERATION PLAN FOR QUICK MOBILIZATION. t Washington, Jan. 16.? President Wilson has begun work to put into Dperation a plan for preparing the nation's manufacturing, railroad and Dther business resources for quick mobilization in case of emergency. It "i I 1 x Lj. i.1. -i. 1_ . 1 I uecaine Known lomgnt mat ne nas 1 written to the heads of all of the 1 principal engineering organizations 1 asking that they appoint representa- I tives to collect data for use in or- j Ejanizing business for national de- I fense. I The letters went to the president j of the American Institute of Mining j Engineers; the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; the American Society of Civil Engieners; the Amer- j ican Institute of Electrical Engi- 1 neers and the American Chemical 1 society. The work of collecting data will be carried on by the representatives of these organizations in conjunction with the civilian naval con- ? .9 suiting board. When the plans tentatively drawn up by the president and his advisers are completed machinery will be set going which is expected to give the government complete information regarding business and industrial resources which would have to be called to the assistance of the army and navy in time of war. When the president addresses the Railroad Business association banquet in New York January 27 he is expected to refer to the advisability of having the railroads and concern which manufacture railroad supplies cooperate in the general mobilization plans. The army war college already has much data necessary for proper movement of troops over railroads in time of war. George A. Post, president of the Railroad Business association, has in- . rd formed the president that this organ- . ization is willing to cooperate. Other associations of business and professional men will be asked to help. The organizations asked by the president to appoint representatives to aid in collection of mobilization data are among those which nominated members for the naval consulting board, which has appointed a committe to help in carrying out the president's plan. Fitted to Serve. ^ Secretary Daniels in a statement tonight commenting on the navy's part in the programme pointed out that the five engineering organizations represented a membership of 36,000 technical men, "particularly fitted to perform this class of work in an intelligent and disinterested manner. "The plan involves a board of five engineers in each State of the Union, one from each of the societies," said Mr. Daniels. "Each one of these men will become an associate member of the naval consulting board, working through the committe of the board. "These five men in each State will form the nucleus of an organization in each State. They will be asked to select members of their societies from all parts of the State and will furnish them with blank forms on which will be made a true inventory of our country's producing and manufacturing resources, incluidng transportation. This information will be used in perfecting the national industrial organizations. To Supply Information. "The purpose is to lay the data before the government and in this way bring the officials in touch with the railways so that not only will the government know the volume and extent to which these industries can render service, but it will advise and direct the industries as to the requirement of such service. It is proposed -to place small orders for certain munitions based on conditions existing at the time. These orders will perhaps bring no profit to the manufacturers, but they will through such orders have gauges on the shelves and at times in the shops blue prints, specifications and samples on hand. The men in each plant will have a working knowledge of government requirements. "One of the belligerent countries is utilizing about 80 per cent, of its ndustries in producing army and iavy materials. In case of war this government would need to do the same thing and in order to turn the vheels rapidly it is necessary in advance to know where to turn to ob:ain supplies and not only of muni:ions but of everything needed for ;he arming, clothing, transportation, sustenance and care of the men callid to the colors." IENERAL HUERTA HAS GONE TO HIS LAST "REWARD." El Paso, Texas, January 1?.?Gensral Huerta died at his home here ast night at 8:35 o'clock. General iuerta, who succeeded General Franisco I. Madero in executive power in Mexico City and later left Mexico, lied of sclerosis of the liver. He vas surrounded by his family when he end came. His death was not unxpected.