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' '-r l-zfy"SfW^r:T''^ ' | SECTION TWO | | 12 PAGES Abbeville Press and Banner $1^50 ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1915. -> established a year. 18 4 4 11 SEA IS A GREAT I * BUI STRONG I Freedom of the Seas an Fleet as Discussed | Naval Expert-Cai H London, Sept. 16. n In the United States there is apI parently a widespread impression I tmong those who . are generally Eg known as pacificists as well as in I 1 ro-German and Irish-American cir8 c-les that the conditions which have MS existed during the past hundred n j ears at sea are likely soon t "> und'erI to some modification. JS President Eliot, of Harvard, who n las been foremost in denouncing GerI man atrocities on land and ?ea, has fi contended recently that the day of sea control oy one power is past, ana has urged that the seas are the property of all nations, and that their free use for commerce should be guaranteed by a joint alliance of the powers. "A strong, trustworthy, international alliance to preserve the freedom of the seas under all circumstances," he has argued, "would secure for Great Britain and her federated commonwealths everything secured by the burdensome two navies' policy, which now secures the freedom of the sea for British purposes. rJhe same international alliance would secure for Germany the com 1 -i.- -P 1 _ * xi piece ireeaom 01 me seas. Direct Cause of the War of 1812. It is well that the British people should recognize that, though the British navy has more than fulfilled ihe hopes which resided in it on the outbreak of war, they are involved already in controvercies of a serious, if not critical, character with neutral nations, and particularly with the United States, as to the extent to which British sea-power may legitimately be employed without infringing the freedom of the seas as defined. The two principal immediate causes cf the War of 1812 were the impressment of seamen (alleged to be deserters from the British service) from American merchant ships upon the iDv?ifiI-V* noim y X.JgLll dead tu oci vc in uic iiavj, f and the interference with the carrying trade of the United States by the naval power of Great Britain. The controversy with the United States dragged on for many months. On June 18 a bill authorizing a declaration of war received tho signature of the President. Five days later the British Government, unaware of this action, repealed the orders in council which were the main cause of dispute. The bone of contention had already been buried, and yet for two and a half years the United States and Great Britain fought over it. And the result? The,. Treaty of Ghent, which was signed on December 24, 1814, left unsettled the main points of dispute. Thus closed one of the tragedies of history, leaving the doctrine of the freedom of the seas practically where it was before hostilities began. "Germany Never Champion of Free dom of the Seas." In his last note to the German Government Dr. Wilson remerkod that "the Government of the United States rnd the Imperial German Govern ment * * * are both contending lor the freedom of the seas:" "The Government of the United States," it was added, "will continue to contend for that freedom, from whatever quarter it is violated, without compromise and at any cost." The statement that the United States and Germany "are both contending for the freedom of the seas" is open to misconstruction. Germany never has been the champion of this principle in th sense that we and the Americans have supported it. She has aspired to a dominion over the world's seas as the foundation of a Greater Germany and a world domiration. In the early years of his reign the German Emperor declared: "I will never rest until I have raised my r.avy to a position similar to that occupied by my army." On another occasion he remarked: "Our future lies cn the wate^r." He embodied his ultimate ambition in the phrase: "The PROTECTION NAVY IS IINECESSI1 id Necessity of Powerfi by Archibald Hurd, tse of War of 1812. trident must be in our fist;" and even, in a famous telegram, descril himself as "The Admiral of the i lantic." The German naval progruminch od 53 dreadnoughts, supported by cruisers, 144 torpedo boat destroj rnd 72 submarines. Germany aspii to a navy larger than any state h ever possessed in the past, j Impossible to Exaggerate Influer of Sea Power. The influence of sea power lefl deep impression upon German s dente of world's history and develi ment when they first began 1o int 1-vet history in the terms of Weltp< tik. Many years ago Friederich L reminded his fellow countrymen tl I "a nation without navigation is I b.'rd without wings, a fish witht 1 ' ' ? _x i. i nng, a tootniess non, a stag un uuv I ei, a knight with a wooden sword, helot and slave among mankind." Another German writer?Ratzel declared that "out of the infinite 1 rizon there grows in the mind a character of seafaring people strong tendency toward boldness, f titude and long-sightedness. Seaf hng nations have materially conl [ buted to the enlargement and heig ening of the political Standard- 1 !sea alone can produce truly gr< powers." The people of the British Isles o all that they have, and are, to th ppsociation with the sea. The emt> j as we know ij to-day is the fruit 1 sea power. Our political invtitutic represent among us the freedom the seas. It is impossible to exj gerate the influence which sea pew has exercised on our relations w the outside world. i. Pi World-Wide Power it Expression of ; Sea Instinct. In virtue of its area, the United .. . -Kingdom should rank with, but after, y Norway. It is about half thy size of J the Dual Monarchy, smaller by nearly 74,000 square miles than Spain, nnd exceeded in ^ize by Sweden by j ?l| over 50,000 square imles. It is a lit-1 tie more than one-eighth ths size of Turkey, and the United States is ' nearly 30 times as large. | Why, it has frequently been asked, he !should the people inhabiting >-o small ied j a territory exercise a sway over near\t j ly one-quarter of the earth's surface? j German philosophers attributed the id- | luck and a low form of cun30 nlng. "What is. the sense," Dehn red cnce remarked, "of this sei/.ure of ed hundreds of islarfds and thousands of iad territories in all quarters of the globe? There is no land or sea power Ice capable of maintaining forever such f> system of occupation. A good shove , . rnd the ill-joined mosaic fails into , to- luins" ' I' jp. That was the confident anticipation i; er_ of students of history who failed to j jli_ realize that the British Empire, in its (jst mode of expansion and in its develop-ment, is the expression on the part of a a seafaring people of the sea instinct. )Ut | England Made Formidable Despite ch- Smalness of Army, a We are what we are because we h.ive the sea instinct in our blood, and i? for that reason we are formidable as ' nnnur fVicinrrVi in nnrTnnl ' <x iiiiiAi^aijr wivwft.. ?? nd times we possess one of the smallest a avmies in the world. 1 or" In virtue of the freedom of the ar~ seas and of our ability to command . :n" the seas, we are what we are. and ht* we .are doing what we are dr.ing. 'he | But we are now confronted once : sat more with the century-old controver- 1 J sy as to our right to command the ' we ta in time of war against our ene- ' e"" mies. A widespread and insidious ef- 1 ire f< rt is being made by German agents to undermine the influence which we : >ns cxercise in virtue of our fleet- The < of German campaign against w^iat is de- 1 *g- J scribed as "British navalism ' is pe- 1 rer culiarly dangerous, because it makes s ith an appeal to sentiment and passivism. I In his speech January 9 at the Re- i ft UNDI r g r a :ghest i anama-Pacific ] 'ff ^6 a v "THE MACHINE ' i Tryon Street publican Club, New York, Herr Dernburg told his hearers: "The whole fight and all the fight, is on one side for the absolute dominion of the seven seas; on the other side for a free sea?the traditional mare liberum. A free sea will mean the cessation of the danger of war i>nd the stopping of world wars. The sea should be free to all. It belongs to no nation in particular?neither to the British nor to the Germans, nor to the Americans. The rights of nations cease with the territorial line of three iriles from low tide. Any domination exercised beyond that Ime is a brach and an infringement of the rights of others." Sea Without Sea Power Is Menace, Not a Defense. There is a widespread impression that a country which is surrounded by the seas is ipso facto provided with an adequate defense. Wate" is not a defense, but a menace, in the absence of defensive sea powr. Owing to the Ufcveiopment 01 sieam, mvavjoii uy pea is, in the absence of naval power, easier than invasion by land. During the present war there is no reason why,J?ad it not been for the British fleet, Great Britain should not have shared the fate of B'elgium. An army can travel by sea, in the absence of opposing naval force more ; easily than it can travel by land, and far more easily. An army on land can move, with all its services and Dver a long distance ,only a fe v miles in 24 hours; the army of a country possessing a large mercantile marine. such as Germanv. could travel in the same period from 200 to S00 J miles. Geramny has everything to gain byrecommending to the world the new doctrine of the freedom of the seas, because she is to-day?and hopes to :ontinue to be to-morrow?the greatest of all military powerS. So long as the existing conditions xt sea continue, her army is imprisoned. If once she could prevail upon [-.he peoples of the world to agree to i\er conception of the "freedom of the seas," as expounded by Herr Dern:>urg and Dr. Bethmann-Hollweg, or jven the alternative scheme advocatERW eceivps th< n:d p r ? o s SIB ? r Prom the ^ernational rou WILL EVEN t ed by President Eliot, then, indeed, ti v/orld domination would no longer be p merely an idle dream. f We are at war to-day, fighting not ? cnly in defense of British interests, e but in defense of the world's freedoAi ^ and it will ill become us to offend v cgainst the cause of freedom at sea. Tomorrow we may be in a neutral i] position while war is in progress between other powers. The precedents j which we establish to-day may then r be quoted against us to our detriment ^ We offer for attack a vast target? cur oversea dominions and half the " r mercantile shipping of the world. ^ COTTON ANTHRACNOSE \ INCREASING IN STATE Altho Disease Can Be Prevented/ It Is More Widespread and More De- 0 structive than Ever. a . r Clemson College, Sept.. 25.?Re- f poi^s coming to Clemson College in- f riicate that anthrScnose, the fungus G toll rot of cotton, is even more wide- t spread and more destructive this t: season than heretofore. During the r past five years the disease has caused p an annual loss of more than i million dollars in South Carolina. Anthrac- v nose seems to be becoming more de- j. structive from year to year in spite r of the fact that investigations conducted at Clemson College show that t can ne prevented. The fungus which causes anthrdc- * nose grows into the diseased bolls, * attacks the lint and seed, and grows * into the seed. It remains alive in such seed until they are planted and germinate and begin to grow. Then ? it attacks the seedlings. The disease remains .alive on such stalks and attacks the bolls when they appear. In this way it is carried in seed and & continues to spread from year to year There is no way to cure a stalk of ^ cotton that has become diseased with s ai.thracnose. The only thing that b can be done is to protect the next J.1 seaspn's cptton. The most important n step in this direction is to get seed p vhich are free from disease. It is s; L est to secure the seed for next year's & planting from a field where there is ^ no anthracnose. If it is not possible ai 0 0 D Z* . IZE E A W A I Exposition, 11 ? i I TUALLY BUY." Charl< 0 do this, the next best thing is to ick the cotton intended for seed rom stalks which show no signs of isease and which are not near disased stalks. It is not safe to pick N ealthy looking bolls from stalks ,hich have rotten bolls on them. The disease will remain in land or 1 old diseased stalks and bolls for s long as one year, but not longer, t is necessary therefore to practice ctations which will leave cotton off he land for one year. It is . dvisable o rotate crops for this and other easons; but where it is impossible o do this and cotton is diseased, 'the cxt best $hing is to plow under the iseased stalks as soon as the cotton s picked. Do not buy cotton seed from any r.e unless he is willing . 'to make affidavit that it is free from anthraciose. Select your own seed from ields where there is no disease or rom healthy stalks in a diseased field Jin this cotton in a gin that has been horoughly cleaned. Practice a roation. Plow the old diseased stalks r.d bolls under as early in fall as icssible. WVien omr'flTia Vioo rlivnhtc ns to thether or not it is snthracnose that > 3 causing trouble in his field, specir.ens should be sent to the county . demonstration agent or to the boany division of Clemson College. ******** k , Remember the *. ABBEVILLE COUNTY FAIR * November 3rd, 4th and fth. : * * * * * ? * * FACTS FOR SUFFERERS Pain results from injury or conestion. Be it neuralgia, rheumaism, lumbago, neuritis, toothache, prain, bruise, sore stiff mupcles or whatever pain you have yields to , loan's Liniment?brings new fresh lood, dissolves the congestion, reieves the injury, the circulation is on/1 TTnnr r?oin looirna oo if Kv J. OlAVA JUU1 |/(MU ibUTM IX MJ lagic. The nature of its qualities enetrates immediately to the sore pot. Don't keep on suffering. Get bottle of Sloan's Liniment. Usfc It means instant relief. Price 25c nd 50c. $1.00 bottle holds six.timess much as the 25c size. \ ID >15. f )tte, N. C. I %