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SPEAKING M j PUBLIC Ml A "Valley System" of Highways for Augusta and Her Territory?What it Would Mean. To The Augusta Herald. Suppose there were no highways in the Augusta territory and a board of engineers was engaged to locate a highway system for the territory? putting the roads where it was best I - i , ^ __ I / lor them to De?wnere wouia mey go? It is well-known that a level road is the best; it takes eight horses to pull a one-horse load up an incline of 15 per cent; that is, having a rise of 15 feet in a hundred feet. Every incline, therefore, hurts the efficiency cf the road. It is well-known, also that it is the inclines that wash the worst; level roads need very little working compared to the portions of roads on inclines. If a system of roads, therefore, is put as nearly on a level as possible not only can heavier loads be carried but the roads will stay in good condition with the minimum of labor 'and expense. The most economical road from eve-y standpoint, after it is made, is the level road. The level road system, therefore. ;s the desired thing. If there were no highways and this board was locating a system for the territory, the board would lay out the system to go up and down the valleys?where Nature has cut an approximately level "way" through the territory?through the mighty hills. The roads would follow the valleys of the main streams and the valleys of the tributaries, large and small, reaching the entire country. This is the European system. Up and down the valleys run the main highways all over Europe. The Augusta territory, with Augusta as the principal trading point, is peculiarly well placed for the de velopment of such a "valley system" of highways, since the city is on the great Savannah River, which has made a mighty cut, greater than many Panamas, through the hills to the mountains, with tributaries of , smaller rivers, creeks and branches, reaching every portion of the territory. Unquestionably this is the direction in which the future highway system of Augusta and her territory should be developed?new roads will be needed and they should be put in the valleys. A highway would follow the Savannah Valley, above highwater, on the Georgia side, away up to Tallulah and beyond. Branch roads would go up the main streams whenever , they were encountered?Kiokee Creek, Little River, Soap Creek, Fishing Creek, Broad River, Beaverdam Creek, etc. As tributary branches on these streams were met (if of sumcient importance; Drancn roaas would follow these valleys, and have , tributaries. The Kiokee Creek road, for instance, would "drain" all the central portion of Columbia County; the Little River road would "drain" all the northern portion of Columbia, McDuffie, Taliaferro, with a good portion of Warren apd Green Countties, going nearly to Union Point. It would serve the southern parts of Lincoln, Wilkes and Oglethorpe. The s. town of Washington, Ga., would find its best road to Augusta down Little River and the Savannah River. The Broad River would serve an immense territory, penetrating Lincoln, Wilkes, Oglethorpe, Elbert, Clarke, Madison, Jackson, Banks and Franklin Counties. So on the way up the Savannah River on the Georgia side. The system on the Carolina side would be similarly noble, expansive and serviceable. Wagons could draw heavy loads throughout the territory. Automobiles could make time; auto trucks could handle heavy traffic; the roads would be almost on a level; the roads could be established with the least work, requiring frequently merely to be laid out, with little cutting or fill- j ing; ana couia oe maintaineu at tne least cost. On the South Carolina side all of Edgefield County, through the valleys of Stephens Creek, Horn's Creek Turkey Creek, etc., much of Saluda, Greenwood, Abbeville, Anderson, Oconee and Pickens Counties would Le penetrated by these level mads. At present the highways, as h rule, run up and down the hills; they are located off some miles from the rivers, etc., and go up and down every declivity. This is not engineering and the old system is maintained at an enormous cost of extra hauling and maintenance. The roads, when they strike hills, really go up and I down in the bottom of the gullies, which continue to wash out leaving ijad roads most of the time. 1 As respects Augusta, the up river system would be to her benefit, as the level system would "flow" in this direction from all over the territory, h The system is equally logical for the cl I entire Savannah River Valley, but t< oelow Augusta the development of d :he "valley system" would "flow" tl away from Augusta. tl It must be kept in mind that the i: small tributaries finally reach the tl cops of dividing ridges, where descent A is made into other valleys. For in- tl stance, the Savannah system would a' connect over the ridges with the <1 Ogeechee, Oconee, etc., systems in Georgia and the Saluda, Broad, etc., 7,1 systems in South Carolina. ft H. C. Middleton. ai e: COLLEGE l;ARM REPORT. r< The Winthrop College Farm re- w port for the week ending July 10 ai showed sales of regular products N at wholesale prices amounting to T< $242.32. The regort showed that the sales , of dairy products alone bi amounted to $285.62. Of this $84.50 b; worth of butter was made from the a< cream collected and churned fror.i ti our Farmers Co-operatives Cream qi Route. Not all of this butter is ? yet sold. This then leaves the ac-,ti tual College Farm Dairy output for I th the week $200.00. 80 dozen fresh si eggs were delivered. In delivering vegetables to the college enough ; ? must be delivered at the same time bi to feed 900 people. This week we w have delivered lettuce, cabbage, ui beans, beets, tomatoes squash, cu- h< cumbers, okra, and sweet ocrn, by 'u the bushel, amounting to a total of Pi $58.60. These figures are taken from so the weeklv renort of Insnector m Weeks to President D. B. Johnson, ef This report is compiled from the m daily report of Superintendent Whis- ta onant. All cash records are kept by the College Treasurer, and her rec- fr ords last year showed a balance of *i $3400.50 after all hired help and ex- tii penses were paid. Winthrop stands is for business methods and close supervision in farming. qi 5,400 eggs or four hundred and in fifty dozen eggs was the yield of the to Winthrop College Poultry farm last la month. Three hundred laying hefts th thus averaged 19 eggs each during he the month or more than an egg ev- m ery other day. All of these eggs are to used in the college dining hall. With ' ii the close of Summer School all of the <*ii hens will be forced into complete be molt to be ready .to begin laying P< after school begins This molt is bj forced by reduction of feed for a a\ time. Then returning to regular ap feed with the addition of linseed ar meal at the rate of 5 pounds to ev- P* ery one hundred pounds of dry Pi mash. ! ed This is the time disease is most apt de to take a hold upon your flock; males er should be taken away and the strict- ve est sanitary measures taken. Dis- <>P infect everything often; keep per- wl sistently after the insects; look to the ireshness of the water supply! and cleanliness of dishes. Give *u young chickens plenty of range in da which to grow and develop. Many of of our pullets now show comb de- ^ velopment and August will find pul- fh let eggs on the range, from the g? February hatched chickens. These m birds are fed dry mash in slatted tu hoppers. This mash consists of 6 parts bran, 2 parts corn meal, and 1 part beef scrap. At night they are th sent to the roost with a full feed ?r ing of grain. This is omitted morn- *i< ings to induce them to hunt bugs tr and to eat succulent green food. ^ ?C HAITIEN COMMISSION th SEEKS TO END REVOLT ci Port Au Prince, Haiti, August 2 *r ?A comission headed by General ci Castien went to the mountain head-;fh quarters of Or. Rosalvo Bobo to-dav li< with a view to putting a stop to the th civil war which has already cost the 'a life of President Vilbrun Kuillaume and scores of others. J An effort was made in the Cham-' ber of Deputies to elect a successor to President Guillaume, but it was frustrated by the soldiers. The work of disarming Haitiens by ^ the United States marines is goingforward. A guard of French marines i ^ from the cruiser DesCartes is guarding the French legation. ^ :t THINKS SWISS MAY ni YET JOIN CONFLICT ^ tl Berlin, July 23, by wireless to Say- q ville.?An Overseas dispatch from n Berne, Switz., says that Gen. Ulrich IV Wille, commander of the Swiss army, 1 addressing a meeting held to cele- ^ brate the anniversary of the battle of j Sempach, said that while Switzerland ? hoped that the worst would be spar- ( ed her, the future still was uncertain. 1 It would be unmerited luck, Gen. f Wille declared, according to the dis- J I patch, if Switzerland should escape c in the midst of the heavy storms rag- < ing around her. |? AND SPECULATORS BLOCK SETTLEMENT Washington, Aug. 9.?During the ist decade, the Forest Service has lassified as agricultural and opened j public entry more than 15,500 inividual scattered tracts of land in le national forests, comprising more ian 1,700,000 acres, says an article y the Chief Forester, published in le Year Book of the Department of griculture, just issued. Within le last two years, in addition, sever[ large blocks have been eliminated ?gregating more than 2,500,000 :res, while nearly 2,000,000 acres lore are now under consideration >r elimination. All the remaining *ricultural land in the national forsts is confined chiefly in isolated acts scattered here and there; to ;stricted areas requiring irrigation, here water can not" be obtained; id to cortain river bottoms and snches which are not covere' with 2ry hea^y and valuable timber. A constant pressure is being rought to bear on the government Y private individuals who want to :quire possession of these heavily mbered agricultural lands, single aarter-sections of which often have value as high as $20,000 for the mber alone. In spite of the fact lat some of these lands have soil litable for agriculture, to tnrow tern open as homesteads would not >sult in farm development. This is been proven over and over again here lands of this kind, acquired ider the Homestead Law, are today ;ld not by homesteaders but by mber companies, who promptly irehased them from the settle as on as title passed from the governent?a speculative process which Fectviely prevents men of sxiall eans from acquiring land and esblishing homes. The government is withholding om agricultural entry all such healy timbered land until 'after ; the mber is cut off. As soon as this done, the land will be opened to ttry and settlers will be able to aclire it directly from the governent without cost, instead of having pay from $40 to $50 an acre to nd speculators. For example, on e Kaniksu National Forest in Ida and WfLKhincrtnn +Vi? ?nwn?n -0 WAV gVTWiil' | ent's timber sales have been made include much of the remaining nbered agricultural land. Within jht years fully 10,000 acres will i made available for settlement, jrmanent homes will be established r the settlers; and there will be ailable for the use of communities proximately $225,000 for roads id schools, their legal share of the oceeds from the timber sales, ivate ownership of heavily timberl agricultural land blocks farming ivelopment, says the article; govnment ownership insures such delopment under conditions that give >portunities to the small settler hose only capital is his strength id courageous perseverance. One of the most serious agriculral problems of the northwest t;oly is the development of the loggedf lands in private ownership. In regon and Washington alone more an three million acres of such log(d-off lands ar#> l\rino? iilla ol+Vi v <VUV) Oituvugli uch of this area ha3 fine agriculral soil and a climate that insures >undant crops and the development ' thriving communities. Yet in is same region hunderds of settlers e seeking to find places in the na>nal forests, usually remote from ansportation, high in the mountains here the climate is harsh and the il relatively poor, simply because e good lands at lower levels outfle the forests are held by the speilators at prohibitive prices. The ue solution of the problem of agriilture in such sections is to develop e rich ogged-off private lan'ls that ; outside the forests, and not to row open the non-agricultural nds within the forests. WcGOWAN FAMILY REUNION. iteresting Event Takes Place ;it Cross Hill. ews and Courier. Cross Hill, August 5.?Special: he McGowan family reunion was eld at Cross Hill, in the Liherrv prings Church Tuesday. Notwitianding a big rain in the early torning, there was a large gatherlg^of the family and friends. Of le out-of-town representatives of le family present were: F. P- Mc'owan and family, of Laurens; Adliral Samuel McGowan, U. S. N.; Irs. Rose Cantey, of New York. Mrs ,flvp nf RnQrfQtiKnvn" TLfv? Toe r. Holmes, of Columbia; W. A. McIwain and family, of Newberry; J. '. McSwain and family, of Green ille; L. F. McSwain and family, of Linton; Claude McSwain and famiy, of Clemson College; Dr. Madden's amily of Columbia; Mr. and Mrs. rohn Miller, Henry and Harell Miller, )f Whitmire; James Austin, of ValJosta, Ga., Messrs Todd, of Clinton .lso a large number of the family re siding in and around Cross Hill, and 1 many friends from various places. The meeting1 was called to order by J. J. McSwain, who nominated Dr. J. H. Miller chairman, who upon taking the chair welcomed the kinsmen and friends. The Rev. W. D. Ratchford offered prayer. Mrs. W. T. Austin gave the history of Liberty Spring Church, in which the McGowan fami'y figured very prominently as members and officers from the beginning to the present day. Judge 0. G. Thompson, of Laurens, spoke on the McGowan family >n the war of the sixties, speaking in the highest terms of the gallantry and devotion to country of various members of the family with whom he served. Mrs. Rose Cantey, of New York, a daughter of Capt. H. C. McGowan, read a paper on the women of the McGowan family, which was written by Mrs. Mary Nance Daniels, of Saluda. Mr. Calhoun McGowan read 1 sketch of the life of Capt. H. C. McGowan, written by Admiral Samu o.l McGowan. Admiral McGowan read a paper on the life of William McGowan, written by H. P. McGowan. J. J. McSWain gave a history of the life of his grandfather, Capt. J. J. McGowan. W. A. McSwain read a sketch of J. C. McGowan, of Cross Hill. Excellent music was rendered by the choir and Mrs. T. F. Jones, who ;*ang several solos. An elegant dinner was served in the grove. Several of the old family negroes present were served bounti-, fully. A permanent organization wa: perfected by electing. H. P. McGowan, chairman; iVfrs. Mary Nance Dan'els, secretaly; Samuel McGowan, Dr. J. H. Miller and W. A. McSwain, txecutive committee. They are to meet every live years. After the singing of 'God Be With You Till We Meet Again," the Rev. J'. A- Martin closed the meeting with prayer. The occasion was a very pleasant and interesting one. A RELIC OF BARBARISM. (By James B. Nevin.) The longer I live and the more I study the ways of men and contemplate the trend of history, the more thoroughly I become convinced in my own mind that capital punishment is altogether wiong?a relic of barbarism, which in the light of humanity, common sense and civilization, ought < to be abolished for all time, everywhere. I do not believe that ths State has the right?I mean the moral right? to take from a human being that which in no (ircumstances it can restore to him. The State may take away his property; it may take away his liberty; ?t may take away his civic rights? but those things the State can re3tore. The State, however, once hiving taken his life, never can give that back. I believe that terms of imprisonment Olltrhf. til Vio mo/lo ?1 0 MV MiMU? iUVl C IIACU and definite?that a man sent to the penitentiary for, say ,the term of his natural life, cught to proceed to the serving of his sentence, knowing that he is not going to be released, save m the most extraordinary and unusual circumstanc es?such for instance, as the clear and indisputable establishment of hi? innocence. If that were the rule and it were xdhered to, it would meet all the requirements of our theories even of punishment for crime. Time was when capital punishment was the rule for innumerable crimes. It used to be death in this country to counterfeit. Petty theivery used to be punished by hanging in England. Burglary, up to a short tims.ago, was punishable by death in m.my States?but more and more people are beginning to see that capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime any more thin is life imprisonment. In Belgium, one of the mo^t enlightened and most progressive countries of Europe?in the present war through no fault of its own?capital punishment has been unknown for many years. The late King Leopold promised his mother on her death bed that so long as he remained King, no death warrant would be signed in Belgium; and while a law providing capital punishment still obI nine in Rnlo,i*irvi if Viae? nAf enforced since King Leopold assumed the crown, for his promise to his mother has been adhered to by the present King, the most heroic figure in the great struggle now going on in Europe. It is becoming more and more difficult all the time to secure jurors in murder cases, and in cases in which capital punishment is involved. The law has wisely recognized the growing sentiment against capital punishment to the <xtent cf permitting a uror to disqualify himself by declaring that he is opposed to capital punishment as a matter of conscientious principle. I know that there are arguments Ui!JilfiifZfilifi!liUllllUnnilEI jjj TEN D? | Seaboard 1 Jfj "The Progressive 1 ft FROM ft Abbeville, S. C. Ql Anderson, S. C., jp Athens, Ga., Sh Atlanta, Ga., IC Belton, S. C. n> Birmingham, Ala 31 Gedartown, Ga. Uj Donalds, S. C., jV Elberton, Ga jD Greenville, S. C. jlj. Greenwood, S. C. Qf Greer, S. C. Hodges, S. C. Jyj Lawrenceville, Ga. UC Pelzer, S. C. ... ? Piedmont, S. C. IrtocKmari, ua. Sheals Jet., S. C. Spartanburg, S. C. Union, S C Williamston, S. C. Winder, Ga. Tickets on sale each Thurs 2, 1915, bearing final limit to turning prior to midnight of sale. Extension of final limit ference between the ten day ai Call on nearest Ticket Aj formation, or write. C. S. COMPTON, T. P. A., Atlanta, Gi imiHrajHiHiEmmea Southern Railway Schedule. Effective July 4,1915. A.M. PM PI Leave Abbeville 9.55 3.45 6i Arrive Abbeville 11.20 5.10 8.0 Cleaning:, Pressing and Altering WHILE YOU Willi Six Salts in one (1 Af Month Fonr Salts in 1 (If two Months.. I.Uli H. H. DuPRE CO. cn the other side of this question and I know that some show of logi< may be set forth to sustain a con irary view-?but slowly and surely these arguments and this logic is be ing crumbled into dust and sentimeni against capital punishment is grow ing stronger all. the time. The execution of Becker in Ne\< York a few days ago was a horribl< and revolting thing. It is altogether probable that the evil effects, of thai execution far outweighed the gooc effects?and that practically all o: Ihe good effects, moreover, migh have been preserved by sending Becker to prison for hard labor foi life, had there been coupled with thai sentence an assurance in the publi* mind that Becker would serve hii -entence to the limit. 11 believe the day is coming an< coming soon, when capital punish ment will be unknown?when it wil have been abolished, never to be sei up again; but when that day doe: come, the executive right of cleraen cy will be sharply and rigidly circum scribed and restricted, and then thii problem sent down to us as a relic o: barbarism and darkness from half civilized times will have vanishec from the face of the earth fr/ever more.?Atlanta Georgian. BEST KINDS OF TURNIPS. The Progressive Farmer. "Please tell me in your nexr issu< what kind of turnips to plant foi summer or winter use, as I hav< failed for several years." Requests for a reply in the next is U ~ 4-U. out: can never ue nucu, uccausc cm next issue; and perhaps the ony afte it are largely made up before a lette: comes. It is never possible to ge i. reply in the paper in less than tw< weeks after the- letter comes. Bu when a stamp is enclosed we alway reply by mail at once. For early fall use the best turni is the Milan. It grows very quickl; nnd soon comes into use, but is no raited for winter keeping as it wil i?et pithy in winter. The Long Whit French turnip sown in July will mak nne winter-keeping turnips and o fine quality. They grow with toj like the rutabaga and must be sow onrly. For later sowing the Purpl Top Globe and the Yellow Aberdee are both good. Get seed from th prominent and reliable seedsmen i ihe cities and do> not buy seed fro] the boxes in country stores. Many- an otherwise truthful ma lies about the good time he ha while camping out. It isn't always the man with ti highest forehead that makes the mo of his brains. i raiEfiiraraiiirafgiantfEniig^ lY EATES p iiv Line Ry, B Railway of the South" Wilmington, and f?i WrightsYille, N.. GTt.flfcj 10.00 |E ' 8 .Oft fHt 15.00 at? 11.00 K: iu.UW day up to and including September 9fe reach original starting point; re- ^E' second Monday following date off SSL may be had upon payment of dif- jPt: id season rates. ' sBfe ?ent for Pullman reservations, is- -"jypt FRED GEISSLER, jffi Ass't Gen'l P. A., Atlanta, Gk. jgE urajTuamzrarngBizizizm * Ab peville-QreeflW jjfc | MUTUAL mstmicE ASSOCIATION. r Property Insured, $2,100,OMr January 20th, 1915. I ' " ' I WHITE T? OR CALL on ttoe uad?n ** vv or tb? Director pf your Tot i*p t Tor mit Information tm hut didri ahm It mr plan of Insnranetw We injur* your property against tWNfc tlonhy 71% WmaSTBSK 0& UBETVIIS, and do so cheeper th*r? Hoy in*?ran?eOa??- < ? pany In existence. Dwellings covered wUfe. meul roof are Insured for 86 per oent. cheapssar* than other property. Bwaember we are prepared to pro*# to yes* r that ours Is the cafeet and cheapest plan err f Lnsuranoe known. * J. B. BLAKE, Gen. Agent 1 Abbeville, S. G?. r f. r&ASEB LYOir.Prei. Abbeville, S. r ?? , B. U. Majors, Greenwood t J.'r M*hry - Ookeebnry i C. H. Dodflon ?Donaldi X. a. Khu... ..Due West f W. W. L. Keller Long Cane . I. A. Keller. ... Hmlthvllle t D. A. Ward law Cedar Spring , W. W. Bradley -Abbeville ? Dr. J. A. Anderson Antrevllle r 8.8. Boles Lowndesvllle A. O. Orant...?. Magnolia t W. D. Morrah ?..Calhoun Mills 8. P. Morran...... ....Bordeaux H. L.Rasor... Walnut Qrore 3 W. A.Nlckles _...J3odg?e M. G. Bowles _ ?uoronaea D.B. Hattlwmger...... Ninely-Blxi " " Klnards 1 " " Fellowship JoeApb Lake ......Pbcen x. J. W. Bmltb ........ Verd'ry I J. H. Chiles -..Bracley, T rn. t.vou 1 Toyc E. K. Moseley- Yp dell1 , T.B.Bell mil80i> " tm ^ irkseys \.bbevllle, 8. C.. Jan. 20,1915 ; PASSENGER SCHEDULE f Piedmont & Northern By. Co*. 1 Effective June 6th, 1915. GREENWOOD, S. C. Arrivals. Dppnrtn?*** No. 1 8:00 A.M. No. 4 6 3DOAJ3ER No. 3 10:00 A.M. No. 6 8:00AS? No. 5 12:15 P.M. No. 8 10:00A2& No. 9 4:10 P.M. Xo. 12 2:26A3GL , No. 15 7:20 P.M. No. 14 4tSBl'JBk 2 No. 17 10:55 P.M. No. lfr 8:45 B3E [ C. S. ALLEN. Traffic Ttfanaeren : Reduced Rates J VIA i SOUTHERN RAILWM s * Premier Carrier of the South I FROM ABBEVILLE, S. V.. e e SAX FRA\'CISfO,CAL f Panama-Pacific International fS tion. February 20-Dec?mber 4,1915 n B. F. Sweeteuburg, Agxzit. e n e SEABOARD SCHEDULE. n Effective May 30, 1915. 11 SOUTH. No. 5 1:50 P.M. No. 11 3:27 All. No. 29 4:OOP.:>? . NORTH. ld No. 6 8:11 PJtt.". No. 12 1:4&?.3&. ie No. 30 12:54 P.M.. No. 17 (South) leaves 5:00 A. ML 5k-?'. 18 arrives 10:10 P. M. J. D. Miller, AgeaX .