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r I 5 fewmgmA i IIE ^rst ic*ea of a "Liberia"? set"W j?r ^en:ient of free negroes?arose " BraWI with the foundation of the Brit 'ggji ?sh colony of Sierrgjfcone. AftMMm er the close of American X War of Independence in 1783 it became necessary to provide for the negro troops who had served Groat Britain faithfully in that mSx unhappy struggle. They were at B<r first deported to Nova Scotia, but had no place there in the body politic of white men; they were no longer slaves, but the idea of granting the suffrage to negroes was then displeasing to the dominant race. There was also the problem of the free Maroon negroes of Jamaica, who were irksome to the authorities in a land of slavery. So the idea of founding a free negro state or community in West Africa for the reception of enfranchised Ainer lean negroes came Into being about 1784, ana in 1787 the eoleny of Sierra Leone was founded under a chartered company and taken over by the crown in 1808. Eariy in the nineteenth century the same difficulty arose in the United States, namely, the presence of thousands of free negroes whose case had not been sufficiently provided for by the American Constitution. Somehow A S/AT/VJT C///?/jr/A/y' rAAt/LY ~2?* or other these free negroes and mulattoes? growing impatient ^)f being taxed without representation?must be provided for. So several philanthropists, remembering Sierra Leone, thought to promote . by private enterprise and philanthropy - a similar colony acpass the sea which might provide for the return to West Africa (whence most of them had come) of the freed slaves of the United States. Indeed, there was a strong disposition to adopt Sierra Leone for this purpose, with the assent of the BrKish government; but the local authorities t of Sierra Leon showed themselves very averse from receiving American negroes, who might owe a divided allegiance. Accordingly the Ai\3rican founders of "Liberia" (this name was not given to the Infant state until 1824)?wno were mostly wnite men with a few mulattoes and negroes?selected the Grain Coast, Immediately to the south and east of Sierra Leone, for their experiment. It was some weeks before the hostility of the natives, who were wedded to the slave trade, cculd be overcome, but in 1822 active operations were begun. A thirty-acre tract was allotted to each man with the means of cultivating it. The National Colonization society's agents became discouraged at the difficulties that were met and returned to America with a few faint-hearted ones; but the others rallied about a determined negro, Elijah Johnson, and remained. The colony was enlarged by the addition of new tracts. New settlements were afterward formed at Cape Monte and In the newly acquired Bassa Land, in which, In 1834, a town, was founded and tailor) Wftlnn In ncV-nnwlpriprnprit nf npniniarv aid sent from Edir/>urgh. Many of the neighboring chiefs were received into the colony, and others were subdued. Trials of many , kinds, deprivations and dissensions were the lot of the colony, managed by a society which did not fully know whether its aims were sentimental or practical. In 1847 Liberia was left to its own resources and declared an independent republic. The colony immediately began to show more/ prosperity, numerous churches and schools were founded, newspapers were established, and slavery in the neighboring states was abolished. The first president of independent Liberia was Roberts, an octoroon. He was a most able and courageous man and the country made rapid strides in civilization and other material lines Poor Man-on In a few years aeroplanes will be as engines common as automobiles are now, and will be It is obvious that the man-on-foot will iron cas have little show, says the Emporia Ga- and knc rette. The auto-scorcher will be a his shoi harmless individual as compared with walks a the speed maniac overhead. A man wrench who will take to aeroplaning must be on the ' naturally reckless to begin with, and weary, his recklesness will increase with each Anott flight His boilers will bust, and his crease of progress under his administraThe constitution of the republic H|||? Is framed after that of the United States. There are a president, vicepresident, a council of six ministers I and a house of representatives. VoterS must ^ "*"> blood and own pjgffi real estate. The natives gnerally IB do not avail themselves of the suffrage. No foreigner can own land without the consent of the governernment. The coast territory is formed into the counties of E .-sa, Cape Palmas and Slnoe, with one superintendent each, and Montserrado, with four superintendents. The capital is Monrovia, named after President Monroe. English money is used, but American money figures usually in the keeping of accounts. There is a Liberian coinage and a rather large paper currency/ The official language of the country is English. The civilized Inhabitants are orthodox Protestants, ipostly Episcopalians. During the fifties and sixties of the last cen*""" AwAvlrtA.T iKoriono /JiH miioh tn AY tux J IUC AiilCl iVV iJWVt iUiiw utu UULV.WM -W v? plore the interior and enter into treaty relationships with the native chiefs. But thirty years ago their administration began to get into financial difficulties. It is not an easy thing to create a well-ordered, well-governed state in tropical Africa without a considerable capital to draw on. Consider for a moment what Great Britain has spent on Sierra Leone since 1787, and on the Gold Coast wars, the opening up of Nigeria; or the outlay of France on Senegambia or Dahomey; and then imagine how the government of Liberia could without any reserve of capital bring law, order and civilization Into a densely forested territory nearly the size of England, with a probable population of over a million warlike savages and semi-savages. So long as Britain and France?the controlling powers?contented themselves with the mere occupation of a few coast towns on the seaboard of their West African dominions or protectorates, the Monrovia government could -> ' - J- O.,* ? rryaof ULLUI U LU UU lilC DAUlO. Dut, nuui tucoo 6i ^?.v European powers were compelled by force of circumstances to occupy and administer the regions behind their coasts the Liberians found themselves in a position of great difficulty. They had been allotted theoretically by France and England a considerable hinterland?more than 50,000 square miles?and were held responsible for the doings of the native tribes in that extensive interior. Now these tribes had never been'subdued by the government of the republic. They were many of them in treaty relationships with the Monrovia administration, and such of them as had heard of the civilized negro government on the coast (and it must be remembered that much of tbo interior is dense forest, inhabited by r> . will be an aaropla l OOt will enable you t widow and chtidre will fly to pieces, and there fal^8 on 51PU showers of hardware, and big fyra?Ce aSGIi>, ? , itings will hit the man-on-foot thicI^ "ow tha* : ?ck him into the ground up to f7? em' an alder blades. Every time he threatens to swell round a block a falling monkey be denounced by P or claw hammer will dot him head and make him sick and Life Preservi Dirigible balloo: ler prospective evil Is the In- la?? four years sh< of Insurance agents. There and in the past tv . * ? /^A NAT/VST V/LLAGFl~7)*rp tribes who for ages have been Isolated in that forest, and were?and are?quite ignorant ol the world outside their tribal land) were aulte willing to regard the Liberlans as the ruling power on the seashore. But they were very disinclined to obey ordera from Monrovia If contrary to their own desires. Tho tribes farthest inland looked upon the British and French?the "white men"?as aggressors who were putting down by force a rco3t lucrative slave trade, who were forcibly disclosing the secrets of sacred streams like the Niger near Its sources, who, in short, were not only to be opposed, but whose organized territories offered a most profitable field for raids aid robberies. More than this: the import of guns, .gunpowder, rifle3 (above all) and alcohol was being restricted or forbidden by the Europeans. The Liberian coast, especially where It was slenderly guarded by the Liberian administration, offered the one loophole through which these forbidden goods might be smuggled. Accordingly a great traae sprang up between theso uncontrolled hinterland tribes and the Kru people on the coast, who affected a sort of detachment from the government by the-'American-Negro republic. 'In these ways the Liberlan hinterland became a positive source of danger and expense to the y ????? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?< I Hiring Help' j ml- ? " ? ? 1 n Kft/1 An Ait crh ITI Tile servaui piuuicm 10 uau cuvugu America, and the experiences mistresses have to relate are many and varied; but an Infinitely wider range of possibilities is opened uf when mere man?and a bachelor at that? tackles the servant and other household problems in an East African bungalow. Anything can happen?and does happen! Native house servants of a sort are plen tlful enough around the chief towns of Brit ish East Africa, Nairobi and Mombasa, and the slightest rumor that the Muzungu (white man) requires a "boy" or m'pezi (cook) fills one's compound with cooks, "generals" and raw niggers, representing every tribe under Africa's sun, a writer in the Wide World says. The average bachelor contents bimsell with four servants?a head "boy," a cook, 9 "toto" (youth) to assist them, and a m'shenzi (raw, untrained native) for odd Jobs, gardening, etc. It is no easy task to make a selection from the host of eager, voluble applicants. Dirty, carefully stuck-together "baruas" (testimonials) are examined and the owners questioned, but It Is unwise to put much faith In these documents, for It Is no unusual occurrence for a "boy"?on the principle of "the more the merrier"?to proudly present you with three no insurance, which fsts have met the same fate o provide for your time that some of the inger n in case an aviator upon perfecting the airship squashes you. In- efj inventing an airshi] various kinds are so eerver9 jn hot air balloon It is impossible tV descent is always made any scheme that acjjUte. While an aeropla [ their ranks should a^je extrlcate hii ress and pulpit. seat jn ^jme aj a parachute, why should no srs for the Air. ment of this kind be feasi! n accidents for the d'rfglble airships? Those )w a loss of 35 lives, competent to deal with th ro years 12 aerop>sn- should deviso some meth< 1?. 1 1 I I CM IN H 1EW or CAJ=>? F>AJL/>1 A*5 British protectorate of Sierra Leone and tb French possessions of the Sudan and Ivory Coas Consequently the Liberian government ha been "forced of late years to live somewhat beyon its means In organizing a police and a marine, i occupying the Kru coast and in attempting t construct roads to places of importance in th interior. 11 una nuui Ltuic iu uuifi tubuBv,. ? pean officers for its services; but whereas som of these engagements have been of noteworth success, others have been the reverse, and it 1 difficult to locate the blame. European capiti is somewhat shy of Liberia, partly owing to tb turbulence of the interior natives (though thl has been exaggerated, for white men very seldoi really Incur danger from the Indigenes), but mor on account of the irresponsible fickleness of th legislature, which is given tco much to the hast making and unmaking of laws and to conflicts c opinion with the executive. Yet the country is extremely rich- Its rocl) and river valleys produce both gold and diamond some of the coast districts (especially in the easl even give indications of the existence of bitumei or oil-bcarlng strata, while the forests of the ii terior are remarkable for their wealth of rubbe bearing trees and lianas, their ebony, African tea and "mahogany," and the piassava fiber (derive from the raphia palm), which is used f$r so man purposes connected with the making of broom and brushes. Then there is the oil-palm, with it x r\t nil Knth valnnhlo to pnmmwi'C th IWU MUUO VI Wti, MVVU ? MLW.W.V.W w- ? oil of the husk and that of the kernel. Th 1 extraction of this last and Its great value.fo special Industries are said to have been dls covered some seventy-five years ago by a American negro, one of the early colonists c Liberia. A great deal was done by these free slave settlers, for which they have never r celved sufficient credit. Unfortunately the attempted colonlzatio of Liberia has been hindered by the America i negro colonists proving almost as much liabl i to malarial .fever and other African dieeast as Europeans. They seem to have lost th relative Immunity from these blood-germ ma adles which their African ancestors enjoyei I The modern America-Liberian does not stan - ' the climate of Liberia much better than th white man from Europe or America. Th country is not unhealthy In the interior; it i the coast belt which, with its eternal heat an i moisture, its very short dry seasons, and to rential rains (conditions which suit admirabl [ the cultivation of rubber, coffee and cacac i saps the vitality of residents not of Africa . ~ birth. And the hinterland, with Its superk conditions of climate, has already a som i what large indigenous population, who are n< i ( eager for foreign additions to their number In East Africa testimonials, every one bearing a differei i name from the one under which he introduce himself! > These gentry are always greatly offende when you klclc them off the veranda and te them they have bought or stolen the doci ments from other natives! Upon one occasio a would- be cook brought me a "barua" signe by a well-known settler and worded: "To whom It may concern: The bearer < i ' this 'barua' Is an Infernal rogue and thie ? Please kick him out." i By the time I had stopped laughing the nlj i ger had arrived at the conclusion that som< thing was wrong and was doing record tlm dowu the path, so I was unable to avail m; self of the kind Invitation. HORSE TRADE IN MISSOURI. i In St. Charles last week Lester Ingrahai traded A. S. Osborn a horse for a motor boa A few hours later Osborn discovered that th horse wa3 worthless, so he went to the bo? i and removed the engine and the horse die as he was hauling It away. A Jury In a Jui i tlce's court awarded Ingraham the engine an i $1 damages.?Detroit Free Press. . Is it not serving life in the case of accident mlty spent which iseem to be a foregone concli i be devot- Gi?n. at least In the early stages < p life pre- the flyinS game.?Leslie's. ascensions with a par- A Professional Diagnosis. nlst might Policeman?What is the matter wit mself from my finger, doctor? It pains me teri vantage of blv. t an equig- Surgeon?It is a strictly profe ile for the sional affliction. who are Policeman?What do you mean? r situation Surereon?Simply that you have ad of pre- ' felon on hand. TOjgj^HEN' | ,2?jS|4mnet 1 JL ^BLdow satisfies me more than all the metaphysics of books.?Walt Whitman. Worry is hope turned wrong side out. Mushrooms. Mushrooms are in season from May until the frosts come. During July and August they are apt to be wormy and should be carefully Inspected before cooking. They may be served aa a vegetable, as a salad aB a main dish. In fact, there are countless ways of serving them. Creamed mushrooms is a favorite way of serving them. Creamed Mushrooms. Clean the mushrooms, peel the caps and saute in a little butter, then add them to a rich white sauce. Servw on toast for a luncheon or a supper UlOUl f Chicken and Mushrooms. Clean one cupful of mushrooms, break In pieces and saute In Just enough butter to keep them from burning. To a quarter of a cupful of butter add a third of a cupful of Jiour and one and a third/cupfuls of milk. Have one and a half cupfuls of chicken cut In dice and turn Into the white sauce when It Is well cooked. Add the mushrooms, season with salt and pepper and serve. Household Hints. Here is a remedy that will solve a problem that has troubled many a housewife, the question of what to do with a silence cloth too long for a email table. It cannot be folded t>ack without making a ridge and It is not always possible to have them of different lengths. One bright woman has this simple way o? disposing with the cloth when too long: She has two loops, one sew4d on each corner and hooks fastened intp the under side of t the table, then the cloth can be g hooked up out of the way very quickly. ^ Remnants of cold tongue are dellclous heated in currant jelly tfith buto ter' Care of a wound, no matter how small, should be attended to at once > Wash with some good antiseptic like 6 peroxide and cover with the dust. y Relieve a burn quickly by applying ,f? moistened scuia, scraped potato or a piece of Ice, which will remove the 6 fire. The speedier the better to re. ls move both fire and pain, n e ;s Ljw FRIEND In need, my nelshg iM. bor said? ' A friend Indeed lo what I mean to be; '' -In time of trouble I will come to you 2, And in the hour of need you'll find me a. true. ?nenry vtin u } -tvc, ,k , j Household Hints. Kerosene is a wonderful cleanser. ig Wipe the sink with a cloth dampened in kerosene. It will remove all the grease and make it white and clean. ie it is as good, for the bathtub. The e slight odor will soon vanish. r Rub the leather seats in the chairs with a flannel cloth moistened witb a kerosene. It will freshen them wonderfully. d A little kerosene in the water In & which clothes are boiled removes the soil which would otherwise take hard rubbing. A little kerosene used in tbe water n to wash window brightens them withe out the streaks that soap often makes. !S Tea steins are easily removed from e table linen by pouring boiling water to which has been added a few drops of ammonia over them. d It is the custom of many house ie wives to use sand soap jfor cleaning ie and scouring. It is injurious to many ls utensils and ammonia or kerosene L d will do as well with no wear on the r" materials. y Study your guests likes and dislike? ') and avoid the unpleasantness of nol D having anything to please, for the ,r world Is full of men and women who 6" have been spoiled by an unwise >t mother and have not been taught tc s. enjoy all the good things of the table j , Health Hint. {[ For the man or woman who suffeT < i with tired burning feet during the Jj hot weather there Is nothing which <! gives greater relief than a rubbing In alcohol or cologne. Witch hazel it Is also a good soothing lotion. The ;s relief that comes from a little attention to the feet Is well repaid by the d comfort that results. A little pow 11 der dusted Into the shoes is very coo:-. x- lng to tired feet. n d Banana Sandwiches. Divide two medium-stzed bananas ){ Into halves, then cut each piece length{. wise Into slices. Prepare buttered bread the size of the banana slices. Mix six tablespoonfuls of powdered > sugar with one teaspoonful of lemcn e Juice; spread on the bread, and put 7. two strips together with a slice of banana between. Apples and Apple Sauce. Those who are fortunate enough tc have an early apple tree or two niaj n have many appetizing dishes in this t. time of few berries. The acids and e salts found in^pples are very beneflcial. There are endless ways of j serving them from plain apple sauce 3. to salads and combination dishes. s, u" A Wife's Influence. Lookers on often Bee the wonderful Influence a wife can exert for the ;ood or failure of her husband. By a gracious, genial manner she may win .b hosts of friends for him. In nearly i- svery walk of life where he has to ook to the generous public for a lives' lihood, she can help him; make the poke easier, and the burden lighter, jays Woman's Life. A powerful factor [ 8 in the world of business today is found j !n the influence of woman. AFTER SUFFERING FOR YEARS ' V; Cured by Lydia E. Pinkham's VegetableCompound Park Rapids, Minn.?"I was sick fox 17" " 3E "years while passing 1 thro ugh the Chang# of Life and wa?' Tp&! hardly able to be around. After takin8 8*x bottles of IliiPi v** Pil Lydia E.Pinkham'a IMila -rJliji ve get able Com I ^ >Jto^rfi!iHPound 1 20 j pounds, am now able to do my^own ']rdoit, Park Eapidfl, Minn. Brookville, Ohio.?"I was Irregular and extremely nervous. A neighbor recommended Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound to me and I have become regular and my nerves are , much better."?Mi*. B. Kinnisok, Brookville, Ohio. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, made from native roots and herbs, contains no narcotic or harmful drugs, and to-day holds the record for the largest number of actual cures of female diseases we know'of, and thousands of voluntary testimonials are on -file in thp Pinkharu laboratory at Lynn, Mass., from women who have been cured from almost every form of female complaints, inflammation, ulceration, displacements^ broid tumors, irregularities, periodic pains,backache, " indigestion and nervous prostration. Every suffering woman owes it to herself to give Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound a triaL \ If yon want special advice writ? Mrs. Pinkham, Lynn,Mass., for it* It is free and always helpfuL Too much stategy can tangle .itself more than It can fool others. ' Mrs. WInsIow'a Soothing1 Syrup for Children teething, so'tens the puma, reduces Infiamma-. tton, allays pais, cures wind colic, 25c a bottle. . Forgive the man who smites you on nriA nhoelr and he will eenerallv swat you on the other. \ For mB.lDACHE-Hlck?> CAPUDINB Whether from Colds, He?t, Stomach or Nervous Troubles, Capudlne will'relieve you. It's liquid?pleasant to take?acta Immediately. Try it. 10cM 85c.. and SO cents at drag tores. Diplomatic. . . "No, I'can never be your wife."1 "What?' Am I never to be known as the husband of the beautiful Mrs. Smith?" She succumbed.?Llpplncott's. Already in Training. Ruffon Wratz?W'en a woman hands out a slab of lemon pie you make a long speech o' thanks. Wot's that fur? Saymold Storey?I'm flttin' myself fur the Chawtauquay lectur* platform. I thought I told ye 'bout it long 'go. \ Not on Your Life. An Irishman obtained a position in a skyscraper that was being built. He . had to carry /mortar up to the top floor. One day he went I up and couldn't find his way down. The boss missed him and called up to him: "Pat," said the boss, "why don't you come down?" . "I don't know the way," Pat. "Well, come down the way you went up." "Faith, and I won't," said Pat, "for I came up head first." Science and Cheese. A medical authority kindly assures us that as long as cheese Isn't decayed It will not aftect the health of the consumer. This is a fact that we have suspected for a considerable time. But how is the ordinary cheese epicure to detect the difference?unless he waits for results? There is cheese so thoroughly disguised in the costume and aroma of decay that its proper standing on the sanitary testing table would puzzle a conjuror. For instance, there is the brand ' known- as limburger. rf But why pursue this subject? EH HARD LUCK, INDEED. I "Yep, Bill fell Inter a beer vat an' ^ nearly drownded; but dat ain't de vurst of it. Dey pumped him out rion r*(*v rpconf^ him'" jBfl *DV IfillDlUC RCMPHM I ill i mvimih kik Hhnihw wm team For Red, Weak, Weary, Watery Eyec and H 8H GRANULATED EYELIDS I Murine Doesn't Smart-Soothes Eye Pain 89 Drniiati SeO Marine Ey? RescJr, Liquid, 25c, 50c, $1.00 SjH Murine Eyo Salve, in Aseptic Tube*. 25c, $1.00 1MB EYE BOOKS AND ADVICE FREE EY MAIL WW Murine Eye Remedy Co^Chicago