The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, December 25, 1907, Image 2
PRESIDENT ROOSEI/EUS
JBU5L MESSAGE
Legislation Which He Urges the
Sixtieth Congress to Enact
Washington. D. C.?The annual 1
Message of the President was read '
before the onenine: session of the new
Sixtieth Congress. Its reading was j
followed with intense interest by the j
Kiernbers of the two houses and
many passages were vigorously applauded.
The Message is, in part, as
follows:
To the Senate and House of Representatives:
No nation has greater resources j
than ours, and I think it can be truthfully
said that the citizens of no nation
possess greater energy and industrial
ability. In no nation are the
fundamental business conditions
sounder than in ours at this very moment;
and it is foolish, when such is
the case, for people to hoard money
instead of keeping it in sound banks;
for it is such hoarding that is the immediate
occasion of moneystringencv.
Moreover, as a rule, the business of
our people is conducted with honesty
and probity, and this applies alike to
farms and factories, to railroads and
banks, to all our legitimate commercial
enterprises.
In any large body of men,-however,
there are certain to be some who are
dishonest, and if the conditions are
such that these men prosper or commit
their misdeeds with impunity,
iue:i CAaui|iic 10 a v ci j cui uuu^,
for the community. Where these
men are business men of great sagacity
and of temperament both nnscru- |
pulous and reckless, and where the i
conditions are such that they act |
without supervision or control and at j
first without effective check from |
public opinion, they delude many innocent
people into making investments
or embarking in kinds of business
that are really unsound. When
the misdeeds of these successfully dishonest
men are discovered, suffering
comes not only upon them, but upon
the innocent men whom they have
misled. It Is a painful awakening,
whenever it occurs; and, naturally,
when it docs occur those who suffer
are apt to forget that the longer it
was deferred the more painful it
would be. In the effort to punish the
guilty it is both wise and proper to ]
endeavor so far as possible to minimize
the distress of those who have
been misled by the guilty. Yet it is
not possible to refrain b?cause of
such distress from striving to put an
end to the misdeeds that are the ultimate
causes of the suffering, and, as j
a means to this end, where possible
to punish those responsible for them.
There may be honest differences of !
opinion as to many governmental policies;
but surely there can be no such
differences as to the need of unflinching
perseverance in the war against
successful dishonesty. j
After making a lengthy extract j
from his message to Congress on De-!
cember 5, 1905, in which are con- j
tained his well known views on the
subject of corporation regulation the
President says that he calls attention
to these quotations because he is satisfied
it is the duty of the National
Government to embody in action the
principles thus expressed. The Message
then continues:
No small part of the trouble that :
we have comes from carrying to an i
extreme the national virtue of selfrel'ance,
of independence in initiative
and action. It is wise to conserve
this virtue and to provide for 1
its fullest exercise, compatible with ;
seeing that liberty does not become j
a liberty to wrong others. I/nfortu- |
nately, this is the kind of liberty that
the lack of all effective regulation
inevitably breeds. The founders of
the Constitution provided that the
National Government should have
complete and sole control of interstate
commerce. There was then
practically no interstate business
save such as was conducted by water,
and this the National Government at
once proceeded to regulate in thoroughgoing
and effective fashion.
Conditions have now so wholly
changed that the interstate commerce
by water is insignificant compared
with the amount that goes by land,
and almost all big business concerns
are now -engaged in interstate commerce.
As a result, it can be but
partially and imperfectly controlled
or regulated by the action of any one
of the several States; such action inevitably
tending to be either too
drastic or else too lax, and in either j
case ineffective for purposes of jus- |
tice. Only the National Government ,
can in thoroughgoing fashion cxer- ,
cise the needed control. This does '
not mean that there should be any |
extension of Federal authority, for j
such authority already exists under j
the Constitution in amplest and most j
rar-reacnmg lorm: out u aoes mean ;
thac there should be an extension of :
? Federal activity. This is not advo- |
eating centralization. It Is merely j
lool.ing facts in the face, and realiz- |
ing that centralization in business j
has already ronio and can not be
avoided or undone, and that the pub- j
lice at large can only protect itself
from certain evil effects of this busies*
centralization by providing bet-,
ter methods for the exercise of con- '
trol through the authority already
centralized in the National Government
by the Constitution itself.
There must be no halt in the healthy
constructive course of action which
this Nation has elected to pursue, and j
has steadily pursued, during the last :
six years, as phov/n both in ths legis- '
lation of the Congress and the administration
of the law by the Department
of Justice. The most vital
X-'cminlae Notes.
' At Sun Francisco Mrs. Whilelaw |
Reid Is building a maternity hospital.
I
Creditors petition to have Mrs. Leslie
Carter Tayne, the actress, declared
a bankrupt.
Professor Earl Barnes tells the
Mothers' Congress that bachelorhood
tends toward criminality.
The presence of Queen Alexandra
In London, toge-:her with the Qiieens
of Norway and Spain, added &reat
zci't to t'.io season.
Three-fourths of liic articles ex- '
ported from Japan are produced by
female labor. (
The home where* was supposed to
have lived Marguerite Gautier. the
heroine of "La Dame au.-: Camelias,"
has been razed. !
The Marquess of Ailsa is an enthusiastic
f.oricukurlst, and at Culzeau
castl-?, Ayrshire, has managed '
to grow flowcr3 which can be seen
r; c.here else in Scotland.
Mrs. Emma Reba Bailey, a lawyer
i? Birmingham, Ala., eallcd on President
Roosevelt to recommend her son
for the position oi Federal District
Judge.
need is in connection with the rail- ?
roads. As to these, in ray judgment I
there should now be either a national c
incorporation act or a law licensing t
railway companies to engage in inter- t
state commerce upon certain condi- c
tions. The law should be so framed r
as to give to the Interstate Com- \
merce Commission power to pass t
upon the future issue of securities, r
while, ample means should be pro- c
vided to enable the Commission, r
whenever in its judgment it. is neces- a
sary, to make a physical valuation of C
any railroad. As I stated in my Message
to the Congress a year ago, rail- c
roads should be given power to enter t
into agreements, subject to these g
agreements being made public in mi- t
nute detail and to the consent of the a
Interstate Commerce Commission be- t
ing first obtained. Until the Nation- c
al Government assumes proper con- a
/->f iiitorctnfo rnmmprcs. in the i
e.xercise of the authority it already a
possesses, it will be impossible v
either to give to or to get from i
the railroads full justice. The s
railroads and all other great corpor- r
ations will do well to recognize that f
this control must come; the only t)
question is as to what governmental t
body can most wisely exercise it. The e
courts will determine the limits t
within which the Federal authority fc
can exercise it. and there will still re- s
main ample work within each State r
for the railway commission of that e
State; and the National Interstate c
Commerce Commission will work in c
harmony with the several State com- t
missions, each within its own prov- t
ince, to achieve the desired end. n
Moreover, in my judgment there
should be additional legislation look- e
ing to the proper control of the great a
business concerns engaged in inter- t
state business, this control to be ex- b
ercised for their own benefit and t
prosperity no less than for the pro- t
tection of investors and of the gen- b
eral public. As I have repeatedly ii
said in Messages to the Congress and v
elsewhere, experience has definitely v
shown not merely the unwisdom but c
the futility of endeavoring to put a 1
stop to all business combinations', c
Mnriwn industrial conditions are
such that combination is not only a
necessary but inevitable. It is so in ?
the world of business just as it is so t
in the world of labor, and it is as n
idle to desire to put an end to all t
corporations, to all big combinations a
of capital, as to desire to put an end a
to combinations of labor. Corpora- p
tion and labor union alike have come f
to stay. Each if properly managed t
is a source of good and not evil, f
Whenever in either there is evil, it o
should be promptly held to account; t
but it should receive hearty encour- s
agement so long as it is properly v
managed. It is profoundly immoral e
to put or keep on the statute oooks n
a law, nominally in the interest of t
public morality, that really puts a p
premium upon public immorality by t
undertaking to forbid honest men v
from doing what must be done under c
modern business conditions, so that c
the law itself provides that its own s
infraction must be the condition pre- n
cedent upo<n business success. n
Then the President, after making ii
pertinent excerpts from his Message p
of last year, says:
The anti-trust law should not be t
repealed; but it should be made both d
more efficient and more in harmony o
with actual conditions. It should be t
so amended as to forbid only the e
kind o? combination which does harm 1
to the general public, such amend- v
ment to be accompanied by, or to be li
an incident of. a grant of supervisory u
power to the Government over these n
big concerns engaged in interstate v
business. This should be accompan- v
ied by provision for the compulsory Is
publication of accounts and the sub- o
jection of books and papers to "the ii
inspection of the Government officials, n
The anti-trust law should not pro- v
hibit combinations that do no injus- g
tice to the public, still less those the b
existence of which is on the whole of b
benefit to the public. But even if t
this feature of the law were abol- a
Ished, there would remain as an t
equally .objectionable feature the dif- T.
Acuity and delay now incident to its li
enforcement. The Government must b
now submit to irksome and repeated a
delay before obtaining a final decision ! li
of the courts upon proceedings insti- i n
tuted, and even a favorable decree
may mean an empty victory. More- t
over, to attempt to control these cor- t
porations by lawsuits means to impose
upon both the Department of c
Justice and the courts an impossible r
burden; it is not feasible to carry s
on more than a limited number of a
such suits. Such a lav/ to be really b
effective must of course be admiuis- i<
tered by an executive body, and not c
merely by means of lawstiits. The s
design should be to prevent the e
abuses incident to the creation of t
unhealthy and improper corubina- e
tions, instead of waiting until they b
are in existence, and then attempting P
to destroy them by civil or criminal b
proceedings.
A combination should not be tol- v
erated if it abuse the power acquired ' t
by combination to the public detri- j c
raent. No corporation or association I
of any kind -should be permitted to c
engage in foreign or interstate com- i!
merce that is formed for the purpose v
of, or whose operations create, a s
monopoly or general control of the 11
production, sale, or distribution of i
any one or more of the prime neces- | a
sities of life or articles of general use j o
and necessity. Such combinations are ! P
against public policy; they violate j e
the common law; the doors of the
courts are ciosea to tnose wno are i
parties to them, and I believe the a
Congress can close the channels of c
interstate commerce against them for I
its protection. The law should make P
its prohibitions and permissions as d
clear and definite as possible, leav- i b
ing the least possible room for arbi- s
trary action, or allegation of such ac- r
tion, on the part of the Executive, or , t
of divergent interpretations by the a
courts. Among the points to be aimed ( v
Brevities by Wire. ' '
American imports to China have ?
declined. ^
The official records for 19 0G show |
the lowest recorded birth rate in the 0
history of France. .
The Druce case is an absorbing c
topic in England, and at the hearings a
in the police court great throngs are
present. r
Many famous novels are in danger t
of being barred in the London schools 1
on the ground that they offsnd the t
true moral sens?. t
The French army has begun the
training of a corps of ambulance
dogs.
Dolls made by royal personages '
will be the feature of the Novelists'
Bazaar in London. I
J The Anglo-American Arctic expedi- \
tion-failed to find land in Beaufort
Sea, but another trip will be made. ?
In London the suffragettes are 1
greatly injuring their light for the
ballot for women by their violent '<
methods. i
The $50,000,000 issue of Panama
Canal bonds was found to be largely 1
oversubscribed when bids were opened 1
at the Treasury Department. ^
"<v
it should be the prohibition of unlealthy
competition, such as by renlering
service at an actual loss for
he purpose of crushing out competiion,
the prevention of inflation of
apital, and the'prohibition of a cor)oration'6
making exclusive trade
vith itself a condition of having any
,,A ^ ifrtAlP T? /\nortnftl\l A O O'f no.
iauc WIUI UDCU. iicaouuauic
nents between, or combinations of,
orporations should be permitted,
>rovided they are iir3t submitted to
md approved by some appropriate
Jovernment body.
The Congress has the power to
harter corporations to engage in inerstate
and foreign commerce, and a
;eneral law can be enacted under the
trovisions of which existing corporitions
could take out Federal cliarers
and new Federal corporations
ould be created. Provision should
.lso be made for complete publicity
n all matters affecting the public
ind complete protection to the inesting
public and the shareholders
n the matter of issuing corporate
ecurities. If an incorporation law is
lot deemed advisable, a license act
or big interstate corporations might
e enacted, or a combination of the
wo might be tried. The supervision
stablished might be analogous to
hat now exercised over national
ianks. At least, the anti-trust act
hould be - supplemented by specific
inhibitions of the methods which
xperience has shown have been of
nost service in enabling monopolistic
ombinations to crush out competiion.
The real owners of a corporaion
should be compelled to do busiiess
in their own name.
To confer upon the National Govrnment.
in connection with the
mendment I advocate in the antirust
law, power of supervision over
ig business concerns engaged in inerstate
commerce would benefit
hem as it has benefited the national
>anks. In the recent business crisis
t is noteworthy that the institutions
^hich failed were institutions which
rere not under the supervision and
ontrol of the National Government,
"hose which were under National
ontrol stood the test.
National control of the kind above
dvocated would be to the benefit of
very well managed railway. From
he standpoint of the public there is
;?ed for additional tracks, additional
erminals, and improvements in the
ctual handling of the railroads, and
,11 this as rapidly as possible. AmIe.
safe and spsedy transportation
acilities are even more necessary
han cheap transportation. Thereore
there is need for the investment
f money which will provide for all
hese things while at the same time
ecuring as far as is possible better
fages and shorter hours for their
mployes. Therefore while there
nust be just and reasonable regulaion
of rates we should be the first to
rotest against any arbitrary and unhinking
movement to cut them down
without the fullest and most careful
onsideration of all interests conerned
and of the actual needs of the
ituation. Only a special body of
len acting for the National Government
under authority conferred upon
b by the Congress is competent to
ass judgment on such a matter.
Those who fear, from any reason,
he extension of Federal activity will
o well to study the history not only
f the national banking act but of
he pure-food law, and notably the
neat inspection law recently enacted,
'he pure-food law was opposed so
iolently that its passage was deayed
for a decade; yet it has worked
nmixed and immediate good. The
neat inspection law was even more
iolently assailed; and the same men
.'ho now denounce the attitude of the
National Government in seeking to
versee and control the workings of
aterstate common carriers and busitess
concerns, then asserted that we
rere "uitereuiting and ruining a
reat American industry." Two years
i.ave not elapsed, and already it has
ecome evident that the great benefit
he law confers upon the public is
ccompanied by an equal benefit to
he reputable packing estaolishments.
'he latter are better off under the
aw than they were without it. The
onnfit *<-? {ntopvrol.A rnmmoii carriers
ud business concerns from the legisation
I advocate would be equally
narked.
The President urges on Congress
he need of immed'te attention to
he currency. He says:
We need a greater elasticity in our
urrency; provided, of course, that we
ecognize the even greater need of a
afe and secure currency. There must
lways be the most rigid examination
y the National authorities. Provisan
should be made foj- an emergency
urrency. The emergency issue
hould, of course, be made with an
ffective guaranty, and upon condiions
carefully prescribed by the Govrnment.
Such emergency issue must
e based on adequate securities aproved
by the Government, and must
e issued under a heavy tax.
After deploring the folly of those
fho indulge in reckless speculation,
hereby exposing the whole business
ommunity to panic and distress, the
'resident states that the income acount
of the Nation is in a most satsfactory
condition. The satisfactory
forking of the present tariff law. he
ays, hPo been chiefly responsible for
his excellent showing.
Nevertheless, there is an evident
nd constantlygrowing feeling among
ur people that the time is rapidly apiroaching
when our system of revnue
legislation must be revised.
This country is definitely comnitted
to the protective system and
,ny effort to uprcot it could not but
ause widespread industrial disaster,
a other words, the principle of the
iresent tariff lav; could not with wisom
be changed. The question should
ie approached purely from a business
tandpoint; both the time and the
nanner of the change being such as
o arouse the minimum of agitation
.nd disturbance in the business
vorld, and to give the least play for
LIIA13S CAPTURE FRENCHMEN.
rake Guns, Too, in Rnids Near Oudjda?30
Hours' Hard Fighting.
London.?Messages from Tangier
ind other points in Northern Africa
eport that the Beni Snassen and
itlier tribes attacked the French all
Jong the Algerian border
At several places overwhelming
lumbers compelled the French to rereat,
with the loss of several gun^.
Pwpntv soldiers were cantured by
lie enemy and there wore a considerable
number of other casualties.
Abnut Noted People.
John Burroughs terms Roosevelt
'the most vital man on the planet."
Mr. Richard Croker will leave Ireand
for Cairo, Egypt, to spend the
vinter.
Moncure D. Conway, the American
luthor. minister and lecturer, died
u Paris.
Count Okuma, leader of the Japanese
Progressives, is the enfant terible
of the Mikado's household.
The story is current that William
^linn, of Pittsburg, has said he'll be
Jnited States Senator from Pennsylvania
if it costs him $2,000,000.
selfish and factional motives. The- I
sole consideration should be to see 1
that the sum total of changes repre- ?
sents the public good. This means ?
that the subject can not with wisdom 1
lie dealt with in the year preceding a f
Presidential election, because as a c
matter of fact experience has cod- 1
clusively shown that at such a time it c
is impossible to get men to treat it s
from the standpoint of the public ?
good. In my judgment the wise time 1
to deal with the matter is immediate- *
ly after such election. c
There should be no tariff on any 1
forest product grown in this country; 1
and, in especial, there should be no 1
tariff on wood pulp; due notice of the *
change being of course given to those \
engaged in the business so as to en- 1
able them to adjust themselves to the 1
new conditions. The repeal of the '
duty on wood pulp should if possible ?
1>/n v* o w T*r 11- v> t
i;c actuiupamcu uj aii a.f^ i cctucui unn
Canada that there shall be no export (
duty on Canadian pulp wood.
Reference is then made to the in- '
come tax and the inheritance tat.
In my judgment, writes the Presi- 5
dent, both of these taxes should be J
part of our system of Federal taxation.
I speak diffidently about the *
income tax because one scheme for 1
an income tax was declared unconsti- 1
tutional by the Supreme Court; while '
in addition it is a difficut tax to ad- I
minister in its practical working, and '
great care would have to be exer- '
cised to see that it was not evaded by '
the very men whom it was most de- '
sirable to have taxed, for if so evad- '
ed it would, of course, be worse-than '
no tax at all; as the least desirable '
of all taxes is the tax which bears 1
heavily upon the honest as compared
with the dishonest man. Neverthe- 1
less, a graduated income tax of the '
proper type would be a desirable fea- <
ture of Federal taxation, and it is to 1
be hoped that one may be devised 1
which the Supreme Court will de- <
clare constitutional. The inheritance (
tax, however, is both a far better '
method of taxation, and far more 1
important for the purpose of having <
the fortunes of the country bear in j
proportion to their increase in size a i
corresponding increase and burden 1
of taxation. The Government has *
the absolute right to decide as to the <
terms upon which a man shall receive
a bequest or devise from an- i
other, and this point in the devolu- i
tion of property is especially appro- i
priate for the imposition of a tax. i
Laws imposing such taxes have re- i
peatedly been placed upon the Na- i
tional statute books and as repeatedly
declared constitutional by the !
courts, and these laws contained the
progressive principle, that is, after a J
? ? J- 4-U*.
certain amoum is reaiucu t,uc request
or gift, in life or death, is in- <
creasingly burdened and the rate of i
taxation is increased in proportion :
to the remoteness of the man receiving
the bequest. These principles are
recognized already in the leading civ- i
ilized nations on the world. i
The tax should, if possible, be
made to bear more heavily upon
those residing without the country i
than within it. A heavy progressive
tat upon a very large fortune is in
no way such a tax upon thrift or industry
as a like tax would be on a
small fortune. No advantage comes
either to the country as a whole or
to the individuals inheriting the
money by permitting the transmission
in their entirety of the enormous
fortunes which would be affected by
such a tax.
We have not the slightest sympathy
with that socialistic idea which
would try to put laziness, thriftlessness
and inefficiency on a par with
industry, thrift and efficiency; which
would strive to break up not merely
private property, but what is far
more important, the home, the chief
prop upon which our whole civilization
stands. Such a theory, if ever
adopted, would mean the ruin of the
entire country?a ruin which would
bear heaviest upon the weakest, upon
those least able to shift for themselves.
But proposals for legislation
such as this herein advocated
are directly opposed to this class of
socialistic theories. There should be
conditions under which each man obtains
the chance to show the stuff
that is in him when compared with
his fellows.
Referring to the past loud complaints
that the law could not be inI
voked against wealthy offenders, the
I Message boasts that no such comj
plaint is heard now. The course of
the Department of Justice during
the last fev/ years has been such as
to make it evident that no man stands .
above the law, that no corporation is
so wealthy that it can not be held to
account. The Department of Justica
has been as prompt to proceed against
the wealthiest malefactor whose
crime was one of greed and cunning
as to proceed against the agitator
who incites to brutal violence. Both
the present condition of the law and
the present temper of juries render
it a task of extreme difficulty to get
at the real wrongdoer in any such
case, especially by imprisonment.
Yet it is from every standpoint far
preferable to punish the prime
offender by imprisonment rather than
to fine the corporation, with the attendant
damage to stockholders.
The two great evils in the execution
of our criminal laws to-day are
sentimentality and technicality. For
the latter the remedy must come
from the hands of the legislatures,
the courts and the lawyers. The
other must depend for its cure upon
the gradual growth of a sound pub
lie opinion.
On the subject of injunctions, Mr.
Roosevelt writes: I earnestly commend
to the attention of Congress
this matter, so that some way may
be devised which will limit the abuse
of injunctions and to protect those
rights which from time to time it
unwarrantably invades.
He further says that the number of
accidents to wage-workers in the mechanical,
manufacturing and transportation
operations of the day has
Telegraphic Ticks.
I t n Rnckfifeller. Jr.. addressing
I his Sunday-school class, in New York
City, praised the pleasure of getting
money.
J "The Stolypin necktie," a phrase
I used by an orator of the Constitu|
tional Democrats, precipitated a riot
! in the Russian Duma.
Baron Ishii said it will be uecessary
for Japan to prevent the emigration
of laborers to America altogether
to keep absolute faith with the
United States.
The Citizens' Gas Company, organized
to give Indianapolis sixty-ceut.
gas, bought a plant and made the
cheaper service assured.
Much criticism of the training of
the British forces has been aroused
by the exhibition of clumsy methods
1 in the late maneuvres.
t? tJovic- rlonlnrs n rim it that tile
, financial crisis in the United States
' has hurt the sale of objects of art.
San Francisco safety deposit companies
refused to rent boxes to prevent
hoarding money.
Prizes of $150,000 have been
offered for an aeroplane which will
' carry a man.
jecorae appalling. Congress Is urged
;o provide definite compensation for
iccidents to all workmen within the
icope of the Federal power. Worknen
should receive certain and
lefinite compensation for all acclients
in industry irrespective of negigence.
The employer is the agent
)f the public and on his own respon;ibility
and for his own profit he
;erves the public. When he starts in
notion agencies which create risks
'or others, he should take all the orlinary
and extraordinary risks involved:
and the risk he thus at the
noment assumes will ultimately be
issumed, as it ought to be, by the
general public. Only in this way can
he shock of the accident be diffused,
nstead of falling upon the man or
voman least able to bear it, as is now
he case. The community, at large
should share the burdens as well as
he benefits of industry. The Presllent
believes that "the general introluction
of the eight-hour day should
3e the goal toward which we should
steadily tend, and the Government
should set the example in this respect.
"
The previous recommendation ol
:he President for the compulsory investigation
of industrial disputes is
renewed. The President urges the
enactment of laws relating to the employment
of women and children. II
!s idle to hold that without good
laws evils such as child labor, as the
5ver-working of women, as the failjre
to protect employes from loss ol
ife or limb, can be effectively reached
my more than the evils of rebates
ind stock-watering can be reached
svithout good laws.
The Message devotes much spacf
to the farming industry and boasts
}f the usefulness of the Department
)f Agriculture. No growth of cities
no growth of wealth, says Mr. Roosevelt,
can make up for any loss it
3ither the number or the charactei
af the farming population. Aftei
urging that the farmers co-operat(
tvith one another and with the Gov
jrnment he suggests to Congress the
advisability of a national system o!
inspection and grading oi-grain en
tering into interstate and foreigr
commerce as a remedy for the pres
snt evils.
Next the Message discusses the
conservation of our natural resource:
and their proper use. Our grea1
river systems should be developed su
National water highways; the Mis
sissippi, with its tributaries, stand
ing first in importance, and the Col
umbia secdnd, although there are
many others of importance on th<
Pacific, the Atlantic and the Gul
3lopes.
From the great lakes to the moutl
3f the Mississippi there should be i
Jeep waterway, with deep waterway!
leading from it to the East and th<
West. Such a waterway would prac
tically mean the extension of oui
coast line into the very heart of oui
country. It would be of incalculabli
benefit to our people.
As an incident to creating tin
deep waterway down the Mississippi
the Government should build alonj
its whole lower length levees whicl
taken together with the control o
the head waters, will at once and for
ever put a complete stop to all threa
of floods in the immensely fertil
Delta region. Irrigation should bi
far more extensively developed thai
at present. It should go hand ii
hand with the reclamation of swam]
land.
Congress is urged to act upon th
recommandations of the Publi
Lands Commission designed to pre
vent the passage of great areas o
public lands into the hands of a fev
men. The Government should par
with its title only to the actua
home-maker, not to the profit-make
who does not care to make a home
The preservation of our forests is ad
vocated at great length, and th
country is congratulated on the fac
that ?o great progress has been made
We should acquire in the Appala
chian and White Mountain region
all the forest lands that it is possibl
to acquire for the use of the Nation
In my judgment, says the Pres
ident, the Government should hav
the right to keep the fee of the coal
oil and gas fields in its own posses
sion and to lease the rights to de
velop them under proper regulations
or else, if the Congress will not adop
this method, the coal deposits shouli
be sold under limitations, to conserve
them as public utilities, the right t<
mine coal being separated from thi
title to the soil. The regulation
should permit coal lands to b
worked in sufficient quantity by thi
several corporations.
The Mess ago continues with s
statement that work on the Panami
Canal is proceeding in a highly sat
isfaetory manner, with a recommen
datior. of a postal savings bank sys
tern and an extension of the parce
post, especially on the rural routes
in the interest of the farmer and tlv
country storekeeper, the small tow]
?- Ti A?
ana tne country district. it ia uc
sirable that the country merchan
shou'd not be crushed out, adds th
President.
The duty of the National Govern
ment to guard the personal an<
property rights of the Indians with
in the borders of Oklahoma remain
of course unchanged.
I reiterate my recommendations o
last year as regards Alaska. Som*
form of local self-government shoul*
be provided.
The President recommends th
fortifying of Hawaii and the deepen
ing of Pearl Harbor; he asks that th<
rights of citizenship be conferrei
upon the people cf Porto Rico; h<
strongly urges that Congress providi
funds for keeping up The .Hermitage
the home of Andrew Jackson; In
recommends that a naval monumen
be established in the Vicksburg Na
tional Park, that legislation shouli
i-.q at flip nresent session o
Congress for the Thirteenth Census
and a National Gallery of Art be <?s
tablished at Washington. The Message
Aunt Snlome Sellers
Becomes a D. A. R. at 107
Bangor. Me.?Aunt Salome Sellers
of Deer Isle, now in her 108th year
has just been ad milieu to member
ship in Deborah Sampson Chapter
D. A. R., at Campello, Mass., am
through the efforts of the chapter ii
bringing her case to the attentioi
of the proper officials she has beei
presented by the Government with i
gold spoon, valued at $50. Her nam
will be carved on one of thp marbl
columns of the Continental Hail
Washington.
At 30, Blind From iJirtli,
Hoskiiis is Mnile io Sec
Colorado Springs, Col.?Gale t
I-Toskins, aged fifty, who was bon
blind, has been blessed with sigh'. :t
an infirmary at Cleveland. Ohio.
Twenty years ago he married Mis
Lottie Hall, and he and his brid
came to Colorado. lie gained hi
sight somewhat suddenly, though i
was cxpected, otherwise Mrs. Hoskin
would have been at bis side when i
occurred, as he wanted first to se
I he face of his faithiul and belove!
couiDaoion,
asserts that the need for collecting
large campaign funds would vanish
if Congress provided an appropriation
for the proper and legitimate expenses
of each of the great national
parties, an appropriation ample
enough to meet the necessity for
thorough organization and machin
ery, wmcn requires a large expenditure
of money. Then the stipulation
should be made that no party receiving
campaign funds from the Treasury
should accept more than a fixed
amount from any individual subscriber
or donor, and the necessary publicity
for receipts and expenditures
! could without difficulty be provided.
The time has come, in ray judgment,
to set to work seriously to
make our ocean mail service correspond
more closcly with our recent
, commercial and political developi
ment. As the first step in that di.
rection, and the step most feasible at
. the present time, I reoommend the
extension of the ocean mail act of
1891. I believe it is the duty of a
' first-class Power so far as practica'
ble to carry its ocean mails under its
own flag; that the fast ocean steam.
ships, and their crews, required for
\ such mail service, are valuable auxiliaries
to the sea power of a nation.
' Referring to the army, the Message
[ says it has always been too small and
' underpaid. It has never been an ap[
preciable tax on the people. The
, cry against ' militarism" is con|
demned. There are not enough
i officers and it is impossible to secur.e
" enough enlisted men". The Message
J recommends that we should mainI
tain In peace a complete skeleton of
an army and a full msdical corps.
k Concerning the navy, the Message
; says it is not enough to build one batl
tleship a year. Four new battleships
?- Tvith rnnlinsr sta
cu e ICV/Uiumuuucu, it ???* 0
| tions and torpedo boats a-plenty. The
[ coast line on the Pacific demands as
, much attention as its interests re.
quire, and the battle fleet should now
; and then be moved to the Pacific.
. Then the Message continues: When
; the Isthmian Canal is built the transit
I of the battle fleet from one ocean
. to the other will be comparatively
j easy. Until it is built I earnestly
. hope that the battle fleet will be thus
shifted between the two oceans every
, year or two. The marksmanship on I
3 all our ships has improved phenoment
ally during the last five years. Until
3 within the last two or three years it
. was not possible to train a battle fleet
. in squadron maneuvers under service
. conditions, and it is only during these
, last two or three years that the train1
ing under these conditions has bef
come really effective. Another and
most necessary stride in advance is
j now being taken. The battle fleet
t is about startiag by the Straits of
3 Magellan to visit the Pacific coast.
> Sixteen battleships are going under
I the command of Rear-Admiral Evans,
r while eight armored cruisers and two
r other battleships will meet him at
3 San Francisco, whither certain torpedo
destroyers are also going. No
a fleet of such size has ever made such
* a voyage, and it will be of very great
r educational use to all engaged in it
I The only way by which to teach offif
cers and men how to handle the fleet
. so as to meet every possible strain
t and emergency in time of war is to
s have them practice under similar con3
ditions in time of peace. Moreover,
i the only way to find out our actual
i needs i3 to perform in time of peace
p whatever maneuvers might be necessary
in time of war. After war is de
oinrpri if. is too late to find out the
c needs; that means to invite disaster, j
. This trip to the Pacific will show what
f some of our needs are and will enable !
v us to provide for them. The proper
t place for an officer to learn his duty
1 is at sea, and the only way in which
r a navy can ever be made efficient is by
!. practice at sea, under .all the condi.
tions that would have to be met if
e war existed.
t In foreign affairs this country'3
i. steady policy is to behave toward
. other nations as a self-respecting man
s behaves toward other men. The work
e of The Hague Peace Conference iq
l. commended and arbitration approved.
"Cuba is at our doors," says tha
e Message. It is not possible to permit
I, Cuba to sink to her former condition,
i- The Message recommcnds accept
ance of the invitation of Japan to the
; exposition to be held at Tokio in
t April, 1912.
i A commission has been sent to Gers
many and the Message recommends
3 that the information it obtains should
e be used to prevent a tariff war with :
s Germany.
e The Message asks that the Presie
dent shall have authority to re-form 1
the agreement with China and to
a cancel the indemnity in excess of
a $11,655,492, nccessary for the actual
- indemnity to the United States and
- ; its citizens.
The Message recommends that this j
1 Nation should assist in the education j
i, of the Chinese people and receive 1
e Chinese students in the universities,
a The Message recommends that the i
- .cordial reception of the Secretary of
t State by the President of Mexico
e should be reciprocated and no pains
spared to manifest a friendly feeling
- toward the people of our southern j
i neighbors.
After commanding the Internas
tional Bureau of American Republics,
the Message concludes as follows:
f That institution, which includes all
e tho American Republics in its mem1
bership and brings all their representatives
together, is doing a really
s valuable work in informing the peo- j
- pie of the United States about the
3 other Republics and in making the
1 United States known to them. Rs
e action is now limited by appropria5
tions determined when it was doing
>, a work on a much smaller scale and
a?t ? ~v. 1 "olnohlo corvipo
c renaermg mutu ic^o ycnum/.v,
t I recommend that the contribution
- of this Government to the expenses
1 of the Bureru be made commensurate"
f with its increased work. v
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
The White House.,~~~*
e December Z-, 1907.
People in the Spot Light.
' j William J. Bryan said lie believed
| the Government, not the'' banks,
I should issue emergency currency.
John B. .Taclcson, American Minis;
ter to Persia, arrived at Tiflis.
1 Bernard Hantzsch.a Dresden teach1
er, will spend four years with the
x heathen jiscjuimaus and explore
a Baflin Land.
e ITerr Bebel, tlie Socialist leader,
ij declared during fhe budget ciir.cussion
in the Reichstag I hat a crisis was at
hand in Germany.
A movement was started in Chicago
to l>oom Governor Denecn, of Illinois,
as a Vice-Presidential candidate, with
Governor Hughes aa candidate for
* * ?- 1 l\ A O
i'resiaens. iu uvo.
The Kirn and Queen o? Spain have
r* been the quests of t.l\o Duke of Portt
land at Yv'elbeck Abbey.
J. T). Rockefeller heard his phi' " *
p thropy praised ??y Dr. Akcd in the
; pulpit 01 the Fifth Avenue Baptist
^ Church, Nov/ York City.
s Ambassador Reiil, Field Marshal
t While, I.ord Justice MouUm and Sir
0 George Coldic sp^ke nt (be Thanksj
giving dinuer o? the. Amc icrai Society
in London.
M
4
SyrupsffTgs
^Llixirrf'Senna
Cleanses the System Effectually.
Dispels Colas and rleadr A
r??A\nnt:nn.
UCII^d UlAV IU *.JUIWliPunui?i
Acts naturally, acts Truly as
aLaxafive.
Best forMenW)mon and Childrea
-youn gand Old.
To getjtfsTBeneficia I Ejects*
Atwavs buy the ( jenulne which
has ihe jull name ojthe Com^CALIFORNIA
Fig Syrup Co.
by worn it is manufactured. printed on the
front ofeve?> packrfge.
SOLD STALL LEADING .DRUGGISTS,
one size only, regular price 50*pv boHle.,
The Haitian Railway. . j
The acting British Consul-General
at Haiti reports that the Government j
of Haiti has ceded to the Compagnie ~
Nationale des Chemins de Fer d'Haitf.
the railway already existing from
Cape Haiti to Grande Riviere. This
line is to be extended to Hinche, and
thcnce to Port-an-Prince with a
branch to Arcahie. It will be connected
with the line which the same
company is about to construct from
Gonaives to Hinche.?Engineer.
In Japan the men outnumber the women.
The ratio there is 9S0 in 1000.
fc'ITS, St: Vitus' Danc<^ Nervous Diseases permanently
cured by Dr. Kline's Great Nerve
Restorer. 82 trial bottie and treatise free.
Dr. H. II. Ivline, Ld.,931 Arch St.,Phila.,Pa.
The folding envelope was first used in .
1839. ?|
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup forCbildren
teething, softens the gums, reduces inflammation,allays
pain, cures wind colic, 25c a bottle
The wings of a fly in flight move 350
times a second. I
Itch cured in 30 minutes by Woolford'e /$'
Sanitary Lotion. Never fails. At druggists.
Billiards were invented in France in
1471.
SORES AS BIG AS PENNIES.
v-C
*
Whole Head and Neck Covered?Hair?
All Came Out?Suffered 6 Months
?Cured in 3 Weeks by Cuticura.
"After having the measles my whole
head and neck were covered with scaly ^
sores about as large as a penny. They
were just as thick as they could be. My
haiiy all came out. 1 let the trouble ran
along, taking the doctor's blood remedies
and rubbing on salve, but it did not seem
to get any better. It stayed that way for
about six months; then I got a set of the
Cuticura Remedies, and in about a week I
noticed a big difference, and in three weeks ,
it was well entirely and I have not had the
trouble any more, and as this was seven
years ago, I consider myself cured. Mrs. "
Henry Porter, Albion, Neb., Aug. 25, '06."
,
In Danger.
"Off for a two weeks' prowl in the
woods, eh?" said the first guide.
"Well, the boys in camp will miB8
you, Petey."
"Thanks," replied the second
guide, grimly. "I hope this amateur
hunter from the city will do the
same."?Chicago News.
State of Ohio, City or Toledo, i __
Lucas County, J
Frank J. Cheney makes oath that be is &
senior partner of the tirra of F.J.Cheney & . ^
Co., doing business in the City of Toledo.
County and State aforesaid, and that said __
firm will pay thesum of one hundred doi>
LAns for each and every case of catarrh
that cannot be cured by the use of Uall'0
Catarrh Cure. 1?rank J. Cheney.
Sworn to before me and subscribed in my
presence, this 6th day of December, A. D.,
1S86. A. W. CiLEASON.
I seal.) .Notary Public.,
iall'g Ca tarrh Cure is taken internally, and
acts directly on the blood and mucous sur<
faces of the system. Send for teatimonial8|
free. F. J. Cheney & Co., Toledo, O.
Sold bv all Druggists, 75c.
Take Hall's Family Pills for constipation.
Economy. \ ^
Economy Is the science of buying a
$2 hat for $3.75 when a .good nnp
be had for $4. It is a-harmless and
fascinating pursuit for those who can
afford it, but a poor man has no business
to fritter away his time and Bubstance
on such extra vagances.'v A
Women are particularly addicted to
it. and often become so skilful that ^
they are able to get through January 'M
without encroaching on their April ai- J
lowance. I
Men who have such wives are na- K
turally very proud of them, and are j
willing to redouble their efforts, if |
necessary, in ordeui. to provide them I
with the means to develop the habit. /M
PROOF As TWO CENTS. ! M
If You Sid^r With rourKidn^WM!^"^B
Write to Tiiis Man. M
G. y. Winney, Medina, N. Y., invites^idney
sufferers to write to him. I
To all who enclose I
postage he will re- 1
- f. /-ft ply, telling how I
'rl Doan's Kidney Pills {
t cured him after he
had doctored and
had been in two different
hospitals for
eighteen months.
Buffering intense
pain to- the back,
lameness, twinges
yhen stooping or
lifting, languor, dizzy spells and rheumatism.
"Before I used Doan's Kid- v
ney Pills," says Mr. Winney, "I
weighed 143. After taking 10 or 12
boxes I weighed 162 and was completely
cured."
Sold by all dealers. 50 cents a box.
Foster-Milburn Co., Buffalo, N. Y. .
The Queerest of Trades.
The glass eye comes from Thurin- i
gia. As Newfoundlanders are fisher-,jB
men, or as Cubans are tobacco grow^*" I
ers, so the typical Thuringlan is a I
maker of glass eyes. Almost every I
Thuringian house is a little eye fac- I
tory. Four men sit at a table, eacb fl
with a gas jet beforo him. and tha M
eyes are blown from plates and molch flj
ed into shape by hand. The colort
are traced in with small needles Ar.d, B
as na set rule Is observed to the^fl
coloring, no two eyes are exc\ctly^H
i alike.?Good Literature. B
J