The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, April 13, 1904, Image 7
r
1"-V ;
EARLY
ARMORCLADS.
gf ^ if In ^ 7> 4
BY MAJOR C. FIELD, CLENMORE,
ENGLAND.
LTHOUGH armorclad ships
j| _ are generally considered
O Z1 O to date only from the midX
K die of the last century, according
to a high authority,
armor, in the general extended use of
the word, has been used for the protection
of ships for hundreds, nay
thousands, of years. Not. of course,
nickel-steel or even iron armor, but a
protective covering of various materials;
for as the warriors of the past
wore steel, iron, brass, leather, ami
even quilted cotton armor, so have
ships been protected by a variety of
different substances. The modern
word "cuirass." which we apply solely
to body armor as worn by the Life
Guards, and which is of French derivation,
is used also in France for the
armor of a battleship and reminds one
at ouce that armor was originally made
of leather or "cuir."
As with men so with ships. The
ships of the ancient Greeks and Romans
were often fortified with a thick
rence or niaes, wuicu serveu irpci
the missiles of their enemies and afford
protection to their own crews.
Hides, possibly brass and iron, and
. certainly thick timber, entered into
the construction of the turrets and
towers with which the fighting ships
of ancient and medieval times were
fitted, especially when used for harbor
defense, as in tue Venetian turret ship
of the ninth century here illustrated.
Felt made an early appearance as a defensive
armor ou shipboard, as we
find that in a sea fight off Palermo in
1071 between the Normans and Saracens,
the former hung their galleys
With this material by way of a defensive
cuirass. The Norman knights
had probably adopted this device from
their enemies, for felt had been used
for some time for this purpose on board
the huge "dromons" of the Saracens.
These, the "battleships" of those days
ia the Mediterranean, usually rowed
fifly oars a side, each oar being
manned by two men. so that here we
have a couple of hundred seamen accounted
for at once. When the soldiers.
Bail trimmers, and artificers who
. worked the war engines and siphons
for Greek fire are added, it is evident
that the crew must have been very
Jarge, and have required a ship of
considerable dimensions. These great
rwarships were armored with woolen
cloth soaked in vinegar to render it
fireproof, and hung with mantlets of
red and yellow felt. ?o that their cuirass
was not only useful, but ornamental
as well. At this period, and for
many hundreds of years later, additional
protection was afforded to those
ou deck by the ranging of the bucklers
aud shields of the warriors on board
alons the gunwales. Later, m tue nrteenth
and sixteenth centuries, special
"pavesades." or bulwarks, were provided
in lieu, composed of large oblong
shields supplied for the purpose.
la addition to felt. tbe time-honored
leather armor also entered into the defensive
panoply of the "dromons."
j and in the war of the Sicilian Vespers.
Pedro III. of Aragon. who commenced
THE FIB8X IRON CLAI>, "FINIS BELLI."
bis reign in 1276. covered two of the
largest ships of his deet with leather
before sending it against Charles of
'Anjou.
These, by th* tray, were uot the first
*leatherclads." Wo have already seen
that leather, probably in the fonu of
rawhides, formed a portion of the armor
of the Saracen dromons, while
Conrad of Montferrat. at the siege of
Tyre, in 1187. either invented or at all
events caused a special class of leatli
lu'vurcuru ?r^?cia i?/ ui- uuui, v> uau
twere called "barbotes" or "duckbacks."
They would now probably be called
"turtlebacks." They would appear to
have been small craft covered with a
' strong leather protected domed roof,
through portholes or openings in which
the arch?rs and cros^bowmen could
fire without exposing themselves. They
proved very effective against the Saracens,
and in 1218 the entrance of the
Nile was forced by seventy of these
little araiorclads.
But in the meantime the Saracens
t
l f
,1
? -i ': '!%
FULTON'S "DKMULO'iOS." OF 1S15.
Beera to have '"gone one better" in the 1
evolution of arruor protection, for it j
is said that ti;-? "(Jr?at Dromon"?!
iwhose capture by Richara Lion-IIeart j
Is still commemorated by tli? stars and j
crescent in the arms of our greatest
naval port?was equipped with leaden
armor. This was in 1191. and probab^
!1rr nanrl fnr nrn
I,Y itruu uixa.-jiuimnj ?.v..
tective purposes throughout the next
two or three centuries, although there
is no record of any ship so protected
until 1530.
In this year the Knights of St. John,
those sworn opponents of the Turk,
built one or perhaps two 4,leadclads."
At any rate, one accouut says that they
built such a ship in this year at Malta,
while another describes a ship of this
kiud called th<? "Santa Anna."
|
THE SPANISH FLOATING BAT 1
launched at NJce in the same year. The
Santa Anna's leaden armor plates were
attached to her sides by bolts of brass,
and it was claimed for her that she
could "resist the artillery of a whole
army." and at the same time could
sail or row as fast as auy of her unarmored
contemporaries. She was a
big ship, with six decks, a receptiou
saloon, a chapel, a specially constructed
powder magazine; and a bakery.
She was present at the taking of Tunis
in 1335. and played au important part
in its capture.
Lead, it may be reinaruea in passing,
was not infrequently used at this period
for sheathing ships under water,
in the same way that copper is still
found so useful. Thus, the French
ship Grande-Francoise, launched in
1527, one of the largest and most famous
ships of her day. was sheathed
with lead from her keel to the first
wale above her waterline.
According to a short paragraph in
Hayden's Dictionary of Dates, "chain
netting of iron was suspended to the
sides of men-of-war. which were also
strengthened by plates in the time of
Henry VIII. and Elizabeth." No authority
is quoted, nor is the material
of the "plates" specified.
The Spaniards attempted to protect
an. riTiyffgry.Mrv *>?<?>.? <? 'tvy?<<WM01<1M<W> ?
WJm Wv
i 1 |t| * | ; J
AN' ENGLISH GALLEY OF THE TIME OF
HENRY VIII.
their galloons of the Invincible Armada
by building their sides four or five
feet thick, but the heavy English guns
"lashed them through and through."
But now at last we arrive at a real ar
mored ship in the present day acceptance
of the word. Not only an armorclad,
but a real ironclad. This was
constructed in Antwerp in 1383, with
a view of breaking through the lines
of the Spanish army under Alexander
of Parma, which was at that time
closely investing the city. It was a
large tiat-bottomed craft, with a central
casemate or battery built of thick
balks of timber and plated with iron.
It was intended to be, and very likely
was. impenetrable to any artillery that
the Spaniards could bring against it:
and ia hopeful anticipation that their
ironclad ship would raise the siege
and put an end to hostilities, the men
of Antwerp christened her the Finis
Belli. In addition to a heavy battery
of guns, the Finis Belli carried a large
body of musketeers, some of whom
were stationed aloft in her four fighting
tops, while the rest were well protected
by the loopholed bulwarks on
the upper deck. Unluckily for the besieged
Dutchmen, she ran azround be
fore she had effected anything at all,
and fell into the hands of the Spaniards,
who nicknamed her the C:iranjamula,
or as we would say, '"Bogey."
They contrived to keep her afloat and
brought her down to the camp of Alexander
of Parma. where she became a
great attraction*to the sightseers of
the period. As for the Dutchmen in
the doomed city, they henceforward
only referred to (heir fruitless experiment
as the "Perditae Expeosae." or
' Wasted Money." Ten years previous
to this, others of the Dutch patriots
had built a somewhat similar contrivance.
which very possibly was also armored.
This was the "Ark of Delft,"
a twin vessel supporting a floating
fortress, which was propelled by three
I ' ' '
'
k**;' * i Vv1'.*
bkCbiiMiiiSlhMaMi^MMMna
THE EIItST STEAM WAR VESSEL.
band-worked paddle wheels pisiced between
the two hulls.
it is a curious uui we;i ?nown i;ici
that if we go to the far East, we can
hud a parallel to almost any western
invention. It is therefore not astonishing
to find that the Japanese possessed
a paddle propelled armorelad
in the year 11500. This quaint craft,
like the old leatherclad "barbotes" of
the twelfth ceutury. was turtle
baelied. witu ports ior arms iruui. oue
was covered with iron and capper
plates fitted together like the cells of
a honeycomb, mounted ten guns, and
like the Ark of Delft, was moved by
a central paddlewheel. Though there
is no record of any more ironclad ships
before the nineteenth century, our own
navy, at auy rate, used various de
:eries before Gibraltar.
vices to protect its ships in the eighteenth.
According to n French writer,
the sailors of his country were astonished
at the perfection to which the
English had attained in this direction.
"Old cables," he writes, "held in place
bv nieces of iron, barricaded the whole
length of the bulwarks; mantlets of
old rope hung over the ship's sides to
diminish the shock of our cannon balls,
and beneath a thick rope netting,
stretched from poop to bowsprit, the
English fou?ht under shelter, maneuvring
without ceasing out of musket
range, so as to riddle our detachments
of fusileers with their cauuou shot? So
V.
f -ts - xi
TURRET SHIP USED IV THE DEFENCE
OF VENICE. NINTH CENTURY.
we lost 200 men for er-ery thirty of the
English put out of action."
This system of armoring was. however,
soon adopted by the French, as
in Lescallier's "Vocabulaire des
Termes de Marine Anglois et Francois,"
published in 1777. we liud the
following:
" 'Blinder un vaisseau,' to cover the
ship's side with fenders of old cablea
to preserve her from an enemy's shot,
when employed to defend a harbor,
etc."
The Spaniards endeavored to Improve
on this, and in 17S2 hoped great
things from the celebrated floating batteries
emplo/ed at the great siege of
Gibraltar by the Duke de Crillon.
The fate of these experimental armorciads
offered no inducement to the
naval constructors of the day to make
further researches in the direction of
protection, so that till comparatively
recent times we fiinl our sailors depending
only ou their "wooden walls"
to resist the projectiles of the enemy.
In the tight between the Glatton,
fifty-six-gun ship, and four French frigates,
a brig, and a cuttc*. mounting
220 guns between them, their twelve
and twenty-four pounders failed to
penetrate her sides, and she beat them
all off with great loss at the cost o?
one officer and one man wounded.
But the Americans, from the very
commencement of their existence as
a nation, set themselves to make improvements
in naval warfare. David
Bushnel! constructed a practical submarine
boat in 1773. Torpedoes were
used by him and others in the war
with this country, and for the purpose
of towing these contrivances alongside
our ships, they invented and built, in
1814, a paddie-propolled turtle-backed
boat lying low in the water and covered
with "half-inch iron plates, not
to be injured by shot."
About the sauie period the celebrated
inventor, Robert Fulton, who had already
constructed one or two submar
\ " """ '
A SEVENTEENTH CKMUi'.Y JABANi.SE
AUMOKCJjAD.
ine boats and various classes of tor
pecloes, built :i steam irignie wiih-u u<_called
the Deraologos," or "Voice of
the People." but which is sometimes
known as the Fulton I. This, the first
steam warship ever constructed, had
her sides no less than thirteen feet
thick of alternate layers of oak and
ash wood, a thickness absolutely impenetrable
by any gun then afiojit. In
1821) this vessel was blown up by accident,
and was succeeded in tha
American Navy by the Fulton II. a
ship which appears to have been protected
by some kind of iron armor.
Various proposals were made to use
iron plating to protect the sides of ships
of war from this time forward, but.
until the French constructed a nuui
* ? i ? ?
i uer oi armor-piaieu uauenes iui no-;
In the Crimean War, nothing practical
came of the suggestions of inventors.
Their success at the bombardment of
Kinburn demonstrated the value of
armor plating. England at once followed
suit with others of the same
kind, some of which are still doing
duty as hulks. Then came the French
La Gloire, the British Warrior, the
ironclads and monitors of the American
war. and henceforward the steady
evolution of the armored fighting ship,
which has provided us with the ma*
jectic battleships of the present day.?
, Scientific Am erica u.
y
STATIONARY
GARBAGE PAIL
Cannot Be Stolen, and Always "Out"
For the Collector.
Women have made comparatively
j few mechanical inventions, most of
f their inventive efforts being confined
' to wearing apparel, articles pertaining
to domestic economy, personal orna[
rnent or convenience. A St. Louis wo
man has been studying the possibilities
] of improvement in garbage pails with
j considerable advantage to the community.
A recent patent discloses the
result of her investigation, which is
both novel and practical. She proposes
a stationary garbage box. permanently
attached to the fence, whether this be
of the continuous wooden or iron railing
type. By this construction it is
hoped to avoid the annoyance incident
to the stealing or straying of the usual
portable pails. As shown in the illustration,
the bucket, or box, proposed
protrudes through the fence, with an
opening on the inner side for depositing
slop and an opening on the other
| side of the fence for the removal of
i slop by the garbage collector. The
i box is given a slant sufficient to perI
mit the liquids present to be retained,
instead of leaking out through the
I s
STATIONARY GARBAGE PAIL.
! openings, as would be the case were
! the box level. The garbage collector
removes the accumulations of refuse
I by means of a shovel. The greatest
I drawback to the device is that it does
I not possess accessibility for sterilizing
j from time to time, as is necessary for
its maintenance in an unoffending eonI
dition.
j
TENACIOUS HAIRPIN.
j Simple Expedient of Adding Extra Leg
Prevents Fa ling Out.
j A hairpin that will be cheap to manj
ufacture and which will possess some
j of the characteristics of the "hump"
I hook-and-eye has been the aspiration
j of many inventors. One of the latest
! attempts to solve this knotty probj
lem is illustrated herewith. It consists
| of a single piece of wire, bent to form
! three legs, instead of the customary
I two. The central leg is shorter than
. the other two. and has a corrugated
! and plain section, the latter near the
! extremity, and haviug a slight bow or
( hump. This construction gives a
smooth entry into the hair, as the
hairpin is pushed in, and the hairpin
I ' . *!*4
! I
L? " *
HAIP.P1X IMPROVEMENT,
! does not become locked, in place until
the liair strikes the corrugated or
twisted portion. A secondary advantage
of the design is that the hair, being
held securely?practically locked
in position?the hairpins can be made
of much lighter material, a great desideratum
from the wearer's point of
view. The inventor lays considerable
stress on'the fact that the pin can be
used just like the ordinary hairpin,
being pressed into and withdrawn
from the hair in the usual way. The
' elasticity in the shorter central leg
| adds very much to its effectiveness.
Marriage Service Blundem.
i A Hampshire clergyman relates some
! of the blunders he had heard made in
j the marriage services by persons of
; the class who have to pick up the
I words as best they can from hearing
j them repeated by others. He said that
* ti'fl c? milfa f)ia
' III 111* UWU JJUiiOU n nan ijunu i.u%.
J fashion for the mail when giving the
j ring to say to the woman, "With my
j body I thee wash up, and with all my
| hurdle goods I, thee, and thou." He
' said the women were generally better
i up in this part of the service than the
j men. One day, however, a bride star!
tied him by promising, in what she sup!
posed to be the language of the prayer
| book, to take her husband "to 'ave and
I to 'old from this day fortni't forbetterj
er horse, for richerer power, in sig!
gerness health, to love cherries, and
I to bay." What meaning this extraorI
dinary vow conveyed to tho woman's
| own mind, the incumbent said, it buf:
fled him to conjecture.
j Grizzly DoeKu't Care For Human Flerth.
In the old days, before the deadly
! magazine rifle was invented, bunting
the grizzly was a very different affair,
and .no animal on the American continent
was more dreaded, bis fierceness
and vital force when wounded filling
the most reckless hunters with a
1 wholesome dread. It wat not at ail
I unusual for a grizzly with a bullet
| through bis heart to pursue and tear to
I pieces the hunter, whose long single!
barrelled muzzle-loading rifle, with its
one round lead bullet, was altogether
j inadequate for such a contest. It is a
j strange thing, too, that while the griz
IZiy UCUi IS nil UlUliM UlUU^ ICCUCl, 1! > ILig
on anything froiu roots and nuts to
steer and buffalo meat, he has never
been known to devour humau tlesb.St.
Nicholas.
Less thin seven per cent, of the power
used in manufacturing plants in the
United States is iectric.
"
SlINOB EVENTSOFTHE1VEEK
WASHINGTON ITEMS.
The Chinese Exclusion treaty expires
I this year, and the Government of Chimi
I i :i- 4-^ Kq
I u;i? given uuLiire IUUL IL ID uwt iu
i renewed. Minister Chentung is enI
gaged with Secretary Hay in the preparation
of a new treaty, which will he
on more liberal terms than the old.
Representative Dayton, of West Virginia,
introduced a bill allowing two
mouths' extra pay to enlisted men of
the Navy who served" outside tlie
j United States during the war with
! Spain, and one month extra to those
who served withiu the United States
during that time.
The condition of Mrs. Nelson A. '
Miles, who was dangerously ill, is con- j
siderably improved.
The President has granted pardons
to two Filipinos, Arturo Echelar and 1
Elias Mendoza, who were convicted before
a military commission of the murder
of a native corporal of police. I
W. T, Nichols has been promoted by
the President to be Secretary'of Ari- 1
j zona to succeed Isaac T. Stoddard.
I Mr. Nichols is Chairman of the Terri!
torial Republican organization of Arl- 1
! zona.
; The Senate in executive session con
firmed the nomination of Charles H.
Robb, to be Assistant Attorney General
in the Department of Justice.
OUR ADOPTED ISLANDS.
The datto Hansen, who wounded
Major H. L. Scott during an engagement
in Sulu in November last, has
been killed by pursuing troops. All
I the other dattos aided the troops in
j locating Hassen.
The second biennial Legislative AsI
sembly of Puerto Rico closed a somewhat
uneventful sixty days' session
three days ago. The budget will stand
for 1904-1903 about the same as for the
present fiscal year, $1,200,000.
Ladrones attacked a surveying party
ten miles north of Calamba, iu the
I Philippines. A. S. Perkins, who was
I in charge of the surveying party, was
I wounded, and one private of the constabulary
was killed and one wounded.
The Philippine Government has attached
the funds and revenue license
of the Uuion Surety and Guarantee
Company, of Philadelphia, at Manila,
owing to its failure to pay the bond of .
former Treasurer Bartlett Sinclair, of
Rizal Province, whose accounts were
short.
General Leonard Wood reports from
Mindanao that he captured without
loss the extensive works and fifty-one
cannon of Datto Ali, who was defying
the slavery law in the Cotabato district.
Samuel Gompers, President of the
American Federation of Labor, sailed,
from San Juan, Porto Rico, on the
Coamo.
DOMESTIC.
Mayor Rose, of Milwaukee. Wis., for
a fourth time, was nominated by the
Democrats to head the city ticket.
The warehouse of the Deeriug Harvesting
Machine , Company, at St
Louis, Mo., stored with farm machinery
and twine, was destroyed by tire,
with a loss of $130,000.
Seven persons crossing the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad near Wilsonburg,
W. Va.. were run down and three of |
them were killed, one other being ;
fatally hurt.
After trying for several days to get
ail audience with Governor Peabody.
the miners expelled from Telluride
have abandoned their appeal to him
and will return home under armed
escort.
William E. Chandler, a barber, en
tered the telephone exchange whe
his wife was employed at Temple, |
Texa3, and shot ner to death. He then i
! shot and killed William McLaughlin, j
manager of the exchange.
After twenty years of vain searching i
for gold, from British Columbia to
Mexico, and just shortly after he had
1 discovered a mine which was sold for
I $000,000, Edward M. Sturgeon died
j suddenly at El Paso, Texas.
fire at San Angelo, Texas, destroyed
business property valued at $200,000.
The hotel was fiiled with guests, but
all escaped safely.
Two earthquake shocks were felt at
Seattle, Wash., the first of five seconds
and the second of fifteen seconds' dura- !
Hnn TMift rlhraHnn rntMpH (listing :ind '
moved chairs.
In a furious storm enough sr.ow fell
to make the total for the winter break
all previous records in Chicago. The
season several weeks ago was officially j
declared the coldest ever known there, j
Emil Waltz, who has oeen on trial
for six weeks on the charge of murdering
four-year-old Alphonse Weirns,
was found guilty at Detroit, Mich.
The police claim that Waltz was connected
with a similar murder of a boy
in Rockford, 111.
A Vermont jury awarded Claude R. j
George, a student at Montpelier Sem- [
inary, $1000 for physical discomfort j
and injury, which he received with a j
coat of tar and feathers. He was the I
victim of hazing in 1903.
FOREIGN.
The bubonic plague has been dis- j
covered in the Indian coolie section at |
Johannesburg. South Africa. Thirty j
deaths have occurred since Thursday, j
It was at first supposed the outbreak ,
was one of pneumonia, but the nature '
of the disease is now officially ad- '
mitted. . |
A dynamite infernal machine was ex- |
ploded outside the house of the Com- |
niissioner of Police, at Liege, Belgium. .
S^vt'ri men were injured, four of them I
seriously.
Astronomer Wolff of the Koenigsstuhl
Observatory, near Heidelberg.
! Germany, has discovered by means of
! photography two new small planets,
which belong respectively to the
twelve .and twelve ami a half orders I
of brilliancy.
Lord Curzon of Kedleston. the Vice- j
roy of India, will sail from Bombay j
homeward bound on a holiday trip, |
April 3.
Mine. Therese Humbert has notified
the French I'arliamontary Investigating
Committee that she prefers to
maintain silence regarding her vague
threats to expose many high officials.
The Kaiser arrived at Gibraltar and
received General Sir George White, t
tne coininauuuiu. xut\v uau luucucoii
together.
The House of I,onls and the House
of Commons debated motions censuring
the Government for admitting Chinese
into South Africa. In the House
of Lords the division stood for the ;
motion and !)7 asaiust it. while in tha
House of Commons the vote was 24 iu
favor to 209 against.
The Minister of Public rorks has petitioned
the Spanish Parliament for
funds sufficient to send 100 workiugmeu
employed in various trades to
America for two rears' training.
> - ... * Tj* *7
WESTERN MAILROBBERIES
Operators in Two Big- Raids Obtain
More Than $50,000.
?*1?f ?X onl HTn/la V?a? **!-?? TM n W M"/>
Where Pouches Laden With Paper
Worth 840,000 Were Taken
Washington, D. C.?The Postoffice
authorities are greatly concerned over
the operations of a gang of mail pouch
robbers now operating in tlie Middle
West Already the gang, in two daring
thefts, obtained more thau $30,000 iu
ca-sb, drafts, money orders and checks.
The first successful haul was reported
to the department on February 28.
On the preceding nigbt two mail
pouches, probably containing registered
matter, were stolen near Poplar
Bluff, Mo. No trace of the thieves has
seep gleaned. The pouches were routed
from Memphis to St. Louis, by way
af Hoxie, Ark., where a transfer is
made.
Postoffice inspectors who have been
at work upon the case report that the
pouches reached Poplar Bluff ail right,
but that 110 trace of them is obtainable
after they left that point. Soon complaints
of lost money orders and
checks, drafts and currency, began
to pour into the inspectors' office. It is
now known that over ?40,000 worth of
loot was secured in that raid.
Hard upon the heels of the robbery
at Poplar Bluffs came a report of a
like robbery at New Lisbon, Wis. The
gang operated in the same mysterious
manner, the first intimation of the loss
coming to the Washington authorities
in the shape of complaints from the
losers. Two pouches were abstracted,
and they were the richest in the car.
This last robbery is understood to have
occurred a week ago. So far about
$10,000 worth of currency and paper
has been reported missing.
These are not the only robberies in
which the gang has been concerned;
but in other cases they missed connection
and got comparatively little. It
is believed that employes of the department
are accomplices, abstracting
the pouches while in transit and tbrowing
them off th^trains to confederates.
In ordinary mail robberies the offenses
are committed on the same run,
and the detectives are able to discover
the thieves by a process of elimination.
But this gang seems to choose a different
route and a different section of the
West.
Postoffice inspectors in Washington
are reticent. Several of the best and
keenest operators in the Secret Service
of the department are now in Missouri
and Wisconsin, closely scrutinizing all
department employes connected with
the railroad mails and the transfer series
MAJOR BEAN SHOOTS HIMSELF.
Army Officer Who Conducted Cheap
Food Experiments a Suicide.
Omaha. Neb.?After calling to his
wife to play for him on the piano while
he was preparing some baggage for
his approaching departure fir the Philippines,
Major William H. Bean, chief
commissiary for the Department of
the Missouri, shot himself through the
temple and died instantly.
"Play something with a go in it."
he said; "something lively." She
struck up a march, and in the middle
of it the pistol shot startled the household.
So far as can be ascertained
the act was unpremeditated.
Major Bean was particularly distinguished
for his successful efforts
towards perfecteing the emergency
army ration. f:
He was forty-three years of age. a
graduate of West Point, and had been
" ffering from insomnia for several
ninths. His body was sent to his old
home at Chester, Pa., for interment.
22 LIVES LOST IN SHIP CRASH
iirfigusu vessel is &umc uy a uerman
Off Dublin Bay/
Dublin, Ireland.?The German bark
Mona met in collision with the English
ship Lady Cairns off Dublin Bay. The
Lady Cairns sank in a few minutes.
Her crew of twenty-two were drowned.
The Mona, badly damaged, was assisted
into Dublin harbor.
The Lady Cairns was a three-masted
iron sjfip of 1186 tons, comm.- xL by
Captain T. Evans, and was bound from
Liverpool for Timaru, New Zealand.
She was built in Belfast in 1869 and
was owned by L. Tulloch, of Swansea.
The Mona was commanded by Captain
Schwarting aud was last reported
at Ardrossan.
HOSTILE MORO LEADER KILLED.
Last of the Irreconeilables in the Island
of Jolo Shot on a Mountain.
Manila, P. I.?General Wood reports
that the allied dattos in the island of
Jolo drove the recalcitrant datto Pangliman
Hassan, the last of the hostile
lVfnrn frnm r?1 <1 0{\ mh/irn ha
bad been biding since bis defeat, near
Siet Lake. One of the dattos killed
two of Hassan's sons.
A detachment under Major Hugh
Scott of the Fourteenth Cavalry surrounded
Hassan on a mountain and
Hassan was killed. He was the promoter
of the troubles in the island of
Jolo.
Dowie Begins to Pay Up.
Creditors of John Alexander Dowie
have received the first installment of
their claims, according to an arrangement
made shortly after the receivership
piftceddings. Ten per cent, of
ihe claims was the first of four installmnnfc*
4-rv IA
Lunula iv uc ^/uiu. r iiiiucl pajLUfiii?
are planned as follows: June 12, 25
per cent.; Sept. 12, 25 per cent.; Dec.
12, 40 per cent.
Johannesburg Plague.
An outbreak of the bubonic plague
has occurred in the Indian coolie seetiou,
at Johannesburg. South Africa.
Killed in Bull Ring.
"Cucko," a celebrated matador, was
kilietl by a bull iu the amphitheatre at
Juarez, Mexico.
Assassinated in His Cab.
Albert Ferguson, a Imckmnn wis !
*hot. four men at Kansas City, Mo.
World's Fair Pointers.
The Belgian Building at the World's
Fair, one of the largest and handsomest
in the foreign section, is remarkable
in that the walls are not broken by
a singly window. The large structure
is well lighted by immense skylights
seventy-live feet above the floor.
A pack train of twenty-five horses.
With all nf llipir n/VfliitrompiUs will ho
one of the novelt.M at the World's
Pair. The unusual spectacle will bo
sent by citizens of Wyoming to mark
Wyoming I)aj\ The horses will all be
equipped as if ready to start ou the
trail. ..
An Et?oIdk Thought.
Softly, as when a mother's hand
Tuck# in her little ones at night,
The dackness folds the drowsy land, % " '$
And fades and fades the lingering lights) -v
On velvet slope and glimmering fell 1 ' J
The tender shadows rest like love,
And wheresoe'er God's children dwell
His peace is shed their lives above.
God's children! Bird upon the bough,
And lambkin lying on the hill,
And wild goat on the mountain's brow,
And eagle where the great winds thrill-> .f
And all the wayward, wandering ones,
The tribes of men, or near, or far;
J God .keeps the whole, 'neath stars or sun*
Where life is found God's children are.
If precious be the rocking nest
And guard He hath for hidden lair,
Are we not yet more truly blest,
i ^ And closer in His sleepless care? /
j So may we shut our eyes and sleep; *
fin mav \xra Knvo na frtrafc wif.h fp.ir?
The dear Christ stoops our soufs to keep,
As Christ's own life, our souls are dear. 3^
Lo! through the dusk I seem to see
The lifting of an awesome cross,
Where once He hung for you and rae
His ransom paying for our dross.
Lo; through the dusk I hear the song.
That never ceases where they stand
The countless glorious white-robed throng,
Who praise Him in Immanuel's land. ;'i
?Margaret E. Sangster, in The Interior, ^
The Word of Ood.
Charles Darwin, being asked, in his lafc*
fcer days, whether science supported the
Christian's faith in the being of God, re- . '
plied that science presented probabilities
both for and against it, and that the "de-1
siding vote" had to be given by each individual,
according to his personal make-up* ?
Neither the being of God nor the inspira- j
tion of Scripture, says the Chicago Inter- v
ior, can be proven as one proves a problem. 5j
I ill gcumcvi y, iilul ai iabiuv;iuauuu owiw
not with axioms, but with postulates: not |
with premises which it is impossible to
deny, but with assumptions which men o?
exemplary life are bound to accept. What
it is impossible to prove to a scoundrel, it '>,
is unnecessary to prove to a saint. Tha.
normal soul has its perceptions as truly *? the
normal body. You ao not need it to ,
demonstrate the beauty of the rainbow to
the unclouded eye, or the obligations of
rirtue to the heavenly mind.
To the Christian the word is a living
presence, from which he cannot escape. It
speaks to him with a voice exceeding in> :
authority that of any earthly state or soy*.
ereign. It restrains his passions, curbs his
appetites, moderates his conduct, forbida
indulgences and proffers satisfactions whicb
are most real and vital experiences. He '
may not be able to define inspiration, but*
he responds to it. He is not expert intf
ouestiori^of canonicity, but he knows the
flower by its honey. What, he is, the Bible
has made him. It found^iim in "the slippery
paths of youth." pursuing pleasure
as Addison says, "with heedless feet," ana
it arrested him, turned him about and
"brought him up to man."
He believes in the word of God, moreover,
because men he abhors do not believe *
in it. He knows it to be the word of God,
because the minions of the pit hate it. He
gives it the place of honor in his home be- %
cause it is kicked out of the saloon; he
sends it forth with his blessing because
the gambler curses it; he pillows his dying
head upon its promises because in every
age every son of Belial has hastened to 3
consign it to the flames. Against a faith
so founded waves of adverse criticism beat
in vain. The word of God rests not upon
tradition, but upon our hearts, ' . 'S
??? -** " ''v'jsS
Keeping: Fit.
Any one does his best work and does it
aoniltf t?fkAn Via ia nKirai/ialltf fif. fnr if
it therefore follows, says Wellspring, that
he should keep himself fit for it, so far as
he knows how, and there are very few who
do not know that over-rich food and eatI
ing, staying up late of nights, indulging in;
I sweets and smoking and drinking are sure
in a measure to unfit one for taxing duties.
Young people may be sure that they will
need all their physical resources to meet
the demands that will be made upon them,
j Some are so full of vitality now that they
are as careless of their health as some
| foolish people are with their money?scat!
tering right and left that which would be
' their stay later on. The editor does not
| think that one should always be anxiously
concerned over each little symptom he may
have; he only suggests that one should not
knowingly transgress the plain rules of
right living. When one is in good condition
it is easy to keep so; it is hard to recover
health when it has been lost. To enjoy
life, work hard, be abstemious in mere
pleasure eating, avoid dissipation, play vig!
orouslv when you can without slighting
your obligations.
There is such a thing, too, as keeping
morally fit for what one has to do. Tnere
are certain things which one cannot do
without a spiritual letting down. The soul
needs communion with God just as much
as a plant needs sunshine. Anything
which interrupts that communion should
be promptly put aside, if you would be
equal to the ethical emergencies which you
will have to meet. Here is one who readily
yields to temptation. Why? Because
he was net* in a spirit to resist it. If ?
great temptat m should - >me to you, are
you sure tfiat it would no. overcome you?
You may save yourself from awful shame
and disgrace by becoming morally fit to
cope with life's daily problems and then
keeping so.
i'oy That is Oars.
Dr. A. T. Pierson says regarding the joy
that is ours in the contemplation of eternal
life: "Do you know what eternal life is?
One of the grandest conceptions ever put
before the human soul is the idea of critical
life. It is much more than immortality.
which is by no means synonymous witu
eternal life. Eternal life has no beginning,
and it has no end. If you love God and
serve Him you shall partake of the eternal
I past of His being, as well as the eternal fuI
ture. Just as wlien you put a scion into a
I tree, the scion begins at once to get the
j benefit of all the past years of that tree'a
life, as well as its present vigor and power
j and fruitfulness, so if you are ingrafted
j into God all the eternal paot of God con|
tributes to your present security, your
I present strength and to j'our future victory
I and glory. Eternal life is bliss; eternal life
I is power; eternal life is glory; eternal life
' is holiness, none of which things are neces|
saiy in immortality."
Wit liout God.
T t-- ? " ...it-li i m in ivlin mi all I
J. niciy uc attgij ?? ?wi ...? ??- ?0?
I carve statues and punt pictures if he spent
I his life in making mock flowers out of wai
j and paper, but when a man who might
j have God for company shuts up and disowns
those very doors of his nature
| through which God can enter, and lives
without God. his loss is too dreadful to be
angry with. You merely mourn for him
and long and try to help liim if j-ou can.?
Phillips Brooks.
Life.
T> iive is more than tc make a living.-*
Ruin's Horn.
City of Batto on a Slide.
The city of Butte, Mont., which started
to slide down the mountain several years
.ago, has just made another move. That
part of tbe town between Montana and
Wyoming streets, east and west, a distance
of three blocks, and between Park
and Quartz streets, north and south, a
distance of throe blocks, has shown a decided
down-hill movement in the last two
days. A number of large buildings within.
*he territory show cracks, due to the
movement. The street railway tracks at
several places have been pulled apart for
several inches and the water mains on.
Wyoming 6treet have broken at several
places. Two years ago the western par^
o? the city was affected by a slide. 0
I .
^ . ..