Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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The Abbeville Press and Banner, j 1BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 11, 1899. ESTABLISHED'-IMJM H CRADLE OF SECESSION. One of the flout Remarkable DIMrlcl? V In America?Wtthln a Radlun ol K Thirty Mile* Aronnd AngnNta, Ga. Jhk Have Been Boru aud IS red Nom< K of (be StroniteMt Statemniui of tb< ! South ? Home* of Calhoun. Orr, Stephens, Robert Toombu, Howell Cobb, Preiton Brooks, nod Several Other Notablen.* By H. C. Middle ton. One of the most remarkable small areas or' country in tbe Union in respect of the large number of distinguished men that has been produced, everything considered, is that comprised in a circle of about thirty miles radius lying about the city of Auvus~ tlm riiafrinf I la, ua. xiif uculic ui Vuv .... fl would probably lie a few miles above J Augusta, up the "Savannah Valley." It is not a Congressional district, embracing counties in both Georgia and South. Carolina. It lies among a splendid ^ assemblage of productive ?. bills,* that rise with their granite . foundations, ironv-red clay subsoils, and well watered, grassy sides, above the monotonous sandy stretches going ^ out from 'Augusta to the sea. The district hi point does not include the 1 * ? of Augusta property, out, IS aimusi wholly, rural; the largest town in il to-day has only 10,000 inhabitants, and the next largest 2,000. Formerly the urban population was* much less As vte consider it, it is composed almost wholly of plantations. There are thickly popu ated districts, probably studded with towns, of as small ? > . general area in the Union that have k motbe^pd as many tall sons, but it ic [7 doubtful whether any other stretch 01 as rural territory can in such respeel I be compared with this. . Here have B . arisen open who have bad an earthis quake tread. It Is not intended tc I debate whether these men were righl or Wrong, or whether many of them K deserve the permanent title of great ft ness : but that upon this little real ' stage of life have been enacted scenes of great national "interest, by. strong men?scenes whose areas of interesi have stretched beyond the seas, anc whose afterclaps have shaken (thougti they have sometimes choebed) thit country, cannot be gainsaid. NAMES OF FAMOUS MEN. In -thia district were born, reared and here labored the following men John C. . Calhoun, who twice became Vice President, twice Secretary o War, once Secretary of State, and foi a long time a Senator; widely regard $d as the most robust character thai k baa ever risen up from the South t William Harris Crawford, who camc h' nearly being President in 1816, wai fry once Secretary of State, once ministei K : to France, and for a long time Sena tor}- Alexander H. Stephens, Vic( i- Treaident of the Confederacy, lonj, time a member of Congress and a mat k- of singular ability. Eobert Toombs tlie "Thunderer," whc was the leade. r of the Southern party with Jeffersor Davis during the period just preced &r : ingtbewar, and who, following th< X .elevation of Stephens to the peconc station in (he Confederacy, becanu the Confederate Secretary of State k Howell Cobb, wno was opeaser u I Coogre89 in 1849, at the age of 34 I- Secretary of the Treasury and Presi p dent of the Confederate Coustitutiona I Congress,* George Washington Craw i. ford. Secretary of State under Preai K,., dentr Tyler; Armhtead Burt, wh< yj'- served as Speaker in 1848, after tb ( retirement o^ Winthrop Prestoi ft Brooks; who won an unsavory nation it al reputation from his caning of Chai B les Sumner; Hersehel V. Johnson who was the Vice Presidential cand! H date of the Douglas ticket in 1860, an< Henry Grady, the oratorical, saint c t&6 fcjoutn. 11 IS LU? UIMi let tu-utt* v. V'1 Tom Watson and Ben Tillman, whc ft' whatever else be said of them, were K notwithstanding, tbe two most dre E matic and striking figures in tb B / Southern political field during th L national campaign of 1896. Watso B and Tillman of tbe present day ar K neighbors, one living twenty-eigfa miles in a westerly and the othe twenty-three miles in a northerly d ' reotion from Augusta. Tbe home ( p Watson is within twenty miles of th f old boine of Alexander Stephen ? The home or roomos m ouiy iweut g miles from the homes of Stephens an fetffc^Vatson. W. H. Crawford and Wa HLu were born ip^the. jjgqy0^ lived higher u HHffie valley and opposite and almost i Hfsight of Calhoun. Calhouu and Crav HTford (who could almost see each ott ~ er's backyard ""acros? the riya'eitB'er thetJPre^jdgf. 'might have ^^nified the goal. The birthplace of Calhoun is only forty mile^ from the home of Toombs, fifty from those of Stephens and Watson, and forty from that of Tillman, along the arc of a circle. Burt was born in Tillman's Countv. and Preston Brooks lived ;l within a few miles of Tillman's home. ; the greatest name was omitted. Note by the Press and Banner: The author of this interesting article, either by desUn or accident, failed to mention the name of James L. Qrr, who towered a long ways above some of the names which be mentioned Above.' James L. Orr was one of the ablest as well as one of the most popular men of his day. His honesty of purpose was only equalled: by his courage to do the right as he saw it. Although the South had inccurred the displeasure of the North, yet Col. Orr was Speaker of the House of Representatives when the war broke out. His bust was] placed in one oi the niches in the capitol but which was removed after he cast his lot with his own people in their struggle for independence. He was a member of the Senate of the Confederacy, and >??i nns nf two Senators who voted foi the integrity of the Government in * keeping faith with citizens who had j hired substitutes in the army. Aftei ( the war he was Circuit Judge, and was . Governor of the State of South Caro Una for one term, when President jv ' Grant gave him the appointment ol United States Miuister to St. Petersburg, where he died. OTHER NOTED STATESMAN. c r Besides the names of those enumer-'. , ated, all of whom have undoubtedly ' j ploughed deep furrows in their counJti-u'm others of secondary impor , tance or Jess prominence, but wej] I known to the student of history, who I have come from this district are Francis Wilkinson Pickens, who was United States minister to Russia from ]8o0 to 1860, and who was conspicuI ous as the war Governor of South Caro'ina. Tt was, Governor Pickens who demanded of Major Anderson the , surrender of Fort Sumter and ordered the tire upon the Star of the West; > George McDuffie, who served in the House and Senate with Clav, Webster and Calhoun?a man of great ar> irumentative and oratorical ability; > t..Hnmmnnd. United JttUJrs xi^ui j j _ States Senator from South Carolina, I who made a national reputation as I "Mud-sill Hammond" for his refer> ence in the debate on the Kanses ? question to the slaves or negroes as , the necessary "mftd-sills" of society ; s rth?* Butlers, who have for three-generations served South Carolina in the i National House and Senate?Major ; Gen. M. C. Butler, in the recent 1 Spanish war, and now a member of ; the Cuban commission, lives in Till, man'n County; Major Gen. Joseph ' Wheeler, horn within five miles of . Augusta on the Georgia side. Two I of the Major Generals appointed from > civil life in the recent war sprung from this Droduciive soil. I Jaraex Longstreet, the Confederete s Lieutenant General, was born six ) miles from Augusta, in tbe County of f Tillman and Butler, and six miles t from the birthplace of Tillman, VVil; liam Lowndes Yancy, who wa9 a pow erful member of Congress in ante> bellum times, a man of singularly ; great oratorical gift-* and well remembered by the older part of the present generation for his speeches iu Cooper i Union, Faneull Hall, and throughout i the North in tbe campaign of 1860, j was born and reared near tbe homes of t Stephens and Watson. Louis TrezeI vant Wigfall, United States Seii*tor i from Texas, and among the expelled ) Senators in 1861, was born and reared in the'district, and he it was who, ou April 13,18pl. upon seeing the flag of Sumter descend, rode out to the fort and made the final demand ofsurren' der to Major Anderson. I J. L. M. Curry, United States minis; ter to Spain in 1884and at present the director of the PeabQdy and Slater educational funds, came from a County adjoining Watson's. Hilary A. Herbert, recent Secretary of the Navy, was born iu this district, at Laureii", S. C., tbe same toWn in which President Andrew Johnson conducted a tailor shop. Eli Whitney^ though Northern born, lived for some years at Augusta, and here invented and perfected bis cotton gin, the greatest achievement fnp rho Acrrinnltiiral and - CVCI UJAUW IV* eorotnerical South. Peculiarly worthy of observation, " and a fact that has not been widely . noted, is that Thomas E. AVatson and a Herschel V. JohnsoiK.were from this I ?the same?district the two men who, in 1806, and the other in 1860, in similar great couvul9iona of the Democratic l party, received nominations for Vice Presidency, and thereby, probably, in both instances defeated the darling wishes of the Democratic party. It is ~ remarkable that the country snouia ? have goue to exactly the same locality, to wit, a narrow strip of land in Eastern Georgia, and undesignedly so, for .* Vice Presidential candidates in these two crises, and for the only two Vice I* Presidential candidates that have been J taken from the South since -1859. * Johnson lived within thirty mile's of the home of Watson. >, BIRTH PLACE OF NULLIFICATION AND !? - SECESSION. e This little district has been from e the begiuning of the Government the n birthplace of the "isms" from the e South; it is the New England of the South in this respect.- Here "Nullifi,r cation" and ''Secession" had their j. birth. Here was the cradle of the Confederacy,, between these two ridges e of mixhty hills that irom the water3_ shed of the Savannah, and as the Conc Urn ot\(l rnf>lipH hprp sn y mueiaujr nao u?in uuu .? , (j it came here to die, and received here I. its sepulchere. This happened iu a j peculiar way, with a double coiuci^**^?T>.^gJQiarfeable power. The flrat n secession meetSnBfeJ^ South Carolina /. was held at house of ArmisteadaSSfe^lon? or 'wo e^undred val^3^ajBtSl!wKKLhat lms Grove,?ke.fc^^WE@!?whS birthplace of the last meeting of Cabinet was held at Abbevljte, ifj/fSilR house of Armislead Burt, wiThlii'ijJjrfitj' of the Grove of Secession. Otf*3pp| evacuation of Richraoud and the n*K treat of President Davis and his Cabi-H net, the retreat brought the party Mi much Abhev:lle. So this became I ? uuwittingly the circuitous route of the lon? gray fox, who returned to the brush from which he' started, to die. FINISH OF THE CONEEDFRACY. President Davis, accompained by Mr. Benjamin, Secretary of State; Mr. Breckinridge, Secretary of War; Mr. Mallory, Secretary of the Navy, and Mr. Beagan, Secretary of the Treasury, (see President Davits book,) arrived at Abbeville on the retreat on May 3, 1865. That night a meeting of tne Cabinet was held in the house of Mr. Burt. The next morning the party proceeded toward ( Washington, Ga., the home of , Toombs. After crossing the Savannah River, ' about twenty miles from Abbeville, ' hearing of the presence of Federal ! troops in the'neighborhood, and on account of the general fatigue, the party divided. Here, says President Davis, Secretaries Benjamin, Breck' inridKe and Mallory left him, and be I saw them no more. Secretary Reagan . alone of the Cabinet accompanied Mr. Davis to Washington, and Mr. Rea1 gau was with him several days afterI ward, when he was captured a few . miles south of Macon, just without the limits of the district Under description.. Mr. Davis was carried to * Aueusta. where Vice President Steph-1 i ens was beiug held in waiting. This f was the last of the Confederate Govermment. Mr. Davis and Mr. Steph ens were put aboard a steamer together, and conveyed, one to Boston harbor, and the other to Fortress Monroe. Thus died the Confederacy at the home?in the very house?of its birth. i WATSON?TILLMAN?CALHOUN. % . , w '? As the district furnished the "isms" di btfore the war. it is worth noting that a( itVill continued to coin them. Mr. e1 Watson started the first branch of the b; Populist party in the c^outh in his ir district in 1890, though the Popnlist si parry 01 me country reany nau as o: birt!i six years before in South Caro- V lina^. when Senator Tillman started w his agrarian movement, the success of pi which innpired the general agrarian A movement, of the country, and ai caused ..he naming of a Pbuplist party it in 3?an?as. When the Populist party ei by nape reached South Carolina, p; howeve". Mr. Tillman skillfully kept bi his pedple within the Democratic ir party : so well so, that South Carolina li was the only State in the Uuion that 01 did not have a de'egate at the St. cl Louis Populist Convention in 1896. h Of THE DISPENSARY. ? The dispensary system of State liquor ai control, now enforced in South Caro- la lina, and destined to play a larger F part, was in the municipality of ti AtheDs, aDd appropriated by Senator tl Tillman. Woman suffraee has more c< adherents iu South Carolina than in ? any State in the South and its chief el advocates are in this little district, fs The district has always dominated d< polities in South Carolina and like- tl wise in Georgia until recent times, b ^ XT T?lomS ri rr nrHn ifi nAW rpnffl- IT TT J A X- IVIUIU^, ?? wv <u .? -j, Bentlng Watson's and Stephen's dis- li trlct in Congress as a Democrat, was tl Speaker of the Georgia House, and sc leader there for a long time, and as- ti pires to leadership in Washington 0 THE LITERATURE. j] Among men of letters, though the South has been properly productive in this respect, it is doubtful whether any other locality 6f the South haa a' had continuously qtiite so many con- ^ tributors to the higher literature of 8' the country as this, Paul Hamilton n Hayne, who competed in the popular P mifid with Sidney Lanier (himself born just outside the district, at Ma-, 01 cod, ua.j lor tne psim as me greatest ai poet yet produced by the South, lived w within iiften miles of Augusta, out h among the sands and pines. Richard Henry Wilde, the author of ithat im- T) mortal little classic, "My Life is Like the Summer Rose," was born and lies buried in Agusta. James R. Randall, the author of tbe South's great war p poem, "My Maryland," and probably re her greatest war poet (unless Father Abram Ryan be that one) lives and it works in Augusta, and has done so sc since the civil war. Father Ryan is lived for a quarter of a century, dur- bi iug his prime, in Augusta. The eftr- tl liest piece of Georgia fiction, as well T as one of the earliest of tbe South. A "Georgia Scenes," still a standard, si was written by Judge Longstreet, p born in Augusta. Richard Malcolm tl Johnston, the novelist, recently de- ai ceased, was born and lived the greater Is part of bis lite in this district, where ol thescense of all his "Dukesborough p Tales" are laid. Harry Stillwell Ed. a: warde lives in the district, at Sparta, ai There are other poets, and writers of fiction n here, who have the uatloual attention. 82 The peculiar temperament and degree of p. activity of the people of this district sre , apparent. Following the fate of all people ? of enterprise and promulgators of new and fc original ideas, they have sometimes brought H( themselves under the ban of pnblto ditsap- ? proval; but they appear, according to the t( evidence, to be nothing dampened by defeats. They continue to produce "lams," and Still bold their bridled steeds, And poise their laDces low: Prepared swiff, blows to deal I Or to receive a blow. a f( tl To work and live only for one's self ti will by no means promote happiness, p On the contrary ; it is a source of in- B tense misery. The secret of many a t joyless life, which has gone out into b bitterness, suicide or insanity, maybe s found in the selfishness which domina- s ted it from its beginning to its close. I To live in love is to live in everlasting r youth. ' t ?? 8 A Complete and Full' I STOCK OF THE CELEBRATED ? j Metropolitan Braafl of Mixed Painis i ? OF ? JOHN LUfAS & CO. | ALWAYS ON HAND AT THE ' AI CIaha ! 0K? GALLON CANS by He 1 A llberal disco not to i I Tin Shop fL l T-TAVING BO'IGHT THE TOOLS ? ?h 5 anu stock of Jas. M. Lawson, I * "" # shall continue the business of A a 1 } fl. W. LAWSON & CO. I ? i and hope by honest work and live and 4 M< i let II ve prices to merit the liberal pat- J " ronage always bestowed upon the old w A firm. Respectfully, i \ H. W. Lawson. S ? # Dec. 0,1887, U # ^ r r a z Jz ? jni Cobb & McDavld are the shoe and boot peo-1 w pie of Abbeville. le . ' (&' 1 . ' *'' - - k-., ' A REPUDIATED LEADER. J eview of the Life Work of the Great Nlatenmnn?Conipnred to JcflTerflon c and Jackson. a A good deal of political history, or e hat is received as such, finds repro- t ? ^ rni r uctiou in campaign literature. iue ivantagea is utilized, and what/er is derogatory is>, of course, parsed y. Men and measures are brought ito view by writers and orators to aow the ancestry and records that ave given their party distinction, /e must confront the past. Bygones ill not be bygones. There is no ower iu the will to relegate them, n unsmirched reputation is priceless, nd ?o is its inheritance. There is an. idividuality in political parties inher- c at in the men composing them. The l rineiples of their construction have t een the means of shifting and assort- , lg and bringing together minds of ke conviction. They are not numerus, and have undergone but litt'e lange, yet under varying conditions ave given rise to many issues. And j )tne of these are a9old as the govern- g lent. This shows that those are fund- c mental, and that while the republic t ists they will not* be eradicated, g rom tbe beginning, or at least from { ie first presidential inauguration, e lere have oeen two paramount and inflicting ideas as to the constitution a -the' one making its authority as c Tective as possible and tbe other as r ir as possiole neutralizing it. inciental and subsequent to this came c le issue of protection to av6rt the ardsflip and pauperism of the old lonarchies. The genius of the repub- c c was and is to strengthen all though' ^ le arteries that lead from a central fi >urce and equalize so far as legisla- ( on can the conditions of the people n these two issues the political par- . es trace their lineage and illustrious j adership. They have kept perpetu- . - . 11 t.t>4 4.^ : liy iresn a/i uintury leiauuK iu uwu. One of theifi, that of protection, is ubodiedln both platforms of to-day, d the other, relating to the respectre rights of the slhte and the general averment, is treated seriously in the ational Democratic declaration of rinciples. Thus the old measures are ept alive and made to distinguish the e side |rom the other. Men, too, re brought down to us by the politiil platform, and thus enshrined are ela up as authorities of infallible wisom. 0 JEFFERSON AND JACKSON ARE ACCORDED POLITICAL SAINTSHIPS. Tt ? liinVi trihnfo In f?T!P to o JLI ID a uif^u hkwwvv ?w c ut bis name in a declaration that { ?presents the conviction of a party, t t is a irenerous recognition of his pen- j is and inspiration. Thomas Jeffer- t >n i? repeatedly thus honored, aud so Andrew Jackson. There seems to c e nothing ih'the lives of these men lat their followers wish to repudiate, hey are accorded political saintship. .nything that either of them did is sallowed at a gulp. "That was the c osition of Jefferson," or "That was ae position of Jack?on," is like the 1 rgument of the profession and the 1 lity. In the galaxy of democracy no I ther names stand forth with -the * rominence that these do. Monroe I ad Madison are lqpked upon as pupils * --i Uioan no a fatrnrifa "Kilt C UU V UU UUICU ao a .... lake no mistake here. Van Bureu ? it at the feet of no man. He was the c junterpart of Jefferson. Since that ? sader's exit no'rival had appeared be- ( >re Van Buren. And as with Jeffer- I dh, his efficiency was manifest prior 1 ) bis administration. j MADISON,?MONROE?,VAN BUREN. , Neither Madison, Monroe nor Van ! lure a did anything that specially . alls for repudiation from his party )llowers, nor, on the other hand, any- , hing bat entitles him to the distinc- , ion of being mentioned in bis party's latform. To this, it is understood, , tfonroeisan exception on account of lis doctrine, which makes him accesi- ( ile to all platforms. Here we have ome of the different degrees of leaderhip afforded by the Democratic party, from Jefferson to Bryan they are laturally many. A great diversity of alenc nas neeu umwu upiu w ucujvutrate the advantage of making a >arty'8 interests paramount to those of he whole people. Jackson is put orth as a great national character, ind Jefferson is venerated because he jroclaimed the gospel of license and responsibility. But he wrote the Declaration oi Independence and was i loyal man. CALHOUN'S MASTER JIAND. An ugly feature d sclosed by ;he adulation of Jefferson and lacbson by their diciples is their ingratitude or inability to understand ;beir greatest man. Ho was not Jeffert - i x ! l!_l a jot) norjacKSou, uui was iue uigueai jSXjjrei-sion of democracy as set forth by hep?*ILty claimiug that as its mission, 'he culDStfffaJ.vs-of Democratic princi,les is seeju in John*?. Calhoun. That b a stern and repell'.ing fact. And it ooks doAvii upon us 'from but yesterlay, ao short is the lime that intervenes. There is nothing in Calhoun's |L to deplore or renoun ce by those ^kftold his opinions.. With a masfi^Bandheheld the glas^;to nature S[d made a true and terrible reveiato men who thought and ^ggjNjgelusions there was nothing at "19 exposition, iie an was Calhoun t^^^purpose^^HI tnan of fact and practice, with tMl pacity for puttidg his theories into tr v ncrete form, he has had few if any ! ualB. h [)UTHPIECE AND INSPIRATION OF ei A POWERFUL PARTY. B The greatness of Calhoun's work j, as in making a clear demoustration id dispersing all doubt. If he was i extremist he was such only in ?1 sting the truth or fallacy of his doc- p; ine. He was bent on seeing what jj lere was in it and in making it aown to his countrymen. His labor e, asn't personal or isolated. He was p, ie mouthpiece and the inspiration of jj powerful party. But for Calhoun the 0j emocratic forces would have been p( spersed time and again, if not an- w ihilated. His was the hand that fa ielded the wand. He was a leader of 8( aders. .V r J s -lm L BRIGHTER DAY OR A DARKER W NIGHT. V . . Ever on wa3 the shibboleth >f Calhoun. He would usher in either 01 k brighter day or a,darker night. In- ^ tead of light be brought chaos. For "f bis Calhoun is repudiated. His own P' )artisans, both Jforth and South, to vhom he was the greatest of school- Wl naaters, know him no more. Mon- w icello and the Hermitage are familiar 1am es, but Abbeville has long since >assed out of mind. This is owing lot to the political opponents of Cal- ?" loun or Jefferson or Jackson but to 8t) fwJ/vn/Jo' ?n/l f/\l lnnrara Dtr moflrni- \W IICli mcuua auu iviivuvaoi xjj ui?gu? yinsr the Virginian and Tennesseean he Carolinian is thrown into obscurity. h< Che historian no doubt does his plain ac luty, so far as he is capable, and from P? lira we learn the relative merits of y hese foremost Democratic champions. ^ *0 EFFORT CAN REVIVE CALHOUN? Ke JEFFER80N AND JACKSON th WILL LIVE FOREVER. ti( It is not likely that the American 80 >eople will ever be permitted to rele- Ji fate Jefferson and Jackson, but it is luite certain that no effort will ever >e made to revive Calhoun. Let him * A ? >?-* cy\ fh none, ioat is tue verumt. ouuie nro ? ndifferent and -some are fearful. The gc Hence of the tomb is his. th The weight of opinion of the mental ca analysts who have passed judgment >n the Carolina politician, or states- is nan, is that he was narrow-minded, de la JONFINED HIMSELF TO LEADING |8 ; . QUESTIONS. W This is inferred from the fact that he P? lonflned himself to leading questions, ^ vhich were few. He had no taste, .nd thovght his talent too great, for lealing minutely with the detail of vj ide issues. If Calhoun made himself i specialist in politics he did so because I? t brought him in continual cpntact I vith the best minds of the opposition. " lis ambition was inordinate. To that c rom his youth up be made absolute tacriflce. That his own resources ? vere sufficient to sustain him -in the ca >nnfll<i<Q ho pncpndftrpH jg pood evi ieoce of his-'strenth. Calhoun is generally underrated because ne is nisunderstood. His conception in polities was precisely that of a master j" n any department of art. He grasped K he leading features, and on them ex- w lausted himself?the little things were ?? eft to take carfe of . themselves. He J? itruck out his course early. His flrsf tc (lection to Congress fired him with 8 he ambition to become the con troll- P! ng spirit in national affairs. To be 01 iure, he was tectioual, and p man of lis State, but it was by the* leverage 81 bus obtained that he hoped for.su- PJ >remacy in the councils at Washing- a on. e: pj JALHOUN CARED NOTHING FOB vl WEALTH, BUT HE THIBSTED n< FOB POWER. Tj And this be would reach by ioocentrati^g his energiaa on two [Ueeciona?me iunu ?uu mavci^. ^ kfter the war of 1812 he advocated tn >roteotlon at the behest of Southern- U] jlanters. Here was the secret of Cal- J ioud's efforts. A plebeian of the up- g, >er country, which had no wealth and |a ?here people were classed by degrees DJ >f poverty, he strove to strengthen {(, ind perpetuate the aristocracy- and D| iraw bard the line between the rich ? ind the poor. The measure of bis sue- a jess was his control of the Democratic re 5arty, called up to Jackson's cam- ^ saigu Republican. In this is seen the a, working out of the ambition of Calloun. * He was neither rich nor poor, hl ind, standing thus midway between Dl ;be democracy of the South aud that ^ )f the North, he held them together y. x> the advantage of himself and his 0, section. He himself cared nothing t| for wealth, but thirsted of power. In w thin way he obtained ana held it.' tj The Northern Democracy be wrought into his edifice as a builder doe* D! material. He incorporated it in his design forutilitly. b( NORTHERN DEMOCRATS AND SOUTH- p El T ARISTOCRATS. hi In this rare political combiuation we have tbe JNortnern democrats, uai- ~: houn and the Southern aristocrats, ?' with all power lodged in the latter. ? Calhoun was their agent, and wielded D it iu their behalf. The feat of the J1 Jefferson ians that the President might J* assume the function of a' King was bushed by the usurpation of the men c of money and lands. It was a reign of wealth. A poor man was worth his vote, and no more. Democratic y management bad marked him for an 0 underling, and he would likely have remained so had not another hand been extended him, Calhoun, cease- ? ltssly working out hia own destiny D throught the favor and belp of *he ? rich, was necessarily in influence and , practice the en^my of the poor. He r' loosed no bonds and lifted no burdens. a The logical conclusion of nis theories a was to give to those who had still 8 inorfe abundantly ; and to this end he ? employed the strength of his party. ? THE POOR WHITE TRASH WERE NOT t IN IT. t C The white laborer at tbe South had no a part in the benefits of the doctrine of Calhoun, and when a protective tariff was levied to equalize in_a measure the whole population, the Uovernon of & South Carolina informed the Jackson * administration that no collections ^ would be made in that state in answer * to the law. Here was open revolt ? against a measure that has added im- * mensely to the greatness of this coun- 11 try by safeguarding the interests of ' men dependent on employment and a swages. Nothing could have effected " khut the teachings of Calhoun ; yet a not prepared for such extrem. y^^Kaction at that time. For the ? ac^Mhnt of the tariff of 1828 Van IU1CUW10 W^IVOU OULUD UlCUlt, EVIJU ackpon fa?|ored it. Later, however, \ view of treduction of the public j ebt, Jacksfln^^ould produce no ar- i ument in opposition to the anti-tariff ivocates. So conception of the rotective principles was in nowise iflfarent from tha*t of his political as)ciates and wllo^wers. He was in 7ery respect Vfc^fctsoever a reliable arty man, and l^Atbe expiration of is presidential tei^Kn transferred his Efice to Van Buren]?the only rival in artisanship of Calhown. In no cense as Jackson a Federalist except in so tr as concentrating a^mthority in him } HY CALHOUN WAS REPUDIATED. Compared with Calhoanr he aa pnnuartmfivp nnH an nnra fl.ll her leaders. It was the extremity to hich the Carolinian "went, the brilint illustration.he gave of his princies, the stern truth or his expression, at has caused his repudiation, He orked out results from his premise, ith the precision of a mathematician. Calhoun began his political life at ale College. He was then an ardent epublican and defender of the tenets Jefferson. He was the Virginia ateman's most promising pupil, and nen tne oiu masior aiea mere was me to dispute supremacy with Cal)un. For unflncbiog devotion to i ides his example is probably unsurissed tn the annals of any nation. rhence came his idea, and what was ? It came from the opposition to 'asbingtonjHamiltonrvAdamsand the nius of the constitution, impelled by e mad spirit oft the French revolu)Q, and incarnated in Thomas Jeffern. lCKSON VENERATED?CALHOUN RENOUNCED. It was to impair federal au *- _ ? xi oniy Dy localizing bue pnwei ui vernment. As the originator of is idea, or the first to make a practi1 application of it, Jefferson is venered ; as itslgreatest exponent, Calhoun renounced. He gave it a too liberal ivelopment. The recompense of his bor is that he exposed its fallacy. It nevertheless still adherent; to. rith some modification it is the-last itional platform of the party launched r the band of Jefferson and controlli by Calhoun. It is not so promisnt now as it was up to Lincoln's ly, but is used as a counteracting rce. The aim is to retard the drift ward centralization, which the na)b's <growth makes indispensable, i the Democratic declaration of prinples of 1896 is a paragraph that an rwntaat a fro in at fprlflml uuyuioo aa pvovov terference, anditia printed in the mpaign book nnder thatappellation. state's bights. .1 The man who edited the United aes article for Appleton's Encyclo>dit beads the f>ame paragraph "State ights." That is the old name, und ith no one else is it so intimately assisted as with Calhoun, It is made designate a living issue, while to le mention of his name all lips are aled. Men and themes die,' bnt rinoiples live on. That is the history ' humanity. It is compressed in the cord of Calhcfon, state rights and avery. Calhoun is gone and emanclition was lcng sijjce proclaimed, ut it would not have been announced ccept in efutation of the paramont, rivileges of states. The precept surIves the man and tbe measure. It is 3w, however, reduoea to a protest. a.biff and slavery calhoun's pbops. > All of Calhoun's blows were directed > the center. By what appears an inlitive vision he seized without halting son tbe leading questions. They ere the tariff ana slavery. On the tot be became eminent, and on the ,tter dominant. These were the ops, the visib'e agencies by whicl} i rose. Back of them was his slme political theory. In analyzing alhoun the complex is nowhere eeen. is first and absorbing, idea was to ign, and reign through the instrnlentality of his state.* When that called him not he would put forth 10 power of his state in its own beat f. That was his bequest. For this n r pose he abandoned the tariff as inlfflcient and. massed his energies on le right to hold slaves which was jararholminorlv affirmed ill the eleo on of Piorce. Then a reaction set, in. hicb swept away this issue forever : was brought about to thwart tbe degn and reprove the audacity of the *rty tbat bad been so long triumphal; through tbe statemanship ofCaloun. To this Buchanan made some wtrlbution, and when he ran for resident the .ranfcs of his supporters ad perceptibly thinned. A- mighty ost was gathering in opposition to tbe Id party. Calhoun was then dead z yearn, but not yet repudiated; and ad McClellan beaten Lincoln his ame would have had some veneration ow, for in tbat event the utter futillf of his doctrines would not have een made manifest. ALHOUN PLAYED A LOSING GAME. t Calhoun played a losing game; as all rrong-heaaed men must, and because f this is maligned, when remember* das tbe instigator of a world of woe. le probably played the part he assignd himself better than it could have een done by anybody else* It was iot his fault, as charged, that tbe issue," as he called it, was not sooner orced. The odds were too great for ny one to successfully contend gainst. When it was forced it evered his party and roused such a entiment against it tbat its control las never since been regained. And * ? ? * - L.1J I. be disposition lO IIOIU iu unrmuujr he elements of a growing nation. >y convergence of its energies, it still lambats, as it did in the days of Jefferon and Calhoun. J. C. T. ? Come over to "Mike's" new quarters. The looks and papers on band are: The Columiia State. Tbe Charleston News and Courier, Jew York World. Sunday and daily; New fork Journal, Sunday and daily; Democrat, lagazine fashion; Delineator," Magazine ishtou , Designer, Magazine fashion; Harper tazaar, Magazine fashion. McClures wide ride world over land and Strand; Metropolis - - ?~nmninion M nnofic Rflorpntion. Cen ttUlVI'NUJVpVlUIBMl ? , ury Magazine, Frank Leslie, Purltaa, Curant Literature, Review of Reviews, Standrds Big Magazine, Black Cat and many thers. I also take subscriptions for these ,nd will make tbe terms to Bult you. A. S. J. Casaldy. Notice to Tresspassers. \ LL PERSON'S are hereby warned not to hunt, flsb, or otberwlse trespass upon the ands of tbe undersigned. F. E. HARRISON. Dec. 20, 1889. HUGH WILSON. n n OAMRTTETX. M. D.. Physician and Surgeon, ABBEVILLE, S.-C. 0T Office In the National Bank. May 25, 189S. tf Law Briefs at Sixty Cents a Page.? Sew type, good print, heavy paper 25 copies, Vpply to Press and Banner, Abbeville, S.C. IB Always Reliable. ; p t ^ndfor_oar lllo?^tM ^at<?Qeahd( > ^oraer airecw aBguum i<a?ui inuvur.i , -z FER cajbaQE, a Sure Header. Heed lOo.W \ #a packet. # 2 ALEXANDER SEED CO.^ > , f AUGUSTA, GA. ([ A1TOHQ QTO1M'. UnSfllff niuuiiu uiiiatu uauni/ui) ; v- p Proprietor N. W. Collett,::<? ia|| Of Abbeville, S0LJCIT8 TRA.DE FROM ABBEVILLE. '/ WORK AND PRICES GUARANTEED. ' GAINES HAMMOND, Agent, Phone M Jan. 8,1899.8m Eowltates West | TEXAS, MEXICO, GALIFO&NIA, ; f i or any other point, witbiFREE <> ; MAP3, write to . FRED. D. BUSH, District Pawenger Agent, , Lonisville & NasbviUe R.R., : 86^ WALL St., ATLANTA, OA. NOTICE ! Ahb annual meeting of the 8Uxskbolder? of the' Abbevlllfc-Greepwood v Mutual Association will be held at Abbeville I ' : FBIDAY, JANUABT- 13th, 'fM at 12 o'clock, for tbe purpose or electing offlcerk for tbe ensuing year, and. transacting other Important business. A fall attendance la earnestly desired. > | J. B. BLAKE, Jr., ju. s. ues.tr Seoretaiy. State of Mb Carolina, County.of Abbeville. COURT OF^ROBATE. Copy Summohb. Fob Relist. . im (Complaint not Senred.) Wo. F. Jennings, at administrator, Ac.,, 1 ;':V plaintiff, & acalnit TO THE DEFENDANT Grant Callabam. You ARE HEREBY SUMMONED AND f|? rpnnirwl tn answer the coffiDl&lnt Id this ac- : " .$ Hon, which Is filed In the offloe of the Judge ',g, of Probate, for the satd County, And to serve ' a copy of your answer to the said complaint on the subscriber at hia office at Abbeville Court House, Sooth Carolina, within forty days after the service hereof; exclusive of the day of suoh service; and if yon fall to answer the complaint within the time aforesaid, the plaintiff in this action will apply tattieCkrart \ -; jrJj for the relief demanded in the complaint. Dated 8rd day of January, 1899. R. E. HILL, J adge of Probate. : ' To Grant Callaham, absent defendant: . 1 TAKE NOTICE that the Complaint in the above entitled case was filed lntheofflee of ' the Judge of Probate for Abbeville County on the 2nd day of January, 1899. B. EL HILL, <1 .; ?' /' j. P. A. C. . :'-1y Don't Grope IN THE 3 Vi$| DARKNESS ";ii . WHEN THERE IS AN '"? r / '' ABUNDANCE M 7 ""? m OF l/CDnCCMC r\ I I WVJL.M I? 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