SICKNESS AT CLiWSON
Bdmmittee ok state board of
if HEALTH INVESTIGATES.
altary Prtcautions l&Cortalu Particulars
Hffeglected?They li?conimentl Certain
llteratkns ana Charges?Thick Vacation
Should bp Had In Snmmu ai>t1 Not
(Tlnter.
The committee of the State Board of
aalth made their report to Goi-ernpr
lerbe as to thf causes of the sickr.ess
Clemson College, which is publishherewith:
? His Excellercv, Governor Ellcrbp.
Dear Governor: Your committee
u the hono* to report that in obtdi
ice to jour Excellency's instructions
e viiited Clemson Agricultural Col|e
and investigated the csu.se an J
Laracter of the prevaiiios: sickness at
at point and nothing remains but tr?
nder to you officially the results of
it examination.
Upon our arrival at Clemson on
teaday, the 27th of June, we were
alted upon by President Craighead
id the faculty, who expressed much
tification at our arrival and an earnt
rift.*! tn <rivR us all Dossible aid in
living the serious problem by which
iey were confronted and wliich had
:cited painful apprehension through
it the State. It may not be inele
int to refer to the extremely picturque
appearance of Clemson College,
owning the gracstully uodulaiiD^
lis ana standing: an enduring mouu ntto
its founder, with silent and
PMiitable eloquence in behalf of gelations
to come, who, sheltered in its
neficientarms, shall iearn iho lessons
1 stalwart, enlightened citizeuship
mo n Men our go vsrameui uu u?<. rviy
it peaceful, prosperous and happy
u-petuitj.
In advance of making one tour of
jxltary inspection, we visited the hos-1
tal, in which there were a few pa ,
snt?, probably a dozen, some conva i
?cin? and others quite ill. We re
ettea the absence of Dr. Redfern,
mself sick, probably with the pretiling
fever, and we found Dr. Harn
in cheerful and eflicient discharge
the duties of resident physicisu.
Tck arara in form or! that, nnnrovi ir>atft
'between seventy and eighty casts
1 gicknesss had occurred among the
udents within a few weeks, necessiting
the disbanding of th? college,
f mac number of fever cases not
ore than thirteen were of prolonged
iration and that several had died,
ae fever was thought to be ' malarial''
it there were two cases in hospital
mcerning which there was some
rabt but might be typhoid fever.
As to the causes of this fever
irlous theories were entertained,
ne theory was that the students had
ithed in the river near where the
wera^e emptied. Another theory
as that a number of students had
orked in the low swamp lands, rich
alluvial deposits, and had inhaled
e noxious exhalations from stagint
water, the outflow of which had
recently checked b v a dam. A
lird theory was that a large percent
re of the students had come from
eir homes in malarial sections of the
iai?u aiiu iliai lilts lavcui uitttcnai xu
iem had developed by a higher latiide,
by an excessive amount of work
id the evere military discipline of
le institution. That these causes had
radually devitalized the studsnts,
indering tbem easy prey to sickness,
he disproof of the first theory v/as
lat some of the sick students disaimed
ever having been in the river,
lie second theory could not hold bekuse
the sickness was not entirely
mfined to the siudents who had
orked in the swamp land, and in rely
to the third theory it may be said
LAt the sick students represented all
ictions of the State.
In the >resence of so many con-j
[cting opinions entertained by genemen
01 intelligence, discrimination
id observation, your committee proleded
to make a systematic and vigorous
examination of every place and
rerything which might possibly sug
Mt a clue to the solution of the prob
m in question. Your Excellency
ill recall the physical appearanca of
lemson, its hills and valleys, and
10 reaauve distances ana positions 01
le various buiidiags. Taking the
>llege building as a centre, it will be
Daervedthat the watershed of the hill
pon which it stands causes a part of
ie storm to How north to the river,
eat to the barracks ana south ami
gust through a gradually developed
alley, round and about the dairy
id into the ravine which is the nstu11
vent of most of the water of aoju)nt
hills upon the east, north and
juthern kides. On the northern ed .^e
f the ravine, in the valley, is lccaled
ie dairy, a'buildin? probaoly lifts
wt square. The site upon which it
-at)/)o un/1 uaam ? 1 1 mam/1 wutnu
'?uua uau croc u a dixiaii vjuuu wuiuu
ad been filled in with debris of variale
character, organic and inorganic,
ad had been practically drained.
ffeenthe dairy and the abrupt hills
rth there is a small space in which
wo springs rise. The laig^r spriog
as said to become muddy after a rain,
pid accordingly it had oeen enclosed
'1th brick on three sides. The smali-1
ripring beside the door of the dairy
i included in a casing of impervious
L 4 1 ? 1 iL 1
IMkOflMl HUVIUI, IV, CJ if ft, III Jen&lll uy
ne foot in width. This spriag somemea
ia milky and used exclusively in
aring the products of the dairy. The
ay of our arrival it rained heavily,
aid the next morning we traced the
torm water from the adjacent hills
ver and around the imperfectly couiructed
storm dttcb, beside the spring
nd upon the limited ai^a occupied by
ie dairy. On the surrounding hills
ver which the storm water Hows are
pen privies to which no special attenon
had been given and tue contents
f whichmustDe washed by each reiirringrain
into the valley and thence
ito the ravine.
Your committee in continuance of
heir duty examined the barracks
rhich they found defective in lccaiioa,
i construction, iu ventilation and in
>* system of sevrerage. Moisture is
a Msential element in the process of
iganic decomposition in the soil by
rhich mysterious and dangerous pro
ucts are evolved, heat aud a moderate
apply of air being necessary to this
focess. In the construction of a
wpuing me saniiarian aaopis me
8|| i efficient means for excluding
||1 pnees from the foundation wails
S from the basement tloor*, for pio
gg ng the soil from impurities and to
&| ler It dryer by under ground drainmge
and by opening the outflow. To
Brevent the pollution of the ground
flir is of preuine importance and it i3
Bo be accomplished by removing tho
Bource of contamination; by faeilir.at
tU the natural process of puriticaUon
i by relieving the overtaxed powers
.
j , ?? 1
f of the soil, by drainage and aeration.
I lu the sccond j>lf?cp r.jrntpctive mPa"
sures inu?t be rr sorted i-? c addition
IhI security. JJo it remembered that
cellers as usually constructed do not
constitute a harrier to ,!.:e csope ol
air froii\ the sub soil, and this is especially
so In buildings which ere heated
artificially, in which case the?e is
superadded a suction force crrofe-i bt?
the ascending rarified air. While it
is impossible to prevent the aerations
of ground air, it can by suitable devices
he diverted into olher and less
[hurtful channels, and its dangerous
i influence tr.inimiz?d.
The foundation walls and the basement
flooring of 1 lie entire building
.should rf^t upon r b(d of impervious
material, ard should nave a ventiUt'
Ir g chamber under the en ire surface
!'?f the cellar floor separatid fr;m i!:e
basement by au intervening pavctne t.
The chamber should be connected with
a chimney flue tocirry otf ?he ground
air which risis in autumn, ritilfr and
spring. During the summer when tba
ground air sinks a current of fresa air
hurries downward and riv^s to the
hes'ed surface outside of the building.
Your committee failed to liud that
these ordinary sanitary requirements
for protection against ground air and
moisture bad been met in the con
struction of the dairy and the barracks.
In the matter of ventilation,
there is no adequate arrangement in
the barracks to tret rid of the stagnant
air charged with carbonic acid gas
vvhich must abound to an injurious
extent in such an unscientifically constructed
building1 with its hundreds of
! inmates In addition the waterclosets
are improperly legated and should not
be within the main buildings, for the
piping for the disposal of excretion is
liable to be deranged by the gradual
subsidence of the building, and by
i other cause?, which may loosen the
I inints ?r.d allow the escane of sewer
O ?, - - * .
jgas. Assuming tue numoer of inmates
of the barracks to be 300, the
aggregate amount of said excreta for
tweire months would probably be
I seven tons and about 12,000 gallons of
! urine.
To secure the continous and rapid
I removal of this excreta and to prevent
pollution cf aio and soil by their temporary
detention, is aa interesting
problem in sanitary scieaco. To accomplish
this purpose the sewers must
be perfectly tight throughout, so that
| whatever enters may pass to the outIs
t without leakage. The movement
throughout the sewer must be continuous
from head to outlet without haltiog
to putrify. Besides the sewer
must be perfectly ventilated so that
accumulated gasses may not form and
force themselves through the traps to
the dwellings. Adequate means must
be provided for inspecting and flusa
ing the sewers The size a^d foi'tn of
which rr.ust b-j perfectly adjusted to
its flushing appliances, that tfce usual
dry weather How may bo made to
keep it free from still and oiganic daposits.
The following conclusions;
have been reached by your committee:,
First. Tiiat while it is not improba- J
ble that there has been some malarial
fever at Clemson, it is unquestionable
that the prevailing fever is typhoid.
Second. That the open privies have '
been the prime c;uso of infection, and
we view with suspicion the products
of the dairy, of the manufacture of
which spring water at that place is
used.
There are several recommendations
you? committee would respectfully
make. Discontinue tho opsn privies
absolutely, and by a system of sewers
have ail the excreta from the various
residences ba conducted to the river.
Meantime enforce what is known as
lha "dry system'' which consists in
the admixture of dried earth or coai
ashes with the excrement in sufficient
quantities for absorbing and reducing
11 to an inodorous and harmless form.
The material must be perfectly dry
and applied immediately and in sufficient
quantity to cover the excretions
and to remove all fluidity of the material.
The water closet should b3 detached
from the house and thorough
ventilation insured,and should be frequently
inspected and kept in parfect
working order.
The dairy should be removed from
its present site, and constructed in
obsdi^cce to sanitary laws, and perhaps
it would be better to discontinue
its operations and avoid t'a^ possibility
of its posing as a factor in the possession
of diseases.
Assuminz that the barracks will be
continued as a home for the students,
the bes>t recommendation we can make
is to underdr^in the narrow area b3
between the east side of the building
and the nigh embankmant, the latter
to be faced with granite. An improved
system of ventilation should bi intro
dueed such as is us? d in many institutions
North?fo- instance at John?
Hopkins Univerf-ity?by which perfect
ventilation is obtained and regulated i
at will. The most modem system of
sewerage should be used and to pre
vent the possibility of contamination
of- the building by noxious gases, the
w <AICIuiuacto auuuiu uu u^b^ucu J IULU
the buildiug. The distant end of the
sewer at the edge of the river should
be so arranged as to escape submergence
by river water and protect it
agaicst whatever might intsrefere with
its otlica.
We recommend further from the
standpiont of sanitation that vacation
be given in the summer months, and
your committee are impressed with
ihe bt-lief that it c*n be done without
conllicting with the agricultural features
of education at Cletnson, and
would subserve the highest interesis
of the professors, the students, aad
tiie cjlleg*. The recent unfortunate
experience of sickness and death at
Ciemson has awakened tue spirit of
criticism against the institution on the
ground of unhealthfulness, which i;
may not be wise to ignore.
Ia conclusion your committee might
have discussed the laws regulating the
evolution and ext3a>iiu of typhoid
fever and how originating in soil aud
j air pollution it gives rise to epidemics.
They might also nave cited abuudant
parallel cases corroborative of tie position
tli? y have taken in ibis repjrt,
but they do not think these would
lend additional emphasis to the plain
fact of the existonca of typhoid fever
at (Jlemson and the imperative necessity
of preventing Us recurrence. We
have the honor to b3 very respectfully,
Charles 11. Taber, M D ,
Jcttnes II. E7aas, M. D.,
U. A. lvsese, M. 1).
latligflsciuiu
From which springs, directly or ini
j: * ! -- 1_ t u?-v,l
j uirc^uijr, ucarij' ovciy iuiiu 'n ucw
jache, and sick headachy uevcr scp?ra:
ted iherofroin, is surely aad speedily
j relieved and cureu by the use of
''Hilton's Life fur the Liver and Kid
neys." Oiw 25c boltle will convince
of its merit. Trj it. Sold by dealers
generally.
e.
M LAnil.N'S SPEECH.
IN WHICH HE GIVES HIS VIEWS ON
THE TARIFF.
Pay# a Deserved Tribute t > the La e Senator
Earle?Saya He Is liuder No Pledge
or rreinlne of Any Kind.
We present below Senator McLaurin's
speech at, Sumter in order that
our readers may see exactly bow he
stand? on ibe tariff:
i Mr. McLiurin Bai'l ho most hcirtily rc
Iec!ioc<l the sentiments that had just been
expressed l?y Chairman I'urdy and most
I heartily hoped for a high, decent and dignij
lied campaign. If the campaign should not
J lie of t hat character it would not be his fault,
and he for one would not be responsible for
] the lowering of the tone of the campaign,
j That was not his style. No one, he said,
I regretted more than he did the sad death of
the late Senntor Eirlc. The death of this
distinguished son was indeed sad. He knew
that every one present felt keenly the death
of Senator Earle, the chivalrous and noble
son of South Carolina, whose life was cut
short when that life was so full of promise
and usefulness for his State. He said that
so long as he occupied the scat of Senator
Earle he would do his utmost to retlect credit
upon his State.
Before entering upon his tariff discussion
proper, he said, he desired to make one sido
remark, and said lie believed one of the
greatest works of the Reform movement was
j ttie primary it started, i nuer iuc primary,
said, there could be no trades and deals.
Every Democrat voted ag he pleased and he
could not possibly see how there could be
any deals or trades.
He desired to say in reply to certain
charges that he for one was under no
pledges or promises of any kind. He was
under no promise and he utterly repudiated
any deal or trade with anyone, lie was
pledged to nothing except what he pledged
to the people from the stump. He made no
pledges except those he made to the people
of his State. And he assured the audienca
that ho would re<leein hia every pledge to
the people. (Applause.) lie added that he
at all times endeavored to and did maintain
the honor and integrity of his State and his
party, and it would be found that his every
speech, his every act and his every vote has
been guided by the platform of the party
adopted at Chicago, *
Wl 1... ?M l.?
j MUCH LI C lie LI It 1 1CU tfcO **L?J
one who'was not pleased with his record
there was considerable applause. Later on,
when talking about his record in the six
years he has been in Congress, to which he
wished to refer, he said some people sat in
the Senate for six years without getting over
"the Senatorial courtesy."
He said that since he has been in the city ,
he has received two letters and telegrams
from mill men asking him to stand by the
! rate he had fixed and to get-back to Washington
as soon as possible and have the rate ,
maintained, as there was an attack being j
made on the rate, a3 agreed upon, .lie said ,
some people attacked his Democracy, but he
noticed that all they gave for their salvation
for the Democracy was that they be elected
to ollice. These people, he said, had about
as much Democracy as there was sawdust in
a three-year-old doll baby. He said that he
could speak for a week on the tariff question
and he had all the facts, and added that he
was loaded for bear, guttersnipes or everything
else. (Applause.) He elaborated considerably
on the duty on bagging and said
that ho and his friends have accomplished
very much for the South.
Mr. McLaurin s views of the taritt were
fully expressed in his speech. lie said on
this line:
My friends, in coming before you at this
time asking for a continuance of your confidence,
it is your privilege to demand and
my duty to explain each and every act performed
while holding the commission which
the pcjple of the Cth district, and you
through the'Chief Executive so generously
entrusted to my circ. I would add in all
sincerity that it affords me 7ery great pleasure
to meet my fellow citizens face to face
and discuss these matters. Permit me at the
outset to say, that to the best of my ability I
have sought to maintain the honor and ia|
tegriiy of my party, and build up the matc|
rial interest of the peopple of South Carolina.
11 wish to emphatically declare that in every ,
vote, in every speech and in every act I
j have been guided by the Democratic platform
adopted in Chicago, and to the truth
of this assertion I challenge contradiction.
To those who have criticised my course in
fairness and honesty I extend the hand of
fellowship and say, let us reason over these
differences and ascertain who is correct. To
i those who through jealousy or malice have
attacked my record, I hurl defiance and dare
them to make good their charges before the
fair-minded people of this State, or sulk
to their dens of infamy, where plotting
and schemcs against honest men are concocted.
I have tried to do my duty honestly, fearlessly
and conscientiously, and believe the
people of South Carolina have recognized
that fact. Should the people of this State
retain me in the Senate I will continue my
efforts with more zeal and with that increased
force which experience and extended
powers provide,
Mr. Chairman, notwithstanding the tarifl
has been a live question during the past
years of our national existence, it is with us
today and is lincly to remain with us for an
indefinite period With each recurring delate
new conditions appear, -which demand
more extensive examination and more careful
consideration. These new comic conditions
force new political issues, and
oi themselves many times bring about honest
differences of opinion.
Such differences should always be met
with a spirit of fairness and toleration. This
alone can guide us to caudid and correct
conclusions. For example, when the Wilson
bill of w.is enacted it contained an income
tax, which all true Democrats hoped to
see applied with increasing force and effect
to the end that our national revenues might
be largely secured through that channel.
Under its operation it was expected that
customs duties would bo lessened and as a
natural result there would be less restriction
on trade and commerce. It was a long
step in the direction of a revenue tariff and
a more liberal exchange within foreign
nations.
The Supreme Court decided it unconstitu
tional, and this strong prop was taken from
under Democratic expectations. This decision
change 1 the entire theory of our system
of Federal taxation in so far as it plainly
declared that hereafter international revenue
and customs duties were the only sources
of taxation under the Constitution as it
now stands. The hope of less customs duties
and still less internal taxation were by this
decision d ished to the ground. Now that
wealth his becu relieved from payment of
its proper share of these burdens of government,
the question recurs again, how
this vHt sum shall be secured from the
people.
This action of the Supreme Court went
further and created a deficiency in the
revenues. President Cleveland under the
guise of maintaining gold payments sold
millions of bonds to buy gold. This
gold he exchanged with the gamblers, of
Wall street for greenbacks, these greenbacks
ho covered into the treasury, aud
used them to pay the ordinary expenses
of the Government, and in this indirect
I .1 . I
manlier mo expeuses 01 mo uavuruimiui j
were met.
With the presout Administration came a [
determination to repeal the present tarill I
law and enact one more protective in in {
features, and more certain, it is alleged, to j
bring sullicient revenue. Tin question of J
how to meet this Republican onslaught has J
given rise to much discussion among Heuio- !
crats in Congress and quite a dill'ercncc of I
^ .? ?
opinion ou some particular points. Some,
like Senators Vest, Jones, Mills and others
favored a propaganda of revenue principles
l>y showing up the iniquities of the measure,
so that in future these discussions might be
used as political capital. The same old fight
that for one-third of a century has proven
so futile and barren of results,-. There were
others, myself among the number, who
favored a general attack on the sectional
features of the bill, followed
tip by a vigorous demand for exact
.Tt'STICK TO AM< SECTIONS
and for all the people. We believed tbat
there were fair minded men enough in the
West who would combine with us in a common
defcncc against the plundering combines
in the East, to badly cripple if not destroy
that power. In this we were not mistaken,
as several votes will show. You will
pardon me for saying that I took the lead in
this rather new departure, and am fully satisfied
that the bill could have been defeated
or the East deprived of its advantages, had
the Democratic party acted as a unit on this
line. I took my stand on the tariff plank of
(hp f hipntrn nl.atfnrm.
? ^ i
I contended that the middle clause was of
equal., if not more importance than the first,
and that, its strict enforcement would bring
most satisfactory results.
Others joined me in this and several
speeches were made in its favor. We assumed
that without an income tax the entire
contention, aside from a desire to make political
capital, was one of schedules. There
is not a man before me who would listen to
the tr.ritf debate one single day and not
come to the same conclusion. Let me give
you r. few instances among Democrats to
sustain this contention. Senator Rawlins
demanded a duty on wool and gilsonite for
Utah. Senator White asked for a duty on
boras and fruit for California. Senator
Morgan wanted a duty on iron for Alabama.
Senator Pasco wanted higher duties on cigar
wrappers for Florida. Senator Bacon wanted
a duty on cotton and lumber for Georgia.
Senator Tillman and myself wanted what
we could get for rice, cotton, lumber, bauxite
and monazite for South Carolina. Congressman
Love and Williams wanted a duty
for long staple cotton for Mississippi and
Maddox wanted a duty on pyrites and bauxite
for Georgia, while Fowler, of North Caro
lina, joined in for it all. Senator Allen, after
condemning a duty on lumber, of which
his Stale produced none, asked for a duty on
chicory, of which his people were large producers.
Senator Caffery, of Louisiana, after
expending days denouncing a protective tariff,
wound up with a demand for a duty on
Bugar.
1 might tell you how some would denounce
protection on the floor of the House, and
then come quietly into our committee room
and ask for a duty on some product in their
own district.
I became disgusted with such double dealing
and with Tillman, Bacon, Rawlins and
others began the fight on the sectional features
of the bill, and demanded equal privileges
for the South and her industries. The
result of our efforts has been a duty on cotton,
equal privileges for Southern pine and
Southern railroad ties, higher duties on rice
anu u auiy on oeauuie. nv uuvc uuu compelled
the Republican managers to recognize
the injustice of taxed jute bagging for the
planter and none on binding twine for the
wheat raiser, and have put this bagging on
the free list. Not a single one of us believes
in the doctrine of protection, and so decleared
repeatedly, but made the fight under that
part of the Democratic taritl'plank which declares
>hat "duties shall be so adjusted as to
operato equally throughout the country, and
not discriminate between class and section."
In my opinion our course was not only proper,
but in strict accord with the good old
Democratic doctrine of equality before the
law. I declared on the rioor of the Senate
that the South asked for no advantage, but
demanded simple justice. If protection was
bcneficial, as alleged, the South was selfish
enough to want her share; if the policy
proved disastrous we were patriotic enough
to stand our portion, but under all conditions
and at all times we demanded equal
benefits and equal burdens under all national
legislation, we wanted to be recognized
as a portion of this great nation, whose
rights and opportunities should be considered.
In this manner we have kindled a fire
under this infernal Eastern advantage that
will roast out all those who are now manipulating
it.
Lei us lame up me question ui cuuuu uui^
and analyze it: If (as some say) it will
be no good, I will answer that, it will do
no harm, but place the cotton planter and
wheat grower on an equality, which of itself
is a confession of sectionalism and injustice
from tho Republican party. I contend
however that it will benefit the cotton
planters of the South. It will furnish
an extended market for our long staple cotton,
keep out a lot of trash coming here from
Mexico and relieve the growers of short staple,
of that much competition, whioh should
be a benefit, and I believe it will. Do you
realize the growing extent of cotton imports
in this country'.' (Here Mr. McEaurin gave
some figures.)
Aside from this there will be a fendencj
to bring South the New England mills, which
are now using this imported cotton, for the
purpose of being nearer the supply of long
staple. The idea that this duty will not benefit
the cotton grower is clearly met by th(
fact that the next morning after the cotton
f?v ura%i wi^cpiI n onninpn?ntnrv flnt.v WfL?
?.?.? ".. J
propose J for the manufacturers of the Kgyptiau
cotton. 1 am not discussing this as a
Protectionist, but simply as lair play towards
tie South and as an evidence of whnl
might be done to break up the entire protective
system. When protection rcaches all
classes and all sections it will die of its own
accord.
THE KICK SCHEDULES
were cut all to pieces by the Senate committee
and a most vicious effort was made tc
make this industry feel the irou band o!
sectionalism. 1 imagined it was pointed directly
at South Carolina and promptly took
up the fight. 1 gave the matter a thorough
investigation and became convinced that the
industry was being discriminated againsi
and that northern buyers received the benefit.
1 made a speech iu defiance of thericc
planters of the South, ho full of facts and
statistics that I had soon the attention ofthi
Senators. The Republican sterling com'
mittee at once took alarm and hastily re
ceded from their amendments and restorod
the House schedules in order to prevent fur
ther damaging discussion. Was I notjusti
lied in defending my own State, and a recog
nized industry utneng its people from North
ern greed and avarice? 1 did it then ami
shall repeat such defencc when ever the op
port unity arises. 1 believe it was a duty in
cumbent on my position and I did not shrinl
from it. Then came
THK Lll.M IIBit SCI1KIUILE,
and here again sectional greed disclosed it
self, la the tirst paragraph the Senate com
iniltec placed a -<> per cent duty on Northeri
ce>I:ir railroad tics and placed all others or
the free list. 1 began to investigate thi:
discrimination and soon found it created i
tie trust for the North and left the .South tc
care for itself. Northern cedar and South
ern cedar are two different woods. Tin
Northert. cedar grows tall und straight
with few limbs and ao scent. It is used ex
tensively for ties and telegraph poles. Oal
for ties has been exhausted in the North
and this duty would make; a monopoly o
cedar. Canada and Nova Scotia could sent
in anything they chose in the line of ties
uinOi n.ilr lifMiilnok und SO forth to C01I1
pete with the South, but this duly secum
a monopoly for I he only tic timber iu thi
North. Wo niiule a contest on this uufai
proposition auJ forced the committee t<
give tho UO per cent duties to all. Thelum
ber schedule was taken up and an eti'or
made to place white pine on the free list. I
with others, opposed itou tho ground of dis
criminating against the pine lorests of thi
South. I went to the bottom of this eched
ule, and found that the whole i|Uostion in i
nut shell was this: Shall the North am
l;ast who have been plundering us for the wo
last thirty years, be permitted to purchase sta
lumber of Canada or compelled to buy from we
us? There is no yellow pine up North and the
when the duty is taken from white pine that the
entire section is flooded from Canada. That pie
is the case now under the Wilson bill, North- Wc
em pine has been largely consumed and nat
Southern pine is rapidly finding its way in me
that direction. These Northern mill owners the
have bought an immense tract pf pine tioi
oiiimnAM in v\rwln nml nnltt u'oifn/1 fnr mil
, OlUlliyMgt 1U ..uv.
free lumber (o remove their milla there and ^
send their lumber to the Statse. It is esti- she
mated that the South has one hundred and ter
eighty-three million acres of pine forest 1
which will now be developed. Northern Mc
capital will help to develop our lumber soc
industry instead of going to Canada for am
that purpose. Some have said that it will wo
raise the price of lumber. I hope it will bel
and to that extent, at least, we may be able not
to recover some of the money taken from us I
?- ? 'i- - x'?1\. ?i lv.?*
I>y III IS ttUU lVASt. xuia uuijr U|IUU W??
pine lumber is an act of justice towards the Go<
' South anil I am prouil that I was permitted an^
to take so prominent a part in it i
TUB PRINCIPLE INVOLVED. Wa
I am not defending my action upon the ?
grounds of protection, but as securing a per
cent, of equalization for the plundering you
have suffered. If we are to have free trade
let us have it for all sections. If we are to
have a tariff for revenue let us have it equal
all over the nation. If we are to have pro- H
tection make it equal to every induitry
throughout the entire length and breadth of (
our country. Let our statute books disclose
no sectionalism. Let us have, in fact, as
well as name, "equal rights to all, special
privileges to none." This, I am taught, is
the true Democracy. The North has explored
all the possibilities of the West and
there are no more openings in that section
for their capital. The South, which has
lain dormant and neglected under the miserable
sectionalism for the past thirty years,
now looms up as a land of promise and a
location for future possibilities. Every effort
is being made by the grasping avarice
of New England to continue to force tribute
from us and make no return. These keen
Yankees see the handwritiug on the wall and _
realize more than they dare admit that under
anything like equal chances the South J
would forge ahead with great rapidity. The ~
growth in power of New England has been
obtained in direct contradiction of the laws 5of
God aDd nature. It has virtually grown ea
figs from thistles and at a profit. It has '
robbed and plundered its more generous
neighbors and its greed and avarice gives *9
signs of no abatement. In that cold, bleak *v
region the hum of the cotton spindle should
never be heard and the whir of manufactur- j
ing should never obtain. Its location, sur- iM
roundings and climate are all against it, and of
yet the fair skies of the South have been ig- a 1
nored, its mild climate neglected and the ^
kindly courtesy of nature left unused. Must ^
it ever remain thus ? Can we not unite as
one man to demand our proper status among 1
the material interests of the nation? Let us ?h
.. -a.
try it. Let us start tne Dau roiling nere in
South Carolina and undertake to do something
for the financial prosperity of our State ?.e
and people. C01
Fellow citizens, my convictions are the re- ]
suit of observation and careful investigation, tet
and my conclusions are unalterable with the di*
lights that are now before me My position fX'
on the ways and means committee of the
House enabled me to study this matter from ^
its center to circumference- When I saw the 7"
far reaching conspiracy of the North and :
Hast to plunder and despoil the South, I :
was amazed at its magnitude and the success
with which it was applied.
But when I discovered that no one from
the South was lifting a hand in her defence
I was absolutely confounded. Financially
speaking, the South was on her knees to the
North and East, and submitting without a
protest to the most dastardly system of plun
dering that Yankee shrewdness could devise,
I tried to convince myself that I was wrong,
that these conditions were natural and right,
but utterly failed in the attempt. The more
1 thought of it, the more firmly I became con- j
vinced of the outrage. Day after day, week
after week, our committee room and the cor
ridors of the Cipitol were crowded with Eas
tern and Northern men seeking Government
favors for their different industries.
Thov we fiiinninflf. hold and threatening.
i ***"^ "" """ ~ O' " w>
. aud they usually carried their point. Was
the South represented? No, indeed, from all
appearances, it had neither part nor lot in
the proposed legislation. After a time Liy
Southern blood began to assert iteelf. I
could quietly submit no longer to see my
scction and the people I represent plundered
without making a protest? I finally con
, eluded to make a stand for the material in
l terests of the South, to make a fight for the
pocketbooks of my constituents.
There are two ways of getting equal
! rights, one is to take away from the other
. fellow the rights that he ought not to :
[ have, the other is to demand the same
i rights yourself. Equality before the law.
i Mr. Chairman, from that day until the j
. present time I hare made the best fight that i
I could upon these lines, and so help me :
, Qod, if permitted, I shall continue the con
L test until the people of the South are privi
. leged to stand upon an equality with the peo- i
pie of the other sections uuder the laws of :
! this nation. i
s The Bpeech I made last March was the first
t speech ever made upon that floor denounc- _J
i ing the sectional features of our tarill'legisla
tion, and demanding equal and exact justice
i for the South, That speech has not been
1 T 1:~. ; -jrill ho .
' u.ll??v<rrcu, UUU ? cui\/b wnv ik it lit uv. u. Jg
i very soon. .
The more I looked into the matter the
I more lirmly I became convinced that the
mt.terial interests of the South were being m<
neglected and that her people were being eq
ro tbed without objection.
l'hat speech subjected me to severe crit- n|
i icisms here in South Carolina. 1 refused to
r answer them, but instead gave out an ud
drass on "TheSouthand her Opportunities."
; I could hardly believe my own statements
i of the vast possibilities it contained. That
s speech has gone throughout the length and
t breadth of the land and fully established the
fact that the South had opportunities that
s should be considered.
I I followed this with a recent speech in 0<
; the Senate, the first of its kind ever heard
in that chamber. In the discussion of this
bill in the Senate, the speech of Senator
i Bacon was the first real danger signal the
Republican party received from the South. LJ
Followed up by my speech on the sectional
ism of the tarilf bill, it was a home thrust in
- a vital spot aud created no little anxiety.
1 The Republican party cared not a snap of its
finger for the academic cll'orts of Jones, Vest
- aud Mills. Spending hours discussing the
i meaning of the word "only." So long as
they confined the discussion to the question
of free raw material, or the abstract theories n
- of'-'revenue" or "revenue only" tariff, tliey
- listened indill'crently, and languidly
1 voted down our motions, but when y
1 the unfair and infamous scctionali
ism of the measure was disclosed
i aud a demand for justice and equality made Ii
) there was a sudden change. The Kepubli
can leaders saw the strength of my position, A,]
; aud that should the plan succeed the entire
, protective fabric would collapse. If there
- are to be equal rights where does protection
i come in'.' The success of the system detu'thIm
nnon the continual nlunderiui; of the
>ji r ? - ~ ? ?
fj South, but with the South secure in its rights
11 auil securing its share of the benefits, this
, 'plundering would cease, and tlieschcuie fail.
j For this reason I demanded a duty on cotton,
lion rice, on lumber, bauxite, and denounced _
e j the duty on jute bagging, and introduced an
r > amendment cutting down tho duty on wool 1
} and woollens one-third.
1 did this not as a protectionist, since I
t do not endorse the doctrine, but to give
, these plunderers a dose of their own medicine,
- at a time when it would make them sick. I J
8 did it in self-defence and in defence of the
South and her people.
i| Look at the situation. We of the South j
IJ produca 75 por eeat of the eotton of the I
rid; wo cculd, under favorable circum*
noes produce all the sugar and rice that .
need. We can produce the fruits of both .
i temperate and tropical zones. We havo ..
: best iron mines on the Continent, with
nty of coal and limestone near together,
i hold the reserve timber lands of the
ion. we can produce our own wneat,
at and corn. In fact, the prosperity for i
i future for this nation lies within our sec- L
q. The possibilities that are to come
st be sought for south of the Potomac.
>Ve are the American end of America, and
mid assert our rights and defend our maial
interests.
[ am a candidate on my record, said Mr.
Laurin. I have made enemies, and of
ne of them I am proud. I am a Reformer
i believe in Reform principles. We have Q
n the victory, but after it is won I do not
ieve in drawing the factional lines. 1 do
. believe in punishing my fellow Democrats,
fought for principles. I have never
nged or fawned to any man so help me
d, and it is a price I would never pay for 11
1 office. (Applause.) lii
\.s Mr. McLaurin went to his seat there
s much applause.
Yoke'Fellows. T1
Many women work too W1
V hard. There is no ques- es
( \ N tion about that. If they
^ did not have Love for a
\ //IT yoke" fe^ow ^ey could
\llfc never endure th? daily,
hourly griud and drudgery
1#^, of Hie. But th?y bear K
4?^ cheerfully, sustained by
^ loving thoujhtB of kusband
and children.
lut when physical weakness or diseaae i? -p
ded to a woman's burden it beeodes alfetber
too heavy- No woman can be
eerftil or hopeful who is dragged down
continual pain and physical wretchBCM.
rhe special weaknesses peculiar to the
ninine organism are comparatively eaey "
overcome if me earlier symptoms are *
ren proper attention. But if allowed to ?<
uhshacked tfaejr are liable to develop ?
:o Mttwi, cfaroni* oomplications.
Uf wmho afflicted w4th these delicate
nt?te ??ht to have the immediate aid I ?
wr. H*ree'a F?vorite Prescription. It is
Kffwrt aad uaAtling specific tor all disles
of the feminine orgeat. It wtes deled
tor tnia one purpose, and aocomphes
this purpose as ao other medicine
s ever done.
E*or nearly 30 years Dr. Pierce has been
Uf aonsulting physician of the Invalids'
)tel and Sufgrcal Institute, at Buffalo^
Y., where in conjunction with his staff
associate specialists, he hea suecessiuny
ated many thousand asee of "female til
mplaint."
Std physician Hvinp ha6 had a more ex- In
idea opportunity to study this class of
leasee in actual practice. No medicine ?
tr imvented has done for women what his jjj
^avorhe Prescription" has.
Or. Pieroe's Pellets cure constipation.
TT. tfl
To ihe Public.
WE WILL OFFER FOR i I j *
sale until August 1st, . .
: j aa we will have to know : i : ?|
within the time above : ; : ?
: stated in order to arrange our : j j *
business for another year, : : : 9t
i whether or not we will be able j : :
i to dispose of this valuable real i i ?
: estate. Having deemed to go : : : u<
more extensively into the mer- : : i w
; cantile and rice mill business,
: and to reduce our farming in- : : i
: terest, we have decided to place i : : tf:
! upon the market one of the fin- i : : ,
: : est plantations for general pur- : :
i : poses in Orangeburg County. : i
This property is situated in i : :
Pine Grove Township, one mile : : :
: from the town of Lone Star, a sta- : : :
tion on the Manchester and Au- : i ~
: gusta R. it., and containing : : j
: twenty-five hundred (2500) : : : j
i i aores, more or less, with a good : : : *j
part of same under a high state j : : ^
: i of cultivation. On the place is a : : I ?
: good saw mill, gristmill, gin and i : : |
: : ootton press, a fine pasture, 8 or : : : |
: 10 good tenant houses, and ev- : : : g
: i ery other convenience a good : : : |
: : farmer would want. We ofter [ : : |
: : also for sale two lots and the : [ j |
' * K/vo* Kftiiua in SfjiP. * * I I
: : This is undoubtedly a fine open- : : : |J
: i ing for anyone wishing to mer- | j | 9
: : ohandiae and farm in connection : : : j|
: : with each other. All of which j j j a
: : we offer you very cheap and on j j 3
: : easy terms. Of course we won't j j j a
: : be able to turn over to the pur- j j j H
: : chaser the farm before first of j j j J
: : Jan., 1898. The store we can i : : I
j j turn over for the fall business. :
: : For further particulars address j j j !
j j TAYLOR & BULL, Lyons, S.C. : I j
>ril 21-3mos
the mm
the most complet3 sy^te.n ot elevating
ndllnR, cleaning and packing cotton- 1
lproves staple, saves iaDor, mases you
mey. Write for catalogues, no other |
uals it. i
I handle the moat Improved
3TTON GINS,
PRESSES,
ELEVATORS,
ENGINES ?
AND BOILERS
to De found on the mar feet.
f Sergeant Log Beam Saw Mill Is, In 0
simplicity and efficiency, a wonder.
3KN MILLS,
PLANERS,
GANG EDG3SS, 0
and all wood working machinery.
DDELL AND TALBOTT ENGINES la
tl
are the best.
Write to me before buying. lo
Y. CJ. Badham, ?
N
General Agent,
COLUMBIA, c. u
;kk " 1
IEEE. s
SYJUlis If ?
01
re your iu i o sikia
If oo, Hilton's Life for the Ltvtr ami Kldneya
will keep them so. If 0'
not, Hilton's Life for the Liver
*nd Kidneys vill make 0
ibero to. A '23c bottle y'
* 11! 0
yoaoft.u* <>
fact 0
iken reijularly after ratals II Is sr. Ritl i? ,
diction, cures habitual cons' i.it;, ()
and thus refresh^ and a. , 0
both body and mlud. 0
SOLD WHOLifSAI. J? BK ^
'he Murray Dfu^ Co ??
CC LDaUL'li, a. U o
AUD 0
Dr. H. BAKU, Cfcarl^jion, S. C. l0;
*
Hill
iRE YOU
THINKING
>F BUYING A PIANO ?
If bo, I am prepared to furnish superior
inos and for less money than you will
cely get elsewhere.
YOU CAN HAVE CHOICE
the following makes: Chickering & Sons,
ihmer (not Sommer), Mehlin, Fisoher,
aith & Barnes and Mathashek & Sons.
ay of the above are thoroughly reliable
id will last a lifetime.
N
ONLY ONE PROFIT. %
\
I represent the builders, henoe sell at very ^
asonable prices. Correspondence solicit*
[; catalogues furnished on application.
lose who do not know of my responsibility
ill pleaae refer to any bank in Columbia,
pecially the Loan & Exchange Bank.
Address,
M. A. MALONE,
COLUMBIA, S. C.,
"IANOS AND ORGANS
Advice to Mothers.
We take pleasure In rolling your attea
)n to a remedy so long needed In carry
g children safely through the critical
age of teething. It is an incalculable
easing to mother and child. If you are
isturbed at night with a sick, fretful,
ethlng child, use Pitts' Carminative, it
ill give instant relief, and regulate the
iwels, and make teething safe and easy.
\
will cnre Dvsenterv and Diarrhoea.
itts Carminative is an Instant -cllef for
ilie of Infants. It will proit(Ai digestion,
/
ve tone and energy to the stomach and
)vels. The sick, puny, suffering child \
ill soon become the fat and frolicking joy
: the household. It Is very pleasant to \
in taste and only cost 25 cents per bottle ^
jld by druggists and ty
THK MUFEAY DRUG CO.? '
OW-.iTTibi*, R O
IATHDSHEK
The Piano for a Lifetime,
The Piano of the South,
The Piano Sold Host Seasonably.
The old,original Mathashek, sold by us
for over a quarter of a century and th?
delight of thousands ofSonthsrn homes.
More Mathusheks used South than ot
any other one make.
Lovely New Styles at Rsducsd Prices,
cheaper than ever before known.
Styles once $435, now $325.
$100 saved every buyer:
How, because we are now Interested In
the great Mathushek factory, supply
purchasers direct, and save them ali In*
termediate profits. White vs.
L.UDDEN A. BATES, I
Savannah, Gr., and New York OMjr. I
iBjwwwwwwppwmmwwp
~ m MISLEADING.
o
o Dasgkb, ln Cubing Onb Habit, or Fobk?
ISO ABOTHIB. i
PIUM (Morphine, Laudanum) Etc., Oubid
iji raom Foub to Six Weeks.
LIQUOR DISEASE
iired Usually in Four Weeks. Alio Tobacoo
Habit and Nervous Diseases
The Cure has been endorsed by the Legia
ture of six States and one Territory; by
ie National Government in the Soldiers'
omes and in the regular army; by many
cal authorities ia the cure of indigent
runkards (morphine and liquor); by Miss
allard, the W. C. T. U.; Francis Murphy,
eal Dow and the I. 0. G. T.; by prominent
en all over the land; by 300,000 cured paenta,
more than 20,000 of these being phyoiana.
The Leslie E. Keeley Company and the
eeley Institute of S. C. are responsible corjrations
which could not afford to put forth
ly claim that they are unable to prove.
For printed matter aul t-jrui*. aldresa,
THE 1LEELEV INSTITUTE,
Drawer 27. Columbia, 8. C.
Mention this paper.
o OO q
KEELEV QuKE. [J
ALCOHOL,0 0
Ol'IL'.M, 0 l'roducc each a disease hav- 0
TOBACCO 0 ing definite pathology. The 0
USING. l' disease yields easily to the 0
o o c: oc" Double Chloride of Gold 0
Treatment as administered at the KEE- 0 A
LV Institute, Columbia, S. C. The treat-0 4
ment at the Institute is pleasant. Pa- 0 1
1* ?1 ' **A< "" rt"' iinKiiDQAnoKlo 11
11CL113 Ml C UUl ouwjtuu iu umvftouuauiv iv v*
straint. It is like taking a vacation for 0
four weeks. They only know that they 0
are cured. Detailed information of this 0
treatment, proofs of its success, and Keo- 0
ly Catechism mailed on application to 0
Drawer, 27, Columbia, S. C. 0
oooooooooOoccccooco^