The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, May 05, 1897, Image 7
8SS?^V
easuring rogues"
BtBrHK BERTILLON SYSTEM OF
IDENTIFYING CRIMINALS.
WB A French Idea Put Into Practice in
i the New York Police DepartW
meat ? How Measurements
Are Taken.
TT is estimated that there are abont
1,500,000,000 people upon the
face of the earth at the present
time. If anyone had been so
bold as to affirm, only a few years ago,
that it would be possible to give such
a description of auy oue individual
that he could be positively identified
among all these millions, his statement
would have been met with ridicule.
To-day, however, thanks to the
researches of Quetelet, the Belgian
scientist, and the subsequent labors of
Dr. Alphonse Bertillon, a celebrated
French anthropologist, we are able to
record such a detailed description of
any given individual that his identification
becomes a matter of absolute
certainty.
Although it is true that the Bertillon
i System of Anthropometric Identification,
as it is called, is primarily in'
tended for the prevention of crime, I
this is only one of the objects of the
system. In every case where the es- j
tablishment of the identity of an in- \
io rlpci rahle. whether for his !
own benetit or that of his family, or j
the State,* this ingenious and highly i
scientific 6ystem may be applied. I
The victims of the cable car or the j
railroad accident, the slain upon the '
battlefield, the unclaimed bodies at [
the city morgue, all present cases for
which Bertilion has made full pro- j
vision; and in cases where the body j
has been mutilpted beyond all possi-I
bility of recognition by the usual ;
methods of identification, the system j
PT
MEASUREMENT OF THE STRI
would be simply invaluable. Farther
:nstanceb of its possible usefulness
would have been the prevention of
frauds on the United States Pension
Bureau by parties who have assumed
;he name and condition of others, the :
letection of false claimants to estates, !
;he prevention of the landing of;
Dhineee who come to this country j
bearing the name and papers of I
others of their countrymen who have I
returned to China. It requires a long !
acquaintance with this race to be able '
iO uisunguisu oje ueicsum nuui uu- i
Jtber, and by the present methods of i
identification it is almost impossible |
tor the Government officials to detect 1
i fraud of this kird.
Perhaps there is no sphere in which
the benefits of the system would be t
more immediately felt than in the !
irmy, where it would act as a check !
apon desertion from the very day of j
its introduction. In time of war, |
moreover, it would serve as an in- '
fallible identification of the killed and ;
wounded, and in subsequent years, as |
suggested above, it would prevent i
fraud upon the Pension Bureau of the '
country. The question of its intro-1
duction into the army is being actively J
urged by Dr. Paul B. Brown, United i
States Army, to whom we are indebted
for valuable assistance in the preparation
of the present article.
The Bertillon system for measuring
criminals has received its most extensive
trial in France, where it has been I
carried out for over ten years with the
thoroughness for which the police of
that country is famous. It is in general
use also in Belgium, Switzerland,
Russia and several South American rennh1ii>R
and la heinsr tested in Enc
land. It was introduced into the |
United States by Major R. W, Mc j
Claughry in 1887, and is now in operation
in Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin
and the State of Massachusetts. It was
adopted by the police department of
the City of New York on March 6, !
1896, and in May of the same year its
use was made obligatory in all the
prisons and penitentiaries of the State
of New York.
The accompanying illustrations
show the practical operation of the
JBertillon system at police headquarters
in this city. It varies in no essential
particulars from that of the
countries and States above mentioned,
only such slight modifications as were
suggested by local conditions having
been made in minor details. The
system is made up of three distinct
parts. First, the measurement of
certain unchangeable "bony lengths"
of the body; second, a careful ^deRIGHT
EAR AND TRUNK MEASUREMENT, j
scription of the features of the face; I
third, a careful localization of all the '
scare and marks upon the body. Of i
th?jse three the first records are by far !
the most important, because the most !
permanent and unalterable. Bertil- j
ion states that the experience of the
last ten years has shown the "almost
absolute immutability" of the human
frame after the twentieth year is
JEAD LENGTH MEASUREMENT. ,
passed. The great diversity of dimension
which the skeleton shows in dif- .
ferent subjects, and the facility and
precision with which it may be measured,
render this means of identificaI
tion by far the most reliable that
I could be adopted. Increasing age
' and mutilation will produce changes
i in the features, but they cannot affect
! the measurements of the frame. The
analysis of the features of the face,
and the description and localization of
scars upon the body, add their accumulated
testimony to the unchanging
record of the measuring apparatus.
The bony or skeleton lengths
adopted by the Police Department as
ftdmiffinnr nf measurement and
description areas follows: The length
and width of the head ; the cheek width ;
the lengths of the loot, the middle
finger, the little fiDger and the cubit, j
that is, from the elbow to the tip of
middle finger ; the height standing, the !
height seated ; aud the stretch ; and in
addition to these the right ear length, 1
which, while not a skeleton measure<
<
(
1
i
i
2TCH AND THE LEPT FOOT. t
C
ment, remains virtually the same
through life. a
The measurements of the head are e
taken while the subject is still seated, n
fl?A ?oo/l nff r\r\ a nf />olinAro a
provided with a graduated arc. In y
taking the length the left point of the *
calipers is held at the root of the nose and
the right point is brought down
over the back of the head. The thumbscrew
is then tightened and the measurement
checked by passing the instrument
again over the head. The
width of the head over the cheeks is
taken in the same way*
The measurement of the foot is taken
with a caliper rule somewhat similar
to that used by a shoemaker. The
in 41\a ofan/^in/v
auujcut ID [J1QLCUUU lUCDIUUl, Oknuuiu^
on his left foot and steadying himself
as shown in the illustration. The
graduated stem is placed against the
inside of the foot with the fixed arm
in contract with the heel, and the
sliding arm is then brought in tightly
against the toe. Care is taken as before
to check the reading.
In measuring the left middle and
little fingers, the buck of the caliper
rule is used, two small projections
being provided on the fixed and sliding a;
arms. ine nnger to De measured is w
bent at right angles to the back of the
hand, and the measurement is taken V
from the tip of the finger to the 16
knuckle, as shown.
The measurements being all taken, "
the next analysis is that of the feat- ri
ures of the face. As these are liable
f<
. * V :
* LEFT MIDDLE FINGER MEASUREMENT. ^
to change with age or disfigurement, ^
no measurements are taken, but, in- ^
stead, an elaborate and exhaustive de- ^
scriptioa ie given. *
The third step in registering a
criminal is to make an exact record of
all scare, marks or deformities. To assist
in locating these on the body,
certain anatomical points, known as
"guiding points," are employed, and
the particular mark is described as being
?uch a distance from one of these
points.
Finally, the subject is placed before
the cumera, two negatives, a full
face <u>d profile, bein1? taken, and the
photographs are mounted in the centre
of the identification card.
In addition to the data recorded on
the face of the identification card,
there is provision on the reverse 6ide
for recording the particulars of the
name, aliases, crime, date of sentence,
peculiarities of habit, criminal history,
etc., and there are six ruled
spaces for inserting details regarding
the marks, 6cars, etc., upon the body. After
each card has been made out in a
duplicate and filed, the examination a
is complete, and the department is in
possession of a means of future iden- t
tification which may be said to be ab- f
solutely infallible. t
Our sketches were made at the fl
Identification Bureau of the New York |
Police Department through the
courtesy of Commissioner Andrews.?
Scientific American.
HODEKX BEDROOMS.
The Best Architectural Ideas May Be
Ruined by the Furnishings.
In the great majority of cases the
furnishing of bedrooms is left to
chance. That is, the different articles
of chamber furniture are arranged in
the separate rooms, as convenience
dictates, with such regard for congru
*? ao io nncoi hlo nr norhana cnmnlflt.A
ItT 00 AO pwowiviv ,
chamber suites are purchased from the
dealer and little attempt is made to go
beyond this. If either of these
courses is followed, the result may be
comfortable, but will scarcely prove
satisfying or artistio in the aesthetic
sense.
One fact should never be lost sight
of in any scheme of furnishing?that
in the bedroom one spends a third of
HOUSE HEATED BY HOT AIR.
lis entire lifetime, and occupies it
inder peculiar conditions. Most of i
;he time he is unconscious, under the
influence of sleep, and he cannot
idapt himself to changing conditions
jf temperature and ventilation, as he
;an when awake. His muscles, too,
ire relaxed, and his power of resistance
owered ; nothing then should tend to
ritiate the air or should afford a lurkng
plaoe for dust or disease germs.
Sudden changes of tempeiaturo should
3e prevented, if possible, and there
ihould be means for obtaining a conitant
supply of fresh air. In the main
bese things are attended to by the
irchitect, but his work goes for
lauglit if the doors end windows are
iovered with heavy hangings, or if
here are inaccessible corners and
looks behind ponderous furniture to
lerve as catoh-alls for duet.
Every bedroom should be pleasant,
ight, cheerful, and the utmost elegance
prevail, so long as it does not
nterfere with the truest sanitary conlition3;
but very often the best efects
are obtained irpm the elegance
hat is allied to simplicity.
A hard wood floor, or one covered
vith nr atting, on which is laid rags J
hat can be frequently taken up and !
ihakeo, may be readily oleaned.
Papered or smoothly painted walls are
he best for all the main essentials.
Stationary wash stands, with their
jossibility of leaking sewer gas, have
some into disfavor for the bedrooms;
l fine hard wood and marble stand,
pith pretty china, and a decorated
plasher to save the walls, may well
ake the place of the plumber's handicraft.
Nothing more beautiful, convenient
ud comfortable in the way of a bedtead
has ever been devised than those
lade of brass. These are remarkably
heap at the present time, but if beond
one's means, those of iron in '
rliite enamel with brass trimmings 1
(
1
jpVftn-6* f~~y ^ i
IM\ \mi\Ual Dftvrtf P. S
i ;
W " s- ?aU '
F \f\ ;
Parlor I I (
Ve.'onda gjy i
to wide \mmm0 M,
rirst rioor I
re almost as effective, Onef advan- j!
ige of this style of bed .s that it goes r
[jually well with any kiud of furnish- j
lg that is in good tasta. Mahogany t
i just as desirable for bedroom furni- <
are as for the parlor cr dining-room,
ut the choice of wood has a wide
?n<?e. a
One of the most satisfactory woods
ar the bedroom, and it is very fash>nable
just at present, is the curled
r bird's-eye maple. This has strength ^
nd lightness and takes a fine finish.
Better than silks and laces for hangags
and decorations are the neat figred
chintzes that can be had in berildering
variety at the present time. fl
f the rest of tbe furnishings will j
armonize, the blue and white colonial Q
rapei'y is the best of all. All of the
olorinfl; should be bright, and the rj
ictures most suitable are colonial j
rints in gilt frames, if one cannot
fford oils or water colors.
The house designed in this article is
eated by hot air, whioh, though conemned
by this association of archieots
for the heating of city houses,
or suburban nse, in small houses, ?
osting up to $5000 to build, is very
f-TC* ;
L Bed K. | ? ^
' CIO I
c.cJ'ljljjlljfL** _c?j Bed R. |
-Hjin t
- S^cloXp 6
!! Bed R B Bed P. 1 t
J (13'xijV ?. I
/ Balcony ^
Sccop^ffCooy 8
cceptable, though hot water ia prefer- I
ble in any case. ?
The house is 46 feet 4 inches wide, i
>v 40 feet 6 inches in depth, including i
root veranda. Inside it is finished
hroughout in three-coat plaster?the
iooring being of North Carolina pine l
t
?the trimming in white wood, witl
main staircase ash.
The laundry is in the cellar undej
the kitchen.
The cost to build this bouse in th<
TM/?inifir r?f Wur Ynrlr is ahnnt S4200
though in many sections of the conn
try, where labor or material is cheaper,
the cost should be much less.
Copyright 1S97.
Character iu Children.
Parents sometimes congratulate
themselves upon the fact that one
child is never self-willed, never passionate
or angry, always amiable, contented
and calm, seeming to need no
discipline and no restraint. And the}
mourn over the fact that anothei
child is eager, impetuous, willful,
troublesome. Yet not infrequent j
the mourning and the rejoicing ougln
to change places, if the future life
and character be taken into account,
TV.** iTonnnilil-ir nf t.hfl rttlA TTlftV bf
-- ?
only the outcome of a feeble character,
which leans against the nearest prop
because it caunot stand alone, while
the other, who is so difficult to manage,
mav contain the elements of a
powerful nature, which needs only tc
be guided aright to become a valuablt
and a noble man.?The Ledger.
A KENTUCKY UIA^T.
Boss Ska??gs its Seven Feet: Tall anc
Weighs 530 Pounds.
Lawrence County, Kentucky, hai
for a citizen one of the largest men ir
the world. The Louisville Couriei
Journal says his name is Boss Skaggs,
and his normal weight is 530 pounds.
He is seven feat tall and is thirty-five
years of age. He measures five anc
* " '-*1 ~~-n ,1 fKo TPftiqt. twf
one-nan ieei muuuu ,
feet aronnd the arm and three feel
BOSS SKAGGS.
iround the thigh. He was born and
reared on a farm in a remote section
)f this county, and all the weeks he
ias ever spent 08 of that farm could
ae counted on the fingers of one hand.
Notwithstanding this narrow s.nd
secluded life, he is above the average
n intelligence, and is quite a jolly
fellow. Boss was always large for hia
ige, but did not begin to get fat until
be was eighteen. About this time he
was first married. He has been married
twice, the last time to a woman
yho weighs only 125 pounds, boss
>wns 400 acres of mountain land, upou
vhich he hoes corn and does all kinds
>f farm labor, just as industriously as
lis neighbors.
Flour $1 a Found.
The steamer Mexico arrived from
Uaska at daylight this morning.
Two days before sailing from Juneau
Jugh Day, the mail-carrier from
funeau to Circle City, returned from
he round trip, which he made in four
nonths. He brought out 500 letters,
le says that many miners, blinded by
he glamor of gold, are going to
Jlondyke without provisions, andBtar'ation
is almost certain.
Aiv?r>rdinfr to reoorts he brings, flour
,t Circle City is selling at $4 per
acl;. At Clondyke there ia none protumble
at any price less than $50 a
ack, or ?1 a pound, and then only
rhen freighted in from some other
>oint. A man named McKay took
[own a email quantity from Polly,
rhich was eagerly bought up at $40.
At Forty Mile, dog feed conaisting
if bam so rotten it can not be boiled
doors, but must be cooked in the
pen air because of the stench, is
old fcr forty cents a pound.?Port
.\>wnsend (Wash.) dispatch to the San
^ranoisco Chronicle.
A True Parasite.
There are not many true parasites
n the vegetable kingdom. The miatleoeis
unquestionably one of the moat
lerfect samples of this class of vegeable
growth. It is absolutely de>endent
upon his hoat for subsistence,
>nd in time draws the very lite blood
rom the plant to which it attaches
tself. Experiments have been made
n raising the mistletoe in greenhouses,
)ut the results are scarcely satisfaoory.
The mistletoe is an exceedingly
ilow-grorcing plant, two leaves and a
)it of stalk being all that is usually
jroduced during the season; therefore
lome of the gnarled and knotty
ranches which we see in our markets
'epresent long years of patient enleavor.?The
Ledger.
Greater New York's Population. *
The population of Greater New York
vill exceed that of /Massachnaetts by
lalf a million, and it is stated that if
he populations of Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, Rhode Island, Monana,
North Dakota, Oregon, Utah and
Nevada were all united in a single
state it would still have less than the
>opulation of the contemplated mamaoth
metropolis.
American brooina are exported in
urge numbers to many countries. _
V-. - "* *
r WOMAJS'8 WOKLD. ;
p
PLEASANT LITERATURE FOR t
3 FEMININE READERS. \
. i
I 1
GIRL STUDENTS IN A BIO UNIVERSITY.
Nearly 300 girls are students in Leland
Stanford University, California.
They live in hall and pnrsue much the
same studies as the men students; both
learn to make furniture together in
3 the university carpenter shop. Mrs.
1 Stanford, who is now in New York, is
glad to talk about her foundation.
She says the most wealthy Califor nians
send theii daughters to learu the use
of the hammer. Education at the
university is entirely free. Mrs. Stan'
ford has just deeded her San Francisco
[ house to the university. She wishes '
it to be used as a university extension
' centre, with lectures and evening
classes for the benefit of those young
3 men who live in San Francisco and
1 cannot afford to oav their board at the
' University, even thoagh the tuition is
1 without cost
k
) in LADi's PETTICOAT. |
> Baffles find their appropriate place
on silk petticoats, whioh ye daintier,
richer and more extravagant than
ever. Brocaded silks and satins are
used for the handsomest. The ou*er
I flounce from eigbA to twelve inches
is elaborately trimmed with tucks, insertion
and lace, and is supported by
3 from two to five frills beneath it of
1 silk, mousseline de soie, and lace,
r those of silk usually being pinked on
> the edge and knife-plaited, and put
very full, eo that the edge of the skirt
! is a billowy mass of overlapping ruf1
fles. All the pretty, bright taffetas
I A?fA?T*^ow wrnn* on/1 if ia (
OXC UOCU OTOijruaj nwatf ?uu *u ?u
; very important that they should be "
fitted well around the hips, as a cor- 1
rect-shaped petticoat has much to do t
with the hangiDg of the gown. They
are still made with a wide Spanish T
flounce, which is itself trimmed with (
a wide ruffle, finished on the edge
with cords or tucks, and supported
beneath by a dust ruffle. Children's
silk petticoats are made like their e
mamma's, of changeable taffeta, and e
the Spanish flounce is finished with i
several tucks or cords. The stiffness i
of the oords is liked, but they do not i
give good service;, being apt to i
shrink with dampness and aho wear- (
ing off; bo tacks are the choioe of IJ
many women. The petticoat do luxe 11
ibir
GOWN OF BLUE CANVAS. SI
for everyday wear is of richest plain g
satin to match the gown, cnt and fin- g
inUr\A in onmn foohinn oa fha f a f - a
lOUOU iU VUW UMUiu <U0U*VU uu wuw ?w? u
feta skirts; and there ie never a bit b
of a rustle as this skirt swishes softly b
past, and this is coming to be oonsid- c
ered a note of refined elegance.? Dem- 'p
orest's. a
R
THE FASHIONS ILLUSTRATED. II
The lady on the left of the large &
illustration on this page looks dis- a
tingue in a gown of blue canvas of i'
coarse weave, whioh has a chic, sleeve- *c
leas Eton jacket, the shoulder tabs
forming a unique feature of the garment.
With this is worn a pale blue
surah waist profusely trimmed with a
quantity of rich old lace. fi'
The figure on the right is set off to n
advantage in a severely plain but rich b
red costume, which has an open 8'
Lronted blazer jacket. With this cos- P
tame is worn a large black straw hat 15
trimmed with a prolusion of feathers. tl
The first of the single-column illua(rations
depicts a beautiful toilette of n
V
P
GOWN OP VIOLET CANVAS. tl
rj
violet canvas cloth. The bodice is fc
made a la corslet, and across the w
whole front, narrowiag at the waist, ai
iolet and white fignred silk ii i
>laited in, forming a perfect figure |
me. Violet ribbon is twisted around
he waist, and tied in a large loose jr
)ow in front. 8j0E
The eecond small illustration shows tQ
l seasonable toilette of green cheviot, ^
rhei
ston
besi
t5\ If
JH'' ^
\ as ft
V ficia
\ 0]
\ Lon
\ that
\ ' with
\ wate
\ pree
\ ?PP?
1 are i
W4I \
\ ?.pT?
^ -flfj l pieo
larg
* the '
""^ __""" exce
JOSTUME OF SILK-LINED GREEN" CHEVIOT. rOW<
????? the |
nade with a natty doable-breasted, fold*
,ight-fitting coat. the
The coBtames illustrated herewith Lay
vere designed by The National Cloak the
3o.. of New York. sean
ing:
THE SEP ABATE WAIST. ... Up 1
Though the alarmist is continually eac^
lending forth the rumor that the beei
teparate waist is passe, this very con- bed
renient addition to a woman's ward- each
robe still holds serene sway, and wo- the i
nen in countless numbers continue to stitc
gnore the warning and would-be man- one
late. In consequence, novelties in pair
;hese are constantly being devised, stool
ind frequently they afford pretty sug- time
dutj
U i <1 Prov
. 'if [' I U8UQ
il' \ I f /A { save
?Ul|/ -/ I ,? jar?
SksW^ ah?
^ ^ ? j# %\ c?o1
I f\3(* - ofhev
I jlr \ mak<
|p|/ y\\0i P^aC(
vv V\ can8'
\ \ met!
I Jff sumi
J; mud
___ luo '
2VEBELY PLAIN RICH RED SUIT.
;estions for the corsage of a dressy
own. Organdie waists are made over
fitted lining of India or surah silk in -?n a
right contrasting color; as a dark
lue, with large chine flowers in fall corQ
olors, over bright cherry silk; very ^ake
?le heliotrope over rose-color; white,
rith design of yellow flowers, over jj?
reen. The effect of these softly blend- ^rfl(
ag colors muat be seen to be undertood
and appreciated. Grenadines,
lso, are usually made over a silk lin- aQ(j
ig of harmonizing or contrasting QybT
olor.?Demorest. Qq
one-]
BEATTTY IN MATURITY.
The physioal beauty of women cups
aouia last growing more ana more aglellow
until the end. That the ^ake
eanty of women, like that of men, gr
hould be determed from the stand- ^
oint of advancing maturity cannot aDDi,
e disputed. It is absurd to claim <^-^e
tiat the ripe, rich beauty of forty is ^ I
3sa attractive than the budding im-. ^
laturity of sweet sixteen. When ancft'
romen live in harmony with nature's pe
iws each stage of life has its own
harm. The fullness of beauty does ^ v
ot reach its zenith under the age of ^hem
hirty-five or forty. Helen of Troy 8DOO
omes upon the stage at the age of .
Drty. Aspasia was thirty-six when
larried to Perioles, and she was a maai,
rilliant figure thirty years thereIter.
Cleopatra was past thirty years
'hen she mot Antony. Diane de .
oictiers was thirty-six when she won -rj-..-.
tie heart of Henry II. The King was -ai0g
alf her age, b 4 his devotion never |j
banged. Anne or Austria was thirty- ^ j
ight when described as the most ^
eautiful woman in Europe. Mme.
>e Maintenon was forty-three when Qver
nited to Louis, and Catherine of Rus* j,
ia was thirty-three when she reached ^
le throne she occupied lor thirty-five
ears.
Mile. Mar was most beautiful at jjje
jrty-five, and Mme. Recamier beyeen
the ages of thirty-five and aB .
fty-five. The most lasting and ^j.a"
itense passion is not inspired by two- * e
ecade beauties. The old saw about
veet sixteen is exploded by the true a?e'
nowledge that the highest beauty "
oes dwell in immaturity. For beauty cotta
oes not mean alone the fashion of creari
>rm and ooloring as found in the wax PePP
oil. The dew of youth and a com- U8e ?
lexion of roses are admirable for
lat period, but a woman's best and '
chest years are from thirty-six to some
?rty. It is an arrant error for any arrai
oman to regard herself as passe at 5,e8ta
ly age, if she grows old gracefully, "D
a
HOUSEHOLD MATTERS.
USE OF FBUTT STONTS3.
i France the various kinds of fruit
es, cherry, peach, plum, apricot,
, are collected, washed, boiled,
dried and put into chintz or uv
ited linen bane. Thoronghlj
;ed in tbe oven, they are admirable
lications for toothache or earache,
imatic pains or cold feet, as the
i*}q rAlain fViA hoaf. fnr a Inner timfl.
ties giving an agreeable scent.?
Housewife.
t * $?
POTTED PALMS.
you stand a palm in the window
careful that you turn the pot
ind every day, so that one side of
plant does not get the sole benefit
ae sun's rays. And as regarding
pot, be sure that you get one suffitly
large, as otherwise your beau*
L palm will soon show signs of failWhen
the blinds are drawn and
gas lighted, remove your plants to
conservatory or other oool place,.
?w things are so damaging as arti1
light.
ae of the greatest palm fanciers in
3 ?* J i J
uoii is Dniu to nave uiuuovureu
the leaves should be washed, not
l pure water, but with milk and
>r, which has a wonderful effeot of
erving them, and preventing the
jarance of the brown spots, which
30 disfiguring.
i MAKE NEW SOLES FOB STOCKINGS.
) make new soles for stockings cat
ttern by a new stocking, from heel
e to toe, making it two seams
er all around- Gut a pattern for
top of the foot exactly the same,
pt you must make it a seam narjr.
Lay the smaller pattern on
stocking to be soled, having each
ed down the centre and cut from
toe around to the baok corner,
the sole pattern, folded, across'
waste piece, and cut that off?
1 longer than the pattern, roundit
at the baok for the heel. Stitoh
the heel, open the seam and run
i side. Baste the sole which has
l cut from another stocking to the
, stitch it, open it and run along
i seam, making it flat. Now, baste
sole and top of the foot together,
h and finish. By careful cutting,
can get five pairs of soles from one
of stocking -legs, and nearly all
kings can be cat down the second . :
i, thus making one pair do the
r of three pairs. .(#
KEEPING YEAST.
hen on a visit to my mother
t time ago, writes Olary Drury'
ett in the Farm, Field and Fire,
I learned something new about
ng yeast sponge for bread. At ' fl
it was new to me, and it may be
it will be new to some of our prachousekeepers.
Since J came home
ee given it two trials and eaoh haa
en a success. Set your sponge as ;
1 with yeast cake, then when you
e np your bread in the morning,
a teacnpful of the sponge in the
n which it was set to rise, and add
ndfnl of Corn meal. Set away in
place until the next baking day.
1 set again by adding three pints
rarm water and enough flcur to
a a stiff sponge. Set in a warm -5SS
3 three or fonr hoars before
ing ap yoar bread. I think this
better than the ordinary way bee
it does away with soaking the
t oake; then, too, \ it perpetuates
peast, making it less expensive if /
lonsewife has to bay it. It makes .
as good bread *and rises more1
kly than that made from the yeast.
i that yeast will keep fresh longer |
pt in an air tight vessel. Mason's- . j
i jars are good to keep it in, and . ~;
ithing almost every housekeeper Xsr
I have never tried the above
loi of keeping yeast sponge in the
nerk sol can not say whether it
d be practicable, but I like it i
h ^better than the old way during
rinter months when it is difficult %
iise bread on account of the cold
her.
REOJPES. .
iked Pears?Put the canned fruit '
pudding pan with sugar, a little
9r, water and teaspoon dissolved
starch; grate nutmeg over and
slowly half an honr. Serve warm
gingerbread.
ished Brown Potatoes?Fry oak
i slice3 of fat salt pork, skim oat
scraps, add pint ohopped cold
toes, salt and pepper. Mix welt
cook, then let brown and fold / - <
like an omelet.
da Muffins?One egg, one and
half caps sour milk, heaping tean
butter, half teaspoon soda, oneI
teaspoon salt, one and one-half
of milk, one pint dour. Make
arefully as cake; beat light and
quickly. -.*jm
nwn "RaMv?Fill a dish with alter
layers of bread crumbs and slioed
5s; season each layer with sugar.
n the dish is full (let crumbs be
ast), poor over milk to keep from. v
? too dry, and bake. Serve with
r and cream.
ach Canayes?Slice some stale
ge oake m square pieces one-half
thick, five in number; brown
. nicely on both sides in twotableufuls
of hot butter; place on a
and spread with the mixture from
cupfuls of preserved peaches,
ed and ponnded line; serve with
n.
icasseed Tomatoes?Canned tomaof
some brands are quite solid.
a the best and let the seeds and
be saved for soup. Slice, dust
over, frv a nice brown in butter
ift with broad knife to hot platPour
sweet cream in pan, season > \
salt and pepper,boil up and pour
tomatoes.
inch Bread?The French bread
b bakers is generally very good,
aay be made at home: Beat to>r
two eggs, four tablespoons
r, half-cup yeast, teaspoon salt
one pint of milk. Stir into two
:s of flour. Let rise, mould, and
risen again make into two long
s. Wet with milk when put to
?
d's-Nest Salad?Two cupfuls of
ge cheese, two tablespoonfuls of
a, one of melted butter, a dash of
er; if cheese has not been salted,
half-teaspoonful salt; mix thorly
together and form into balls
size of a bird's egg; have ready
lettuce (enough for live persons) ;
lge it in groups, to look like
; pour over them balf a cupful
ch dressing; place eggs in neeta
serve.
.