The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, September 04, 1895, Image 1
The Abbeville Press and Banner. 1
m
BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1895. ESTABLISHED 1844 ||
HE KILLED TECUMSEH.
An Appropriate Memorial to Vic? President
Richard M. Johnson. iy
Tho name of Richard M. Johnson as
a soldier and statesman will bevemetu
tatecl by a memorial
bust in the Th
halls of congress. 1
The bust, which i
fills a niche in t
the senato chamber,
attracts at- '
tention by the .
imposing pose of 18
the massive head ter
and the clearness sa*
It is the work of a*r
Mr. James Voor- uo'
THK JOHNSON BUST. . , ,, for
liees, sou of the
Indiana senator of that name. Its erec- *?
tion is due to a resolution passed by the "r
senate providing that busts of all the t!K
vice presidents who have presided over
that body be placed in the chamber .
overlooking the scene of their former ?ia
parliamentary labors. Johnson was vice
president during Martin Van Buren's as
administration, taking the oath of office sei'
in 1837. ru!
Richard M. Johnson's especial title
to tVio orntAfnl rAmnmhv.'iiifH of his ! P'"'
countrymen lies in the fact that to his sys
bravery was due the death of the famous
Indian leader, Tecumseh.and to his
heroic services in the war of 1812. He
was a native of Kentucky, and in his
veins flowed the lighting blood characteristic
of the blue grass country. He
was born in 1781, while Washington
was still alive and when the nation was
yet in it infancy. Early in 1800 he was
chosen as n representative in congress
from Kentucky.
In 1812, when the English and the
Indians had combined to attack the new
republic, Johnson was commissioned by
Secretary of War Levi Woodbury to
raise a regiment of a thousand Kentuck- y
ians. As their colonel he marched them
to attack the enemy, joining his force
with that of General William Henry ;
Harrison, who was then governor of Indiana
and leader of the American troops.
It was in the famous battle of the
i names, on ucc. o, jsio, tnac ^uiouei
Johnson showed conspicuously his bravery.
The American troops were con- ver
fronted by the allied forces of the Eng- yea
lish and Indians. The conflict was short, p0S
but desperate, the Americans being yea
victorious. At its close Tecumseh was
found dead on the field, and undoubt- tj,e
edly Johnson was the one who shot him. tra(
The desperate chief no doubt sought out 0f .
Johnson as a foeman worthy of his ear
steel, and in the hand to hand struggle ^
which ensued, Tecumseh lost his life an(]
and Johnson was badly wounded. for
When returned to congress soon after, out
Johnson was too weak from his wounds wr(
to walk, and his way to the capitol jj0
was a triumphal procession. His hero- pat
ism was recognized in a faint resolution rar,
of thanks passed by congress. He was ^,e]
later elected United States senator and gpr(
subsequently chosen vice president. p0S
lett
AN ENGLISH FINANCIER. to }
Sir Cliarles Rivers Wilson, the New President
of the Grand Trunk Railway. HP
Sir Charles Rivers Wilson, the new eac
president of the Grand Trunk railway, teir
is one of Great Britain's most eminent financiers.
He recently came from Lon- D?*'
don to America to investigate the affairs
of that great Canadian thoroughfare su8
with the view of placing the property K01
on a substantial paying basis. For some an(^
time, it appears, the affairs of the road J11111
have been in a rather baa way. rms is *v
Sir Charles' second visit to this conti- I
nent on a mission connccted with rail- ^rroad
financiering. He came here a year
ago as the representative of European ^1C
stockholders of the Central Pacific rail- ca^(
road, having in charge tho interests of ri?1
some $52,000,000 belonging to foreign P^(
investors in American securities. 1
Until recently Sir Charles Rivers ses?
Wilson was comptroller general of the ent
British national debt?an office which ^
he had held since 1873?and had charge ^y
of funds amounting to the stupendous
total of ?240,000,000, or about $1,400,sesf
ifl-f ?
^ 5 <
SIP. CHARLES RIVERS WILSON. gril
000,000 of oar money. The income tlii
from this vast sum amounts to about the
?15,000,000, all of which it was a part vis
of the duties of his office to invest. at i
Sir Charles is about 55 years of age, Loi
tall and thin. In his manner is a dis- otfc
tinct touch of Chesterfieldian polite- ne:
ness, and in conversation he is smooth toi]
and diplomatic, suggesting "the iron the
band in the velvet." of
Sir Charles rendered valuable service hei
to Great Britain and indeed to all in- | rec
vestors in Egyptian securities in 187G, dei
when as the representative of the Brit- gat
ish government he straightened out tho '
financial tangle in Egypt. He found the bu:
country practically bankrupt and its se- pul
curities almost valueless. Through his inj
efforts and negotiations, in connection ' oik
with representatives of other powers, , ou;
Egyptian securities were made valua- tio
ble, 450 acres of fertile lands, which act
Ismail Pasha had "annexed," were re- , wc
stored, and the finances and taxation of thi
the country placed on a basis of pros- coi
perity which had never seemed possible, j the
and of which the wretched and down- ou:
trodden fellahs had never dreamed, iul
He is at present one of the English gov- er
eminent directors of the Suea canal.
vmmmti . , .. _
ASSON'S (iOOD IDEA.
The
HAS BROUGHT ABOUT UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL
POSTAL RULES. tiaI
e Next Convention of the Universal
'ostal Union Will I5e Held In Washngton
In May, 1890?Something About /
he Work Then to He Done. kA
Of all tho co-opera tiro schemes that ??(
ve beeu set in motion by mankind, it //)
probable that the world's postal sysu,
everything considered, is the most
isfactory in its operations. So accns- M
ued, however, havo.wo become to its $
uost perfect workings that wo marvel r
t daily at tho astonishing fact that (
a pi/try 2 cents a letter may bo sent
anmxirt of tho United States and he
sljChtly larger sums to any part of froi
> ejpli; that the amorous epistlo of gU(]
> lover, the important communication ju ^
n?%/! fUr\ /Inillftr CJ/\- rr
till" UUOlUt'M 1IJU1J, UUH UilU ?jv
1 missive, no matter how long ruuy ji10
their journoy, are all quite as safe thu
if sent by the hand of a privato mes- lu;u
ger, probably safer, and surely, as a 0f j
e, delivered more promptly. ^im
Like many another of our highly non
zed modern institutions the postal jjjir
torn of the present is relatively of teFi
t^r
\ hosi
DON*. JOHN A. KASSOX. 0!
y recent date. For thousands of Q^0
irs mankind got along without any
tal system at all. For thousands of jj..
irs ordinary letters were carried by j
omever chanced to bo journeying in
direction they must be sent. Exordinary
letters, those upon business .
the state and the truly gr^at of the "
th were sent by carriers. The first
these two methods was very uncertain
1 the second altogether too expensive Cole
general adoption, and hence it fell
that few, even of the "classes," C
Dte often, while, among the masses, neei
who had in his life written and dis- a f
ched a half dozen letters was a nm
s exception. But rs the enlighten- capi
at of tho masses, infectionlike,. Geu
?ad from laud to land, the world's
tal system was developed. First,
:ers wore regularly borne from place
place for hire by common carriers;
n, little by little, governments took
letter transportation, and, by 1860,
h nation had a complete postal syst
within its own borders.
itill thero was uo uniformity of rates
ween nations, and in 1802 John A.
5son, then in congress from Iowa, .
gested to Postmaster General Mont- ?\;
uery Blair that tho complexities ;=ii
I inconveniences of international \\
il delivery might greatly bo lessoned \'
the holding of a world's convention
jostal officials. This seemed well to '
Blair, and he, in turn, mentioned ^
proposition to William A. Seward,
u secretary of state. He communijd
with tho postal authorities of vais
nations and so many favorable revs
were received that on May 11,
3, tho first postal congress began its
(ions in Paris, delegates being pres- lim:
from 15 countries, chiefly European, ferr
'hough but littlo was accomplished divi
the deliberations of that first con- Ne\
ss, tho ice was broken, so to speak, C
1 tho way paved for more fruitful unit
sions in the future. During tho next al e
years the United States authorities wit!
a lot of postal reformatory work by Stal
t of puro American pluck, persuasion, clos
I perseverance?a trio that will often Clc
i when well handled. By 1870 re- due
tions in postago between the United Wil
tes and some half hundred other na- was
is had been effected. The rate to tliej
many was cut down from 28 cents er.
i, that to Great Britain from 24 to duo
)tc. In 1874 a second postal congress ; con:
> hold, this timo at Bern, Switzer- j com
d, representatives of numerous gov- firn
ments being present, and organiza- { tior
is being effected uuder the title of : not
General Postal union. Very much. ' hav
s accomplished at this gathering, I to d
st important perhaps being the adop- J the
a of a uniform half ounce letter rate . lina
3 cents or 25 centimes, and 1 cent or j the
centimes for each two ounces or CO j A
iius of printed matter. In 1878 at the grai
rd congress tho name was changed to mai
i Universal Postal union, and pro- ed
ion for registration was made, and hon
still subsequent congresses held in aga
don in 1885 and Vienna in 1891 j Hai
ter improvements were adopted. The j C
ct congress is to bo held in Washing- i bril
i in May, 1890, and Edmund Hoebn, j in
i director of tho international bureau ; trai
the Universal Postal union, with was
idquarters at Bern, Switzerland, has and
ently visited the United States in or- ; We:
to make preparations for tho coming froi
hering. ; ate<
rhe chief objects of the international wit
reau of the union are to gather and Ho
blish all sorts of information concern- tho
; postal matters, to arrange differ- cost
;cs between postal authorities of vari- itor
j countries, to disseminate informa- Mil
n regarding new rules?in sliort, to can
; as a sort of clearing house for the of I
irld's postal business. Ono of the Ala
ngs to bo considered at tho coming tuni
igress is tho proposition to reduce -frc
) international rate to 2 cents a half lie!
tice, auother the proposition for an puL
;emational postago stump and anoth- ing
the adoption of a written constitu- ten
u. acu
INTO DARKEST AFRICA. . J
Hazardous Ventnre of a Band of
American Missionaries.
'ho recent brutal butchery of Chrisis
in China does not seem to deter
other missionaU
4 ries from seeking u
dangerous fields
*u u u c * yi^zed
a n ^ semicivil'ze<*
countries ^or
i/fk t'10 spread of the
gospel. In spite l>i
?f the dangers 111
' w ^ *c ^ await '"
tliem a small [ ,'
parly of religious a,
./ jjgrT ' wor^ers> compos- t:
vyffi 'ng the African IV
Inland mission, li:
,V. PETER C. SCOTT. jlas just Ket oufc VV
n Philadelphia for tho region of the
ian, tho most dangerous mission fielrl j.
lie world. u.
'ho party is under the leadership of |;
Rev. Peter Cameron Scott, an en- ?<
siastic and determined young clergy- ci
l. Ho has spent seven of the 28 years
liis life in Africa, two years of that
0 in the interior of the dark conti- T'
t. Among those who will accompany ^
1 on his perilous mission is his sis- ti
Miss Margaret Scott, who has re- cc
tly returned from missionary work ?
the Kongo river. Before beginning i'1
ir pilgrimage to darkest Africa they u
resseil the belief that they would be j*1
lessfui in overcoming the supersti- _
is and bitter prejudices of tho sav- b
s and were full of hopo and courage, g;
t is tho purpose of Mr. Scott and his ti
>ciates to land at Mombasa, on the h
:ern coast of Africa, and proceed at ^
0 to Mount Kilima-Njaro, where a ^
ion will bo established. From this ^
jt the missionaries will work northd
along the mountains of tho Sudan, %
little if any Christian missionary ti
k has hitherto been done in this vast
ion of eastern Africa, where there ^
90,000,000 people wholly without 8j
teachings of the gospel. It is ac- n.
wledged to be the most perilous mis- c.
1 field in the world, both on account e
he climate and the bitter hatred and b
tility of the Moslems, who hold al- ei
it undisputed sway in that portion of h
dark continent. Facing the dangers
disease, the savage natives and the g(
}d thirsty and marauding Arabs, this w
le band of Christian teachers carry
ir lives in their hands, and that some bi
ill of them will be sacrificed on the H
? pflomQ mnTQ flinn tl
1 UJL UUCiX UOVUl'lUU ObVJLUu uiviw v^.
jable. P'
q
HE REFUSED TO DRINK. H
ci
?nol Wilson Declined to Imbibe With ai
tbe President of the United States. P'
oloucl Jobn M. Wilson of the engir
corps of the United States army is
nmiliar and popular figure in the ni
itary and social life of the national w
ital. By virtue of the retirement of tl
leral Henry L. Abbot under the age ?
ci
COLONEL JOHN M. WILSON. ^
it Colonel Wilson was recently trans- oj
ed from Washington to the northeast c?
sion, which includes New York and tl
v England. n<
olonel Wilson has had tho rather w
]U0 and, for an army officer, unnsn
xperience of having refused to drink d<
li two presidents of the United
:es. The first occasion was at the
e of tho long and fatiguing day of bi
reland's first inauguration, in con- ct
ting tho details of which Colonel T
son had an important part. When it tc
all over tho president suggested that
7 take a "quiet littlo drink" togethA
decanter of whisky was proed.
With a moral courage not less tl
spicuous than had been his physical fi
rage in the time of war the colonel P:
ilir rlo^linorl thft invitation of tha na- C1
t's chief executive, saying, "I can- jjj
join you in a drink of whisky, for I lz
e never drunk spirits and nover mean f]
[o so.'' Tho colonel therefore pledged q
president's health in a glass of apol- g
iris. Ho had a similar experience on v*
occasion of Harrison's inauguration.
lS before, the president, after contulating
him upon the successful ^
lagement of the ceremonies, suggest- e]
that they take a drink together in t<
or of the occasion. Colonel Wilson
in declined, and drank President
rison's health in a glass of water.
,'olonel Wilson has had a rather ^
liaut military career and combines d
a high degree the distinguishing 6<
ts of a soldier and a gentleman. He
; born in tho District of Columbia, ^
is about 55 years of age. He entered ^
it Point in 1855, being appointed -t\
n Washington territory, and gradu- c;
1 in 1800, joining the engineer corps, tl
h which he has since been connected, v
served with distinction all through ?
war of the rebellion and was sue- c:
- v
lively promoted lor gallant ana mer- ^
ious scrvico in the battle of Gaines C(
1, Va., at Malvern Hill, during the
lpaign around Mobile, in tho capture
Spanish Fort and at Fort Blakeley,
.. His present rank is that of lieutut
colonel of engineers. During P'
sident Cleveland's two terms ho has ^
il tho position of superintendent of r]
die buildings and grounds at Wash- b
ton. For four years ho was superin- ai
[lent of the United States Military si
tlemy at West Point. 11
'ARM, FIELD AND GARDEN
ATTER RELATING TO SUBJECT
OF GENERAL INTEREST.
inta ou Cider Making That Will I'roi
Valuable Alike to Large and Srna
Produce*! of This IJeverage?Tlirenhlr
Corn by Machinery.
October and November are the usu;
der making' months and the later it
lauo the better it will keep. Good cid<
mnot be made from defective, unripe <
irtly rotten apples, and the use of tliei
>r making cider should in all cases I
roidi'd Not half enough care is usual!
iken in (bis respect. As a matter (
u-t it will pay. oven after all unlit on<
live been rejected in gathering them, 1
asli the fruit clean and spread it in tl
in to dry. oven to the point of wiltin;
>r the more water that can be evaporate
ora it at this stage the better the cidi
ill be. Another fact not very general!
uown is that the best table apples ai
it the ones tij.it will make the be;
(k-r.
The best machine for grinding npph
ir the press is one that will crush tliei
ither 1.huii one that rasps or grates the:
ito pulp. For this purpose nothing
2ttcr adapted to it for a farmer's u;
ia:i the typical old fashioned cider mil
msisting of a sweep, a hopper, a r
jiving box and two upright wooden cv
iders, where I lie one with cogs is mat
> turn the other, and the two crush tl
pples as they fall between them from tl
upper. Other machines are in use whei
reater capacity and speed are require!
nt 110110 that do better work. Whe
round the pomace should lie in tl
ougli over night, or from ten to iiftec
ours, before it is pressed. Straigh
ean straw is the best straining materi
>r laying up the cheese, and all tubs <
in ols used should be thoroughly cleansc
afore a second using.
Freezing and thawing will injure cidi
rcatlv unless it is drawn off at ow
oiu the ice. which may be left to r
tain, and when melted will be nothir
lit water. Cider thus drawn off will 1
reatly improved by the abstraction i
ie frozen water, and there is no oth
ay ill which the same amount of wat
m bo taken from it without injur
vaporaticg the same quantity of wati
y boiling would ruin the cider for a be
rage. Cider should 011 no account, be tl
ited with water in any part of the pr
;ss of making, and in storing it aw:
* 1 ' <?- 4
le cooler me icmperumre u? mc pun,
) long as it does not freeze, the better
ill keep.
Of all the cider apples known, none a
utter than those called the Virginia i
[ewes crab. This, is a small apple a li
e larger than the common wild crab, ax
erfectly destitute of any of the go(
ualities of an apple to be eaten. T1
Harrison apple is another excellent sort f<
der. Tho trees are hardy and vigorou
ad except in unfavorable seasons, ha^
roved abundant bearers. When rip
le apple has a better flavor than tl
ab, but is rarely gathered for any othi
urpose than cider, for which the juice !
early matches that of the crab thi
here they are grown in the same orchai
icy aro usually ground together. Tl
:d crab uid Waugh's crab are also fii
der apples.
Outside of the special cider apples, it
le general experience that the fruit <
iedling trees, or natural fruit, as It
tiled, makes better cider than the mo:
Dpular varieties of table apples.
When properly made, crab cider
ighly esteemed for its good body ar
larkling quantities, and large quantitii
*e no doubt manufactured and sold i
mmpagne. To treat it properly, it shori
3 cleansed from all foreign matter, scu
id sediment, without arresting fermo:
ition by scalding it, or by the use i
lemicals. This should bo done by lettir
stand in large open casks holding thri
r four barrels until a slight fermentatic
as taken place, causing a considerab
:um to rise to the surface to be skimm<
I, and to givo time for the fine pul{
irticles held in solution to fall to tl
sttom in the form of sediment.
The cider, after having thus purified i
?lf, is drawn off through faucets plac<
> high in the casks that the sedimei
ill not run out with it, and is eithi
irreled at ouce or more general]
.rained into the barrels through filte:
clean saud, when it is stored in a co
:llar ready for sale or use. Occasional]
le suppressed fermentation will make
scessavy to give it vent temporaril;
hich can be done with a small gimlet i
le side of the bung. The necessity f<
jing this wiil be shown by a bulgir
ltward of the heads from the grei
ressure of the gas from fermentatioi
ad when this is relieved the hole shon
3 stopped as soon as it may be withoi
lusing the barrel to leak from the strai:
he treatment above is equally appllcab
> cider made from apples of other vari
es.
Sowing Wheat.
Care should b? taken to use none to
le best of seed savedfrom crops that we:
ee from rust or smut. Ezperienco hi
rnvpm drilling to be so superior to broa
ist sowing that it is now the most cot
ion practico. As good results will cor
lonly follow from 200 pounds of ferti
;er to tho acre, drilled in, as from doub
io amount scattered broadcast. It
uitc iicpcrtant for tho young wheat
ct a goo:! start and a vigorous growth i
ell rooted plants so as to safely pa
irough tho winter and spring. This ear
;art (3 materially tided by the fertilize
nd besides tliia, most of our wheat lane
ro often lacking in ono or more necessai
ements that commercial manures adapt<
) the crop will supply.
Commercial Fertilizers.
It is quite true that some farmers a
iopting the practice of buying their ow
lemicals and doing tho mixing ther
Jives, DUL compouaoiug- iu? jumisnaia io
right proportion, so p.s to get ju
bat is needed in a concentrated fori
iquircs skill as well as experience. I
tany manufacturers aro now engaged i
jo business, wilb all the appliances ne
isary for doing tlio work economical
jat it is thought in most eases mom
ill Do oaved by buying what is want<
[ready prepared for use. Still there a:
xses where home mado fertilizers cor
aro favorably with those made by ma:
facturcrs, and, it is claimed, at a lei
?st.
TkrcsLiug Com by Machinery.
The idea of threshing corn by machiner
lys The American Cultivator, is mo
ijpular in theory than in practice. It
ell enough on paper to talk of puttir
irougk several hundred bushels per dt
ad tearing tho cornstalks to shred
ut it will use moro coal to run thoengii
ad require a heavier forco to handle cor
talks and grain than is ever got aroui
thresher on any other kind of jrrain.
j BUI ItH I IN KKIIN I 5 MIN U KAL<r\*UC)f?
Arguments In Favor of and Against Wui
c Popular "Print" Form.
In the best retail butter markets, sa^a
Henry E. Alvord in American Cultivator,
there is a very general preference for tb?
"print" form. Purchasers want thai*
'? butter attractive in appearance, and ?a
U they select the small rolls, pats or block*,
H round, square or brick shaped, generally
bearing some design or trade mark,
stamped or pressed upon the butter,
nl which gives to this class of the article thw
is name of "prints." This preference id
it simply one of the many pieces of evidence,
>r afforded by retail markets, of the close rein
lation of the eye and appetite, and the im10
portance of "the looks of the thing" la
v selling any food product.
it There is another side, however, to the
>3 print butter subject which ?is not often
o considered. Those persons most particuie
lar about their butter regard its most important
qualities to be sweetness, freshness
;d and high flavor. We all know butter to be
sr an extremely perishable produce, injured,
iy even when carefully made, by exposure to
re air and the contaminations which are conit
veyed in the air. This is the reason so
much attention has been given to butter
Dackaees of all kinds. The more butter
in Is exposed to the air, the greater are the
m chances of its injury. The print form,
la especially if the prints are small, offers
a the greatest surface exposure. The
1, print is the very worst form in which
o- butter can be put for preserving its delir
]. cate flavors. Small rolls stand best in
In this respect. In both cases the danger of
in injury is lessened ky wrapping in a napui
kin, or cloth saturated with brine. The
ra waxed, or parchment paper which has
i, come into use within & few years, also
>a furnishes a good protection. If butter is
id to be printed at all, every print or lump
:n should be carefully and closely wrapped
t, in the waterproof paper, to make a packal
age as nearly air tight as possible, before
)t leaving the dairy room where it is made.
:d Thus protected, if well cooled and firm,
the closer the prints are packed and kept,
or till sold or used, the better. To facilitate
close packing the square and brick forms
e- are preferable to the roll and round print
i(j or "pat."
M But there is another objection to printat
ing butter. The best judges of butter and
er most successful makers, at the present
er day, advise handling it, with or without
y. tools, as little as possible. "Working" is
ur almost omitted in some of the most parv
ticular dairies, and much butter from
li- large creameries having the highest repuo
tation is actually not worked at all. In
iy making print butter, however, a good deal
e, of manipulation is necessary. Very jjenit
erally the whole process of putting into
print form is just so much extra handling
r* I after the butter is at its best. This need
ojp less handling or working injures the grain
t- of the butter. Overworking is the most
id common fault in butter.
)d If butter is packed into tub, jar or
ie other package, as directly from the churn
or as possible, these serious objections to
3, print butter are avoided. The wonder is
re that small consumers do not learn the ade,
vantage of small packages, in which butja
ter is packed in bulk. In some markets
ar five pound boxes and little pails holding
so six, eight and ten pounds, have become
at quite popular. But, while cheap and conrd
venient, wood Is by no means the best
ie material in which to pack butter. Glass
10 is the best, or porcelain, and stoneware
next. For local trade there is nothing
is better than well glazed stone jars. The
of butter is thus protected from the air, and
is its grain and flavors well preserved,
re Moreover the maker is saved the labor
and actual expense of putfing tho butter
is into print form, and this is quite an item.
id
38 About Hybrid Plants.
At the Nurserymen's convention at Detroit,
Mich., Thos. Meehan, an authority
m in such matters, said:
a* A plant with comparatively sour fruit
has a seedling with eweet fruit. Insects
or the wind carry the pollen of the par36
ent, or those like the parent, to the new
,D departure, and the next generation produces
fruit neither sweet nor sour. The
j adventurous younster is back again to
'y ward the ranks. It is next to impossible
10 to make any good use of hybridizing or
crossing improving fruits. In the origi*T
nation of new races it is. however, invaluabio.
There was a time when people belived
hybrids were sterile. They saw
that the poor mule was sterile, and
v jumped at the conclusion that that was a
law in all things. Truly some hybrids
are sterile, but then there are numerous
'7 cases of sterility among individuals not
" hybrids. American horticulturists surely
y* know that hybrids are not necessarily
sterile. Rogers, of Salem, over a quar5r
ter of a century ago produced a new race
of grapes between two species. We all
" know this race is not sterile. The race
j1* having been once established has given
^ them by natural variation a great advance.
tL j
ta ; How to Build a Chimney.
i To build a chimney that will draw forI
ever and not fill up with soot, says
i Scientific American, you must build it
,f I large enough?sixteen inches square; use
^ j good brick and clay instead of lime up to
1S J the comb; plaster it inside with clay mixed
,1 ! with salt; for chimney tops use the very
U" ' * " ? ? -? 1 J 1 .V
a. | Dest or Dricn, wet ^^euJ uuu tucm iu
j cement mortar. The chimney should not
[j. be built tight to beams and rafters; there
j3 is where the cracks in your chimneys
j3 come anrl where most of the fires origito
nate, as the chimney sometimes gets red
hot. A chimney built from cellar up is
ss better and less dangerous than one hung
j? on the wall. Don't get your stovepipe
p hole too close -to the ceiling?eighteen
2' inches from it.
" Of General Interest.
The experiments of Dr. Yoelcker, of the
Royal society of England, proves that
manure gradually depreciates by keeping,
even under the very best managers
ment. It gains in water and loses in
rU valuable organic matter, which is spent
p- in the fermentation.
5 The report of the Ohio experimental
station is that whole potatoes have invariably
given better results than cut ones,
in Butter pails and pans should always be
c- scalded well with water in which a little
y, baking soda has been dissolved, to re;y
move any odors that may not have been
2d entirely removed with the first washing,
L'8 for a very slight particle will soon destroy
a- tin best butter. Sunshino is very good,
a- but it don't always find tho littlo seams
sa and cracks that often cause much trouble.
As soon as any crop is harvested the
! ground should be cleared and something
j elso planted to keep tho soil covered and
y? j excludo weeds that may run to seed and
| givo trouble next year.
ig j A little timo used in the care of the
iv I harness will make it last much longer. I)
gp I will also bo more comfortable for the
j horse if kept soft and pliable.
u- Empty the water dishes for poultry at
id | each feeding, wash clean and refill vviti
j cool, fresh water.
ft
High Noon.
Time's finger on tbe dial of my life
Points to high noon. And yet tbe balf-spent n<
day, je
Leaves less than half remaining! For the
dark. a,'
Bleak shadows of the grave engulf the end. tfc
Those wuoburu the candle to the stick
The sputtering socket yields but little light.
Long life Is sadder than early death.
We cannot count on raveled threads of age A
Whereof to weave a fabric, we must use
Tbe warp and woof tbe ready present yields, f.
And toll while daylight lasts. When I be- LC
think m
How brief the past, the future, still more sc
brief.
Calls on to action, action ! Not for me ai
is time for retrospection or for dreams; D<
Xot time for self-laudation or for remorse. jj
Have i done nobly ? Then I must not let
Dead yesterday unborn to-morrow shame 1/21
Have I done wrong? Well, let the bitter taste cc
Of fruit tbat. turned to ashes on my lip
Be my reminder In temptation's honr, .
And keep me silent when I would condemn,
,J .. fh
ouuicbiiuco ib Lixn.cn lucaum ui a oiu ui
To cleanse ihe clocded windows of our souls
So pity may shlue through them. Looking .
buck cr
My faults Rnd errors 6eem like stepping en
stones ft
That led the way to knowledge of the truth
Aud made me value virtue! Sorrows shine e:
In ralubow colors o'er the gulf of years w
Where lie forgotten pleasures. Looking forth
Oat to the Western sky, still bright with noon1
teei well spurred and booted for the strife,
That ends not till Nirvana Is attalued. hi
Battling wltb fate, with men, and with myself.
Up the steep Summit of my life's forenoon, ic
Three things I learned?three things of pre- fr
clous wortb? hj
I have learned how to pray, and toll, and save; ..
To pray tor courage to receive what comes.
Knowing what comes to be divinely sent: tr
To toll for universal good, since thus tr
And only thus, can good come unto me:
To save, by giving whatsoever I have P1
To those who have not?this alone is gain. ill
?Ella Wilcox Wheeler. jn
CC
CHICKAMAUGA BATTLEFIELD ?
bt
so
THE GREAT TRANSFORMATION OF THE a?
FAMOUS FIELD. "J
W
The Field of Carnage Is Now A Nat- 111
w
lonnl Park.?To be Dedicated Sept. tl
19 nnd 20 in the Premeut of the Presl- 11
dent. eI
pi
Chickamauga, Aug, 2S.?The Unit- L
ed States has wrought a great transfor- tr
mation upon the old battle grounds of R
Chickamauga. Park to be dedicated c?
Sept. 19th and 20th in the presence of oi
the President of the United States, th
congressmen and senators and all the ti.
governors of the various States who tl
will find itconvenientto be there,prom- ti
ises to be one of the great events of the di
year, in which all the nation will be ce
interested.
Three years ago a bill was passed by of
Congress appropriating large sums of ju
money for establishing a National |a
Military Park on this historic spot. A L
commission was appointed consisting li
of Gens. J. S. Fullerton, Federal; T
Gen. A. P. Stewart, Confederate ; and vi
Maj. Frank G. Smith, of the United tr
States regular army, and to their care tc
was entrusted the task of establishing jo
such memorials upon Chickamauga hi
battlefield as might serve a national ta
military object lesson illustrative of
American patriotism, American pride, bi
aud American valor. G
During the three years that have h<
elapsed, the work of beautifyiug this w
celebrated spot has steadily progress- er
ed, and now the commissioners an- p<
nounce ready for the opening of the iv
park and invite the dignitaries of the d]
land and all veterans of the civil war, hi
who wore both blue and grey, to join di
in the celebration of the anniversary fe
of this historic battle, at the dedication at
this year. bi
More than 6,000 acres of ground, t<
whereon the battle was fought, have G
been purchased by the Government, oi
hundreds of beautiful monuments w
erected at heavy expense, observation
towers have been constructed on every bf
historic hill-side, forty miles of turn- f0
pike road have been graded through
the ground, and paved with crush
lime-stone, and the national flag now
waves from a lofty pinnacle, over a ie
scene of beauty and rare charms. di
The undertaking has been colossal, at
aud executed upon no trilling plan, se
At a cost of more than three-quarters,
of a million dollars the Government cc
has wrought many changes upon this
historic field, every inch of which has n<
crumpled beneath the tramp of clash- er
ing armies and heroes of one of the ro
fiercest battles of the late conflict be- St
tween the States. In addition to the al
amounts appropriated from time to C<
time by the National Congress, thirty- ai
three States have added, through their fr<
Legislatures, large sums of money
donated for the purpose of building G
?...? tturfimilur mints ll(
IDOI1 uuieumj uu luv ...
which mark the deeds of bravery of to
their respective troops in the engage- ve
ment. fr<
The State of Ohio, which contribut- u<
ed more soldiers than any other State ar
in the Union to the fight at Chicka- ti<
inauga, appropriated $100,000 and ap- fo
pointed a commission to make expeu- in
diture of money in the direction bf
named; the State of Illinois appro- N
priated nearly $40,000 ; Minnesota nas er
erected many expensive monuments; m
New York has a splendid represents- er
tion ; Missouri has expended $5,000, el
building historical markers; and Indiana,
Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, es
Massachusetts, Michigan, Pennsyl- tb
vania, Texas. Tennessee, Virginia, tb
Wisconsin, Georgia, Florida, South br
Carolina and North Carolina have all th
appointed commissions to co-operate be
with the National Commissionsin the tii
work of clearing up all disputed points
of history.
Some of the monuments that have
been built by the States are expensive
and elaborate, the work being chielly n(
of marble and bronze. The Govern- j)f
rnent has built eight pyramidal mouuments,
which are located upon the jn
spots where fell the eight commauders fu
of the brigades in this fierce aud a
furious battle-storm ; four of these m
brisradier cenerals fell on the Union ^
side and four on the Confederate siue. ^
There is a world of interest in the cr
old battlefield as it appears today. To ^
the traveller, driving through the so
park, the monuments confront the eye to
here and there throughout the great jn
area of wild woods, in conspicuous re- m
lief. Upon each of these monuments ai]
is inscribed a bit of history of the bat- j
tie, telling what happened upon that W(
particular spot during the three terrible Qj?
days of the frightful onslaught of the tn
j two arm its. , ni
Hriol History ol (lie Itnllle. i'^'1
an
I The battle ot Chickamauga, resulting
in the death of 2'!,OIK) soldiers, as
brave as every rushed into a battle front
where the stilling smell of smoke and tai
carnage came hottest has gone to his- on
tory as the American Waterloo. s?*i
The United States Government could
3t have selected a more appropriate
jld for the building of a military obct
lesson to exemplify the bravery
id heroism of American patriots than
lese battle grounds, and future genations
will learn there for years to
ime the mearure and standard of
merican valor aud gallantry.
It was on the 18th of September, 1863
lat the first bombshell at Chickaauga
burst over Reed's bridge and
attered consternation among the
mies that had encamped on two ophite
hillsides close at hand. The -'s
nion army had sent a detachment of
il vary men down to the bridge to remnoiter.
They had been instructed
i cross the bridge, ascertain the where)out
of the enemy's lines and tear up
le planks on the bridge in order that
le Confederates might not use it in
ossing Chickamauga creek. The
ivalrymen had just finished loosening
ie planks on the bridge when a bomb
ipioueu over iueir neaas sua tney
ere sent off' galloping down the creek
i find another crossing place, the shell
isplacing several of the planks they
ad on Reed's bridge.
There was a great deal of skirmishig
immediately after the first shot
om the Cnnfederate batteries which
id been concealed near the bridge in
ie thick undergrowth that covered
le whole face of that region of couny.
But the battle of Cbickamauga
oper did not begin in dead earnest ^ 't
atil the next day wnen General Bragg
i charge of the Confederate forces
ashed with the Union troops under
iramantl of General Rosecrans and
ecipitated what was promised in the
;ry outset to be one of the deadliest
ittlesof the Civil War. The Union
>ldiers were at considerable disadvant;e,
not being accustomed to the
ountainous country about, but they
ere waging a furious fight all the
orning of the 18th of September and
ould have certainly whipped the bate
but for the timely arrival of Genal
Longstreet from the Virginia camugn
with bis legions of tigers.
ongstreet landed his men from the
ain on the Western and Atlantic
ailroad on the 18th at a little station
illed Ringgold. They had not been
i the battlefield half an hour before
ley found themselves right in the
lickest of the fight. They entered
ie engagement with that determina*
on which marked Longstreet'a sollers
during the entire war and did not
i&se fighting when night came. .
The next day was Sunday, the 20th
' September and the two armies were
t tierce engagement all day. It was
f a t n f Kn offflHWAAn r\C I'Uni- <1??
to iu iuc amotuuuii *ji iuau uay tuab
ongstreet's men broke the Federal
ne near the old Brotherton House. '
be exact spot is at the corner of a
ist field and a neck of woods, and is
larked today by four handsome histrical
tablets of iron which the Nat>nal
Military Park Commissioners $
ave had placed to mark this impor.nt
incident in the battle. '
Even after Longstreet bad thus
:oken the backbone of the battle.
eneral Thomas, of the Union army
jld his ground on 8nodgrsss Hill
ith obstinancy and bravery seldom
[ualled in a battle between such desjrate
men. He was finally ordered
Y General Rosecrans to retreat and
d so with seeming reluctance. If
i had not held out so manfully as he
d, nobody can tell, but that the Conderates
would have followed up the
my of Rosecrans and swept them for
ick into the mountains of Northern
gnnessee before General Grant and
eneral Sherman could have arrived
i the scene to get in their deadly.work
hich followed subsequently when
;he battle among the clouds," and the
ittle of Missionary Ridge were
ught.
About (he Dedication.
There will probably be more old soldrs
from both sides gathered at the decation
of the National Military Park
f'hinlrumannrA. than hav? bvppp as
mbled since the war.
The celebration of the event will ocir
on the 19th and 20th of next Septnber
and already the City of Chatta- M
>oga is making every preparation to
itertaia the armies in blue grassraost
yally. The Pr&sident of the United
ates will deliver an adilressand formly
dedicate the park. Both House of
ingress nave been invited to attend
id all the governors of the States that
am the Union.
The annual encampment of the
rand Army of the Republic will be . ty
;ld in Louisville, Ky., the week prior
the dedication and it will be conmient
for thousands of the veterans
om the North to run down to Cbatta)oga,
which is not a short dstance
id witness the grandest demonstra- ' \
>n every bad by the two armies, that
ught under Grant and Lee. It will,
point of fact, be a rousing reunion :
>tween the men of the South and the
orth and will do much toward oblitating
sectionalism and binding the
eu of America in the spirit ot brothhood
which should predominate all
se.
There is already a va9t deal of intert
manifested in the undertaking
trough the South aud the West and
ie North in common, and the cele ation
gives full promise of proving
teclimax to the recent season of li rality
and loyalty between all secerns
of the Republic. ?
Ill fciije nun amis uu?iv>>
Of all the love affairs in the world
>ne cau surpass the true love of a big
>y for bis mother. It is pure and noe,
honorable to the highest degree
both. I do not mean merely a duti1
affection. I mean a love that makes
boy gallant^ and courteous to his
other, saying to everybody plainly
at he is in love with h4r. Next to
e love of u husband, nothing so
owns a woman's life with honor as
is second love, this dovotion of a
n to her. I never yet knew a boy
turn out.bad who began by falling
love with his mother. Any man
ay fall in love with a fresh-faced girl,
id the man who is gallant with the
rl may cruelly neglect his worn and
eary wife ; but the boy who is a lover
his mother in her middle age is a
:ie knight, who will love his wife as
uch in her sere-leaved autumn a9 he
il in the daisied springtime.?Wom\s
Signal.
Kxaet obedience, in the smallest dels,
is an indispensable element if
e would do great tilings in God's
vice.
, r
:a