The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, January 23, 1889, Image 7
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AGRICULTURAL
TOPICS OF INTEREST RELATIVE
, TO FARM AN D G ARDEN.
Shoes for 0\en.
II In the early days, when the oxen were
ised only on soft ground,and when even
he roots were soft, o.\eu were used gen*
:ra!ly without finding much difficulty in
heir feet. But those which traveled
ong distances, even then, had to be
hod. A footsore ox team is almost
worthless for work. The art of shoeing
>xen is almost a lost one. If some blackmiths
in country places would learn
low to 6hoe oxcd there would be an
ocrease in ox teams in many places.?
IIAmerican uuuitaior.
r The Season of Horse Blankets.
1 Every kind-hearted man who owns a
horse should provide his animal with a
Comfortable blanket, both for stable
wear and for covering when hitched out
Df doors. Nor is it a matter of kindness
of heart alone, l>ut is really a matter of
economy with the owner of the horse.
A.n animal which is kept comfortably
blanketed will keep in good condition
Ind come out in the spring in better
gondition for hard work on less feed
pan one that is atlorded none but its
latural protection. The cost of the
blanket will be more than saved in the
ted, besides adding to the physical
[omfort and appearance of the beast.
i When purchasing blankets it is an
Ibject to get the best for your money,
ind the cheapest are not always those
tlm li.net nf- thp start. A fTOO.l
blanket, which will prove durable aud
last, is the cheapest in the end.? (hi- j
co us in Agri ulturalUt.
Pec-Hivos in Winter.
Entrances to bee-hives may be entirely
closed in cold weather, and snow filling
up the entrances or covering the hives
entirely will do no harm, writes a Western
apiarist. He adds that the hives
and bees should be let alone, for it will
do them hunn to shovel the snow away.
In very cold weather the bees are in comfortable
quarters when covered with
snow?hence let them remain undisturbed.
On the approach of a warm
(day, when the snow is about gone away,
the entrances may be opened, but he
irould rather stop the entrances with
more snow than allow the bees to come
out and fly while the ground is covered
with snow. From this they may be prohibited
by heaping up snow about the
entrance of the hive. Bees cannot endure
alighting upon snow, and heavy
losses occur when they are allowed to do
so.?Ne>c Ycrk IVi ncm.
Wounds From Harbed Wire.
Valuable stock will often get into
KmUnrl.TOirn fonrps 7t ia well to have
some simple remedies at hand, as njauy
of the cuts, if taken in time, may be
readily cured, while if neglected, an unsightly
scar may remain, seriously impairing
the value of the animals. Ordinary
liniments and salves are generally too
severe, even when the latter is plentifully
mixed with lard, tays Jireeltr and Stockpian,
which journal lecommends the following:
A preparation consisting of one part
turpentine and two parts lard wid soothe
the wound and keep nway flies- Deep
cuts can be healed thus without leaviLg
a scar. liut if the ani:r al is not in good
condition blocd-poisoning may ensue
and death follow, l'ine tar applied to
the parts afftcted will al*o keep away
flies, but it has a tendency to harden
the bare flesh and render it more
painful. A salve made of bittersweet
and a little pine tar mixed with it will
heal the wound and keep away flies.
* i l.J ?: /
urainary cuis on u uaroeu-wire iem;e,
'when the animal is iu yood health, will
often heal rapidly without any application
whatever, provided the Hies are
kept away. A simple remedy, which
will not only keep away the insect9, but
will drive out maggots from wounds
where they are found and heal them
rapidly is the following: '1 ake the inside
hark of the elder and boil in lard until a
strong salve is made. Add a littie tar.
Apply plentifully and as frequenily as
necesssary. and unless the wound is extremely
seveie, it will soon heal.
The Flavor of Eirgs.
When a great deal of chandlers'
greaves of a rank or mus-ty quality has
been fed fowls the flavor is perceptible
not only in their flesh but in their eggs.
Also the odor of garlic and some other
strong flavored things may be found in
the eggs after the poultry has eaten a
great deal <f such substances. Ordi
natily the flavor of the eggs is not
atfccted enough by a change of diet to
make nnv noticeable difference. When
hen? are fed very largely on milk the
yolk is lignt in color, and the white is
less filmy .u texture. The more concentrated
nud nutiitious the food the richer
and better the egg*. Also the ej:gs
from thrifty fowl- at the beginning " of
the laying, before the fowl's strength
has been reduced, are richer and more
capable of producing vigorous chickens
thau near the close of laying. The
reason why fowls fed on "slops," etc.,
are able to give no better eygs to their
owners is because you demand the "tale
of brick" of your servants, but you give
them no straw to make ihirn wi h. j
C-?u contains all the best and most uu- ;
tritious portions of the milk, without
its objectionable, watery qualities, t'.ut
the true feed for laying fowls is one-third
or one-quarter Indian corn, ground or
otherwise, and oats or wheat, together
with milk aud whatever snaps from the
house are obtainable, and as much green
vegetable food as they will eat; and
these, combined aud fed properly, your
eggs will be of the true gold and silver
stamp?when the cook's fire has refined
them and prepared them as a relish for
your breakfast.?Nco Yor.c Htrald.
Art of Cattle Feeding.
I Much has been said in regard to the
feeding of cattle and the various ways
I of preparing food. But mischief is
done by leaving out of the question the
ditlerencea in the various conditions milder
which cattle are fed. In some cases
one way may be the best that would be
the worst in others. No doubt grinding j
grain is economical for cows and for a
house-reared steer which is fed for a
farmer's domestic supply of meat. But
when a number of cattle are fed the la bor
of feeding meal and of tying up the
animals m stalls eats up the profit, es peciaily
now that 6to:k are so low in [
price. I am feeding a number of beeves,
both young anil mature, and 1 have
found that unhusked corn is better liked
by the stock and is more economical
than meal. The cattle eat more, digest I
the food Letter, make more growth, and '
are easily managed. Even yearlings do
Bbetter upon this cheap food.
Tho question of open-air feeding a>
compared with tight and warm barns is j
Manotner which has two side*. I ast year
l fed twenty head of cuttle in a lot by j
themselves through the winter on hay,
with a small quantity of ear corn. They
were never under a roof, and have
ranged in a wood all the summer. A
Blew weeks ago I brought three of this
lot into a comfortable barn and pat them
^ stalls to be fattened. Thej all lost
j appetite, became restless, and lost !
weight rapidly, and after a month's I
! trial they were turned out again. The j
habits of the cattle and several othei
circumstances must be considered before i
the feeder can profitably adopt new I
methods or apply what are commonly !
called scientific practices. And as regards
the matter of warmth, it is un- j
i|Ue-tionable that an animal tied in a barn I
at a temperature of forty degrees will be |
very much colder than one in the open |
air in a sheltered lot at twenty degrees
lower temperature.
Another very common impression pre- ,
vailing among those who write for the |
instruction of farmers, but which is op- i
posed to the experience of some, is that j
> . . r , 1-LI. il TI7l,of I
"goou siock is always saiauie. mmi .
is good stock? Generally it is supposed [
to be the pure-bred or crosses of it. and j
which arc consequently costly. But more j
truly, good stock consists of those kinds
of animals that are the best suited for the j
circumstances in which they are kept ;
and for the purposes of the owners. |
Scrub cattle, making r>00 or (500 pouuds |
of beef, are good stock for some places, |
and the common run of cows that can be
sold for beef at any time are often more
profitable than the most costly Jerseys.
I have a lot of common cows that I can
sell readily fer $20 to s*o0. My next
neighbor has a lot of pedigree Jersey
cows which cost him an average of $2uU
each. He is vainly offering calves for
eac h. It is clear that I have the best
stock for the locality and circumstances,
although elsewhere it might be the worst.
In cons:deriug all such questions it must
not be forgotten that circumstances alter
cases always.?JVew? York Times.
Farm and Garden Notes.
ly banked up.
The Polish fowl is recommended ns
perhaps the handsomest of all varieties
ot domestic poultry.
Old newspapers or brown wrapping
paper tan be used for rendering the
poultry house warm.
The more an animal in exposed the
less it will produce, either of pork, wool,
mutton, beef or milk.
Cold, filth and insufficient ventilation
are the usual causes of roup in poultry,
according to one writer.
Cream needs stirring frequently, to
mix the different skimmings and to
aerate and ripen it evenly.
Do not make a mistake in building the
poultry house too high. The windows
should face the south and east.
Care well for the feet and legs of horses
when putting them into the stable and
so prevent scratches and lameness.
The farmer who has a big straw stack
has no excuse lor allowing his stock to
suffer by exposure to cold or storms.
With very little timber and plenty of
straw, rough but warm shelter may be
provided at little cost except for labor.
(drafts can be cut in the middle of
winter, but they are not usually of as
strong vitality as if cut earlier in the
fall.
To cut down taxes stop up the cracks
in the stables. Town, County and State
taxes are not the only ones the shiftless
farmer pays.
Rather than fill your cellars with roots
nnd vegetables construct pits for them.
When they arc in the cellar disease
lurkcth there also.
Light barley boiled 'is c'aimed to be
exceiient feed for horses, putting a fine
coat on them, though not so good for
horses at hard work.
The asparagus and rhubarb beds should
i ?i l..*.,11 Tt- io
always uc muuiucu Auie iu mc iun. it |
very difficult to have the soil for these ;
two varieties of plants too rich.
Black knot on cherry trees may be
often cured by an application of kero- I
sene oil on the limb affected, taking care
not to apply too much, as the tree may
be injured.
An attempt to grow seedless apples ha?
apparently succeeded. After much
trouble there are uow two varieties of
the core less kind, both said to be of
good size and taste.
Flowering plants should nevnr be
watered with cold water or it will tend
to fhill the p'ants. A little time taken
to wa-m the water before applying will
be found of considerable benefit.
Plowing by Steam.
G. IL Berry's traction engine, drawing
four five-gang plows, is domg some exr./.)lAn?
in/\ob- i r* ?T !/?!?> i f t? A f tYia
IClidlb *YU1 rv ill lliv VtViUlbJ Vi IUV
Eighteen-mile House ranch, at Tulure,
Cal. The plows turn th<j soil over in
good shape, and following each plow is
a drag, or harrow, that pulverizes the
clods and leaves the grouud as smooth
as a floor. The machine ruus day and
night, a large locomotive headlight being
placed in front of the engine when
darkness comes, while about a halfdozen
lamps hang around the engine.
The engine consumes about ten header
bedsful of straw in twenty-four hours,
and the labor of tec men to run it that
number of hours. The traction moves
off at about the gait a plug team goes
when ploughing, and as it ne.er has to
stop to catch its breath, of course it
would gain over a team some distance
in a day's travel. Seventy acres arc
plowed every twenty-four hours. It is
a wonderful invention for seeding as
well as harvesting grain.?Sun Francisco
Chronicle.
Killed His Horse nnrt Craw Jed Inside.
a .5 frr.m Ha-mnci in SrmtViwoif.
iXUYH CJ ll\'Ui iiv ... .. ?.,? J
era .New Mexico, say that the heaviest
snowstorm ever known there recently i
occurred. A letter from .1. J?. Newman,
a rel able ranchman of Ilcrmosa, u-lls !
the following strange tale: Captain I
Groseier, a ranchuiaD, started for Clo- 1
ride, He got lost and wandered about I
till he aud his horse were exhausted. |
He had neither gun nor matches, but j
kiiled his horse, took out the entrals !
and got inside, where he was covered
up with snow and remained threo day?.
lie lived on the raw liver, lie only
reached the Diamond Creek Uauch
the eighth day after commencing his
journey. Parties were out hunting him,
but he made his way back alone.?
Chicago Herat /.
The coming man?The bill collector.
FLAX CULTURE.
RAISING AN IMPORTANT PLANT
IN IRELAND.
Plowing and Seeding?Great Labor
and Care Required in "Weeding
?The Steep Pond and
the Scutch Mill.
The land used for flax growing in Ireland
is plowed in the fall, light or
i-?- i.~:? ~_?r, a ..?a
lUrtlllJ &UI19 UUlUg piUltliUU, flLlU. 13
worked in the spring to a mold with
harrows, usually crosswise and diagonally
; but the soil is only pulverized ;
on top, as, curiously, the flax, which j
grows as far from the surface into the j
ground as it does out of it, with a i
moderate .soil resistance to a downward j
growth, seems to possess a tendency of I
increase in length of stock. The seed
is sown in April broadcast, from a pouch j
made by tying together two corners of a j
linen sheet. This is slung over the !
right shoulder, the left arm holding the
6eed-pouch open?precisely as our own
good fathers used to sow wheat, oats
and barley from the striped, brown, twobushel
bag. The entire skill required
in flax-sowing is in securing a uniform
distribution of the seed and a sufficiently
liberal amount; for those two essentials
give even length of stalk and least
branching at the top, largely increasing j
the value to both the spinner and the !
farmer.
rr? *1 .?. xt- _ a i. i ?'
io mis point uie Tenant ii<is re |uireu ;
no more help than perhaps his own fum- j
ily could give him; but now that;
"weeding-timo" has arrived, additional
lalior must be hired. It comes trooping j
down from the mountain districts in the i
form of buxom, shapely Irish lasses, i
Amazons in frame and strength, they |
are beings of a brave and sunny mood j
who can exist, on less food, work harder I
in the field for twelve hours of every day, J
and dance longer and with more vigorous
evolutions at night, than any other
women or men that live. > or are these '
picturesque folk all. Women and
girls from near villages also hire to the j
Irish farmer in surnnie . The mountaineers
engage from two to three months;
the village girls, by the dty or week,
lioth do men's labor, or more, and re-1
ceive about one shilling per day. Their "
food is of thi meageiest and plainest
character. Oaten bread, made from j
coarse oatmeal, with only salt and water ;
added, occasionally a portion of the I
commonest vegetables, with a little of
the vilest purchasable tea, and, for a
trrput luxnrv. a dron of milk. are. all.
They scarcely know th?; taste of butter, j
meat or fowl. And yet these girls have i
eyes liquid with light, teeth white and [
gleaming as new frost, complexions that!
rival tints of the rose, and forms of!
lovely symmetry.
The weeding of flax in Ireland neres- j
sitates groat labor and care. The foreign j
seed used seems to engender a multipli- j
city of weeds. A *2i?-acre lie-Id would j
require about 200 days or one hand for j
thorough work, or ten days per single |
acre. When the flax is about six inches 1
high, weeding is begun, damp days be-!
ing chosen, so that the weeds may be 1
more easily extracted, and the tender j
shoots of flax bruised as little ns possi- j
ble. In Belgium the weeders, with'
coarse cloths around their knees, creep j
along on all-fours, and among the thou-!
sands that may be seen in a day's journey, j
not one is out of this groveling position, j
But the Irish wceders do their work
barefooted and crouchcd in a half-sitting
po3ture. A singular fact about this j
work is that it is all done toward the i
wind. This is in order that the breezes j
maj assist in lifting the bent or bruised
shoots again, and a curious belief pre-1
vails that this unavoidable treading and i
breaking of the flax in its early period of j
growth, has a stimulating effect upon the |
flrnn !
wvl" I
The Irish steep-pond is the same rude
affair that it was centuries ago. Or-j
dinarily a hole or cxcavation of from lj
to 5 feet in depth, to 10 yards wide, 1
and 10 to 15 yards long, it will be found i
in some meadow-swuil or hillside hoi- 1
low, where it is allowed to fill with the \
surface water, or where the water from
some tiny stream may be admitted: lor :
the water i sed in flax-steeping must be j
soft, or at least free from lime and iron. ;
Flax-sheaves are laid in the Irish steep-1
pond butt to band, weighed down
with sod and stone, and allowed
to remain from eight ten days. Millions
of dollars have been wasted in efforts to
steep tiax artificially in vats; but nature
alone can properly attend to that. The
steep-water, invaluable for enriching
soils, but wholly wasted hce, can be
ipasI Ktif nnno Vrnm tV?o c^oovno or/*
U3VU WUV UUL^. X I vlH lb "UVWi VJ w.
cartcd to tbe "spread-ground" of grazing
or inown-meadow land. Here the
ru<-h bands are removed and dried, and
the now sticky, dirty flax, held on the
left arm, and spread from left to right,
the loaded ''arts following iust outside
the rows. "When the steeped flax is thus
drying, whole fiax regions are given the
appearance of being laid with mammoth
carpeting in gray-brown rows woven
upon a ground of cmera'd green. Wet i
weather endanger- a ruinous secondary i
fermentation: but a "drying wind".
gives superb fiber. The tmx is now
''lifted:'' with the same rush bands tied
again into ''beats'' or sheaves; and is
then "stooked" and "capped" precisely
as grain is "shocked" in American
fields. It is allowed to stand i? the
"stook" a few days for further "curing"
and is finally stored in tbe cabin loft;
stacked with wonderful precision and
symmetry: or carted direct to the roar- .
ing "scutch mill."
It is an interesting place around a
scutch mill. Ore will find from 300 to,
400 diminutive flax-stneks with prettily 1
thatched roofs. The clatter and rush, j
with the flying shives, remind one of j
the pleasant Old-fashioned American
"threshing-time 11 while here and there,
crowding the road, ranced between the
stacks, or oversowing into near pad-j
docks, are great numbers of carts, j
dra-iccd here by raajred donkeys or ratr- ;
crered humans, awaiting their "turn" at
the mill, or room for storing and stack*
ing their loads. The mill lemoves from
the flax the roots, the branches and
withered bolts?as the valuable seed is
all lost in Ireland- the woody heart and '
the flinty outer sheath- Twenty-four
cents per stone (fourteen poundsi of
marketable fibre is paid for the milling, j
which is equally divided between mill- ,
owner and laborers. The scutcher deftly '
manages to transform half of the farm-1
er's crop into "waste." For this the I
farmer is paid but twenty four cents
per 112 pound?. Dnritig the rest of th?
season the scutcher works over lhe
"waste" into what is commercially
called "rescutched tow," selling the sains
for about >10(1 per ton. The fibre comes
from the "breakers" of the scutch mill
in "strikes" of one and one-half pounds
weight; and these are tied with ft twistj
of flax into "stone" bundles; and the;
Iri5h fax-farmer with his little crop and ,
big family, all piled upon one groaning (
cart, trundle o!f to the market, where |
after great bullying by the flav-factor, or :
buyer, he may receive six shillings per j
Btone for his trifling product; and when j
the seed, farm labor, and scutching are j
paid for, fate has been most kind to him j
if he has enough remaining to pay his ]
*1 LrJ .. ... - '.j
rent and keep the emergency-men, the
battering-ram and the horrible actuality
of eviction from his ever comfortless
door.? Washington Star.
Startling Fire-bug Indnstry.
"Burning houses and stores to order
for the purpose of securing insurance
money is a novel and startling industry,"
said Inspector McDevittof the Insurance
Patrol to a Philadelphia Time* reporter.
"It is estimated that fully 150 of the
900 tires that on an average occur annually
in this city are the work of professional
fire-bugs, or, as they are styled
in their own circles, 'fireworks men.'
The headquarters of the gang has been
located in A'ew York city, and its members
a:e supposed to operate through
agencies in Philadelphia, Boston, Balti- I
more, "Washington and all the. principal
cities of the Fast."
The business guise of these agents and
their employes is generally that of a
glazier. The police authorities of this
city are confident that there are several
"glaziers" in this city, and that they
constitute a regular agency for a New
York concern. "These 'glaziers' nominally
go about to put glass in windows,"
said the Inspector, "and they make a
practice of stopningat the retail clothing
stores, and, -with a knowing wink at the
proprietor, ask if there is any business
on hand for them. Fires made to order
by these agents generally happen among
the small retail clothing stores.
The New York fire furnishing firm
controls large clothing stores, from which
new and secoud-hand goods are supplied
to the i roprietor, who wants to have his
establishment burned out. These goods
are sent in trunks to the business man,
who expects to pay a certain price for
them if they shall be consumed by fire.
If the goods are only partially destroyed |
or oainageu Dy water n nominal sum ia
paid for the hire of them. The methods
of tiring bouses pursued by these firebugs
are varied, and they bafHe many
attempts to solve them. It is an erroneous
impression that the incendiaries
perform their work by some kind of
machinery, for that would disclose their
business.
The authorities feel confident that
many of the mysterious fires are started
from chemical combinations. Chemicals
are combined by these "glaziers" in proportions
that will explode at almost'any
time desired. A common way of starting
a fire employed by the fire-bugs is by
tilling a lamp with combined coal oil
and benzine. In almost all of the incendiary
fires the lamp methods are
mostly used.
Flxinff the Responsibility.
Blundering men, instead of admitting j
their responsibility, try to excuse themselves
by throwing the blame on others.
A Singhalese story illustrates this
tendency of human nature, and also the
French proverb: "He accuses who excuses
himself." One night thieves broke
into a rich man's house and carried off
all his valuables. On being arrested,
they excused their crime by saying that
they were blameless, as the walls of the
house were 90 badly built as to tempt !
them to break through. The mason was j
therefore to blame for the robbery. The '
mason was brought before the magis- |
trate. "The fault is not mine," Said he, i
"but that of the coolie who made the
mortar badly." The coolie laid the
blame upon the potter who had sold
him a cracked vessel in which he could
not carry sufficient water to mix the
mortar properly. The potter explained
that the blame could not belaid upon
him but upon a pretty woman, who,
passing while he was making the vessel,
so riveted his attention that he forgot
about his work. The woman protested
that the goldsmith was at fault. He had
failed to i-eud home her ear-rings and
she passed the potter's shop on her way
- rnL. Hi.
TO U*Z\. Uicril. 1UU ^UIUSUIIIU, nut uciug
able to offer an excuse for his neglect,
was sentenced to lie banged. His
friends begged the judge to spare him.
as he was sick and ili-fuvored and would
not make a pretty spectacle. "But
somebody must be hunged," said the
judge. His attention was thereupon
called to a fat Moor in a shop opposite,
and the judge ordered him to be hanged
in the goldsmith's stead. ?Arqonaul.
Improving on the Mariner's Compass.
It appears incredible that any improvements
could be made and patented
on that ancient and pnenomenal instrument
the mariner's compass, but such is
the case, as was proved recently in an
Knglish court of law. It has been shown
beyond doubt that when the compass is
used on steel-built vessels or is placed in
the vicinity of huge steel ordnance the
JI _ !.?4?
uceuie viuruiea ju bulia a iapiu nuu
erratic manner as to perplex and mislead
the most ?xperien ed steersman and
pilot. It was also found that at the
hombardmeut of Alexandria the compasses
of the warships were useless
through the tremendous vibrations,
while instruments invented by that
eminent scientist, Sir William Thomson,
in order to meet these perplexities, behaved
in a true and admirable manner.
The merits of this improved compass
were readily recognized by the members
of the honorable guild of compassmakers.
The members speedily availed
themselves of these valuab.e improvements
but the inventor has succeeded in
obtaining an injunction against theni
and other makers unless they paid a
royalty. It is curious to think that this
useful instrument that is said to have
V>ot.n l-nnwn tn t.h*. f!}iinpsp t.WftlVR
centuries before Christ and was introduced
to Europe by .Marco l'olo in 1260,
should be '.be cause of a lawsuit as to its
ownership iu the nineteenth century.?
M i Francis o Chronicle.
Sand-CoTered Graves in the Sondnn
The tombs on the hill opposite Assouan!,
Egypt, opened in loS.l by Sir
Francis Grenfell, Commander-in-Chief
of the Egyptian troops, are being rapidly
hidden at>ain and covered with sand.
General 'irenfell observed a stone step
at the edge of the river, and concluded
that it must bt. a part of an ancient
stairway. Diggings revealed the truth
of his conclusion, and the stairway, with
ninety two steps, was found to lead up
to a number of tombs, which the sand
from the desert hud been completely
hiding from view for centur.es. The
chambers are capacious (one measures
100 by r>0 feet!, and richly painted. The
sand has encroached again so rapidly
that entrance can be had through only
two ol the portals except on hands and
knees. The hill is thought to be honey
uumue.i wmx lomus sun unopeneu.
One of the spots near Assonant recently
made iiiterc.?tin?, especially to
the English and Ameri.au tourist, is
the English cemetery. It is situated
near the old syenite quarries and the
great obelisk, which still clings on its
underside to the native rock. A mud
wall, whitewashed, encompasses it.
Since ISfH one hundred and forty
graves have been dug and filled by English
oiiccrs and "soldiers. A white
wooden cross or stone slab, inscribed
with name, age, birthplace and regiment
of the sleeper, marks every mound.
A tender feeling has arranged on the
mounds, in tasteful designs, fragments
of vuriegated granite.?Mail and Exprets*
_ , y
HOUSEHOLD MATTERS.
Crystalized Pop-Corn.
An easily-prepared and wholesome
dainty to make for the children is crystalized
pop-corn. Uoil one cupful of
white sugar with three tablcspoonfuls of
water, and one of butter, until it shows 1
threads when dropped from the spoon.
Then pour in three quarts of freshly
popped corn; stir until the sugar is thoroughly
distributed, and then set away to
cool. Nut-meats can be used in place of
popped corn, and are delicious. But I
think them too rich for children to eat.
'~l>ruirie Farmer.
A Cup of Solacing Tea.
"A comfortable cup of tea," says
Marion Harland, "never ccmes amiss to
a fagged housewife, be it served at
breakiast, luucheon or dinner." The
best way to insure its goodness?that is,
that it be hot, strong and fresh?ib to
have the tea urn or kettle oa the table,
with a spirit-lamp burning under it.
Scald the tea-pot, put in the tea, cover
it with boiling water, put a "cosy" or
a thick napkin about it and let it stand
live minutes before tilling with more
boiling water. Wait a minute longer
and pour out.
Easily Made Sourkrout.
Sourkrout is made very easily and
cheaply. Take either white or red cab-'
bage, c..t it fine and lay it in a tin tub or
jar: cover the bottom with a thin
sprinkling of line salt, then a layer of cut
cabbage, then salt, in alternate layers
till the tub is full, having salt on the
top; then, with a potato-masher, crowd
it down solid, cover up tighty, and in a
few weeks it will be ready lor use. It ia
nke to cook in pork drip or to eat with
- _ 1... j?_n 1
meats ot an Kinas in i.nu mu uuu muter,
and there is no trouble in keeping
it if the air is exc.uded. It is strictly u
German dish, but Americans tan enjoy
and appre.iate it just as well as if it
originated in the United States. Piccalilly
is made here almo3t precisely
like the receipt in a recent W.irld.
Pickled apples, plums and apricots are
made after the same rules us sweet
picklcs, and not only look very pretty
on the table, but really are very toothsome
and are a dc'.ightlul condiment to
accompany meat or use a* a nice relish
with bread and butter for tea.?-JUta
York "World.
Care of Lamps.
Whatever abcut the house is dull,
don't let it be the scissors or shears used
for trimming the lamp wicks. Some
women appear to attach no importance
to this poiut, not thinking that, in order
to have a smooth cut, the instrument
must be sharp. I have tried both round
and square ends for wicks, und favor
square ones. The flame is much broader;
but the corners must be uerfectlv even I
and smooth, else when* the wick is
turned up high, it will smoke. The
person lighting a lamp should be carclul
not to touch the wick with the match,
as it has a teudency to roughen or
spread it. Hold the match over the
wick, very close to it, and wait until the
flame reaches it. Keep the wick turned
down below the top of the burner except
when in u?e. If this is done, and there is
no leak about the fixture, there is no
reason why, if the limps are carefully
wiped every morning, there should be
oil on the outside by evening. By the
way, why is it that so many housekeepers
persist in Keeping their common
lamps on the shelf behind the kitchen or
sitting-room stove, the very dirtiest
place to be found? If in the kitchen,
they are covered with moisture from
boiling water, etc., and dust and smoke
arising from the stove. Why not put
them in a closet, or, if that is not convenient,
have a shelf away from the
stove? If kept in a cold closet in the
winter, of course they should be taken
out and warmed before being lighted,
lest the chimneys bhould crack.?Yanket
Blade.
Recipes.
Cracker Pie.?Six crackers, piece of
butter size of an egg, one cup sugar, one
cup of boiling water, one teaspoon lemon
flavoring.
Feather CAKE.--One cupful sugar, one
teaspoonful butter, one cupful of milk,
two cupfuls flour, one teaspoonful cream
tartar, half-teaspoonful of soda dissolved
in tablespoonful boiling water, and
added last.
H ?tiny Griddle Cakes.?Two cups
cold boiled hominy beaten smooth, one
quart of milk and one teaspoonful 01
salt; stir together, then add one cup of
Hour, into which has been well mixed a
teaspoonful of baking powder; lastly,
add three egps thai have been well
beaten. Cook immediately after raxing.
Tapioca Jem.y.?'Tapioca jelly is one
of those simple, but excellent preparations,
which arc relished by invalids
and well people alike. To make it, soak
one cupful of tapioca in four cupfuls of
water for four or five hours. Sweeten it
? >/! Cr.t it in n ran nt hnilinor Wfttflr trt
cook about an hour, or until it looks
quite clear. When it is nearly cooked
stir in the juice and a little of the grated
rind of a lemon, and when done pour
into little molds. Serve with sweetened
cream flavored to taste.
Cottag c Pt'ijprxo.?One cup of sugar,
one tablespoon df butter, two eggs, one
cup of sweet milk, three cups of flour or
enough to make tolerably stilf batter,
one-half teaspoon of soda, one teaspoon
of cream of tartar sifted with the Hour,
one teaspoon of salt. Hub the butter
and sugar together, beat in the volk?,
then the milk and soda, the salt and the
beaten whites, alternately with the Hour.
Bnke in a buttered mold; turn out upon
adNh; cur in slices and eat with a
liquid sauce.
AlrrroN Brotu.?Mutton broth for an
invalid is made of one pound of lean
mutton, cut in small pieces, and put in
one quart of cold water; cover closely j
and simmer uutil the meat is so tender
it falls to pieces. If jou wish to add I
rice or barley, let it soak in warm water
while the mutton is boiling. When it |
is soft skim out the pie< es of meat and i
put iu the rice or barley and let it simmer
for half an hour. If thoroughly
soaked this will be long enoujrh. It
must be be cooked, though, until it is
done, no matter how long it takes.
Potato YicanT.?Take two quarts of
water to one ounce of hops; boil fifteen
minutes, strain aud add one half pound
of flour, putting the latter into a basin
and pouring on water slowly to prevent
it getting lumpy, one-fourth pound
of brown sugar and a handful of line
- > j i
?alt. J.et it sia'ia xuree uuvo, smu^ ?
occasionally. When it ferments well,
add six potatoes which have i.eeii boiled,
mashed ai.d run through a colander,
mukinjr them as smooth as possible. Thi-s
yeast will keep a long while, and has
the advantage of not requiring any yeast
to start it with. It rises so qu ckly that
a less quantity of it must be put in than
of ordiuary yeast.
Oregon contains 94,500 square miles;
was settled in 1811 at Astoria, and was
admitted into the Union, February 12,
1850.
Louisiana contains 45,420 square
miles; was settled in 1609 at Iberville,
and was admitted in the Union, April
80,1812.
- - 1 - - V 1 . ' . . \
.1 : ;'
Rontlhlng New.
A new and very effective thing which Is takieg
hold on the market is a valuable discovery
made known through The Charles A. Vogeler
Co., Baltimore, Ma., proprietors of the renowned
St. Jacobs Oil, and known as Diamond
Vera-Cura, for Dyspepsia, a positive cure for
Indigestion nnd all stomach troubles arising
therefrom. If not found in the stock of druggist.
or dealer, it will be sent by mail on receipt
of -5 cents (5 boxes 81) in stamps, Sample sent
on receipt of two-cent stamp. It has been
found on trial to be a specific for sour stomach,
heartburn, nausea, giddiness, constipation,
nervousness and low spirits, and it is spoken of
and recommended by hundreds who have used
it and have found lasting benefits.
Tiie Czar will visit the Emperor of Germany
in Berlin early in 1880.
A Family Gathering.
Have you a father? Have you a mother?
Have you a son or daughter, sister or a brother
who has not yet taken Kemp's Balsam for the
Throat and Lungs, the guaranteed remedy for
the cure of Coughs, Colds, Asthma, Croup and
all Throat and Lung troubles? If 60, why?
when a sample bottle is gladly given to you
free by any druggist and the large size costs
only SOc and $1
The Czar nnd his brothers have built a Greek
churcli at Jerusalem in memory of their mother.
A Rndlcnl Cnrc for Epileptic Fltx.
To the Editor?Please inform your readers
that I have a positive remedy for the above
nameu disease woicu i warrant iu uuro iuo
worst cases. So strong is my faith in its virtues
that I will fend ficca sample bottle antl
valuable treatise to any sufferer who will give
roe his P O. and Express address. Resp'v,
H. G. ROOT. M. C . lb3 Pearl St.. New York.
t'nfnrrli Cured.
A clergyman, after years of suffering from
that loathsome disease. Catarrh, and vainly 1
trying every known remedy, at last found a
prescription which completely cured and saved
him from death. Any sufferer from this dreadful
disease sending a self-addressed stamped
envelope to Prof. J. A. Lawrence, 88 VVarien
St.. N.Y., will receive the recipefreeof charge.
If afflicted with sore eyes use Dr. Isaac Thoraoeon's
Eye-water. Druggists sell ataoc. per bottle
Cold Waves
Aro rred'cted wi h reliable accuracy and people
liable to the pains and achea of rheumatism drea1
every change to damp or stormy weather. Although
we do B3t claim Hood's Sarsaparilla to beapositivo
ipocific for rheumatism, the remarkable c.iree It has
effected show that it may be taken for rheumatism
with reasonable certainty of ben fit Its action in
neu ralizing the acidity of the blood, which is the
cause of rheumatism, constitutes the secret of the
success of Hood's Sarsa.; arilla in curing this complaint
If you suffer from rheumatism try
Hood's Sarsaparilla
Sold by all druggists. 81; six for *5. Prepared only
by C. I. HOOD & CO.. Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass.
100 Doses One Dollar
WHY YOU SHOULD USE
ScotfsEmulsion
oiOod Liver Oil WITH
HYPOPHOSPHITES.
It is used and endorsed by Physi
( clans because it is the beat.
It is Palatable as Hillc.
It is three times as efficacious as plain
Csd Liver Oil.
it is far superior to all other so-called
Emulsions, ^
It is a perfect Emulsion, does not separate
or change.
It is wonderful as a flesh producer.
Zt is the best remedy for Consumption,
Scrofula, Bronchitis, Wasting Diseases,
Chronic Coughs and Colds.
Sold by all Druggists,
SCOTT A BOWNE, Chemists, M.V.
Rwifi'* Specific cured Hie of malign antBlood Pofoon
.K?ri 1.^5 l?un In vain with oil! (O-calltxl
/ euieditw of Mercury and I'otash. !S. S. R not ouly
tiiml the IJIckhI Poison, but relieved the Kheuinatisia
Which was caused by ihe poisonous minerals.
GEO. 130YELL, :? Avenue, N. Y.
Nine year* *ko Hcrofulaattacknd two of inv children,
and they were badly allticted with the disease,
which resisted the treatment of my tauii.y phy-iciau.
J wsj pen?un<1ed to usw Swift's Kjiecittc by seeing an
account of cures in my county paper. The improvement
was apparent from the first few doses, and in a
short time my children were cured, and are still
tound and well. JOHN WILLIAMS. Lexington, Va.
Swifts Srncinc Is mtirely a vegetable remedy,
fnrt is the only medicine which permanently curea
Kroltila. lllood Humors, Cancer und Contajrious
Ii.'ocxl l'oison. Semi for Books on lilood and Sltlo
l>i?.eases, loai etl Iree.
THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO.. Drawer 3. Atlanta. Oa.
ely's cream balm
^7uTcijereC0^r? the best rcme<Iy for children
B"finl suffering tiom
|?veb|| JjCoId In Head, Snnffies,
fL/M CATARRH.
A ddIv Balm into each nostril.
i&UELY PROM., 06 Warren St. N. Y.
g <^l|M>c.'a lUfKOVKU 1'IMI'Ul ^
i ''Z^Tu^FARMeRS'
jig ?>-?s cip^ SAWMILL.
' With lTnlvrrsal Lok beam and Simultaneous Set
I Work. EnKiUfs, Woodl'lauem. Manuiacturedby the
j I.Ki>l Iltox UIIUKS 'AI.MI, N. V.
i B?u#ii i r*er? irnwcrc
Rm RILLCUa "a^TW"
Lines never under Horses' Feet.
' !' v&Sfcmm ^vfry bor.?o owm r btiv* irom 1 to 4
'/IbEf9 ' I"'"'"- 'ty'es-t.olil. Nickel, ? Jr.
M'-WriW F P?n Ffiimli. liemll Inr Mli.
ff'lSl W'Li- Tilt*4S?inplr* bv iiihII 81. If
iff] 1A4A not a* mrmiitMl. return liy mail,
llfBllfmoney refundwl. Ag't* malse 8130
IS ,0 8350 monthly. A^euta wanted.
illMg.fi Tei'iua free.
ISSSfc^LSJl Itrrwuifr fflfg. fo.? Holly. Mlrli
(MIEA I'KST FAIOIS in Virginia and
j climate in tin- world. H7H ?cvm: l.irjrc hriok
mansion: 4ovfrwcrs' dwellings: barn-'. .vc : ainily
of new I oard fence: comity town within a mile:
onlv $?.nro. worth $12.noo. Also .'So acres with good
l>iiildji>tr-t ?nil vini y.inl. onlv $1,200, worth 92,000,
This aj>, < a:s but once. J. F. Mascha. Claremont, Va.
20 Cents
Will buy a Treatise on* the Horse an*d His
Diseases Book of 100 pages, valuable to
every owner of horses. Postage stamps taken.
Sent postpaid. New York Horse Book Co.,
134 Leonard Street. New York city.
! nPTFfiTiVPS
W to ted in erer* Concur. Shrewd men toacl under in?truetiou3
in our Secret Service. Kitptricnce not ner?-?arj. Particulars free.
Grannan Detective Bureau Co.lt Arai6,Ciaclsaiti,0.
QIaSv'* Dill a Great English Gout and
Dlall 5 I lll$? Rheumatic Remedy.
Oval It ox, .'{41 round 14 1MIU.
JflMP fTIDA', Book-ktTplnK.niioIncKiiForms.
Hit mC I'tninunnhip, Arithmetic. Sliort-hnnti, etc..
II thoroughly taught by MAIL. Circulra five.
><i-ywin'w Colleges 45/ Maiu St.. ilutlalo. N, V.
A in nt s wanted. $1 an hour. 50 new art cie*. CailVue
and tainij(-hfrco. C E. Man-hal). L ckpo.t.N. V.
CIDUC f We want to nuy several in this locality, j
rAnmO t Ct'nns A: Whichi. ii33 Ilioadway. X y. |
Money in
HEY IN CHICKENS ,
KNOW HOW $jyp.f8*
To keep them, hut it is fl * "]/
wrong 10 let. the poor tilings M I
Sutter and Die of she v*- k\\ h
rionsMaladieswhien iilllict Li / yV\ ris
them when in a majority of My
elites a Care could have \l!V Al jL*1
been cfleeted had the owner \^VxvV\^y\l]VVS^
postered a Jittlc kliowledge,
such as can be proeured
from the tjr ^
ONE HUNDRED \%?i
PAGE BOOK JJS
We offer, embracing the
juvDWt swwMKcieof
L' ... - . . s
'
?* . . * ' ;. . ' i
j- ' . .' -
JACOBS OH
For Lumbago.
Cared Permanently. Original outran^
ISM. ItMwid, ;u. SO, 1UT. ThrM yean af*
b*<l rheamaUnn la back; lunbafo; ons bottla of (t
Jacob* OU cured nu: bare sot f?lt It sine*.
IRjJTK MOITaOZ. JPrandrrllk, HI.
Cared Permanently. Original autemret,
1SSD. Jana 10, ItST. Buffaradtwoyaan
ut> with acuta palaa la back; In oaa ho or gnat ralUJ
from St. Jacobs OU; thru appUcatloni cwad; U tta
wn^int nalnj gone. HORACE E. HOPKINS,
Hit Albany, IndlMfc
Cared Permanently. Ranawad, Ma*lT,*ST.
Wlfa was sorely afflicted with lama back; sueraf
averal yeara; mad innumerable liniments and pla*.
ton; QMd Bt. Jacob* OU. was cured by U.
A. H. CTONLAGHASC, FerryopoUl, th.
AT DBUGQIBTB AND DCALEBS.
THE CHARLES A. VOGELER CO.. Baltimore Ml
Diamond Vera-Cura
FOR DYSPEPSIA.
AND ALL STOMACH TROUBLES SUCH AS
IndiKPstion, Four Stomach, Heartburn. Kau?ea,Gld* '
dinej-s, Coustipntion. Fullness aft.-r eallnv, Food
Bis iik in tlx' Mouth and disagreeable taste after '
tutlnK. .xrvouroctai and LowSpirita. ?
At Druggists < vd Dealer* or sent by ttuill on re- 1
rrUit ofib cIk. (5 boxen $1.00) in stamps. Sample lent ;
on'reeiipt ofi-ccnt stantr. !
The Charles A. Vogeltr Co., Baltimore, Md. <
MIS U-3 -
CHEAPEST -:- FAMILY -:-1TLAS
KNOWN.
03xtxjrsr as ceint ts
191 Pages, 91 Full-Page Maps.
Colored Mara of each State and Territory- In the
T"nited Statea. Alxo Mujrs of every Country in tbo
World. 'Xlje letter rr<?x (rives the tquare rail** of
ea<h State: time of r?tt!cmi-nt: population: chief
litirK: average tfinperatuie: salary i f (iticial# and
(Iip principal rout master* in the, State: number of
fainss, with their productions and tho value thereof;
d'.Peretit manufactures and number of . niiloyes,
etc.. etc. Alto the a)ea of path Foreign Country;
form of Kovernnunt; joinijatic ii; jiiincijialpnxiucti
ami their mcney value: i mount <f trade: rolifrion;
IKisic of aimy: milesof railroad and tclejn-) ph; numlu
r of horses, cattlc, sheep, and u vast amount of information
valuaUe to all.
EVERY FAMILY SHOULD HAVE ONE.
All newspaper readers are constantly n'edinpa*
Atlas for reference in order to ititclliKontly understand
thp artic e they are perusinjr. It is surprising 1
how much infoimation Is tlics stor?d away in the 1
immory. and how soon one 1 eccnipc familiar witk
the chief |<oinlH roucprninK' all the >'ationB of the
Vor d. J'onrnid fnr '/ ? c?*ii|n.
COOK PUB. HOL'feE. 134 Leonard St., X. Y. City.
ELECANT LADIES' KNIFE FREE! *
rTillB..c,ifni5epre,,0Jlt^,0urr>v Warranted ??*
Ladlea KDlle und GloveV ?* .?.?i a..
U'jttoner, .. combined with \
elegant tortoise handle, given \ Xiifaction G?ar>
with one year's subscription . .
tilth.AmericanItnrulHome \
for 81.10 postpaid. ^ \ w. ?1
Slven/rectotheper?on X vlw*H
?ew3in;? us two sub- X.
icriptlonsto tho Amer- \
ican Rural Home at 85 eamsfliich. wtthont prvmlma.
Address all orders to RURAL HOME CO. Limited
Rochester, N. Y. Mention this paper.
WHY WEAR EYE-GLASSES ?
DR. VEAZIE'S jg^CURES
EycEestorer^^^^^W wfi?5
RESTORES DISEASES
SIGHT EYES. .
At all Druggists. Send for Circulars.
EYE RESTORER CO.. - ALBANY. N. Y< ;
fBBSSaaBEQEHiell
CURES WHERE HL ELSE FAILS. ET
Best Cough Syrup. Tastes good. Um Q
LrJ In time. Sold by drufffnsis* p>
NORTHERN PACIFIC.
II low price railroad unos &
FREE Government LANDS.
MILLIONS of ACHES of each in Minnesota, North
Dakota. Montana. Idaho, Washington and Oregon.
CCUH CftD Publications with Majisdescribingth#
OCnll rUn brat Agricultural, Grazing and Timber
Lands now open to Settlers Sent J ice, AddroM
AiiiP n I luonDU Laud Coiuiinwuoner,
unflo. P. LAmPUHH; ?t. Pmil.Minn.
JONES
PAYSt^FR EICHT
Cy 5 Ton Wasoa Scales*
Iron Let?r?. Si*el Ketrisfi. Bnfl
jMHKC Tare Bean: and B>tro Box Ibr
Frfryili^^ile. J'or free price H0
VrtB3lp?I*k. " Uni thl? paper tod 3jUrt?
M <L f '<"?? OF BINQHAMTia. :
* BTN (-IIA ill TON. N. T?
CONSUMPTION
1 have a po*itir? remedy for the (bore rilsoaoe: by It* am
ihouNuida of cum* of tbv *or?t kin i and uftonrrtandiaz
tare been cured. So xtroa? I? my fnlth In lti< afncaoy th*l
I will i-eoti two bott'e< freo, logecliar Willi a rafuabto
tresU?e on this dliett-v to an r mifferor. Give Ktpreu aad
I'. O. tuidran. T. A. SLOC'CX. X. C.. 181 Pearl St.. S. T
JASTSS^TCISedI
! German Asthma Core uevcr/a<ii to give im-H
mediate rtiiejia the worxt Ciu<^,inaujeR comfort- H
able sleep.: effectu cares whcroml others fail a H
trial eonrinrxt tilt u:ost tkrpucut. Price ,iOc, a*ldH
S1.00?o?Prue?lBtRorbvmail SampleFKEJEM
^fl[ ST0PimIIM^"?pS
oALboMtli^^E
2-ceut Iien:p. Wages $3 Per Day P<riuau?nt I option. S*
poiuls innwiTfd Momy ndv*nc*tl for w*xi?, a.livrt!iIo*. ?te.
Centennial Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati. Ohio.
ANOTHER CALIFORNIA WONDER!
THE CALIFORNIA CACKLER | Only Journal we#t
Queen of Poultry Journals. ! tiiilix devoted to
Poultry and Pet Stock. Spicy ami Iutrr. xtinp. 10c.
a copy. 41 a year. Your Pcctniaytrr will riwiveyour
BUbecr.ption. T11K ( A ( K l.l'.li, Pnn Franrtaxv
ODIUM IIiBIT Puiiili-m-ly cured in 10 to at
rtUnf ItflDII PajH. Sanitarium nrHom*
Treatment. Trial Tree. No Cure. No Pay. Th?
Iluuinuc Itcmrai)' 1.?? Fayette. Im-.
CHEAPEST AND BEST
GERMAN DICTIONARY m'
OF 624 PACES
FOB OMLTJJHE DOLLARW'j'-W
jriHST-GLASS OICTIOHABT
AT VERY SMALL I'll ICE. V TT-Ci
Itplvos Knprll h Word* with the German Eqti!**
It ntRiii <1 Pronunciation ami German Wonts'with
Lnfcllsl) Definitions. St-in postpaid on receipt of $1
KL'AD WHAT THIS MAX SAYS:
Sai.km. Mass., May 31,13JL
rrok Ptib. Ifoiixr, 134 Leonard St.:
Thn i; crnm n Dictionary Is received nnd I am much
pleased with It. 1 did not ?*X|K.*ct to nuusucn ciear
print in so cheap a book. Please send a copy to ?,
and inclosed Unci 81 for same. JL M. IUsklxi.
AtldrPK* (
BOOK PUB. CO.,
134 Leonard Street, Hew York City.
MH* ? Utc at tiomt and mak t more money working for n? ibn
UVmi at anything rlu in th' worM Eitlirr trx Coatiyovttt
TJitE. Tcrma KKKk. Aililrcu, lul u 4 Co., Auyuita, Hum
I PEERLESS DYES SoLQBTDBTOCiarX
Chickens.
? a mail who devoted 25 vcai*
r<r TH?v Of his life to('OM>U<rftN<;
"V \ A I'OUI.TKY YAW) AS A
' \ X M S1NKSS. ii(>i ;v? 11 |>mu
\ time. Ac tin- livli:?r of himJiV
n w.'.ii i, self i.nd family del?nde4
"Wi l' 'Uon it, lie gave the subject
//'/ ?n (1 l)r[\ J1 Mich attention as only *
a - rni r " il nm' 01 bread win com(k/a'mN
1 maud. ami the result uu *
lfAL I I I 11 grand miccchi*. after he liad
'U%1m I P * rpcRt msich money and lort
' liuuditrils of valuable chicktus'' ?<-N4'iTim<*u'iii?r.
Whai
he learned in all these year*
i^ embodied in this IxkiC.
which we ser.d postpaid for
25 cents 1? tamp*. It
' teaches von how to Detect
(J and Cure" Diseases, how to
Y ?is" Feed lor Kg:rs and also for
vB Futtennij:. which Fowls to
fg^R '-^Zj ? bave for Breeding Purpoaea
*?/?" ,sf ??=\. and everything. indeed, you
\ ehonld know on this subject.
g?feg<V > BOOK PUB. 1I0U8B.
' ---**> iSikciuraStu
Save up all the wood ashes.
I'emeinber that the sire is half the
herd.
I'nleached ashes are the best fertilizer.
Pon't put a frosty bit in the horse's
mouth.
Powdered charcoal in the dust bath
for poultry is tecommeiided.
It appears that the hoi; is just as fond
of pasture as any other animal.
Hover hay put away too green will
ignite by sponteneous combustion.
"When you see people goiog out on account
of low pcice then is the time to
go in.
If potted plants require fertilizers they
should be applied sparingly and frequently.
Much difficulty in churning in winter
is due to keeping the cream at too cold a
temperature.
As soon as the soil freezes hard all
npwlv set trees or nlants should be slight- |