Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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f Si Tilliffi SEBII. HOW EMPLOYERS OUGHT TO TREAT EMPLOYES. Text: "If ye bite and devour one another, "take heed that ye be not consumed one of another."?Galafcuins v, 15. UTaaIt ?Af nvortr won nn hl'fl AWH t.hin^T <>ut every man also on the things of others." ?Phillippians li, 4. The labor agitation will soon cease, and all the mills will be reopened, and all the railtrains resume traffic, and all our national prosperities start again. Of course it will be some time before the country recovers from the damage of the strikes. Strikes always damage laborers more than they do capitalists. During thL strike the laboring classes have lost?never to recover?one hundred million dol'ars. It does not make much difference to eveiy successful capitalist whether he has fifty thousand dollars less or fifty thousand dollars more; but when a man is dependent upon the day's warres it makes the difference between bread and no bread, between home and no home. Spasmodically wages may be higher, but as a result of such things wages get lower. BoycottiDg, violence and murder never pay. They are different stages of anarchy. The poorest use you can put a man to is to kill him. To-morrow, blow up all tho fine residences on the Hudson River, and all the great houses on Brooklyn Heights and Brooklyn Hill and Ritterl-.ouse Square and Beacon street, and all the stones and timber and brick will merely fall back on the bare head of American labor. The worst enemies of the working classes are their demented coadjutors. The assassination of Lord Cavendish and Mr. Burke in Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ire'and, to avenge the wrongs | of that unhappy country, had no result except to turn away the sympathies of millions | of people from that afflicted land. The attempt two or three years ago to blow up the i Pnrliamnnfc TTrmsfls nf Enirlftnd had OnlV OnO'! resuit, and that to turn out of employment j thousan is of the Irish who had work iu I England. In this country the torch applied I to factories that have "discharged hands, I whether for good or had reasons; obstacles ! put on the rail tracks in front of midnight | ?xpress trains because they do not like the j President of the company; the sudden I throwing up of work on shipboard just be- | fore they are going to sail, or in printing office, just.before they are going to press, or in the mines just before they are to deliver the coal, or on the house scaffolding so that the builder cannot meet his contract?all this only cripples American labor and pierces its heart. All the sudden traps set for employers never yet put one farthing in the callous palm, never yet untied one knot from the Jmuckles of hard toil. In other words, barbarism can never cure the wrongs of civilisation. Mark that, my brother, my sister. Frederick the Great j admired a farm near nis palace at Potsdam. The farm was owned by a miller. The King offered him three times "the value of tha farm, but the miller would not sell it, because it was the old homestead, and he felt about it just ns Naboth felt about the vineJard when Ahab wanted it The King orered the miller to come into his presence. Tha King with a stick in his hand with which j he sometimes struck his officers of state, said J | to the nvller: "Now, if you dont sell that to me I'll take it anyhow." "No you won't, jour Majesty," said the miller, "no you won't." "Yes I will," said the King. "I am King and I've a right to take it" "No, you won't." said the I miller, "if your Majesty takes my farm, I'll sue you in"the Chancery Court" And the Jaw loomed up and the king backed down. But I have to tell you that the most outrageous wrong inflicted upon the working classes will yet come before the law. Violence and arrainst the law achieves nothing, but righteousness and according to law will achieve everything. It is most important at this point in the discussion, in this series of sermons which I am preaching on Sabbath mornings, and which I shall continue i for three or four iSabbath mornings more, to set forth the fact that the honest, industrious workingmen of this country have no sympathy with anarchy or outlawry, and to prove it I read from the newspaper organ , of the Knights of J-abor. I read from the I first rage in large letters this vehement dis- I claimer: ."Let. it be understood by all the world that ) the Knights of Labor have no affiliating as- i 80ciation. sympathy or respect for the band | of cowardly murderers, cutthroats and robbers known as anarchists,who sneak through j the <?ountrv like midnieht assassins, stirring I tip the passions of ignorant foreigners, un- I furling the red flag of anarchy and causing riot and bloodshed. All their followers, sympathizers, aiders and abettors shall be summarily dealt with. They are entitled to no more consideration than wild beasts. The leaders are cowards and their followers are , fools." I So declares the chief organ of the Knights j of Labor. "Well, all the agitation, as I say, will soon be grone, but there are some very ! Important things to be uttered. Now, all this discussion of the philosophv of the subIbct does not touch me a bit I simply want to I know what is my duty and what is your duty in the crisis. Tne vast majoritv are divided into two classes?employers and employee The chasm between the employer and the employe is getting wider and wider. You know the time was when the master builder, the boss workmen and the capitalist toiled side by side with the laborer at the same bench, and there are many people in this house who remember the time when the clerks of great commercial establishments i boarded with the head man of the firm; that | the chasm between the employer and employe , is getting wider and wider, and the temota- , tlon is for the laborer to say: "My boss- I woikiran, my capitalist, is wronging me by I all that he succeeJs," and the tendency is for ! the employer to say: "Now, the e men in my employ are merely so many beasts of burden, and it is my business to give so much money for so much labor, so many dollars salary for so many beads of sweat,'' and the trouble is that the bri ige is broken down at both en 's. Thomas Carlyle, in his quaint but for oful wav, put it when he said: "Togson, of St. Dolly Undershot, says to j his men: "Noble spinners, this is the hun- | dred-thousandth we have gained, wherein I j mean to drill awl plant my vineyards. The hundred-thousandth poun 1 is mine. The daily ] wage was yours. Adieu, noble spinners. \ drink my health with this groat each which I givo you over ami above." Now,what we want is to rebuild the bridge, i and I put the trowel this day to on3 of the I abutments, while I tell employers how they ' ought to treat employes. As many laborers 1 during the past three months have maltreated their employers and deserve condign punishment for their behavior, the tendency is now that em j lovers shall forget their duty to their employes. The old recipe, that some of you have heard, for getting wealth was this: Three rules. First, get all the earnings of others that you can get, rnd keep them. Second rule. Go right on without regard to the hardships or suffering? of other people. Thirdly. Have no appi e nation of the fact that your accumulation mav I e the impoverishment of many* others. Now, I will undertake to say there is no employer in this house who would want to start out aud achieve a fortune upon such an outrageous theorv. You want to know what your duty is, and I am here in the name of Almighty God and as a religious teacher to tell you. First, I charge you, oh employer, pay as large wages as ar? reasonable and as you can afford. Not necessarily what others pay; certainly not what an employe demands you shall pay, for that is a tyranny unbearable, and the right of an employe to" tell you what you shall do implies vour right to tell him what be shall do, and either idea is despicable. He who yields to the demands of a man who :-ays "you must pay me so much, or I'll ruin your business''?the employer who yields to such a demand wrongs every business man in Brooklyn, and he yields to a theory which would, 'if carried out, dissolve society. You find out by looking over your affairs what you can do. You put your self in imagination iu tne place or your la- | borer and then before Go?l and in the presence of your conscience dccide what you shall pay. Because my neighbor pays too much or too little, that does affect me in my relation to the person that toils for me. Suppose he pays too little, that is no excuse for my paying too little. Suppose he pays too much, "that is no excuse for my paying more than I can afford. Having made up your mind what you can righteously and cnnstianly pay, remember that ''God bless you's" do not amount to anything. They will not buy shoes, they will ,not pay the rent. At least once a year go among your employes and find how they live and see the fcnportance of your prompt payment. You Will find that young man supporting an invalid parent, or a sick sister. You will find hat young man in winter in a place where he has no fire, and in the summer in an illventilated apartment sweating. When you eome on Saturday morning to draw your check for your wages, you will have a thrill sf satisfaction not onlv in knowing you meet that young man's wants but that you relieve k host of dire necessities standing behind him. It is not,my brother, a matter between you and your employe more than it is a matter betwopn you and Almi^htly God. The Bible is very explicit on this subject and leaves no man in doubt. Pay wages and pay them promptlv. MaHchi: "I will bo a jwift witness against all sorcerers and against | ill adulterers and against those who ODoress j the hireling in his wages." Ijeviticus: "Thou thalt not keep the wages of the hireling a!l aight unto the morning." Colossians: '"Mailers. give unto your servants that which is just and equal, knowing that ye have a master in Heaven." Do not ?ay as it is oft*n taid now: "It you do not like your place get mother," when you know he cannot get another. Thon T pVinrtrA vnii also to be or.raful about She physical health and about the financial iverare, the future financial welfare of the 3ien who are under your charge. You are so moid their ideas, you are to tell them ibout savings banks, about investments, ibout life insurance. You .cay they have not *ny surplus now; but thev will have. What rou teach them will affect their who'e lives iipon this subject. It is your business, it is your solemn obligation to teach them these things. I am clad there are men who appreciate this. Such as Ma-shall in Leeds, such as Lester in Bradford, such as A in Halifax, such as men in our midst whom I might mention but will not, lest I offend their modesty?men who build concert halls for their employes, organize choral societies, open cricket grounds, provide for them lawn tennis, crive them reading rooms and libraries and afford them all kinds of opportunity, so that these employers are not merely paying wages now due, but through the contentment and good morals of their amploves they are paying from generation to generation and forever. Now, you are to look after the physical welfare of those in four employ. There are banking houses and there are factories and there are workshoos in this country which simply mean death by th?ir atmosphere. You are supposed to be more intelligent on subjects of ventilation a^d sunshine and all the laws of hygiene. This afternoon at half past 2 o'clock will be I KtirioH ? man who hAs done more for the health of this century than any ten men in it?ray glorious friend, Dio Lewis. I have known hira !n this country and I have known him in other countries,and he has been doing but just one thin??trying to mike the world itronger and better and happier. His books jiving advice to boys and advice to girls and idvice to workman and advice to all classes >f people, old and young, have increased the on gevity of this race, of the human race. 3is influence willbe felt for all time. Oh, employer, interest yourself in the physical health >f those who are in your employ; somelimes it mav not be appreciated, as in the -ase, mentioned by Charles Reade, where a freac fan was built to blow the dust from the | netal and the stone, the dust rising from the nachinery in a factory, and these men defined to pet the great fan in motion, seeming X) nrefer the filings, the poisonous filings, rather than to have this great fan working. But while here and there there may be some nappreciative of your tcils in thoir behalf, the vast majority of people in employment in this country will thank God and thank you for anything you may do for them. Do not put on them any unnecessary burden. I never could understand why car drivers should have to stand when they could just as well sit down and drive. It seems to m? that all intelligent employers ought to befriend, the shortening of the hours of toil in this country. Some time ago there were a thousand grocers' clerks in this city who worked from five o'clock in the morning until ten o'clock at night. Now that is simply inhuman. These employes oucht to nave time to go to the mercantile library, to rm tn t.hp cvmnasium. to 20 to the Young Men's Christian Association, to ?0 to choral societies, togi to churches. If th?y can do th?ir work in eicht or ten hours, why employ them seventeen? It seems to me that the intelligent employers of this country ought to become sympathetic with the early closing movement and with the movement in a1! parts of this land to compress into shorter time the work that is to te 'lone in this country. Then I charge you, oh employer, that you look after the moral and spiritual welfare of those whom you employ". Find out where they spend their evenings. What does that mean? It means everything. You do not want in your store that young man who went last night to see Jack Sneppard. You do not want in your store a young man who shall come with face ghastly from midnight revelry. The young man who spends his evenings in the society of refined women, or in musical circles, or in literary employment and the improvement of his mind?that's the voung man you want in your store. Not by disgusting inquisitiveness; not by prying into other people's affairs, but in legitimate ways you can find out where that young man spends his evenings. Aye, if he knows that you are interested in his welfare, he will gladly and franklv tell you. I j never shall forget Arthur Tappan. There | have been a great many differences of opiu- j ion about his politics, but no man that j ever knew Arthur Tappan well doubted his earnest. Christian character. In the morn' ing of e very day he gathered all the employes of his establishment in a room, gave out s hymn, united with them in prayer, and read the Scriptures. Samuel Budget, the wealthiest man in the west of England, had a room furnished for the especial purpose, and h( had in that room "Fletcher s Family Devo tions," and Wesley's hymn books. Ther j they would all kneel in prayer, employer and employe. How many strikes did he have' I When would they strike him? Befor< j prayer or after prayer, or while he wasdowr at prayer? Do you wonder that though thai man thirty years before had been a part nor in a small shop in a smal village, he died worth his millions, contributing them to all kinds of charity and philanthropy? But (Jr.d can trust such a man as that" with money. Sir Titus Solt har wealth bevond computation, and at Sultairo England, he built and endowed a church and a chapel?the church for those who preferred the Episcopal service, and the chapel foi those who preferred the Methodist service. He was about to open one of the factories and he had a great banquet, at which there were 3.500 men. the most of them workmen. In the after dinner speech of that banquet, he said: 4,I cannot look around me and see this vast assemblage of friends and work people without being moved. I feel greatly honored by the presence of the nobleman at my side, and I am especially delighted at the presence of my work people. I hoi* to draw around me a population that will enjoy th9 beauties of this neighborhood, e ]>opulation of well-paid, contented, happj operatives. I have given instructions to mj architects that nothing is to be spared toren der the dwellings of the operatives a patterr to the country, and if my life is sparec by Divine Providence, I hope to sea content nient and satisfaction and happiness al around me." Ah! that is Christian charactei demonstrated. Many of these employers re member their own early struggles. They re member when the first j-ard of nankeen wa* measured by their hands, and the first pounc of tea weighed, and the first baluster turned and the first roof shingled. Thoy know a' sixty or seventy years of age just how a bo) feels between ten and fifteen. They know a sixty or seventy or eighty years of age jus how a young man feels between twenty au thirty. Ah! these employers were not originally let down out of heaven on pulleys of silk in a wicker basket, ratin liue J, fann *;1 by cherubic wings. No, no. They started in the roughest cradle, on the rocker of which Misfortune put her violent foot and tipped them into tne cold world. It takes an old man who has been through the struggles of life to sympathize with a boy. Oh, my friends, not only bo kind and sympathetic to those who are in your employ, but see that your boss workman, your head clerks, do not abuse and maltreat those under them. There are things going on in the cellars and lofts of our great manufacturing and commercial n i'a o! rv?T\l v nil h rn fronil : OdkaUllSVUiOUlO IUUU UiV VUVIM^V M . There are some men who get a litt''.* brief authority in store or factory, and ttie strut about as though the world belonged u> them, and they maltreat those under them. It is your business, oh employer, to kn nv what goes on in your store. These poor fellows cannot fight their own battles, their arms are weak now. After a while they can take care of themselves. You look after them now. Let no one, however significant, in your employ be imposed upon. And as you look into the faces of your clerks remember that some of them have a history. Ah! that boy was pitched out into the world. He is an orphan. He has been struggling for himself. He was thrown into the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, a plank was thrown after him and he was told to swim ashore. That young man has a history?that other young man. He is worse off than the orphan. His father was a drunkard. He remembers his father coming home?and that is about his first remembrance of him?intoxicated, and many a time ha3 that boy stood between his father and mother keeping her from the brutal blow. He looks prematurely old, for he has to support the family. He may look like all other youn~ men. He is here to-day. He mav look like nil other younp: mon, but God and his mo*h?r know he is a hero. Do not tread on him. d> not swear at him and do not send him on a useless and senseloss errand. Say to him "good morning." "cood evening:," "good bye." You have that man's destiny for two worlds in your keening. Do not say: "If he does his work h?'e tint is all I have to do with him." God has made you his eruardian. You trrat him as you would like your boy to be treated if vou were dead. My soul sometimes boils With utter in<ii?nation as I see the way emp'oves are treated in these cities and elsewhere. May God pity them and God keep them. There are hundreds of people hero who know what I speak about, and the truth of what 1 spea'*. Ah, my rrlendj. go further than this. Look after the positive spiritual welfare of vour employes. You have their intrrests in your hands. You can address them as no one else can They are bound to respoct yon. You have the keys of the establishment. Now, you go around among them illustrating the beauty of the Christian religion. You f*o among the mill hands, you go among the factory hands with a hard spirit They can tell. They know. Yon eo around with that spirit among your employes, aud the wheel of fortune will turn and you will be a pauper, and your daughter will go to the workhouse, and your son will die on the scaffold. But you go among vour employes in kindly, loving, symthetic. Christian snirit and say to this young man with pale cheeks and hacking cough: 'You had better go away for two or threi days, or a week, and get a breath of the hills: get fixed up and then come back. Your wages will go right on. You hardly .ire able to stand up. Just go off for a few days." When a young man loses his mothsr do" not demand that he come ' back the next day after the funeral. Give him at least one week to get over tbat wbi"h he will never get over. At the foot of this pulpit, when I came to the close of a service years ago, a man stood, a young man, very Dale. He said: "This is the first day I have been out for a month." "Ah," I said. "I am sorry you have been sick." ''Yes," he said, "I heard you preach a sermon on restitution about a month a?o. I bad taken mon?v from my employer and my conscience wrought upon me so mightilv that I have been down sick." I said: "How much did you take of the money?" He said so much. I said: "Have you put any of it back?" "Oh, yes." he said, "I have paid it nearly ail back. If I live a month I would pay it all back; but what would become of ma in +>iA mnnfch hofnro T frot the monev naid back if I should die? Wfrat would you advise me to dor' I said: "Are you trying rieht hard to pay it back?1' He said: "Yes, I have paid it almost all back and in a month I know I shall pay it all back. What shall I do' Tf i should po to my employers and tell them? they are hard men?I know they would throw mo out and disgrace me and my wife and my little baby. What shall I do?" Isaid:*'You are sure you will pay it back?" " Ye?, I have it nearly all paid back." You are sure you can pay it ina month?" "Yes." I said: "Yon go on and pay it back. Live with the utmost economy until you pay it back. You will not die in thus month?you will not." About a month after, the man stood at the foot of tbo pulpit, his face radiant. The roses had come rack to bis cheek. He said: "It is all right. I have paid it all back." I said: "I knew you would. I knew the Lord would let you live nntil you paid it back." Oh, do not be hard. "Do not put temptations in the way of young men. Do not have money lying around which shall tempt them in their necessities. Do not have much cash in the drawer. What would become of us if God had not given us another chance? Now, you give that young man another chance. Do not be hard on those who have fallen. Give them another chance. Do not spring on them like a hyena. - *- 11 !? rT1?-? !? <"? +V?af VAIITlff JL)0 noc call Ul l<UtJ JJU11UC. icmo l/oav j """o mail who ha< done wrong; take him home; take him home; give him another chance. There is many a young man who has done wrong who will never do wrong again if you will only give him a chance. "We can afford to give others a chance. We would have been in perdition before this if God had not given us another chance, aye, ten thousand chances. 1 look into the faces of a great many employers to-dav, and 1 beseech you not only go to heaven yourself, but take your employes with you. In some establishments it is almost impossible for a younsr man to be a Christian. Oh, bow theyscoff at him,how they deride him, how they caricature him. You eo into your store, employer, and put your foot down on such imposition. General Zethon was one of the old military commanders of Frederick the Great. "He was a Christian. Frederick the Great was an infidel. One day this old General, white haired, asked to be excusnd from military service for a little while because he wanted to sit at the Holy Communion, He was granted absence. A few days after, General Zethon, the old commander, was dining with the King and other notables, and the King jocosely said: "Well, Zethon, how did the Holy Communion last Friday digest?" Old General Zethon, his hair as white as the driven snow, arose and said: ,-Your Majesty, I have imperiled my life a hundred times on the battlo field for you. and there has not been a time in the last thirty vears - - - ' * ' ? "*r_ whm I woulrt not nave iougnc ior your juajesty; but I think you do wrong when you insult the Christian religion, and forgive me, your Majesty?I, your old commander?for I cannot sit in silence and hear you insult my Lord Jesus.'' King Frederick the Great leaped from his seat, threw out his hand, and said: "Forgive me, father; you will never be bothered again." There are in the establishments of these cities men who are just as brave as that old General. They are trying to serve God, but what a time they have of it! "What derision and what caricature come noon them. I know young men in New York and Brooklyn who have been most outrageously maltreated by employers and by their associates ju?t because they loved the Lord Jesus and were thorough Christians. Oh. the time will come when you will be done with your buying and so ling and manufacturing and building, and God will ask you about those people wno have been in your employ. He will sav: "Are they here; will they be here?" Oh, shipbuilders, where will the crew be at the last? Will they come into the celestial harbor? Those men who have been tossed on the seas, will they come into the haven of rest? Oh, ye bankers, are those men who are running up and down the long lines of figures, and handling the drafts and the checks and the government securities, are they keeping their accounts right with God? The credit account of mercies received and the debit account of sins pardoned. Oh, ye drygood merchants, are those young men who are dealing out fabrics ot apparel for the foot, the hand, the back?are they to go unclothed into eternity,? Oh, grocery merchants, shall your young men who are dealing out the fabrics, dealing out the food, the food for the body and the food for the community, shall they at last starve to death? Oh. manufacturers, with so mauy wheels flying and so many bands pulling, and so many new patterns turned out, and so many goods shipped, what are the car men, what are the spinners, what are the draymen to do? What will be their destiny in the eternal world? I put this morninsr udou the brow and upon the shoulder and the heart of every manufacturer in this assembly the solemn obligation of looking after the present and the eternal welfare of your employes. You cannot escape from it. God puts it upon you. Oh, let us live less for ourselves and live more for others. I think it was three or four years ago I was in San Francisco and a man had just arrived from the Sandwich Islands, and he said one of the Sandwich Islands is called the Isle of the Lepers, and all who get sick with the leprosy in other islands are sent, to that island, and all who die thore die of leprosy. Ho said a physician on one of the other islands always had a glove on h:s hand, and people wondered why he always wore that glove. None had seen him without that glove. One day, this physician came to the city authorities and withdrew his glove, and said: ''"ihore is the spot of the leprosy. I am doomed lo die. I could hide this longer, but I am a physician. It is selfish for me to hide this any longer. Let me go to the Isle of Lepers, and while my life lasts let me tako care of those who are worse off than I am. Send me to the Isle of the Lepers." The city authorities seeing this, of course were bouud to take charge of him, Jand the physician bade good-bye to his family. It was a sad good-bve. He knew he would never see them again. He went to the Is!e of Lepers and there toiled in the alleviation of suffering until God took him to the eternal rest. Ah, it was magnificent, was it not, for that physician to live and die for others Nothing ever surpassed it save the conduct of Him who cams from his home on high to physician our wounds and weep our griefs and die our death-s and turn this Lepyr's Jsle of a world into a paradisaical garden. Whetherjemplo/er or employe may we acknowledge that spirit I POPULAR SCIENCE. The young of the condor, at their homo in the heights of the Andes, remain in the nest for a year, being fed by the parents until they are able to fly. A gigantic sea-weed, more thin 1,500 feet long has been found near the equator by the ship "Clever," Captain John Stone, portions being taken to Montevideo. A calculation made of the figures of a mile-long railroad train drawn by a single locomotive, establishes that there were 3,252 tons weight on this train, which was drawn by a single tifty-tiveton engine. This -would be more than the we'ght of many steamships with their cargoes. It has been found by Dr. Tait that the ear in women can perceive higher notes, that is, sounds with a greater number of vibrations per second, than the ear in men. Th? highest limit of human hearing is somewhere between 41,000 and 43,000 vibrations per second. Few persons have equal sensibility to acute sounds in both ears, the right ear usually hearing a higher note than the left. The lowest continuous sounds have about sixteen vibrations per second. A new French clock contains a novel application of the magnet. The clock appears like a tamborine with a circle of flowers painted on its parohment head. Around the circle crawl two bees, the larger requiring twelve hours to complete the circuit, while the smaller makes it every hour. The flowers represent four divisions, and the bees, which are ol iron, are moved by two magnets, carricd just under the membrane, by the clockwork inside the tamborine. According to the calculations made by a scientific writer lately, it requires a prodigious amount of vegetable matter to form a layer of coal, the estimate being that it would really take a million years to form a coal bed 100 feet thick. The United States has an area of between 300.000 and 400,000 square miles of coal fields, 100,000,003 tons of coal being mined from these fields in one year, or AnAn/vV win o rinr* orrtimd fho 4>n.rfVt fit: the equator five and one-half feet wide and five and one-half feet thick; the quantity being sufficient to supply the whole wcrld for a period of 1,500 to 2,000 years. The four feet of an ordinary ox will make a pint of neat's foot oil. Not a bone of any animal is thrown away. Many cattle's shin bones are shipped-.to England for the making of knife handles, where they bring $40 per ton. The thigh bones are the most valuable, being worth $80 per ton for cutting into toothbrush handles. The fore-lig bones are worth $30 per ton, and are made into collar buttons, parasol handles and jewelry, though sheeps' legs are the staple parasol handles. Ths water in which the Dnnes are boi!ed is reduced to glue, and the dust which comes from sawing the bones is fed to cattle and poultry. Obe?iii? Orders. On the Russian frontier it once happened that au officer was playing at cards ivith a friend, when a Jew was trying to smuggle himself into the Russian empire without prop r vise of his passport. The sentinel on guard arrested him and reported to the otticcr. "All right, "said)he. Hours afterward the sentinel auainasked what he was to do with the Jew. The Captain, furious at being interrupted, shouted: "Why, deuce take the Jew! Hang him!" The Captain went on playing until the morning, when, suddenly remembering the prisoner, he called the soldier and said: "Bring m the Jew!" "The Jew?" said the amazed soldipr; "but I hanged him, as you ordered." "What?" said the Captain, "you have committed murder!" He arrested him, and the judgment?death?went to the Emperor. Inquiring, before signing so serious a document, and learning how matters stood, the Emperor decided that the soldier, who, without reasoning, had implicitly obeyed so extraordinary an order of his superior, was to be made a corporal; that the officer, who, while on duty, for the sake of gamblinghadgiven the murderous order, was to be sent to Siberia, and that his pay was to go to the family of the poor Jew who had so iniquitously been murdeied.?New York Sun. New York's Leisure Clas?. London, says a New York letter to the San Francisco Argonaut, has many morning concerts, fisheries exhibitions, horticultural exhibitions, private views, the everlasting Zoo, and an endless array of n 51/1 nnrl fol'i'nrv nliaro UlllUSeillCllbd VI U 111 1 AVA C441V4 IttlV.ll^ VMUa UWter, calculated to assist the leisure class of the English metropolis in killing time. New York, which apes London in its amusements, is showing a tendency in the same direction. We are now forming a leisure class here. It goes slow, but it goes. Just now it consists largely of gamblers, with a sprinkling of night editors, younger sons, ruined financiers, club men who can not afford to play Wall street, actors, college boys home for vacation, government employes and rounders. The younger sons form a picturesque element. They seem to be useful to the ladies and they wear very good clothes, so that the gamblers and rounders do not object to them particularly. That this leisure class will in time grow large is evident. The number of younger sons and society men who have nothing to do but amuse themselves increases every day. There is now a very considerable number of them -who have no more arduous aim in life than that of killing time. The women who have leisure are, of course, limitless as to numbers. They are the strong^t factors in promoting morning entertainments. The lectures, readings and concerts given in the middle of the day are 100 per cent, greater than five years ago. The Currying l'ower of Water. The carrying or transporting power of I water incrrascs as the sixth power of the velocity?a prodigious rate of increase, as may bs inferred from the fact that a stream having a velocity six times as great as another will be able to transport material weighing 46,650 times as much as that carried by the slower stream. The data from which engineers commonly calculate the effect of a scour on a river bottom are abcut as follows: j A stream flowing with a velocity of three ! inches per second barely produced an ef- j i feet on fine clay; six inches per second I will raise fine sand; eight inches per scg- i ond will raise sand of the coarseness of | linseed; twelve inches per second will j sweep along fine gravel; twenty-four ! inches per second for one and one-third | miles per hour) will carry pebbles of j about one inch diameter; thirty-six j inches per second (which is about two miles per hour, or about two-thirds the rate of speed of a moderate walk) will sweep along fragments the size of an i egg.?Boston Budget. Biff Gold Nuggets. Nuggets are the delight of a miner's heart. Some pretty big fellows have been Found now and then, and there is no ?ood reason why gold picked up in chunks weighing one and even two pounds should not some day turn up in lumps and huge bowlders of fifty pounds ar more. The largest gold nugget ever found in the world was discovered in 1858 in the Ballaret diggings, Victoria, Australia, and weghed 2,106 ounces troy. It was very pure gold, and sold for $43,580. This mammoth nugget was :alled the "Welcome," and for many pears was reckoned one of the modern jeven wonders of the world. Since the finding of the ""Welcome" many big nuggets have b'.en picked up in various parts of the world, lot none equal to the great wonder of Ballaret. Two have been found worth $21,000, one$10,000, two $8,000, one $6,500, four $5,000, twelve worth from $3,000 to $4,000, and eighteen from $1,000 to $2,000. California must be credited with the greatest number of nuggets, the anaals of gold-mining in that State during the last thirty years showing numberless others, besides some of the large one9 above mentioned, worth from $100 to $500. One nugget was found in Snowshoe Gnlch, in Montana, in 1865, which weighed 178 ounces, and was sold for $3,250. Another large lump of simonpure gold was picked up in the summer of 1865, in Nelson Gulch, worth $2,073. An Indian boy found another shining fellow in Scratch Gravel bottom in 1875, which brought him about one-third its valine?viz., $500. The fest piece of gold found in California was worth fifty cents and the second five dollars. This first treasure is no larger than a pea, but it is perhaps the most remarkable piece of metal in the world's history. It is the identical glittering particle t'.hat first caught the eye of James Marshall in Sutter's millrace, in California, t'lirty-nine years agd. That tiny, glittering particle has added to the gold of the wsrld nearly a billion and a half. This historical nugget is now among the eolI1it:tion of gems in the ?zniinsonian lnstitut? at vv usmiigLuii. The total production of gold in the world during the four years ending with 1885, was 10,396 tons, equal in value to $7,411,797,850. Valuing gold at $18.09 per ounce, a cubic inch of gold is worth $210, a cubic foot $362,885, and a cubic yard $9,797,762. A cubic foot of gold weighs 1,200 pounds avoirdupois, and $1,000,000 would, therefore, be a little less than a cube of three feet. At the commencement of the Christian era there was in the world only $427,000,000 in gold. At the time America was discovered this had dim'nished to $59,000,000. Then the new world opened up her vast treasure-vaults and a constant stream^ of wealth came pouring forth which has not ceased yet. Lord Byron on America. A discussion having arisen between two friends, the other evening, as to whether Lord Byron had ever written anything eulogistic on America, search was made, and the following eloquent tribute, says the Argonaut, was discovered in the "Ode to Venice," written in the year 1819: The name of Commonwealth is past and gone O'er the three fractions of the groaning globe; Venice is crushed, and Holland deigns to own A sceptre, and endures the purple robe; If the free Switzer yet bestrides alone His chainless mountains, 'tis but for a time, For tyranny of late is cunning grown, And in its own good season tramples down The sparkles of our asbes. One great clime, Whose vigorous offspring by dividing ocean Are kept apart and nurseu in the devotion Of Freedom, which their fathers fought for, and Bequeathed?a heritage of heart and hand, And proud distinction from each other land, Whose sons must bow them at a monarch's motion, As if his senseless sceptre were a wand Full of the tragic of exploded scien -e? atill one great clime, in full and frv defiance, Yet rears her crest, unconquered and sublime, Above the far Atlautic!?Sue has taught Her Esau-brethren that the haughty nag, The floating fence of Albion's feebler crag, May strike to those whose red right hands have bought Rights cheaply earned with blood. Still, still, for ever Better, though ea?h man's life-blood were a river, That it should flow, and overflow, than creep Through thousand lazy channels in our veius. Dammed like the dnllftaual, with locks and chains, t And moving, as a sick man in nis sieep, Three paces, and then faltering. Better be Where the extinguished Spartan3 still are free, In their proud charnel of Thermopylae, Than stagnate in our marsh; or o er the deep Fly, and one current to the ocean add, One spirit to the souls our fathers had, One freeman more, America, to thee! A Rule for Runaway Horses. President Beckmin, of the New York Park Commissioners, .iaid to a Sun reporter: "One rule for persons behind runaway horses would be of great value if they could ouly remember and adopt it. That is to stay in the vehicle as long as possible. That, like every other rule, of course, has its ex ceptions. No sensible person will st:iy in a vehicle that is about to plunge over a precipice, or be dashed to pieces against a wall of rock, if escape from it is possible, even at great hazard. But in every case I can now recall of fatal runaway accidents in the Park, the persons would have saved their lives, and probably have escaped any serious injury, had they refrained from jumping out. The sad accident by which Mrs. Pendleton lost her life is a case in point. In this, as in other instances, the runaway horses were stopped within a minute after the fatal le ip was made, and without even injury to the 1"' A- 1- J ? L ii> AW vwVSVMA nffd AVlO/1 VCD1C1C 10 WU1UU LUU > ncic a^av,uvu. Above all things, then, I would recommend to persons behind runaway horses ?don't jump. Unfortunately, however, people seem to lose their heads in the excitement of the moment, and appear to think only of parting company with the team." The Bishop's Question. Modesty is an attribute of true greatness, and men of real learning are never pompous. Any freckled and saturnine school-loy can ask questions that it would puzzle a ten volume encyclopedia to answer; and confusion is ant to overtake the pretentious individual who tries to impress his hearers with the false idea that he "knows everything in ail the books." A storv is told of a certain bishop who addressed a large assembly of Sundayschool children and wound up by asking, in a very paterual and condescending way: "And now. is there a-a-n-y little boy or a-a-n y little girl who would like to ask me a question?" After a pause he repeated the question: 'Is there a-a-n-y little boy or a a-n-y litlu girl who would like to ask me a ucstion?" A little shrill voicc called out: '-Please, ir, why did the angels walk up and down Jacob's ladder when they had wings?" "Oh, ah, yes, I see," said the bishop. "And now, is there a-a-n-y little boy or a-a-n-y little girl that would like to answer little Mary's question ?"?Youth's Companion. v- "v . v .<> " -rr.? . RELIGIOUS READING. A Prayer. God of the mountain, God of the storm, God of the flowers, God of the worm, God of the sun, God of the beautiful, God of each one, Breathe on our spirits thy love and thy healing, Teach us content with thy fatherly dealing; Teach us to love thee, To love one another, brother his brother; And make us all free,? Free from the bondage of old superstition, Free from contempt of our comrades and neighbor, Help us each one to fulfil bis true mission; And teach us 'tis noble, 'tis godlike to labor. A TTt?ialn? nr a l^nrfln. Two Scotchmen emigrated in the early days to California. Each thought to take with them some memorial of their beloved country. The one of them an enthusiastic lover of Scotland, took with him a thistle, the national emblem. The other took a small swarm of honey bees. Years have passed away. The Pacific coast is on the one hand, cursed with the Scotch thistle, which the dinners find it impossible to exterminate on the other hand, the forests and fields are fragrant and lauen with the sweetness of honey, which has been and is still one of the blessings of the western slope of the Rocky mountains. Even so docs every Christian carry with him some thistle plucked from the old man, or honey from the new man, with which to ble33 or curse men, according as he makes choice for God. How precious is our influence; how we should watch and guard it.?Words and Weapons. Tlie Bible a Book for Worker*. It in one of the characteristics of the Bible, that it is written as if its object were 1o get work out of men. It exhorts every lacuity to action, it senas its charge thrilling along every fibre. It worries indolence into action. It sends a strong, crisp current of oxygen into shrunken lungs. It shocks spiritual paralysis into life. Has it never occurred to you that it is among an activc-minded and a quick-handed people that the Bible finds its home? The south, with its slumberous atmospheres, its lazilymoving vapors, its case and lassitude, with its heavy abundance of vegetable life, does not seem the proper abode of the Bible. It was written by men who were born and reared in a cooler air. From their earliest growth they had lived in a land of mountains and torrents and waves; and through their images and similtudes they carried the stir and action of nature into the sacred books. There are entire chapters in the Bible that are full of winds and waves and the roarings of tempest. There are passages in the New Testament that sound like the splashing of rain and the shriek of circling winds. Here you find the fragrance of a lily, and anon a verse which rises upon the mind as a breeze comes | to the senses when it has blown through and taken to itself the fragrance of a pine. The Bible is therefore, as you see even in its verbal expression, a book of action. It is full of stir and rustle and movement. It is quick, lively and active,?more like a sanitary commission than a nunnery, more like a battle-field than a convent.?Qolden Rule. Christ has taught us that if our eye be single, our whole body shall be full of light. By this beautiful figure he pre? A- ... ai? u:_i. I scuwj tu ua luc vuijr u^uwt a^tuuiucuv of Christian charactcr. By the single eye we understand singleness of purpose, a constant, undeviating aim in all things to please God and to do his will. It is the same thought expressed by the apostle when he exhorts us, "whether we eat or drink, or whatsoever we do, to do all to the glory of God." What higher state of perfection than this?a state in which the heart and mind are true to God as the needle to the pole?can any man attain? The fullness of blessing, promised as resulting from this state, shows that it embraces all we can hope to attain in this life. Singleness of purpose and fullness of blessing in the service of God is our highest attainment and our purest joy on earth.?Christian Union. There is a certain class of unbelievers who are forever telling us that the reason why they do not become Christians is that n-ra cn m?nv livnnr-rites in the church. This is the strangest excuse, for it is not a reason. Suppose there are hypocrites in the church, what of it? They won't be in heaven, but in hell, when the judgment is concluded. And if a man refuses Christ, no matter what viay be his reasonj he will at length be in hell, and then ne and the hypocrites will be together. It i;i in effect to say, "Rather than be a Christian and church member in which there are some hypocrites, with whom I must live in outward fellowship for a few years, I will reject Christ, lose my own soul and live in hell with the hypocrites forever."? Children's ltecord. Christ is the key to the history of the world. Not only docs all harmonize with the mission of Christ; all is subordinated to it. "When I saw this it was to me as wonderful and surprising as the light | which Paul saw on his way to Damascus ? Von Muller. In Springfield, Mass., on a recent Sunday, ten clergymen called on their parishioners for an expression of opinion in regard to restricting the liquor traffic. Slips of paper were distributed in the pews with the words: "The undersigned desires to sustain the aldermen m the utmost restriction of license," and received many hundred signatures. The Hon. B. Fl. Hill, of Atlanta, Ga., | ;avs that of the 700 criminals he has con- | victcd, U00 committed their crirncs while under the influence of whisky. ' ' ' " .. mm j TEMPERANCE DEPARTMENT. :. v .? An Adage From the Orient. At the punch-bowl's brink, Let the thirsty think What they say in Japan: "First the man takes a drink, Then the drink fcake3 a drink, Then the drink takes the manP ?K R. Sill, in IndeoendanL A Temperance IiecCnr?' The old colored manfe illustration' would not stand the test of rhetoric, since it was evidently invented for the occasion, but if the Pittsburg Chvonidt has reported the story correctly, tie moral was of the right sort. Said the-old man; ".Mind me, my bredern an' my sistern, of a annecote I wonce heerd when I wa3 nigh about a pickanniny. Dar was a sho't ho'n kalf a ram1 ling ob hisself down a-shady lane, when wot should he see bat Mr. Snaik a lying on de ground with a K!r? rnnL; An Kfa Ifn TTaI# wr??j ivviv VU uig UCU. KJOTJ O ilil* AJhftHy 'Wat's de matter of you?' Says Mr. Snaik: 'Please, Mr. Kalf, to- take dia stone offen myhed.' 'Dunno,' says Mr. Kalf. "Spec'you'll bite-me;' "Deed, no,' says Mr. Snaik; 'you take- de stone off, an' fo' de Lo'd I'll nebber bite you.* So Mr. Kalf he knockcd' de stooe offen Mr. Snaik's head. 'Which way you gwine, Mr. Kalf?' says Mr. Snaik. lDown dis way,' said Mr. Kalf. So-diey started off togedder. Bime-by Mr. Soaik say: 'Mr. Kalf, guess I'll bite you.' 'Why,* said Mr. Kalf, 'you said you wouldn't bite me if I turned you loose.1 1 know dul,' says Mr. Snaik, 'but I kaint help it; it's my nature.' 'Well,' saya Mr. Kalf, 'we'll leave dat queschum to- do fust pusson we meet.' Well, de fu^t pusson dey met was a fox. 'Mr. Fox,' says Mr. Kalf, 'I tuk a stone offen Mr. Snaik's hed a while back, an' he promised he wouldn't bite me. An' now he wants to bite anyhow.' 'Well,' says Mr. Fox, 'de only way dat I can arborate the matter is to see de 'rig'nal persishuns of de parties.' So dey went back anr Mr. Snaik laid hisself down, and Mr TTalf nut rie ntnna on his hed. 'Now,' says Mr. Fox, 'dat am ' de 'rig'nal persishuns ob de 'sputants, am it?' Dey boff said it was. 'Well,' scd Mr. Fox, 'Mr. Kalf, you just go 'bout yo' bis'ness an' Mr. Snaik won't bite you.' Dessit, my bredern, dessit. You mus* put de- stone on de hed an' gwine about yo' bis'ness, an' the snaik won't bite yon."' Labor and Liquor. In Master Workman Powderly'a latest address to the Knights of Labor throughout the country, he used the following noble, and what' we regard, historic words: To our drinking members I extend the hand of kindness. I hate the uses to which rum has been put, but it is my duty to reach down ana lift up the men who have fallen viatims to the use of liquor. If there is such a man within the sound of the secretary's voice when this is read, I ask him to stand erect on the floor of his assembly, raise his hand to heaven, and repeat with me these words: "I am a Knight of Labor. I believe that every man should be free from the curse of slavery, whether the slavery appears in the shape of monopoly, usury or Intemperance. The firmest link in the chain of oppression is the one I forge when I drown manhood and reason in drink. What if one moment's forgetfulness or inattention to duty while drunk brings defeat to the least of labor's plan, a life-time of attention to duty alone can repair the loss. I promise never again to put myself in such a position." ! Mr. Powderly wields a vast influence over the laboring people of this country. If he can direct that influence so as to measurably decrease the amount oi drunkenness among the working classes he will earn the right to be called one of labor's greatest benefactors. Doubtless laboring men have suffered indignities at the hands of monopolies; but there has been no evil which they have struggled , under which can compare in its malign effects and devastating influence with the evil of the alcoholic appetite. In the general growth of temperance sentiment that is now observed throughout the country, it is gratifying to see this new and powerful adjunct of the labor organization keeping abreast with the advanced positions of the day. The cause of temperance is the cause of labor. Every step of advancement in this direc- # tion marks a stage in advance of the emancipation of the laborer from the ? Ai-.i. C? vilest and most abject slavery mat ua? ever enthralled the race.?Lynn {Mass.,) Union. Church and Saloon. There are twelve saloons to every church and twelve bar-keepers to every minister. The church opens its doors two or three days in the week. The saloon grinds on and on with its mill of destruction all the days of every week, all the months of every year. That we are out-numbered is not all. "We are out generaled as well. The people of the rum shop propose in their hearts not only to mar and neutralize, but to obliterate and displace the lessons of church and Sunday-school. They have studied carefully the tastes, tendencies and preferences of boys and young men, their natural and innocent taste for variety, J 'A" omuoomnnf rvroforonona ioncilll'83 IWi ttlUUOViUVMWj 1/lViVIVUVWW * ?? young company, and they pander to all these in ways that take hold upon death. ?Frances E. Willard. Temperance Notes. A drunkard is defined to be a man who tried to be a moderate drinker and failed. General Nenl Dow is preparing a book )n the topic of Prohibition. Judge Fitzgerald, of the police court of Cincinnati, in an outspoken letter to the Saloon-keepers' Association on the terrible curse of drunkenness, says: "Out of the 2,0#0 persons whose cases I have disposed of since the 1st of last January, over ninety per cent, of their crimes ia chargeable to intemperance."