The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, September 14, 1887, Image 1
BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. 0., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1887. VOLUME XXXII. NO. 18. ll
i I.I *8%
-?-?????THE
LITERARY CLUB.
THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION COMPARED
WITH OTHER FREE CONSTITUTIONS,
ANCIENT AND MODERN.
*
An Kwiny Rcail IJclorc tho Ablipvillc
I.ltcrnry <'lul> liy \V. A. I.ci'. Ksq., at
the Huiixcof (ienernl Koulinm. on :
Friday Fvciiiii^. September 2. 1SK7.
The subject selected for this essay may not i
seem inappropriate in this Cenletininl yenr o i
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, when i
elaborate preparation1* ure beiup: made to e?dc- ]
brate the event in that historic city where, <
from Ituh'jtcndenrc J/all, on the 41It of.Inly-, i
177C, the bold declaratim of our freedom liisi
ran? out upon tlie air: where* in the saint i
i.i, ihainh oi'JnK* 1T7S llie Articles i
of Confederation were adopted; where, in the I
same plaee. on the 14th of May, 1787, the (.'on- ]
vention, with Washington at its head, met to !
frame a Constitution; and where, on the 17th .
September, tlie work was finished, and th? '
fundamental law of the land was given to t/u \
world. I
ltJ.ESSINUS 1'NHKKVAtCRD. j
To us, who inherit as our birthright, the
blessings of American freedom and the pri vi- '
leges of American eiii/.enship. it is ditllcult tc
realize all that those words import, in their j
depth of meaning and wide significance; to
view those blessings in the light of their pa?t
history: in the fierce struggles by which they
were achieved: in the jealous care with (
which they have been preserved; and in the i
Influence which, for ages past, they have ex
ertcd In fixing the thoughts and feelings of i
our people: and guarding alike oil'* homes, \
and anchoring fast the habits of our daily life, s
They are, perhaps, like tlie thousand and one t
other blessings which surround us, whose t
magnitude we overlook in the triteness of f
daily contact; like the air we breathe, the (
food wo eat, and all those wonders of science t
aud art which minister to our comfort: the \
press, the telegraph, the locomotive, flic coin- <
pass, the steam-ship, the spindle, the loom, t
and all the agencies of a complex and pro- c
gresslve civilization. \
"IV TUB ini'JT. UKIM-R. If
Lie. 1
Perhnps this blissful unconsciousness ol ''
blesstngs enjoyed, is like that of Carlylc's J:
model mail, whose bodily organization was so {
perfect, that lie was not aware that he had a .
system; ;but entirely unlike that of those .
French revolutionists who, according tc ,
Burke, made "the medicine of the State Its S
daily bread." Not many lortunatc men have .
reached the happy slate depicted by the
Scotch essayist and historian, uot many com- '
monwealths, the ideal ot the Greek phtloso- '
pher: but lindalike the need of the reformer
and the physician ; and happy alike shal! they
be if they pursue alike the regimen of i:
health and disease, guard alike the:priugs t
of life, liberty and happiness, and reform by f
[ renewitigand invigorating thcold, arid breath- c
Jng into the ancient forms the spirit of a nv ?
and more luxuriant growth. r
ANALYSIS OF THK SiriUKCT. o
To furnish a br?et analysis of our complex ?
system of government, state and Federal, and
of the numerous safeguards which the wise i,!
care of our ancestors has established for the I1,
protection of public and privata liberty, as *'
contrasted witn the governments and lnstitn- .
tions of the ancient republics, and of our own
father-land mav lead lis to a higher apprccia- f
tlon of the forms of American government ''
and the spirit of American liberty.
thk origin of government. opinions oki v
cai.hol'n and aristotle. i
And first, as to the origin of government: t
Aristotle and our own Calhoun alike discard i
the theory of a social compact, of a Hobhs and I
a Locke, by which, according to the first, we '
emerge from a state of war, and according to <J
the other from a slate of liberty and equality, v
and show that government is a necessary l
con sequence of society, and that society is ill- r
ylnely established, being necessary to man's l
existence and the perfect ion of his faculties.
As Calhoun remarks, government Is based i
upon man's social and selfish nature. With- f
out the first, there would have been no soeie- '
ty, and without the latt?r. there would have 1^
been no necosslty for government.
cat.hoi'n'.s model government.
The only perfect government, according to li
the Carolina statesman is one in which every
' Interest In the State Is protected by a veto e
upon all opposing interests; a concurrent, as 1
opposed to a numerical majority. Such a u
government he sought to find in the Federal "
" itI, (ft iitinnbc on(l hdlnnppc to f<
government of limited powers, in which State a
rights forme** a necessary element. in its ad- e
ministration, and which in yielding to a ] *"more
perfect union," had abated nothing of '
their original integrity. A government o! n
granted and well defined powers, a strict con
struction of its provisions, vas necessary to n
mark clearly the boundaries of state and s
Federal jurisdiction and to preserve t lie re- e
nerved rights of tlie states from the encroach- 0
merits of the general govern meut. s
HAMILTON'S MODE!.. j)
Alexander Hamilton, his lllnstrlous prede- f
cessor, had in the Convention which adopted j;
the Federal Constitution, advocated a strong
government, and in his speeches before the
New York Convention, and in his articles in
the Fedjrali-t, gave especial prominence to
thoso evils of the old Confederation, which t'
resulted from the lack of a strong central e
power, clothed with sutllcipnt authority to v
enforce Its commands, and make itself re- fi
spected nt home and abroad. Hence the dis- a
clplesof the school of Hamilton, with the ex- b
amples of the Greek republics and the States g
under the articles of confederation constantly T
before them, and the abiding fear of disintegration,
urged a liberal construction of the r
powers granted, for the purpose of increasing !'
the authority of the general govcrment. Hum- Jj
ilton himself in one of his speeches before the *
New York Convention, struck the kev note of M
. ?, :
mis IIOLTUI IVIIU lTIIIIIIII?lll|i (.IIIIMJ UVIM/II nil
the following words: "After nil our doubts, *.
our speculations on thesnbjeet. of government. ,
we must return at last, to this Important
truth, that when we have founded a constitutlon
on free principles, when we have given a
proper balance to the dilTerent branches of nd- "
ministration, and fixed representation on c.
pure and equal principles, we may with safety "
furnish it with all the powers, to answer in }'
the most competent manner the purposes of |
government. The great desiderata are a free ?
representation and mutual checks. When '
these nre obtained, all our apprehensions of c
the extent of powers are unjust and lmngi- r
. nary." J
WHICH THE TRITE 1'UOl'IIKT AND WISEK a
STATESMAN. C
Time and the stern "logic of events" ltave "
shown which was the true prophet, the Caro }1
Una or the New York statesman ; what !'
dangers were most to be feared, the reserved *
powers of the States or the controlling, cen- 0
tralizlnc forces of the General Government, t
The problem. Indeed, has been worked out
upon a wldor field than either statesman eon
templated. New territory, the fruit of pur- (
chase and the fruit of conquest, has extended N
our magnificent domain from the Atlantic to y
the Pacific, and from the lakes to the Gulf, e
bringing In new factors to complex and con- 4
found, and new Ideas to confuse the lawgiver "c
and the statesman ; territorial governments ,j
culling for establishment and regulation, new t
States knocking at the door of the Union for ?
admission: and in the meantime old issues \
fanning into a (liime the fires of fratricidal /
war in which red-handed riot rode rampant ,
over constitutional right; followed by those }
dark days of Reconstruction, when freedom x
seemed to be extinct and the heritage of our -j
lathers forever lost. Hut in tills wo bavo but c
shared the fate of our Knglish ancestors, and j
trust that like them, we have emerged from |
trial with principles tested as by lire, and all |
the Safeguards of civil and constitutional lib- ,,
eriy Intact. ,
THE CONSTITUTION OK TIIK OKKilNAI. THIU- I
TEEN NOW TIIK CONSTITUTION OK THIRTY- I
EIGHT STATES. ITS EULOCiV. >
A Constitution framed for thirteen States has {
been made to do duty for an empire of thirtyeight
States aud sixty millions of people, 1
with its complex government, State and 1-ed- {
eral. And theugh some of you may think J
that the Constitution as interpreted by our J
fathers lias been .shorn of some or its lair proportions,
yet we miiy all say of it with far
greater truth than Fox said of the old French
constitution of 17-Sl?, that it is "the most stupendous
fabric of wisdom that, the world
ever saw;" which Gladstone eulogizes as "the
most wonderful work ever struck olf at a
given time i?y the brain and purpose of inan."
and in which Freeman, the Kmrllsh historian,
linds bis Ideal of Confederated government?
"an ideal in its most elaborate and perfect
"development, the most llnished ami the most
"artificial product of political ingenuity,
"which can only attain its perfect form In a
''highly relined ai*e, and itmoug a people
"whose political education has already
"strcatched over many years."
TlfK Kit A M KWOHK OF ANCIENT SOCIETY ANI> '
Til K FORMS OK AM'IKM IKI'.KDOM.
Before considering, the wl<e provisions of .
the Federal Constitution. which mark out J
the lioundaries of the Stale ami hVderal Jn- |
rlediction, and that Complex System of ,
checks and ba'anees whieii preserves tiie ,
? <]niliI>ritiin nf tlie various departments of
the Government, and those safeguards of
Hie, liberty and properly, which now form
the boast of American civilization and the
cherished heritage of American freemen; let <
us review for a moment, the framework or i
anciont society, and the spirit and forms of
free institutions, among the best of the an- I
eient republics. Those republics furnish a
wnhject of unceasing Interest to us, afl'ordlng
a< they ilo, a coil I met to the prevailing des- <
of the Kast. and exibiting tlie first, germs of
those free Institutions, which lire associated '
wit It all that is best and brightest in the pasl I
history of our ran*, and which have readied I
their full development, in the forms of Anier- I
iron Government, the spirit, of American i
freedom, and tlie safeguards of American '
liberty. i
AIUSTOTI.F.'S SITKVEY OF TlflC flllEKlv I'ORMS j
?;<>VKK.\\M KM .
Aristotle's survey of the (iiwk forms of
Hoverninent. embraced the history nnil constitution
of more than one hundred and fifty
states, in the mother country find thecolo- .
nies, and lurnish nearly sill tne Information,
Hint we have on the subject. This is necessarily
scanty and fragmentary,giving but an im
perfect view of their Internal condition and
hanges. But we know, that in the heroic
igos, the constitution universally prevalent,
was a monarchy, limited by ancient custom,
ind a body of chiefs raised above the people?
n other words, an aristocracy with a hereditary
prince at Its head. A monarchy abusing
its powers, was designated by Aristotle, as a
tyranny, an aristooricy, as an oligarchy, and
i commonwealth or polity, as a democracy,
i'he earlier forms passed by a natural transiion.
Into the later, and whilst the ruling
mdy was losing a part of its streiiKth, the
UIII IlllUlill I V CIIItlHIl llj Cllinillii MIIIII
>crs and wealth. "It must not bo forgotten," 1
says Thirhvall, "that the terms oligarchy and <"
lemoeracy, refer only to a small part of the '
x pulation?the native freemen?and did not t
ncludc slaves and free foreigners."'
ni.'.MOCItACIES OK Sl'ART.V AXI> ATHENS. 1
A democracy which fully satisfied the 1
!rock notion, was one in which every attrimteof
sovereignty, without respect to rank
>r property, might he attained !>y every free- 1
nan. Such was the constitution of Sparta, t
v hero the sovereign power, resided in the as- f
ipinbly of the people, established long before e
lie days of Lycurgus, where there was nil elec- li
Ive Senate of thirty members, charged with v
unctions, deliberative, executive and Judi- ?
ial; two of whom exercised the kingly of ?
i''C, and to whom, assisted by a council ot a
var, was entrusted the direction of military fi
iperations. Such, in a large measure, was t
he constitution of Athens, where the/onrth fc
lass though excluded from the magistracy, ri
vhich Mas divided among the three higher r
lasses, ruled in the popular assembly and in
lie higher courts. To restrain the assembly
md conduct its business there was the coun it
nf Knnr Hliiwlroil ? there was also a Sll-1 .
ircme Court of six thousand citizen.*, chosen by I
of, and charged with tlie highest judicial *
unctions?and besides, the august Court of ?
he Anopagus. sitting In the open air, and ex- J
rcislng the highest powers of criminal Juris- "
liction?institutions re-modeled If not estah- J*
ishcd by Solon,and with nil their defects, ?
howlng the caution and ingenuity of a wise ?
ind experienced statesman.
GREEK SOCIETY FRAMED KOR WAR. t
But the whole framework of society was I'
insed upon a system repugnant to our no- cl
ions of individual liberty and personal inde- r
K-ndence?a system formed for war, which o
on verted every commonwealth into an arm- r
d camp, and subordinated every Individual "
Igru in mu Miiirciiiiivv (ii iiic nuiw?uuuiiii
d with every association in life, and crashed t
nit all independence and freedom of action? t
i.'-nee their sumptuary and agrarian laws? t
lence the universal practice of infanticide? i1
lence the institution of domestic slavery,? t
nd hence all the atrocities of the ancient r
warfare, which however mitigated among the c
onian * races, was universally prevalent t
inong the Greek States. And we must not f
orgot too. that in ancient Athens 100,000 clti- >(
ens ruled over 400,000 slaves, besides exercls- t
us Jurisdiction over other Greek States. And e
fhat sort of a freedom was that enjoyed by a
he Athenean citizens, when tlie purse, and
he sword, and the scales of justice were alike ft
n the hands of a mob, which after the, days of ii
Vrieles, lieeamc the tools of every designing t
leiiiagomic, overriding all law and 11 vine up- u
in confiscation and plunder; where there t
fere none of the checks which our constltu- <1
ions, State and Federal Impose upon the va- t
ions departments of the government?where r
here were none of the snfegunrds of Anglo- b
iaXon liberty, Magna Cm-la, Trial hi/ Jury, t'
nd Habeas Corpus, and where life, liberty anil h
iroi erty were at the mercy of a mob, whose q
lame was Legion and whose will was the suircme
law.
TIIK AltTICI.ES OK CONFEDERATION. 0
Well might Hamilton and thedisclplcs of e
lis school, stand aghast at the retrospect of p
Hates, "dissevered, discordant and belllger- ti
nt"?to adopt the language of Webster?torn p
iy Intestine iliscord and exhausted by contin- v
isii war, and seek elsewhere for models of free a
ml stable government. Tue Articles of ("on- g
[ deration could furnish no models, but rather o
warning aeainst the dancers, which threat- o
lied the life of the new republic. The Con- o
:ress of the Confederation hnd the mere sem- r
lance of government, without power, either a
iver the States or the people; the Confedera- o
ion bad no financial system, no Judiciary, a
nd its Congress was a mere representation ol o
overeign States, who might at any time re- a
all their delegates, and disregard the action s
if the central authority. The evils ot the old e
ystein are clearly pointed out, in Ihoseable o
rllcles of Hamilton, Madison and Jay which e
oinpose the Federalist and embody the pro- o
imildest. lescons of wisdom for the student of
olitical history.
THE RRITISII CONSTITUTION.
Tlie leading stutesmen of the convention, 1<
lur.d in the nrillsh Constitution, with its a
hreefold division of power. Legislative. Kx- p
ctitive and Judicial, and In the twofold dl- a
lsion of the Legislative Branch, a model of g
ree Institutions, which with modifications tl
dapted to our changed condition, might pro- fi
pet our ancient rights, and adapt itself to our p
rowing civilization. s
IIE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION A COMPROMISE. I1
A herculean task however awaited the 'v
ramers of the Federal Constitution amid the 0l
irring and conflicting interests of thirteen ,,
tates, large and small; and the final result jj
;as only obtained by the compromise of n
fiany conflicting interests, and after long and
arncst debate. Only eleven Stales were rep- s
esentt-d in the Convention, and the five n
irger States, Massachusetts, Connecticut, VI rinia,
North Carolina, and Georgia, came L
III. o ,,,l.,?itt?,l Vv,r V.I ni ,1 n.l Hon.
>1111 <1 | ' I?I 11 ( {?UVIIIIH'.U KfJ
olph, of Virginia, which provided for a Conress
of two houses, an Executive, and a Ju- I<
iclury. but both Houses were to he chosen in e
iroportion to population; and Congress was it
o choose the Executive and the Judiciary: o
hus throwing it in the power of the large e
itat.es to control the government. On the p
ontrary, Wm, Patterson, of New Jersey, rep- V
eventing the smaller States, proposed a plan, c
rhlcli continued the Congress of t lie Con fed- ii
ration, giving a power U> control commerce, n
nd to coerce the Slates refusing to obey its ii
mnniands. The Federal Constitution, as a
dopted. was a compromise between I liese op- e
losing views, and so apparently irreconeila- 0
ile were they, that the f'onventlon was more c
ban once, on the brink of dissolution, with- e
iiit effecting its purpose. ii
HK COMPROMISES OF THE KKDKltAI, CONST I- ^
Tl'TIO.V.
The first great compromise was the present '
yyn.ititrifion of the Senate, which as a compenation
for proportionate representation In the
,owcr IIousc, gave to the smaller Slates, p
qua! representation in the Upper House, or n
senate. This gave to the smaller States, that s:
quality of representation in an important r
lepar'ment of the government, which furlislicd
a valuable safeguard to their power
ind independence. Another compromise was
lie grant to thc.South of three-fifths rejirrsenat
ion of Uteir slave population. Another coiniromise,
was the extrusion of the slave trude for t
went if yam. Another important provision o
vms, as to future ratification and amendment, i
riie ratification of nine States, was to he sulH- I
(lent to put tlie Constitution In force; and an a
ndependent power of amendment, was given i
o tivo-lhinls of Congress and convention or li
euislators of three-fourths of the Stales. Con- s
;ri-ss was given the power nnd has exercised f
t <>f admitting new States into the union; t
mil under this power twenty-five new States v
lave been admit ted; and the time may tome, j:
vhen the new States shall furnish a threeourth's
vote over the adverse vote of the original
thirteen Sintes. Tints through the operaJon
of national causes, and ttie liberal Inter- \
relation of constitutional powers, apart from I *
lie war of Secession, and the arbitrament of j j1
he sw ord, has the sovereignty of the States, in |'
ts original sense, been subordinated to the'"
tower of tiio Federal government. J *
WE LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE ANI> Jl'DI- [ (
CI A L DEI*A HTM KNTS. I
The division of the government into the f
hree great departments. Legislative. Kxecu- I
,l ve and Judicial, first, clearly pointed out by j f
uonn-MjuiiMi, lornis a inuiiiiiK provision 01 win : I
Urilisti and American Constitutions, anil i
inds it full and best development In the lat-! l
er: commending itself alike to tlie reason is
md experience of the statesman and j> 1111 os-!.
>pher. The functions of encli, being onsen tin I-11
y distinct can better be discharged separately lr
intl independently. The Legislative with its ]j
wo-fold divisions, properly represents IhOiV
>opular will, whilst the Judiciary In its calm ! I
tvlsdom and severe Judgment, is belter lltted j j
a decide between complex and conflicting in-! j
crests; and the Executive,armed with t.heji
mwl directness of a single will, ean hot- i
er maintain the dignity ""<1 IHrloncy of tin* i
iaw. Tims, liberty, t>ro?{rcsK, ami material <lo-!
cclii|iiiicnt liave tlie tiiicst wrnjic for tlu-ir ex rciso.
m:aiun<; kkati'KKs ok tiik km;i.ism con-. :
stitl.'tion. j j
'i t... i n.... nf omiKtilllliiiiiiil imv. 1 i
eminent, were first developed in Finland, out
t?f Feudal conditions, anil have served as a:;
model for those of most of the Kuropean i:
States, and for onr Federal and Stnte governments.
There, Instead of our elective I'resl-1
dent, is a heredilarv king or queen: instead i
t
>f our Senate, n hereditary House of Lords;
whilst I Mo real power of the govern ment reddes
In the House of Commons, I lie popular
liraneli <<f the Legislature. 'I'lie most .iharacteristic
feature oj the Kiiirlisli government is
Llic Cabinet or Ministry, uml which like so
much else that is Kntflish, is unknown to the
written law, and is tho creature of custom
iml precedent?.1 body concentrating in its
lands, the whole power of the House of Commons,
am! directim: the whole national policy,
foreign and domestic. The power of the
Ministry depends upon its majority In the
fiouse of Commons: and its tenure of office
e itcnhlMfV f i \ VI ?t i\ i 11 tllfltnUL
orily. A defeated ministry must either ro:ign,
or appeal to the country, through :i gen- ,
ral elect ion, on the dissolution of Parllanent;
and hence there Is necessarily a liarnony
between the ministry, the Commons,
uid the people. Two great parties, Whig and
|'ory, with numberless shades of Liberalism
md Conservatism.strive for the mastery of
he Commons, which is the great battlefield of
^institutional liberty; and a change of inlnstry
is but t lie success, perhaps temporary, of
>ne party over the other, evoked by some ,
ranslcnt ebullition of popular fpeling, '
rroutided upon some imagined grievance, or
iome great national reverse of arms. The i
lower of the Lords is only nominal and may !
>e overcome by the creation of new peers;
vhilst a veto by the crown of a great popular j
neasure has not been exercised since the days
>f Queen Anne; 110 ministry has been dlsnissed
by the Crown, since 1R34; the power of
he Monarch, being exercised through his 1
ninistry, who tire ultimately responsible to 1
he House of Commons. I
"IlK ENGLISH M I JflSTH V?IH. K rilMinruti,
CARINKT AND 8EXATK.
The English ministry nro members of Hie
fouseof Commons or Lords, and thus control
tie legislation of the country, whilst the j
unctions of our President and Cabinet are i
hiefly executive; the President exercising
lowever, a wholesome check, through his ]
eto, upon hasty legislation; and the Senate
rhich represents thedignityand powerol the i
Hates, forming an integral part of tlie nation- !
1 lezislature; and through its tenure of ofIce,
its age and experience, tempering the enhusiasm
and excitement of the popular
iranch, by tlie wise conservatism of its more '
natured wisdom. 1
OWEli.S OK CONfiKESS, THK EXECUTIVE, ANI> !
TIIK JUDICIARY. j
The powers grunted or denied to Congress,!.
rill show that it was not the design of our fa- 1
hers toconfer upon it the omnipotence of the <
English Parliament. Certain powers are i
ranted, which uru (1) either specially defined, |
r ('2) which are necessary to carry out tlie <
iregolng. On the other hand, there are two 1
inSSl'S OJ [lOWt'I S Ullliru HM.lMISn , -j.ru,...J , ,
r in general terms. Within the sphere of the i
lowers granted, the general government Is j
upreme, whilst all other powers rest with the I
itatcs. With Legislative functions vested in
wo Houses, independent of each other and .
ndependentof the Executive, and having a '
ift'erent electoral constituency; the llousc
cpresenting the people in the proportion of
ine representative, according to I lie last apportionment,
to every 154.(iOO of population ; '
r thirty-three representatives as a maximum
n one of the larger States, to one reprcscntai
ve In one of the smaller; the Senate in which
he balance is preserved, by giving twoSenaors
to each of the States, thus making the
lumber of the Senators double tlie number of 1
he States; with a President vested with a
ower to veto all obnoxious legislation, exept
that any bill may he passed by a two- *
birds vote over Ills veto; an Executive. Vc 1
artmrnt, with its so veil subordinate divis- 1
uns, exercising nil the administrative tunc- !
ions of the government, and called upon ev-1 j
ry four years, to give an account of its stew- j J
r'dsliip; a Judiciary Department, with its nine 1
'upreme and nine Circuit, anil one hundred and j
/teen Ditlrict Judpen, holding their otlices dur-1'
bg good behavior, and exercising jurisdiction
in all cases in law and equity, arising
indcr the Constitution, Laws and Treaties of '
ho United States; except, purely political j
uestions, which wme within tho province of ?
.'on kress or the rresiuem; we nuvc u coiii-i j
lex system with Its manifold checks and !
alanccs, in which (he wisdom of our ancestors
sought to embody the best feat tiros of for- '
ler systems, and to avoid their defects. *
OVEUNMENTS, STATE AND FEDERAL, WITH J
I'OWERS OK EXPANSION OK ADAPTATION. I
We have governments, State and Federal, '
ach moving In its appointed orl>it, and vest- 1
d respectively with stipulated and residual j
owers, expanding and adapting themselves 1
r> the marvelous growth of our territoiy and '
lopnlatioi, with an elasticity of adaptation, '
rhich daily verifies the truth of Madison's '
ssertlon, that "extent of territory is not danerous
to the Union"; we have the heritage
f the Common Law. and all the muniments [
f Anglo-American liberty?tho?e safeguards '
f life, liberty and property.?the dulce decux 1
t praeaidium of our national lite?which arc J
like the mainsprings and the bulwalks of
ur advancing civilization. We have above i!
II, the Instincts,the habits nn<l tne uiscimine i
f freemen?of men, "who know their right* |
ml knowing dare maintain"?the wise con-1
prvntlsm of race, nourished and strengthen-!
d by the native air of independence, jealous
f encroachment, impatient ot wrong, aud
herishing as our fiest birthright, the heritage
f freemen.
THIS KNIt ANIl SCOl'K OK GOVERNMENT.
That the proper end of Government. Is to
romotc the iiappiness of the governed, is no j
jnger a matter of controversy, but a received j
xiom in politics. According to Iientham.
artlai evil must yield to the general good,
nd the true theory is to pursue "the greatest
ood to the greatest number; and our own
henry and practice teach that, this is best ef?cted
by a government "of the people, for the
eople, and by the people.'' As to the true
phcre and proper functions of government,
here has been much controversy. The nontterfercnce
theory hns found its strongest adocates
in John Stuart Mill and Herbert-.Spoil- j
er, on the ground that State agency is less
licet I ve than that of individuals ; and whilst
he lirst would cl ve to the State the power to J j
pguiate education, 1 lie hours or labor and1;
in died subjects, the latter would restrict the | i
phere of government to the protection of<
t'e, liberty and properly. I:
K(?ISI.ATION WITH US. STATU INTEUKISI'J )
EXCK.
In our own country, the boundary of State ' J
'edcral legislation, are in a large measure ,
Icarly defined,, but the limits to which Ktate |
ntcrvcntion should properly go in the devel-1,
pment of the lnduslrial resources of tliej,
oil 11 try, and the education and morals of the ,
eople is a question of more dillicult solution, i |
V'orks of great magnitude and of a public!
imfiidiiir nn.i of national concern, nesessarilv I,
nvoko the agency of tlie general govern- ]
nent?the nntional defences, the resul.itIon of (
ii ter-Ktii to commerce, the post otlice. the mint ,
nd perhaps the telegraph. Whether prop- '
rly or not, State legislation lms attempted to ,
isteruml regulate almost every material, so- 'i
ial, moral, religious and educational Inter- ,
st. In many ease# It. has gone too far, repress- j
lie private enterprise and retarding social ?
nd industrial progress. The tendency seems j
t> be on tlio side of excessive State interfer- |
nee. ,
WESTERN IjKCISJ.ATIO.W 1
A writer in the May number of the Confetti-\ J
wary jtruicu/ cm s mc -n n. ... i.u.. <
s an example of this tendency, and as n fair
mnplc of western legislation. Kvery mate
In| and social interest, the grain truffle, the
attle businevs, insurance, pharmacy, fish and
ame, steam-boilers, toll for grinding, labor,
lie public schools with compulsory attendnee.
charitublc establishments, prohibition
nd high license, nil receive the attention of
he Western law-giver. The subject, is a wide
me, and we shall not attempt to discuss it In
Is manifold bearings and complex relations*.
I would indeed in Itself furnish material for
II essay. Hut we may rest assured that there
? rather danger of too much than too little
legislation, and that Government best suberves
the ends ot Its institution, which after
urnlshiiig all proper guarantees for the proectlonof
person and property, interferes least
ritli personal freedom and individual enterprise.
AMENHMKNTS.
The Constitution of 17S7 Is substantially the
'onstitution of ISS7, with certain ainendnients
nperadded* In pursunnce of the power conerred
by the Constitution, and according to
1... inii.lo nri-si-rlhcil bv it. Anu-ml
leuts have boon ratified ami added toll, as it
upplcment. The first Ten Amendment* wore
Ik-result of the strugglesover the adoption
>1" the Constitution, and form the guarantees
if popular rights, having been proposed by the
irst Congress of 17SH,and ratified in 1T1I1. "The
Ktevent h Amendmrnt prohibiting a citizen
romsueinga Slate was ratified In 17DS and
lie Twelfth Amendment, changing the Klectoal
system to its present, form, was ratified in
sOI. The Thirteenth A memlmenl abolishing
slavery was ratified in 1 SOo. The Fourteenth
AMentlme.nl conferring citizenship on the
ihieks, but disfranchising the higher classes
?f t.'onfodera'e office-holders, after beinir reecteii
by the legislator!s of tiio Southern
states held under "Provident Johnson's Policy."
was adopted finally In Ihis, under the
Reennstruetion A els. The Fifteenth A m f mill
en t forbidding any discrimination In the
right of citizens to vote, on account, of "race
olor.or previous condition ol servitude*' was
ntifled in law.
TIIK CONKKOKHATK CONSTITUTION.
The short lived Monicroniery Constitution
nioptcd substantially the provisions of tlie
Federal Constitution, hut made some imporlant
changes. It formally recognised State
sovereignty; gave the Cabinet seats without
votes in Congress; lengthened the term of
President iiiid vice 1'resiuent to six yearn,
forbidding the re-election of the former; forbade
appropriations for Internal improvements,
and the pa.e.*ai;e of a Protective TarlIT";
undniiv" <'onjjre.SK the power to protect slave
ry In lho territories The fall of the Confed- 1
erni-y deprived Southern statesmen of the
opportunity of testing the value of these J
changes, apd of realizing their dream of their
ideal republic.
17S7 AND 1VS7. ]
The Constitution of 1787, as we have said, Is
substantially the Constitution of 18S7. Stale
Sovcriyvty is indeed a thins; of tlio past, but
States J'if/his arc interpreted and enforced by
the highest Judicial tribunal in the land, i
Siavery with Its cherished traditions of Southern
Home life has passed away with the
echoes of the war that sought to maintain it:
but new fields of enterprise have been opened
to engage the active brains and busy hands of
Sulhern youth, and to the triumphs of statesmanship
and diplomacy,of literature, science
and art, they are called upon to add the mastery
of material forces, in the development of
material wealth.
A NEW SOUTH AND A NEW WEST. f
We honor and cherish the memory of all j
that is best and brightest In onr old civilization,
and bold fast to those manly Instincts c
and deep-rooted principles of honor, valor, 1:
integrity, patriotism and sectional pride, j,
which formed the characteristic features of
Southern civilization ; but now we are pre- e
pared to ioin In the fierce competition and 1
busy enterprises which me to give us not only s
n new South bnt n new Watt,
A NEW NORTH AND A NEW EAST.
To plant cities In the wilderness, and over
[til t It is brouil land of ours from the seas to the v
lakes, to shower over a thousand happy homes 11
the blessings of freedom and the richest fruits {
>)f civilized life f
FELLOW CITIZENS! AND STILL FELLOW CITI- .
ZENS !
Adopting the senllment and partly ihelan- n
juasre of the eloquent Prentiss, we may still I
ay, I liave stood on the shores of the Golden v
flute of the Pacific and said Fellow Citizens; 8
[ have stood on the banks of the Father of t
Waters and said Fellow Citizens! I have stood r
mnong the bleak rocks of New England and v
said Fcltow Citifens. p
ANOTHER CHNTENNARY.
And now at. the close of tho first hundred.
1 rad years of the life of tha republic, we may i(
Indulge the hope that having survived the c
perils of its infancy, it may. with renewed |
routh and unimpaired strength, enler upon a ?
new career of honor, usefulness and renown. |
\nd when another hundred years have rolled c
by mav we still be able to adopt the stirring c
words of Milton: "Methinks I see In my y
mind a noble and puissant nation rousing s
icrsclf like a slrong man after sleep, and 0
baking her Invincihle locks; met hi nks I see ^
tier as nn engie mewing ner nugniy juum. ^
md kindling her undnzzled eyes at the full s
raid-day beam, purging and unsealing her
ong abused sight at the fountain itself of j;
heavenly radiance.
m _ r
JURIES WHO CULTIVATE CRIME WILL
NOT CONVICT FOR MURDER. 2
Hp Mill II mm for Mnrdpr when Men p
are Kleclfd to Olllce who Will Not t
Tamper with Whiskey and the v
Jury Uox. fj
Editor Press and Banner: l(
In the absence of news of stirring Interests, >>
ivili you allow in its stead a few lines upon a t
subject touching tlie welfare of every com,11
unity, more especially this one, and for the c
safety of tins young men Just growing up, f<
nay the writer be permitted to present a few e
'acts that may arrest the attention of all par- a
ios interested In the good work. Those lines '
ire suggested by what we may read In nearly c
"very paper, but more recently in tlie Jlcrk- f>
ry (,'ar.ctlc. News and Courier and Abbeville s
I'ress and Jiunncr. e
Mcrdersare becoming too frequent, espe- tl
- lally In Berkeley County. This is too true, ^
ind it can be attributed to the natural out- "
jrowth of evilR to which we have been ex- a
posed, the fruit of seed sown. Some may h
my whiskey! We arc free to admit that it a
s whiskey drinking, but is It only whiskey f{
that is heaping up our troubles upon us? We '
ire now reaping the fruit of seed sown many
( ears ago when our young men were led Into "
:rimeof many kinds, feeling it to bo of pub- I
Ic necessity, and gradually we have become tl
ndlfferenl to the enormity of the crime of e'
murder. In more than one Instance the n
murderer has been lauded publicly for tak- h
ing human lifef and wo have been led on h
uitII step by step crlmc has crept into a
)ur midst, and we regard it an accomplish- tl
lient. We are now brought race to race witn ?
hisgrowing evil. Now the cry Ik: "It must
>e stopped !'' Kvery case of murder Is attrlb- E
ited to whiskey or an old feud. We may h
oolc about us ai. any time and see drunken- tl
less. Some of the most prominent men in l?
niblle life slalk about, supported by a good ci
Samaritan leading him into some secluded P
spot. Others who are held np In the com- C
nunity as leading men, In State and church, a
setting the example to young men) stagger- U
ng about, yet shaping public opinion, who si
inve berome prominent In State affairs by
heir unblushing methods done in whiskey, E
vholeud the youth in their ways by their ex- E
imple. "
With these facts staring us full in the face h
ive are blandly told murder must cease. It ti
an never be as long as these evils continue, h
ff you cultivate and encourage vice, will not
nurder follow ? Can you expect tho parties n
.vlio cultivate every form of vice, to convict It
? >. ?'!/?? o Va cif Ti I it / ncfnmnrv In I CI
some sections under this great Government >
o select such men to put in to fill the offices "
if trust and responsibility. It would be ex- tl
iccting too much of human nature to ask tl
ionvicMon for murder, when they have the Q
irepariug of the jury for assault or petit tl
arceny. You can depend upon full support w
rom officials?these petty offences and lar* tl
;eny seem to be the only offences aealnst tiie h
aw. Many times we have listened with sur- is
jrise to an admiration expressed for the abil- tl
ty of one man to outdrlnk another. Our b
roung men have In more than one Instance ci
yielded to temptation ottered by these unfor- w
unates and are on tlie same road that the *
llder ones have blazed out, for them. Can "
my thing be done to Mop this wholesale sys- o
,em of debauchery? While this state of o
things go on in high life, what are we to ex- e
[ eel of the negro? Reform the party meth- o
ids, and elect men to office who will not lam- n
per with whiskey and Jury boxes, and we ll
R-lll soon be uble to hung for murder, and it Sl
ivlll not stop until that is done, llegin at
nice and start In the right place. How often w
lo we hear: "He will never be bung, or pun- ?
shed, forkillingtliatman! We will fix that." 1
JSOW, .Mr. licilior, you mum mui n?? uv..- srnment
should protect lis citizens. I do t
think if there is not respectiibility enough in P
mr party (the Democratic party) to turn out 'I
ill men from office whotamper with whiskey. 8
tvilncHses and Jurors, we had better find l1
tome oilier parly (notthellepublicnn party.)
Let a better element assert lis power and J1
;top this ballot box fraud, and putting men ii
n office who do not receive the Intelligent n
support In their own party. This is what is <?'
Iragglng us Into disgrace. Iain an advocate ?
or but one party, but if we cannot do better e
ire must. have another parly in the same '
nnks. We cannot afford to recognize the
lU'publicau party. We want two Democratic 11
andidates In every county and Slate. TIiIm lJ
>vill lie our only chance to correct the many 1
vils from which we sutler. P
T. S. GAILLARD. "
m , , a
A gallant form is passing by, ?
The plume bends o'er liis lordly brow; |:
A thousand tongues have raised on high
Ills song of triumph now. ?
Young knees are bending round Ills way, J*
And age makes bare his locks of gray.
Fair forms have lent their gladdest srnlle; i
White hands have waved the conqueror
on, is
And llowers liave decked ills path the while d
I5y gentle lingers strown.
Soft tones have cheered him, and the brow J1
Of beauty beams, uncovered now. 11
The gnllant steed treads proudly on;
His foot falls tirinly now, us when i K
In strife that iron heel went down k
I'non the breasts of men ; r
And t'oroinost in the ranks of strife, ?
Trod out Hie lust dim spark ot 111c. I o
Dream they of these? the glad, tlio gay. P
That bond around tho conqueror's path? ,
The horrors of tho conflictility? v
The gloomy field of death? v
The ghostly slain?the Revered head, r
The raven swooping o'er the dead ? v
Dark thoughts and fearful! yel they bring
No terrors to the triumph hour,
Nor stay the reckless worshiping
Of blinded crime and power;
The fair of form, the mild of mood,
Do honor to the men of blood.
r
Moii?Christians! pause?the air you I
hrcutho id
Is poisoned by your idol now; 11
And will ye turn to him. and wreathe 11;
Your chnplets round Ills brow ? ! c
Nay, e:: 11 his darkest deeds sublime? ! t
And smile assent Ionian! crime? I
[ Chambers' JMtnbwf/ Journal, i v
Training; NcIiooIh for llic I'cnitcit- "
linry.
As an argument against reformatories, it r
is well known that tliey are scarcely more : "
than training schools for the Penitentiary, a
Wl'cn a youth is once sent to a reformatory, 1
bis character is as assnrrcdly, gone as if he c
had been sent to the Penitentiary in tlie llrst
instance. Outsidcof the vicious contact with j
precocious criminals, the mere fact of having e
been an inmate of such an Institution will be t
?o his future usefulness as a citizen, di- v
st'ruclivp alike to his own self respcct and of |
tin' oonllih'nri- of others.?Morion Star. i t
I
HAWTHORNE'S PLAGIARISM.
EXCORIATION OF HAWTHORNE AND VINDICATION
OF BENET.
1 Crushing Criticism riiblishpd In
Hawthorne's Former Homo. Rich- s
inonri, ami Rc|uibll*lie<l in Ills
1'rcNpnl Home, Atlanta?It Wont
do to llnrk on the Printer and
Reporter?The Unfortunate Quotation
Marks.
The following editorial of the Richmond
ttatn wo copy from the Atlanta ConttitutUm.
lev. Dr. Hawthorne was for several years In f
hnrge of a church In Richmond, Vn., before
ic was called to Atlanta. In both cities he ^
las occupied a very high position ?s a preachr
and as a leador In the prohibition movenent;
and he has had the misfortune, It
eems, to be accused of plagiarism before. '
From the Richmond State.
The Rev. .1. H. Hawthorne has no claims
rhiitsoever upon the courtesy of the State;
ml. as this paper has already published the
Ion. VV. C. Benet's complete exposure of Dr.
lit w thorne's glaring plagiarism, it gives t
puce, lor the sake of fair play, as well as for j
be public's better understanding of this quesion,
to Dr. Hawthorne letter In the Dispatch j,
f yesterday. Asls seen, theletter opens with
)r. Hawthorne's characteristic abuse, it is a
ery cheap sort of misrepresentation that *}
peaks of those who have aided in the deteeInn
oiiil ovnnmii'A nf Dr. Tin wI hnrnp'n Ilf#?rn.
y dishonesty lis "paid slanderers in the sorIce
of the doggery keepers." For It Is very
irobable that no man whose hand has helped T
o unmask tills loud declalmer of other men's t,
deas lias ever received or will ever receive for
lis services any compensation save the knowedge
that he has done his duly to a deceived _
iiibllc. But this is not the first time that this "
ntolorant speaker and writer has attributed ::
nercenary motives to those who have honest- .
y differed wilh him as to the means be advo- '
ated for promotlne temperance?temperance ^
irofessedly the object of his speeches and ,
rrltlngs, but leaving so little Impress on his '
poken or written language. That vigorous
pposition to prohibition should be taken as i
iroof that those engaged in It are paid for
heir Help by the liquor dealers Is just as reaoiMible
as to say that those who favor prohilitlon
are the secret agents of the dealers In (;
imeade and soda-water. s
There Is a fact that must bo fully taken in a
nind in the beginning and borne constantly n
n mind In the whole consideration of this f(
uestlou? that not once, but on several differ- i r<
nt occasions, has Dr. Hawthorne been accus- y
d of plagiarism. Whilst other men are not ti
ven susoected he is accused again and again, t]
a It possible that a cruel fate lias selected Dr. v
lawthorne as the particular object of Its jo
,-rath? Is he more than any other man the f<
lecullnr victim of circumstances? In short, s
< It. only accidentia! that the llghtnlngrof ciit- n
?lsm strikes his speeches so often, or Is it the tl
>relgn metal In them that inevitably at- T
rncts the fatal fluid ? a
First Dr. Hawthorne abuses the Atlanta |]
orrespondent of the Dispatch and In his de- n
mse against numerous charges of plagiarism tl
ites a single case in which he was accused n
nd happened?according to the opinion of tl
liose whom he chose jus his Judges?to he de- ?
larcd not guilty. The remalneder of Ills do- tl
;nsels his own unsupported statements?un- n
upported by testimony, unsupported by. ciruinstance.
It need only be said in reply to
liem all that If he be guilty of plagiarism, as
fr. Hcnet has clearly shown he is guilty, it ti
ill not be difficult to determine the value of|h
ny statement he may make In his own be- a
alf. The man who pilfers other men's ideas
nd palms them off us his own will hardly be b
jund exhibiting any delicate scrupulousness P
1 his efforts to escape public condemnation, n
Dr. Hawthorne says that when accused of y
stealing" his speech he referred the matter to a
>r. Strong cimself and Dr. Strong replied by ?
Tanking him for "stealing his words. Gen- P
r linflinm mou !lm If
IUU.1, KJip;iMiis i/i.ui.u..*, ?-v ??.. .. ?
latler relerred? Mr. Benet's exposure wns ii
Is second letter, and if Dr. Hawthorne laid n
Is case before Dr. Strong as soon as lie was a
ccused in Mr. Benet's first letter, then, as b
lere was an Interval of more than two weeks 11
etweon the publication of Mr. Benet's first tl
;tter and the publication of his second letter, H
>r. Hawthorne had 110 opporturlly, even if \
e bad wished it, to Fend to Dr. Strong at that ei
me a copy of the Augusta Chronicle contain- w
ig that second letter with Its startling nnd 11
1 "I /lAlnmne In wlil/th nn. n
I I II V J I J CI I J ? |/C?? ill I Vii WlUll.Ur,, |.? fT..,VM H|.- ?
eared slao by side quotations from "Our u
ountry," as they are written by Strong and w
s tliey were quoted by Hawthorne. If Dr. n
tawthorno had submitted a copy of Beiict's a
scond letter to Dr. Strong, and the author of s|
Our Country" after reading it, had thanked b
?r. Hawthorne for "stealing" his words, then n
tr. Strong would stand out single and alone li
h the only man in the world so generous, ?>
umble, so forgiving as to thank auother for
iking awuy his Ideas, and after garbling his
ingnage. using the ideas as his own. sl
It Is generally accepted that If a man can- J*
ot successfully defend any given point the
tss he says about It the better. It Is signlfl- w
int that, although Dr. Hawthorne claims to "
ave spattered Ills manuscript with quotation '<
larks, he has not yet explained why It was j>
1 n L lie CnilllgL'U LUC wuiuitig ui till; 4UUUIons!
Surely this is a novel practice?using w
uotatlon marks and yet changing the quota- "
ons within them. Toquotofrom an author J:1
Ithout giving him duo credit is the same
ling as borrowing a man's property without f(
is consent; to change the quotation, besides, "
1 the same thing as hiding or trying to alter E
10 appearance of tiie property when it has 'j
een taken. To appropriate and try to con- 11
sal the property of another Is not more
orthy of condemnation when the property
i matciin 1 property than when It is lntellec- ?
ual properly. Then what Is the explanation J.
fthis unwarrantable tampering with an- S|
ther man's written languaue? "Was ltintend- p(
(l unu uic uiiiKuagt; auwuiu .<c n?p.K.,iu .
n and that yet credit should be Riven to the ,,
nthor, whose name was mysteriously with- 0
eld by Dr. Hawthorne for some occult ron- i
;>n that he docs not divulge, but promises to M
ivulgo hereufter? Surely Dr. Hawthorne Hi
ms not- ashamed "to acknowledge his indebt- u
dness" to Dr. Strong because the mention of
>r. Strong's name would detract from the ef- ,1
ictlveness of hts quoted language; and if p
liis be true, was it due to auy imagined un- v
opularity of Dr. Strong? Or was it due to -r
lie desire of Dr. Hawtiiorno to make his ..
peech appear as original at Dr. Strong's ex- ~
ense? Which seems the more probable ? ii
Dr. Hawthorne says that the Chronicle only ?
ublished that part of his speech which wns s.
ii writing, that In this he used quotation r
Turks, and that they appeared In the Chroni- t<
!e't report except "in two nr three trivial inlances."
Let us refer to Mr. Benel's letter of _
xpostu'e, which The State republished from ,!
he Augusta Chronicle on Saturday, August s
Btli. That-any of Dr. Hawthorne's quotation ?
narks were arbitrarily omitted by the com- "
ositors on t he Chronicle Is an excuse at which j
hose familiar with tiie discipline of a com- y
osing room will dubiously shakethelr heads. .1
Go back 011" the printer and the reported is -j.
device that has been worn threadbare by .
mbllc speakers who Imagine that their gre at- 1.
r refutations will give tiieir statements of .
iiose who are less well known and possess ..
?ss Influence; It is a device that for small n
unnlug and petty fear of responsibility for
lie's own words cannot be surpassed, and It n
s quickly recognized and heartily despised L
11 every newspaper ollice. I,
Even granting that Dr. Hawthorne used I,
nine quotation marks in liis manuscript why
id he wish to deprive I>r. Strong of due credt
for ills labor? Hut what is far more impor
ant?what Is far more significant?wny <iin n
ie change the wording of these quotations ? j
**? *? Q
Was ever nn attempt to produce that ells- a
Imllurliy which would bespeak originality a
o weak? Was ever plagiarism more flag- n
ant, more unpardonable, more worthy of the ti
everest condemnation and the most right- e
ous contempt ? If there be any who. In the e
ico of these facts, would still claim that
here was Innocence where guilt is so plain, <>
lien they aro either too blind and sodden
rilli prejudice to be able to tell right from v
ming. <ir, preferring to look upon what Is e
ilse rather than upon what is true, they h
rould vainly seek to whiten this sepulchre. t
l<
u
A <JeiitleniHii and a Scholar." t
- X' h
Align.tin 41 tit... ,
There remains nothing else to be said. 'J'Iip o
oadinjr public will sustain onropinion of the a
Ion. W. C. Henct expressed In the brief lan- 11
latIon above recited. He has indeed proven n
ilmself "a gentleman and a scholar." He e
i:is said all that Is necessary to be stated In s
losing up accounts with the Hev. I)r. Haw- U
home, and he has said It In a manner so
ourteous and parliamentary and withal so s
k-ltherlng, as to leave no doubt of a final set- o
lenient of the question and nlso of the pla- u
Juristic divine. Dr. Hawthorne himself, in u
lie midst of his rambling and raving, has by ?
his time evidently discovered that he has [
tin against a master of the English Innguage o
a< she are spoke," and we verily believe that e
""* ? i" tils soul ho Is sorrv that o
le o'vor tackled "ti man by the name of Uent."
from Scotland. tl
The Kvtrtina JWu*s docs not feel Justified In 'I
itihllshlns Mr. Benct's communication, how- a
IVCF nillCIl we ItlllllllU IIIVC Ul IHJT OUtll ? Jlmn- ||
er piece of lnngungc before its renders. It li
will i>c rend, however, and enjoyed by all our li
leople In the columns of our morning con- U
einpnmry. The b'vrning AVim hn? simply p
>een an Interested observer and a judicial
ommentator of the discussion us It proceed>d,
and lias denims fairly by Dr. Hawthorne
is by Mr. Benct. In proof thut we have no 111
'eciinir against Dr. ITawthorno or that we are
lot paid by the "whisky ring" to attack him,
ve will add that the columns of the Evening
Vtir.i hare always been open to the cause In
vbleh he visited Augusta. In voicing the
erdlct of guilt In the matter of plagiarism,
he only Issue In the present discussion, the
'Staling Newt hns simply echoed theuulverul
popular sentiment. Our previously hljjh
pinion of Dr. Hawthorne has suffered a severe
collapse, but this sentiment is nlso genimlly
shared in by the comionnity. Our
(pinion of Mr. Henet hns, on the otlicr hand,
>een raised with every word he hns written ;
md although the Evening yews has not the
ionorof his personal acquaintance, knowing
llin only In the good will of all our people
md In his extended reputation as a gentlennn
and a Jurist, we doff our cap to him and
veleome him and all foreigners like him to
ree and fair America
IAWTHORNE AGAIN ADDRESSES "ANXIOUS
INQUIRER."
Irtish Words of Denunciation From
the Pulpit?The Divine Preaching
to Ills Peo3?Ie?The Literary Sensation
A^nin.
Augusta Chronicle. I
Atlanta, Oa., f-'ept. 1J.?Dr. Hawthorne '
reached ? remarkable sermon to-day, with 1
tevelatlnns 2:10 as his text?"Be ye faithful
ntodeath and I will give thee a crown ot ,
Ifo." Tho sermon began as follows:
These words arc not my own. They are
noted. They are taken from the Rlble. They
ppearlnthe last book of the Rlble. That
oo!c Ik called the Revelations. The words ocur
In the second chapter and tenth verse,
'hey ore God's words. They are t he words of
ur risen, ascended and adorable Saviour,
'hey were communicated to the world
I trough the Apostle John, during his exile i
n I'atmos. I
This minuteness of statement is required to l
reveut my nnnonymous slanderers from !
hnrgtng me with plagiarism. I know not I
/hat use other ministers would make of the |
sxt. I know not what, learned commentators i
ay about it. I have not consulted one of
Hem. My crmcs win nenceiorin noiu me 10
he standard of the originality which will reulre
me to eliminate from my brain everyhing
I have ever learned, and begin where
)escnrtcs began to build up his phylosophy. i
CHRISTIAN FIDELITY. 1
He then spoke for thirty minutes upon '
Ihristian fidelity. Upon the topic of back- j
iiding ho said the most frequent cause of
postacy Is fear of suffering. Suffering Is .
ever so appalling as when it comes In the ,
arm of persecution. It will try the very !
jundution of any man's character to be ad- ,
ised by some secret underground dark lanprn
combination of unprincipled whiskey
rlnkiner, degraded human wretches, that his
rife or daughter will be insulted, or that his .
wn life will be taken if he attempts the de- ,
?nt of their lniquitlous and infamous
chemes. It requires nothing less than a
lartyr'sgrlt to stand fast when a man knows
hat a powerful institution like the IJquor
>ea!ers' association lias In Its service a thous- ]
nd secret agents whose business Is to destroy
Is good name. No common faith and comion
courage will sustain him when he knows
lint hundreds of newspapers in the land are
ingniflcacently paid to lend their support to j
lie Infernal plot. These nre some of the trials i
rhlch nre now testing the fidelity of Chris
Ian tncti in this so-called "land of the free
nd liome of the brave."
NOT ON TRIAL.
I am not on trial by the people of this eoun- !
ry, and therefore have no defencn to make. I
ave lived for more than half a century
inong them; they have my record.
I was here, boating burdens and fighting
altles for my country, long before the imorted
hireling who has attempted to injure ,
le had put bis foot on American soil. I have ,
et to find a respectable man wbo thinks that
ny defence is needed. It Is my adversaries
ho nre on trial?the liquor ring and their ,
-i.i ii .1 ?r ...111 1^1 ti,? f
UIU llitlo H1IU IWOnOPllin, 1 (Tilt !l*U blic nunu (
now what manner of men they are by glv
lg a brief recital of their recent treatment of
ie. There are hundreds of men In Atlanta
nd elsewhere who have voted against prohl- Itlon
with pure and manly motive*. These ien
have my respect, confidence and admlrion.
Such men are not 111 sympathy with
quor rings and their villainous methods,
[any of them have expressed to me t he deep- <
st contempt and loathing of the creatures i
ho are attempting to defeat prohibition bilking
annonymous newspaper assaults up11
me?by fraud, lying; bribery and secret
ssassinatlon. I respect all newspaper mcD
ho have opposed prohibition by honest
u-thods. I give them credit for unpurchased '
nd unpurchasable man hood. Hut hired con- i
nirators who are using their vile sheets to
esmlrch the reputation of pure and brave
len, I execrate with Indignation as holy as
[eaven. 1
i
HIS TRIP TO AUGUSTA.
Ho then reviewed bis trip to Augusta, Ills
peech, its publication, etc., tlie quotation <
larks, the defencealrcady set up In his reply, j
Anxious Inquirer,"alias "W. C. Henet," asks
'hy I used other material in the book wlthut
putting In quotation irarks. How could
, with any degree of propriety, use quotation 5
mrks when not. using the exact language of 1
le author? When I put the substance of
hole pages In a few sentences there was no
arrant in koown law for tits use of quota- '
on marks. The manner In which I used a 1
!W facts borrowed from "Our Country" lias
?celved unqualified indorsement of the best,
ternry men of the land, and especially of 1
ir. Strong, the author ot the book. Their 1
istlmony will be given to the public in due
me.
TIIK I'AKAM.F.L COLUMN. ^
Now let the world understand how this
nonymous assnssin, "Anxious Inquirer."
Has \V. C. Henet, proceeded to convict mc of!
tealing. He arranges the "deadly parallel IJ
nlumn." tlie awful "deadly parallel column." j
'es, it will prove to be the deadliest column
f the age. Hut deadly only to "Anxious Inuirer"nnd
his fellow conspirators. It will
unsign litem to a fata In comparison with !
rblch the destruction of the rtiiy.Ieru8.nlem
Inners, upon whom the tower of Silojni fell,
nworthy of mention.
Verily, history repeats it?elf. What repro- 1
uction we are about to witness of the Old i *
tlble scene of Human dandling from the 1
cry gallows ho hail erected for Morilecnl! r
'hat 'deadly parallel column !" Let us look '
t it. Here Is a lonp straight line, oil one side 1
f which "Anxious Inquirer," alms "W. C. I'
tenet," has written what "Hawthorne" says, i'
ml on thp other side what "Dr. Strong'' 1
ays. II appears that "Hiuvilifime" has used '
>r. Strong s words without glvlntr credit for .
hem. But why does it have that appear- '
nee? What Is the question to which I am
esolved to tiold the cowardly man who now
ries to escape from public reprobation by
ayliiB that he will have nothing more to do
rith the matter? Why does that "deadly
arallel column" make it appear that I used |
)r. Strong's book without giving: due credit?
V'hy ? Why? For the simple reason that he
id not nut into it my quotation marks,
'hat is his trick, and n baser one was never
orn of human breath. Tills "deadly paralil
column" is an unmitigated libel which
enders him liable prosecution. Hut "Anx-i
)us Inquirer"' is only one man of an infant-1
us conspiracy. A South C.irolina friend t
rrllcs me that Henet has opposed every teni-1
crancc measure that has been before the
eople of that State since he entered it. That
ict is a sufficient explanation of his dastardf
assault upon me.
UNNAMED CREATURE.
Hut who is the unnamed creature who wrote
oni this city to the Richmond Dixpalch, that
had stolen tho literary treasures ot Dr.
luthrie, Dr. I'airourn, Jo>cpn ? u?k ?uu i
am Jones? In what dirty den is lie hid I
way? Who are the miscreants that write
ic anonymous letters, threatening violence
a me and insult to my family? I have unovered
"Anxious Inquirer" alias \V. C. Kent,
and friend* In Nelson and Albermarle
ounties In Virginia arc helping 111c to unveil t
lie of his accomplices in Atlanta. I
brethren, neighbors, friends and (Jeoraians. ?
hat Is thf crime for which I am thus hound- j I
d from day to day ? It Is simply that I anijj
ou?si and time to say what I believe. It is I
hat I have devoted the host years of my life '
a an honest endeavor to emancipate individ- 1
nls and communities from the direct curse '
hat has ever afllictcd the race of num. If I I
ad not announced my purpose to return to 1
lUHUSia lo renew my uiscusmwii hi iiivuimui;.i i
f t he doggery keepers, my South Carolina H
ssailant would never hnve pernet rated his 1
talicious and dastardly trick. I' there were! 1
0 scheme on foot to bring back the docaery
urso upon Atlanta, the spaniels that, now
nap at me in the dark would keep to their
ennels and be silent.
They hope to destroy prohibition by de- 1
troy lug inc. Let mc assure you that none
f tiiese things shall move inc. "Faithful I
nto diath" is tlie inolto I have Inscribed ?
pon my banner. If for one moment 1 t
hould swerve from the straight pat h of duty s
should be unworthy of your confidence and t
f the congratulations and benedictions that i
ome to me from cvtiy quarter of our great I
oun try. 1
1 believe that our success is as certnln ns t
lie promises of a faithful God can make it. i
'lie virtue-loving and Christ-serving men <
* iiiis eitv arc ready to record I
t, if need be, Willi their hearts' blood, that
hey will never livo again under the despot5111
of intldHs, ruin-sellers, liarlots and whiscy
blouts. The enthusiasm of the last camalsjn
wa? lee-coldness in comparison with
the fervor of the one upon which they are
ubout to enter. God-lnsplred and God-empowered,
they will win a victory that will
make the hills and valleys break forth Into
singing und all the sons of God shoot for Joy.
DR. HAWTHORNE ENDORSED BY HIS CONGREGATION.
At the conclusion of the services the church
adopted the following resolutions:
Rcaoleed, That In view of the late unwarranted
rttnek made upon our pastor. Rev. J.
?. Hawthorne, D. D., this church and congregation
feel it their duty and they take pleasure
In expressing their unqualified reprehension
of the nssault made on his fair same by
certain anonymous writers and newspaper V
correspondents.
Resolve/!, That, in the opinion charch and
congregation. Dr. Hawthorne has completely
and triumphantly repelled the charge of
plagiarism made against him by the person
signing himself "Anxious Inquirer." and at
the 8iime tlino we do most heartily commend
ind approve the mnnly course taken by him '
in remung tnis groundless and cruel attack. .
Rtaolved. That In the opinion of this church . ;
and congregatIon, the assault made on Dr.
Hawthorne was promoted and has been carried
on by persons and newspapers unfriendly
to the cause of prohibition, and on account
of the bold stand taken by him in this great J[3!
reform movement. ~ 3S3B
Resolved. That wo recognize In Dr. Hawthorne
a learned, eloquent, fearless and faithful
minister of God, who for twenly-nlne
years has proclaimed the Gospel in lts>parityf
ind whose reputation Is not stained by a
-Ingle act unbecoming a Christian and a gentleman.
- r \<&?3
?
WHAT MR. BENET 8AY8 D* REFERENCE
TO THE ABOVE.
? ?
He Will Xot Make Farther Reolv tm
Dr. Hawthorne.
A Chronicle representative called on Mr.
Benot late last night and showed him tbe tel>
[.'graphic account of Dr. Hawthorne's sermon
In Atlanta yesterday, published elsewhere In
this Issue. Mr. Benet read It and expressed
Ills regret that Dr. Hawthorne should have
been so far left to himself "as to desecrate the
pulpit to purposes so unworthy ot a inan of
Glod." Mr. Benet said, however, that he was
not surprised at Dr. Hawthorne's course after
having read the Interview published In tbe
Atlanta Constitution of Friday. Mr. Benet referred
to this paragraph, which appeared In
that Interview: "Benet not only garbled the
extracts, but ho designedly rubbed off the
credit marks which I was so particular to
place over them." In regard to which Mr. .*
Benet said: "This Is utterly untrue. I am
~ Ka 4t.l. rvrf" nMW _
Muiy u? wc u;iiiprncu w ivijr luio ui nuj uiiu"
Ister. Tlie extracts as published were given
verbatim and every q uotation mark which op- / \ii
poured In the printed speech In th* Chronicle .
was inserted In my letter. And I have no
loubt that the Chronicle printed every quotation
contained In the reverend gentlemen's
manuscript.
'It would seem that Br. Hawthorne did not,
in his early youth, learn the lesson taught by
Lhe homely hymn of Dr. Watts?
For he who does one fault at first
And lies to hide It, makes It two."
"Mr. Benet, Dr. Hawthorne, In bis sermon.
In substance, says he hns been advised that
you have fought prohibition In Carolina e?er
since you have been a citizen of that State.
How about that?"
"It Is untrue?like all his other assertions
about mp. I have never taken part either for
State."
"Will you make further reply to Dr. Hawthorne?"
"Of course not. I will not lower myself to . ^
the level of puch a man. I con safely and
with confidence leave my case with the publie
and the press." v
While We May. 'M
rhe hands are such dear hands; > v. $
I'hey are so full; they turn at our demaads
.So often; they reach out.
With trifles scarcely thought about, -VSs
So many times; they do
So many things for me, for you? ' ( * 5(i
If their fonil wills mistake,
We may well bend, not break.
rhey are such lond, frail Hps - - "iS
Phut snonli ?n iik Pmv IT lnvo Htrlna
Tbcm of discretion many times,
Or If they spenk too slow, or quick, such
crimes . . id
We may pass by; for wc may see
Days riot far off when those small words may
be
Held not as slow, or quick, or out of place, fc
but dear,
Because tbe lips are no more here.
nicy are such dear familiar feet that go ?
A.long the path with ours?feet fast orslow.
And trying to keep pace?if they mistake
Or trend upon some flower that we would
take
[Tpon our breast, or bruise some reed,
I?r crush poor Hope until it bleed,
We niav be mute,
AnUl.i.. ' J
?>Ul | III III ItK quitivij lA* lllipilLC
'iravc fault; foriliey and we
Slave such a little way to go?ran be ?
Together such a little while along the way,
Ve will be patient whIU we may.
*o many little faults we And.
We see them; for not blit.d
Is love. We see them; but If you and I
Perhaps remember them 6ome by and by,
I'hey will not be
Faults then?crave faults?to you and mc,
Hut Just odd ways?mistakes, or even lewRemembrances
to bless.
Doys change so many things?yes, bourn,
tVesee so differently In suns and shower?.
Mistaken words to-night
May be so cherished by to-morrow's light.
IVc may be patien t; for we know
niere's such a little way to go.
I Philadelphia Public Ledger.
tutlnim In Ito.nnpii the UfellkfT
Trttde.
W'Urree Messenger. ,
It is stated that a movement Is brewing
iniong the advocates of free whiskey In Atanta,
In opposition to the Iron rule of prohibition,
which prevails In that dry city. They
ire arolns to make a great effort It la said to
tliakc off the restraint which han been for
:niue time lately imposed upon their nefa
ious traffic. They have organized an associitlon
with tho mysterious Initials, M. A. B., "X
m<l are being urged on and supported by tho
whiskey men of other largecltlen. They have
>ne hundred thousand dollars subscribed to
,he enterprise and have the endorsement of
10 less august personage than that upoatleof
lianimon, Senator Joe Brown.
It in said Hint prohibition doPR not prohibit.
"itit If this be so. It Is strange that such furl*
his efforts should be made to get rid of it. If
t be not u serious weight upon the business of
lebauchery, there would hardly be such
qulrmlng to escape It. The sale of liquor In
n large a town as Atlanta must be very lucm>
Ive. Hence the hankering for the fat pas " "O
??wl hnnnn fho HnQn^rotA offrtrf. In hflCA
lie cause of unlimited whiskey upon principles
of political freedom.
Those who would re-open the bur rooms In
Ulan la, shut after such a splendid struggle,
vould rut the stltohes that tied the artery of
;otne bleeding victim. Tf all the ills could l>e . chut
nuain In Pandora's box, they would agala
men it and let them ont.
The merits of prohibition have been discussal
so often, with such wonderful zeal and
loint.v, mill nil are acquainted wun ineurjju- .
nentH in Its favor, and the subject ha* become
ilmost hackneyed. Those who broach It are '
on?idered as stale ranters, eager to reform
hose vices lo which they have no Inclination.
iut when shrewd, practical people like those
>f .Maine. Iowa and Georgia, not only advo ate
it, but have ever enforced It, who can say ?
hat it is not feasible, or that it may not yet
ceoniea burning question in our own State?
Save the Hay.
Anderson Journal. -;J
I lie seasons have been so favorable to tbe
trow ill of crass tliut tliis crop whorever alowod
to prow Is excellent, and Jf our farm rs
will convert this grass into hay they will
Ind their labor in so doing well rewarded.
\n abnndanee of rough forage for live stock
. I) rough the winter and-spring monthu is u
.er.v great help to the farmer. No doubt the
Aunt of suflicieney of hay In the spring ac:ounts
for tbe poor condition of ranch of the
arm stock In the sprint season. Henco.
ivhcro grass is abundant with a few days of
Illr W.'HIlt'r. II1C mnm-lo wh1 ictuii; nu|i|uj
Ins want, Tlierclsnot a sufficiency of fouler
produced for the stock, and tliere is no
H'fd fur it to be supplemented with Western
tay, nnd when abundance of liay can be
untie here.
? mm x..
Ou the subject of monuments, the Nov?
fork Journal of Commerce snys :
"1'liieo on ono side of the canvas a mausoenui
us elegant as art can design and ?n the
>ther a public park in which thouwindn may
ind a perpetual delight, and ask of any
cnsible man which he would prefer to leave
ifter him as a monument to his memory. A
nuseum of art, a fountain of learuln?, a
iome for waifs and foundlings, a place where
vior boys and girls may acquire a useful
mi uvv111m for nnv of earth's unfori
tin ales stradcd oil the voyage of life, or Hny
>ne of a hundred kindred charities endowed
5r>r liis sake and inscribed to the memory of
)iie 1 ho world delight* to honor, would bo a
iir nobler tribute than the moot lii&nsivo '
structure in bronze or granite bearing Ma
nunc and deeds and only serving to point
villi uplilled riiijrer to a useful or heroic life,"
1