The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, July 06, 1887, Image 7
AN UNKNOWN LAND, j
THE UNEXPLORED INTERIOR
OF PATAGONIA.
I
Dress and Characteristics of the Inhabitants?The
Lowest Type
of Humanity?Rich
Gold Fields.
Stem, wild and inhospitable are the
shores of Patagonia and the adjacent island
of Tierra del Fuego, writes a cor *
. b._ ? ; ni ;
respondent 01 ine :>an r rancisuu \jMunich.
There have been few explorers who
have penetrated into their unknown interiors,
and the general knowledge of
these countries is necessarily confined and
of no reliable value. In the middle of
summer the climate is cold, the winds
bitterly cold, and snow squalls frequent,
so that the dark and long winters can be
more easily imagined than described.
In these inhospitable regions wander
nomadic tribes, which manage to subsist
on goat flesh and fish, bread being next
to unknown, and vegetation being of the j
scantiest. There is a general impression
that the Patagouian is a giant. I never j
saw one over five feet ten inches in
height, ana most ot tnem were mucn
shorter, and on the average stunted. The
females have a muscular development
equal to the males, and it is sometimes
difficult to distinguish between the sexes,
owing to the masculine appearance of the
gentler sex, the women in most cases
Bporting an incipient mustache and beard,
which on the male never grows very
luxuriantly.
Both sexes dress alike. Bleak and
cold as the climate is at the best of times,
the usual dress consists of the skin ol
some wild animal loosely wrapped around
the body. Little children can be seen
running naked over the snow, their welloiled
brown skin apparently impervious
to the biting winds.
As the Patagonian tribes are nomadic,
their temporary dwellings consist of the
branches of trees interwoven so as to form
a? basket-work defense against tb{ |
weather. Skins, o:d sails and b anketi I
also give a shelter which seems to con- j
teat the tenants, who are notoriously in- j
ciiUt-rent to tne connorts or uiscoin:ori-> ;
of home. Fish, of coursc, forms tho
6taple food, and it is thought that few j
inhabitants are in the interior, most liv- i
ing near the sea for the sake of its food j
and the wreckage which occasionally j
strews the coast.
Many Horn-bound vessels which have I
never been heard of have doubtless beeD :
lost on the Patagonian and Fuegian j
coasts, and nearly every native has some \
trophy cast up by the sea on their iron
shores. There is a story of a crew having
succeeded in getting ashore from a
stranded vessel and being murdered by
the savages, with the exception of the
Captain's wife, who is said to be still
alive in the interior, dragging out a mis- j
erable existence as the wife of some 1
dusky chief.
Steamers passing through the Straits of
Magellan are olten met by the canoes of j
Indians (the women paddling), who j
eagerly look for ship's bread or any other j
article thrown them. I noticed one set j
of Indians had a handsome ship's boat,
said to have belonged to some foundered
vessel.
The Patagonians are just one step removed
from cannibals, but their neighbors,
the Fuegians, are said to enjoy hu
man flesh, and indulge in dreadful orgies
over any prisoners or shipwrecked sailors
who fall into their hands. The Tierra del
Fuegians represent the lowest type of
humanity found on the globe. They have
no deity, no moral code, not one custom
or habit which can be called intelligent.
Of large stature, some imposingly so,
they are perfectly brutish in their instincts,
without any redeeming attributes
which belong to the brute creation.
On this terrible mass of barbarism the
Church of England Missionary Society
has tried to make some impression. The
missionary, Mr. Bridge, has devoted his
whole life to try and organize some kind
of order among them. They have been
taught to grow cereals and build houses,
and two of the natives were taken to London,
but the good work only extends for
a short distance beyond the Mission settlement.
Tiorra dpi frnm Mnrrfillnn tn
Cape Horn, is a sea of mountains. Wild
animals arc rare and the only birds are the
albatross, the sea gull and the Cape
pigeon. Half the missing vessels reported
which have to go round the Horn
are supposed to be lost on this barren
island and nobody ever lives to tell the
tale.
Crossing over to Patagonia, we have
Punta Arenas, more generally known as
Sandy point, a Chilean penal settlement
and coaling station. Among the milder
tempered and more intelligent Patagonians
life in this little town, though lonely,
is not without its attractions. The main
street boasts of some substantial houses,
there is a tort, Governor's residence, convict
barracks and a respectable customhouse
and jetty. The inhabitants (about
500) are a mixed population of Scotch,
Chilean, English and natives. Most of
the English-speaking part of the settlement
represent different houses in the j
fur trade. The Governor is polite and
hospitable and is always anxious to amuse
the casual visitor to the best of his ability.
A collection of rare skins, feathers
and ostrich eggs meets the eye in every
house.
The convict establishment is well conducted,
and the prisonets have a great
<1pnl nf lihfirfcv. cvftrv nntinniilitv
under the sun is represented, most of the
foreigners undergoing their sentences for
embezzlement and fraud. The Chileans
punish the above offenses very severely,
a ten-year sentence being cousidered
light. The evenings are passed in singing
and dancing u> the music of the
ubiquitous guitar.
Near the town are coal mines, which
produce a tolerably good fuel, but all
minerals in this large country are waiting
for capital and" hardy workers who
can defy hardship and brave dangers.
Patagonia is essentially a mineral country.
On the eastern coast the Argentine Republic
encourages miners with' liberal
concessions and xaluable privileges, the
result being the extraction of gold in
considerable quantities by rude mcuns
and primitive methods. In this country
there is virgin soil to work on, and in
- this respect it should offer better inducements
than the abandoned mines of Peru
and Bolivia, in which countries every
native is it miner by instinct and experi- |
ence.
A Sepoy Kills Eleven 3Ien.
A terrible story from Kurrachee illustrates
the dangers to which a man who
"runs amuck'' exposes his neighbors. A
Sepoy with forty rounds of ammunition
broke loose among his comrades at one
o'clock in the morning. He shot two
fellow Sepoys, four shopkeepers who
were lying asleep outside their shops, and
five cartmen. The regiment turned out I
in pursuit of him, and he took refuge in
a stone enclosure. After firing many
rounds at his pursuers, he finally shot
himself through the heart. All his victims
died.?St. Jama's Gazette.
J.' r ?
| FACTS FOR THE CURIOUS.
I The King of the Tonga Islands dresses
in well made European clothes.
Confucius, the founder of the religions
deism in China, was contemporary with
i Pythagoras, and died at the age of
i seventy-two years.
I "Mugwump" is found in the Atlantic
Monthly for May, 18C7, where it occurs
in a story, "The Plaintiff Nonsuited."
The sense there is "chieftain."
The literary education of women began
to prevail in England in the early part of
the seventeenth century. In 1620 neither
of Shakespeare's daughters could write,
A Privateer is a vessel belonging to a
private owner, but sailing under a commission
from a responsible government,
with authority to wage war against powers
specified in the commission.
A petrified strawberry was recently
found near Americus, Ga., which was
"gathered" by one who had watched it
during all the stage." of petrifaction, and
had it converted into a breastpin.
The Apollo Bclvidere, the masterpiece
of sculpture, was found in a temple at
Antium, and for over 300 years has stood
in the Belvidere of the Vatican. The
Apollo Muiagetes was found at Tivoli,
in 1774.
"Reinaert de Vos," or "Reynard the
Fox," a satirical poem, written about
1250 by William Van Utenhoven, a
priest of Aerdenburg, was for centuries
the most popular work ever written. Ij
was translated into many languages.
An explorer of prehistoric mounds in
| Ohio has found carefully wrought hatchets
of soft coal associated with human skeletons
and bronzed ornaments. From the
character of the material it is evident
that these were meant to simulate axes
of tlint, and were of no use excepting in
burials.
The origin of the term windfall, is said
to be the following: Some of the nobility
of England, by the tenure of their estates,
were forbidden to fell any of tfce
trees upon them, the timber being reserved
for the use of the royal navy.
Such trees as fell without being cut. lelonged
to the occupant, and tornadoes,
therefore, were welcome events, the windfalls
in large forests being sometimes of
great value.
An odd practice prevails in regard to
mourning for deceased relatives in Corea.
Any one who has suffered such a loss goes
about for a year wearing a kind of pointed
basket on the head, which completely
hides his face, and no one is permitted
to address or speak to him. It was by
aaopung xne mourner s Donnei as a uisguise
that the early Jesuit missionaries
succeeded in entering the country and
making their way about unquestioned by
anybody.
Lemon Culture in Florida.
The lemon grove is started much the
same as the orange grove, but budded
trees should always be used, as the fruit
of seedlings is generally worthless. High
pine land is best adapted to the growth
of lemon trees, the higher and dryer the
better; low lands and hummocks will
never give satisfactory results. The lemon
is not as hardy as the orange, and consequently
cannot be grown with profit as
far north, unless well protected by bodies
of water, or surrounding forests, and on
high land.
The trees may be planted somewhat
closer together than the orange, as the
fruit is mostly borne on the inside
branches, while orange trees bear more
hrnvilv on the outer limbs. From twentv
to twenty-five feet apart is the usual distance.
Clean culture and the best commercial
fertilizers apply equally as well i
to the lemon as to the oraDge grove, and
the trees will thrive with a less amount j
of fertilizer. Lemon trees should never |
be pruned, except to remove dead
branches, and possibly a few of the lower
limbs that interfere with cultivation.
Lemons should never be picked for
shipment when fully ripe, but &ould be
gathered just as they are turning yellow,
and placed on drying shelves in the same
manner as oranges, and left for several
weeks until thoroughly cured. They are
then assorted and graded, wrapped in
manila paper, firmly packed in boxes,
and are ready for shipment.?American
Agriculturist.
Tales of Toddlers.
A little New Yorker, four years old, I
walking in the country last summer, I
complaincd to her mother of a very rocky j
road. "Mamma, I don't like this walk;:
it's too stuttery."
The same little girl, at the dinner-table j
one day, asked to taste apiece of pickle, I
and when she had eaten it made a
wry face and said: "I don't like it;
it dazzles my tongue."
Our small boy of two years, returning
from a visit to his grandmother,as^oished
his mamma by a loud outcry when she
left him as usual to go to sleep alone.
Going back to him in some alarm she was
met by the reassuring explanation: "If
I can only scream loud enough, grandma'll
rock me.-'
The other day?he is now three years
old?he was much edified by a pair of
twins who called upon him. That evening,
on his expressing a wish to say his
prayers, he was taught the Lord's Prayer.
"IsGod a man?"'he began in his usual
remorseless style of interrogation. "No,"
was the answer. "But it my* 'a man,'"
he persisted. "Amen" was the gentle
correction, which elicited the startling
"1 * .9?'
query: n uy, mamma, is uuu iwiiw
?Babyhood.
A Valuable Cherry Tree.
John Capura, of this town, owns one
of the finest cherry trees in all California.
It is now eighteen years old, stands nearly
sixty feet in height, and measures four,
inche? less than six feet in circumferencc.
It is of the white oxliea'rt variety, and
last year bore by actual weight 2,225
pounds. This year Capura estimates that 1
it will produce not less than 070 pounds
more than last year, or over 2,890 pounds,
lie peddles the cherries through the country,
and they average him eight cents a
pound. Last year this one tree brought
him a little over SITS. He owns only six
acres of ground, and of course takes
splendid care of the trees. He has 120
of the oxheart trees and about thirty-five
oi inc uuk'k lananan, oesmcs peucnes,
plums, nectarines and seventy-five young
orange trees on his place.?OroviUe ( CoJ.)
Register.
Above the Atmosphere.
If it were possible to rise above the
atmosphere which surrounds the earth,
we should see notning dui an intense
and sharply defined ball of lire, while
everything else would ba wrapped iu
total" darkness. There could be no difference
of li^ht without an atmosphere
or sonic similar medium for it to act
upon; but if the air around us extended
to a height of 700 miles, the rays of the
sun could not penetrate it, and we should
be left in darkness. At the depth of
700 feet in the ocean the light ceases altogether,
one-half of the light being absorbed
in passing through seven feet of
the purest water.
, IN HAVANA.
i A TRAVELER SEES STRANGE
AND INTERESTING SIGHTS.
i
I A Bull Fight Which Disgusted Rim
?The Antipathy of the Cubans
and Spaniards ? The Assassin's
Poinard.
I A correspondent of the Indianapolis
i Journal says in a letter from Havana: On
I landing you are greeted by the Customj
house officials, who wish to see your passj
ports, to examine your luggage, etc. The
j ladies of the party objected" to having
! their trunks opened and the contents ex|
posed to the vulgar gaze of these pompous
! individuals. It was the custom, however,
j and no amount of persuasion would cause
them to desist. After the law had been
satisfied the party took carriages for the
j hotel. I came to see, and I concluded by
( walking I could see better. At every
; turn I was beset by mendicants; to the
, first few I gave the small change I had; it
! was not long before I had a small army at
| my heels. To escape them I called a cab
and was soon at the hotel. This being a
fete week, there were all kinds of amuse;
ments. The next day there was a bull
i fight; I concluded I would go. In com|
pany with several Spanish students I
! started early, so as to get a good view of
' this brutal sport, and found I had started
1 none too soon, as the amphitheater was
j fast filling up. The bands, of which
: there were several, placed the national
airs. At a given signal the bullfighters
inarched in?six iu all. The horses were
the next to come, led by assistants. The
j leader of the bullfighters was a small,
pale man, in perfect form, with rather a
feminine cast of feature.
, He was the prime favorite of the ladies,
! and as he marched around the forum the
ladies threw their lace handkerchiefs,
pocket-books and their gayly colored
scarfs to him, which he accepted with a
low bow and by making the Spanish
signs as seen so often in New Orleans
when giving a'ms to the poor. This man
is a professional fighter from Madrid. He
is known as Signor Mastai Ferretti, and
comes with royal favor. After the first
bull was killed I came away disgusted
: with the brutal sport, and must say, to
the credit of the few Americans present,
they, with one accord, followed.
Havana has some elegant buildings in
it?notably the government buildings and
k..:U
uuLuia, uuiit oi\/lie* x lie pia^a ui puuiiu
square is at most a very commonplace affair,
and not at all as inviting as any of
our parks in Indianapolis. The population
is about 320,000, of which 25,000 is
floating. It is made up of every known
race under the sun, but mainly Chinese
j and Hindoo coolies, negroes, Creoles and
j Spaniards by birth.
The Cuban Spaniards are the moneyed
1 men. They control everything. The
Cuban's cry is Cuba for us; down with
the Spaniards I Those born in Spain are
j sent to this island to keep the Cubans
: poorer and the Madrid government
1 richer. There is scarcely a night passes
but some Spaniard is sent to his long
: home by the assassin's poniard. This is
a small knife, the blade about six inches
' long, and has both edges as keen as a
razor. Everybody carries them, even the
ladies. As a rule, the men carry them in
j the back of the neck, the ladies in their
dress, where they can be seen with the
' butt peeping out. The natural hatred
that exists between the Creoles and the
bpaniards will again lead to war. This
time the creole will be aided by the negro
slaves. All that is wanting now is a
Walker or a Lopez. Havana is the gateway
for the products of the island, America
being the largest consumer. The
amount of tobacco and sugar raised on
this island is simply enormous, and the
revenue must be very large. It finds its
way to Madrid. The slaves or pure
negroes do the hard ficldwork, and do it
well, although they have cruel and brutal
taskmasters. In some districts the slaves
are treated more humanely.
The Island of Cuba is some 750 miles
long and about fifty in width, and is
mountainous at the south end, where the
Sierra Maestra rises to an elevation of
8,000 feet. The western or Havana districts
are the best and wealthiest parts
of the Island. It is here the finest and
| best sugar and tobacco are raised, which
find a ready market in New Orleans and
New York. Nearly eighty-five per cent,
i of the sucar raised here <?oes to America:
o CP
1 the balance to England. Cuba imports
hardware, salt, fish, furniture, flour,
manufactured goods and machinery, etc.
I saw in a sugar refinery a Corliss engine
made in Indianapolis, and when I saw it
I felt homesick. It was only momentary,
' though. The ladies of Havana are very
beautiful. Their olive complexion is set
off to good advantage by the use of their
mantillas folded across the shoulder in
a way that makes them bewitching. If
it were not for their ungovernable tempers
they would be still handsomer. The
weather here is very warm. At night
there is a cool breeze that comes from the
bay, und with it comes the old fashioned
Miss'ssipni "gallinipper." Three or
four of them sucking you at once is not
the be<t feeling in the world, and to
know there are several cases of yellow
I jack iu the city makes one feel as if he
was near the jumping-off place. My advice
to snowdiggers is to keep away from
Cuba, except from November to March.
! After that time it is not pleasant, unless
you can accustom yourself to the intense
heat and the earthquakes. This is the
home of earthquakes, and. every well
regulated family has one and some to
spare for visitors.
New Cure for Consumption.
Consfdcrable sensation has been created
in medical circles in Vienna by the discovery
of a supposed cure for consumption
and other tubercular affections of
the lungs or other parts of the body. The
discoverer is Dr. lvol><chOT, a young operator
in the clinical department of Prof.
Albert. Dr. Kolischer, starting on the
assumption that tuberculosis occasionally
heals naturally, owing to the tubercules
becoming calcined, hit upon the idea of
causing artificial calcinization by means
of hypodermic injections of a compound
described as "calcium pliosphoricmn"
j into the limbs of persons affected with
I local tuberculosis. lie made a number of
J experiments with a view of testing his
] discovery, and in every case the experi]
ment turned out successful. At the
I last meeting of the Vienna Society of
| Physicians Dr. IvolUeher r;-ad a p-iperon
the result of his experiments, and introI
duced to the meeting sev? ral persons who
j had been cured by this method, lie is
I about to carry his experiment further by
i mnVinirsimilnrexncrirncnts iinon ncrsons
suffering from tcrbuculosis of the lungs.
? London Chronicle.
What She Said.
Young man (to messenger boy)?
"What aid the young lady say whea you
gave her the flowers?"
Mes cngcr Boy?"She asked the young
feller who was sittin' on the porch with
her if he didn't want some for a buttonbole
bouquet."?Neic York* Sun.
HOUSEHOLD MATTERS.
Care of Linen.
Once a year, even the most frugal
housewife should replenish her linen
closet, and add to her store at least the
furnishing of one bed and a dozen towels.
Inthiswaythe stock is not allowed
rnn nnf
Old sheets may be cut up into crib !
sheets, and the soft linen rags laid away
for use in case of illness.
A sense of satisfaction accompanies
the putting to rights of the linen closet,
and, even when an old chest has to serve
as a receptacle for house linen, the retilling
and repacking of chest or box is
work that should be done.
Rhubarb?How to Prepare It,
Cut the stems into pieces an inch in
length, after scraping off any of the
outer skin that is the least tough. Allow
a half pound of white sugar to a pound
of the rhubarb, and, adding a half pint
of water, put them all together over the
lire, in a small, porcelain-lined kettle,
and let them stew until tender. A flavoring
of lemon rind and juice, is a
great improvement to rhubarb, and renders
it almost equal to green gooseberries
stewed. In order to preserve the
^reen color, keep the lid of the kettle on
uurinjj stewing.
Rhubarb Tart: Cut the stalks iu
lengths of two inches, and take off the
thin skin. If you have a hot hearth lay
them in a dish, and cover with a ($iin
syrnp of sugar and water, made in the
proportion of a half pound of sugar to a
half pint of water; cover the dish closely,
and let it simmer very slowly an hour; a
block-tin sauce-pan may also be used for
the purpose. Having prepared some nice
puff-paste fill some patty-pans with it,
bake, and when cool, place on china
dishes, and fill with the stewed rhubarb.
Do not forget to stew with the rhubarb
some shredded lemnn peel, and add when
rli-.no n litf-l*. r.f thn iniffi nf the lomon
also.?American Agriculturist.
Useful Hints.
Tissue or printing paper is the best ;
thing for polishing glass or tinw are.
If gilt frames, when new, are covered j
with a coat of white varnish, all specks
ran be washed off with water without ,
harm.
In beating cake, beat from the bottom
of the mixing bowl with a wood spoon,
bringing it up high with each stroke, and
as soon as the ingredients are fairly and
smoothly mixed, stop beati; g or your
cake will be tough.'
Sing to your children, if you can turn
a tune. It is worth your while to cultivate
your voice now. if you never did it
before. Nowhere else?perhaps not even
in heaven?will you have such loving and
generous audience.
It is a great mistake to clean bra?3 articles
with acid, as they very soon bccon^e
dull after such treatment. Sweet
oil and putty powder, followed by soap
and water, is one of the best mediums
for brightening brass and copper.
Fine wood cabinets should bo wiped
out with a soft cloth; the corners especially
may be brushed with a small hair
whisk. If the surface has been polished
and has grown dull with age or use, a
very little linseed oil on a woolen rag j
may be used to go over it.
1)0 not Hang a canary Dira ovei nve
feet from the floor. Thisgives an average
temperature and a purity of air. When
ventilating a room see that the bird iii not
in a draught. When hung otlt of cloors
have a part of the cage in the shade, so
that the bird may have a retreat, if he
chooses to take it, from the sun.
Flies are.a great nuisance?but a purifier.
They use up all the little particles
of filth, and render many apartments
comparatively healthful which without
them would be unfit to live in. So in
shutting out flies great care should be
taken to still secure the best of ventilation,
and preserve everything in the most
perfect neatness.
To keep cut flowers fresh, in the evening
lay them in a shallow pan or bowl
with their stems in a very little water,
and cover the receptacle with a damp
towel, one just wrung out of water. In
the morning the flowers can be arranged
in vases for the day. The stems can be
cut from day to day. Flowers treated
in this manner can be kept from one to
two weeKs, ana sometimes even lODger.
He (Jot It In Writing.
Colonel Tom Worthington, a "West
Point officer who commanded an Ohio
regiment during the early part of the
war, was dismissed from the service for
alleged disobedience of orders at the
battle of Shiloh. Seeking redress, he
went to Washington, and in that city
spent every winter until he died. Constantly
begging to be reinstated in the
service, he bored President Lincoln almost
to death. One day he called General
Tom Ewing out of the House of Representatives
and said to him : "Lincoln's
a fool I" "What makes you think so?"
asked Ewing. "Read this note," said
Worthington, pulling a paper from his
pocket. The letter was dated at the Executive
Mansion, and read as follows:
"I have several times informed Mr.
Worthington, verbally, that he was unfit
to be a Colonel, and now at his request
I put it in writing. A. Lincoln."
?Ben: Perley Poore.
Eucalyptus and Ague.
What has been tho effect of planting
the eucalyptus! Professor TommasiCrudeli
has never attributed to these
trees the least influence upon fever. On
the contrary he says that in the southern
hemisphere, where vegetation is more
richly developed than in Europe, there
are numberless forests of eucalyptus
where, as Professor Liversidge, of the
University of Sydney, has declared,
malaria obtains to a very great extent.
He also mentions the futile efforts to pro- <
mote health made at the instigation of
the French Trappists at tho Three
Fountains, where among vast plantations
of eucalyptus, all tneintnares or an agrt- \
cultural" penitentiary instituted in the
neighborhood of the Abbey were subject
to fevers, more or less severe. Not an in- 1
habitant of the Three Fountains escaped
the ma aria in 1882, during which, in all
the rest of the Roman campagna the
Health was excellent, and the percentage
ol' fevers very small.?Sanitary Era.
Aged Workers. j
Men should not kick out of harness '
too soon and think they are ''tooold for 1
work.1' Some of the brightest and most
useful writers and thinkers of the world
to-day are well along in years. Bismarck t
lc iwicf TO C.WV Tvincr "VVilH???n ic
past 80, Queen Victoria will soon cuter
upon the fifty-first year of her reign. In
our own country Evarts is past TO, ami
is a possible candidate for President;
Dudley Field is over !;0, and as springy
as a boy; Simon Cameron is 87, and has
any amount of fire and snap. Boston
has six editors that are over 80 years old
and doing active work. Young fellows
of CO or thereabouts can afford to buckle
down for a good long spell yet.?InterOcean.
" .J . .:
A Curious Library.
Professor Thomas, of Little Rock, has
a curious library. The covers of the
books are of wood, each a different
specimens. The visitor picks up a book.
He finds it is a solid bit of wood iu the
shape of a handy volume. The books are
made from white oak, red oak, black
ouk, chestnut, American beech, birch,
red cedar, yellow pine, pitch pine, willow,
poplar, cyprcss, "old field" or long
icaveu pine, uois u arc, uihck waiuut,
hi; kory (several varieties), white and red
maple, box elder, black locust, black sumac,
water locust, coffee bean, wild plum,
holly, basswood, paw-paw, bay, umbrella,
wild cherry, sweet gum, elm (several
varieties), sycamore, witch hazel,
butternut, pecan, hickory, and twenty
or more other woods.
A Challenge.
This little fodder p'.ant as taken snch a
marvellous i.ol i of the people, it lia* provoked
n.ore discussion than any. Ling of it > kind ever
k own. Its disroveier has leen the mink for
t ri L- sin from everyl o-ly, wh lethe Moxfe has
Las been quietly capturing the women. Drinking
a la-fe amount seems to leave no distuibiince.
At ttie same tin e the cynics say it is
cocoa, cocaine, arsenic, strychnine, and alcohol
in di-j-iiisa- Me im\h:lc. it-d s overer. an
eminent ] hysician, oirers fcir?,00'J t > any chemis*
or ot'.ier j^eison who will tlnd e.ther or any
othi-r ingredient in it more injurious than
win erer en or common bi;ter-root, which
thus? who have tiied it accept a^u fact.
PE.'RIFIED lobsters, clams, turtl sad the
jiKtr nave uccu louuu 111 great uuunuuu^o m mc
*a?(u Cat a! init .Mnunta'ns, in Arizona Territc
ry, at a height of n?ar y 10.00D feet above the
level o; the sea
It Avtoniwhed the Public
To hear of the resignation of Dr. P erce as a
Congressman to devote himself f-olely to his
labors as a physician. It was b cause h!s true
cvr.atituents were s ck and afflicted every\\
In re. They will find Dr. Pierce's "Goldea
]\ led leal Disjovety" a beneficent use of his
fc;?-n ific knowledge in their behalf. Consump
iun. Ironchitis, cough, heart d'sease,
t.ver and apue, intermittent fever, drop-y,
neuralgia, goitre or tli ck neck, and all di*ense-s
of tlie blood, are cured by this world-renewned
medicine. By drugg sts.
A folding bed i eariy kilied a Chicago worr
an. who was foun 1 doubled up and all but
Lroken into in it,
"Sny, why te eve-ything
Eithtr at sixes or at sevens?"
Trobably, my deu n*r.-iu? sister, because
you arj Miftering from i.neo'the diseases peculiar
to our sex. Yo i Lave h "dragg!n^do\?n":eeln
, t!ie backaHie, you are deb >i11
i'd. vou lave o iins of \aric.us kind-. Take
Dr. K. V. Pierre's "Fav? r'te Prescript on" and
be cur d. Price reduced to one dollar. By
cru g'sR
A la by at Panford, Fla., has ICO varieties of
ro?e! in her flower- -arden.
Pierce's "Pie s.nt Purgative Pellets" are
p rfHct.j r *\ cntives of constipation. Inclosed
in uln & b ittles, alwajs fresh. By all druggists.
"Pilotwor" is a.new explosive ten t!mcsthe
strength of gun owder.
Pllea Cured for t?5 Cents.
Dn. Walton's Cube foe Piles is guaranteed
to care the won-t case of piles. Price 25
cents. At druggists, or mailed [stamps taken]
hy the
Walton Remedy Co., Cleveland, 0.
'Royal Glck' mends anything! Broken Chi.
na, tilas3, Wood. Free Vials at Drugs & Gro
Bronchitis is cured by frequent small doses
of Piso's Cure for Consumption.
Vigor and Vitality
Ar? quickly given to every part of the I oiy b.v
yu 8 c orbttpMriiim- auk* hicu ?uu>q to vu><>J
overcome. The blood Is purified, enriched t n 1
vitalized and carries health Instead of disease to
every organ. The stomach Is toned fcnd strength
ened. the appetite teatored. The kidneys and llrer
are roused and Invigorated. Th; brain Is refr. s'jej,
the mind made cl'tar and io?dy for work. Thewhoh
syst< mU 1 ul t up an 1 rejuvenated by this pecullu:
medicine. Be pure to get Hood's.
"Hood's Sarnaparllla gave me new life and restored
me to my wonted health and strength."?William
J. Clocob, TUton. N. H.
Hood's Sarsaparilla
8oM by all druggists. $1; six for $3. Prepared only
by C. I. HOOD ft CO., Apothecaries Lowell, Mass.
100 Dose3 One Dollar
REMEDY,
(The Only BelUbU niood Purifier.)
A SPECIFIC FOB
RHEUMATISM,
Scrofula, Salt Rheum,
Neuralgia, Ring Worm
And all other Skin and Blood Diseases.
IT XUEGKJX1A.TB8 THE
LIVER AND KIDNEYS.
Care* Iadf e*tten ui all IImum arbU( from
an enfeebled eoadltlon of the
crux your uru^^ut ror uk. i*akjdse'h bui*
DT and take no other. Price $1. per bottle or dz
bottlee for 96. Manufactured by the
PARDEE MEDICINE CO.f
Rochester, N. Y.
Office of the Rochester Morning Herald,
March 27, 1886.
Gists.?i most cheerfully recommend Dr.
Parderfs Remedy to any one who is afflicted
with rheumatism, for I know from personal
experience thai it is a positive cure, and one
of the best remedies I ever used. I have been
a great sufferer with rheumatism, having
tried various so-called remedies, but* received
no benefit from any until I triod Dr. Pardee's,
being induced by a friend to do so. I confess
I was an unbeliever; but after using the remedy
a short time, I was fully convinced that
it was a superior one. I have used three hot ties,
carefully observing the direction*, and I can
truthfully say that I feel as well and run as
easily as when a boy. I shall continue its use i
through the spring montfefi, to be certain that I
the poison is all out of my blood. Wishing i
J\7U WW VUUW /wr IWiiCUT 11U7UV9. X --Ml
Ojast csewctfully yoro*. IBA E. AIOREY.
ir T H u?y5
COCKLE'S
ANTI-BILIOUS
PILLS, !
THE GREAT ENGLISH REMEDY J
For I.ivor, Bile, Indigestion. etc. 1 re<* from Mer- i
L-urr; conln ns only 1'uri- Vegetable In^icdi'-nt . i
Agent: (J. N. C It ITTEX TO N, Non Vark. i
c^(?o ' |
CI.OVEK BUILDING, j
mIter axle
LstIIf?'world GREASE '
? -r- <_ c't .. c 'J i".: u: i) '. Sulci Everywhere. I
S3flTEN?? Pr3CUred ^ less ,
y- kH I fcilo 1 i#??t than nitia''natile else- r<
wli.-rv i:? st ?.f refer n:-i-s and liiwufors' f-'uMi* nillnl
ire .1A >1 K> II. I-A ,\C'ASTKIt. I?ar- '
in Attorney. IN7 III ?in.l w a j, M. V, Cii>. '
& sis pFFEir. i '
t> ca i mi. r.nniK ? . >iiiiik .Hit inn ?. i; vein wa it ,
AM i.i'.fc:i i us your name. I'.O.an-l txir.'sso.-tl o
;'! 't'ht* X:n i?:ia! < V7 cy SI..N.Y.
Why did tt
of this country use over tl
Procter & Gamble's Lenox S
Buy a cake of Lenox and you
IL?ctur? on
"ROUGH ON RATS." AA BBB
'ill jy^v
This fa what killed your poor father. Shun it
Avoid anything containing it throughout your
future useful (?) careers. We older heads Ot>
Ject to its special 'Rough'nett,'
nAM?TEAAI away time ^ UJ ^
villi ruu Land money > (/' ,
to futile efforts with Insect pow\Wy
der, borax or what not, used at
random all over the house to get /Z'i^^PtV '
rid of Roachea, Water-bugs, Beetlea.
For 2 or 8 nights sro-Likle yf?r3
"Bocae 05 Rats' dry powder, L , #
about and down the sink, drain W
pipe. First thing In the morning wash it all
away down the sink, drain pipe, when all the
insects from garret to cellar will disappear.
The secret is in the fact that wherever Insects
are in the house, they must Rffe A All FQ
drink during the night. nUAvflCO
Clears out Hats, MIce,Bed-bugB, Flies, Beetles.
"Rough on Rats,1' Is sola all around the
world, in every clime, is the most extensively
advertised and has the largest sale of any
article of its kind on the face of tbe globe.
DESTROYS POTATO BUGS
For Potato Bugs, Insects on Yin es. etc., a tablespoonful
of the powder, well shaken, in a keg
of water, and applied with sprinkling pot
spray syringe, or whisk broom. Seep it wea
stirred up. 16c., 25c. and f 1 Boxes. Agr. else.
'RflUCH-RATST ?CLEARS OUTBED
BUGS,
FLIES.
Boachea. ants, water-bugs, moths, rats, mloe,
sparrows. Jack rabbits, squirrels, gophers. 10c.
DR. BAIRD'S GRANULES
REGULATE THE
BOWELS, PURIJ
Ka rv rrur dtaah
Pr i i 11 jj jliuuui/,
CURE DYSPEPSI
A, PILES, MALARIA,
HEADACHES.
(v^e.
Cne patu n: writes: "Best
the Cowefs!" >CJ 1 re(fu,nto
Another: "They are Indeed
wonderful. They do
not Physic. but i.ct as tonic
and cure."
Dr. W. M. BAIRD, Physician and Surgeon. 0Aloes
Wa?hlngt n. N. 3 , f.nd 137 West 2 d St., New York
Speaker N. J. House a?h<; > bl.v. ex-: resident Washington,
Jf. J., FoarJ of Health, ex County Physician,
4c., 4c.
Another: "I was cured of a severe attack or piles
by theii usa. Cannot too h ghly express my rega d
for them."
Easy to take, as they are no larger tha i a must rd
train. 25c. per box. 5 boxes, $1; of <,ruppKts or by
mail, postage prepaid. Trade supp.led by wholesale
druggists.
TRY THEM AND YOP WILL BE CONVINCED.
The fiocky Moitain Calm.
A set of 20 beautiful Mln
ln.lli.nl and P. trlrto*. ?.AR;nE ' S. I
tlons, systematically ar-B .] -I
rang d and cemented to t?
icard jnaneatbox.wl h Wu <UI
he name and place from ==. s^=. =^=:
hlch It came printed ^
inder each specimen. E.' tOl
ur regular price for -
:hls Crtbln t is S.1*:.. but : .
n crder to secure new yt*. aJL
agents to sell our miner- ?8?
ilcui loci ties, we wil'f r - 1 "" .1 :
the next 60(ia.tssend the ^ ^
handsome cabinet, with (flj ?"
lrculam describing our - ?1
lneral specimen curi- * _ ?
os!tle? for 10c. silver and PS IB
:hre.' two-cent stam s.
Vou get greater return- vaEnHMlH
or your money In kuowl d.11. science and .a t, by
Surct aslng one of those Cabinet of Rocky Mountain
[Inerals tnunyou can ordinarily olti nforten times
rhecost. Addrrg> S. TV. Tkkr ll & CO.. Denver. Col
MARVELOUS ~~
MEMORY
DIWCOVURY.
Wholly unlike nriiflclnl ttynteina.
Any book learned in one rendinK*
Recommended by Mark Twain, Richard Proctor
the Scientist. Hons. W. W Astor. Judah P. Benjamtn,
Or. Minor, etc. Clash of l(w Columbia law students,
two clas-ies 200 each at Yale, 3J0 University of Penn,
300 at Wellesley College, etc. Prospectus post free.
PROF. LOISKT 1% 337 Fifth Are.. New York.
jon~IShh
f^WPAYSthe FREIGHT
W 5 Ton Wuon Scileit
lrto L?rrr?, Sir el BtirlDgi, BroJ
jflHHK Tar* B**m and Beam Bo* for
Irrrj For frt* prm list
" \JHBvrS.' miction ?hl? p*i*r ud iddrcu
# <v. trv* V i0ncs Sf iInqhamtih.
* * BINUHAMTOX. N. ?.
BLOOD POISONING.
B1 >od Poisoning. Cancers and Tumors can ' e cured
by uslnr the KINO OF ALL REMEDIES. Hundred*
can testify to Its merits To show the power of our
Remedy, wo will s nd on receipt of '2!i cents to
prepay postage, a 81 Pack -pe, which will give you
relief at once, t is also a sure ctuv lor Malarl , Dvspecslaand
A-tTma. A' drees
THE 11A It T M EDI CINE CO.. Unlonvllle, Ct.
DR. HAIR'S
ASTHMA
m a ?% mm Has absolutely cured tens of th u
a II fC r" sands. The only Asthma Cure and
US Treatment known to the medical
world that will, positively .prraianentlvcure A allium
and Hay Fever, unquestionable evidence
will be found in my 64-page Treatise, sent free.
Pit. B. W. HAIIt, a? W.4th St.. Cincinnati, O.
?^MM WIthoot increasing
I the cod we Lnve made
1114"J>J*Yil^||1 'be FIFTH WHEEL
the strongest nnd uiont
HKSsRffiSfl satisfactory part of a
MililliS Baggy or Carriage.
HCdEmH Illustrated pamphlet
ffVVnni free.
MftHSajTHE HERBRAHD CO.
FKE.MONT, O.
One Agent (Merchant only) wanted in every town tor
Your "Tanslll's i'unch" 5c. cigar is glvln.? good
nHofnofinn . th? lw\fo art* V?Af/?hlntf on."
Alvoku & Fokker, Druggists, Eldora, la.
"Tansll.'* Pun.h" is the- best cigar we have ever
gold for the money, a E. Eitteh & Co., Neciha. Mo.
Addrc8B_lt. \V. TANWHiL & CO.i Chicago.
EXHAUSTED VITALITY
A Great Medical Work for Young
and Middle-Aga:! Men.
pwvffjswws: s^ss&^st:
IImob.mwi. wm71i. pa kkelt,
Consulting hhjilelan. Mere than one mli:loa <-oplet
10I1L It treats upoa Jferroutand VHvtlcal Debility.
Premature Decllue. Exhausted Vitality, Impaired
VifTOr. and Impurities of live Blood, and ibt untold
ml?eri?j crasequr-at tbewon. OouijUuj sou pn^et, 1
lubsiantlal emloasil blcwltn-t. full pit Warranted l
Hie best popular m<*1icai treatise published in tUe [
EusllsU language. Price only #1 l.y mall, postpj-W, ,
ind concealed In a plalu wrapjMT. JllvxlruXiv 1
tamplcjrre If you send uow. JLdiirc8.?ai above. :
Same thii paitr. ? I
SS&BROOT BEER!
ins, wholesome leverage. Soiii l>y tirungiMs: mall .hi
!ir2'.e. C. li. li 1 ES. <3 N. l>el?. Av>\. I'd I la , I'a. j
QiMa Great English Gout and I
wlCSir S I IBJSa Rheumatic Kemedy.
Ovnl Itox. .*{ I i round. > 1' I'-.
pEGULATE Eowels & Purify Blood. Dr. Balr.l'j
Lfc ljlood liranuK'S.'J5o.; 5 boxes ?1. O. tlruf-gists:
:r by uitt 1. jiivpaJ i. uii. Ll.w.U', W >liiti;:un .V I
n A T S\i V ?T Oulatiifil. Sen-! .-tamp ro ,
fc#A i Ft |M i invi i.ror.' Oul-.le. L. Bin i I
I ham, Pa cat Lawyer. ??'a a.iiiiw -> <-'
2P;? *' KiXI'J I'iIimnUi] I'atik*. Sh?'i'p. 1k>j;s. |
" u t v. i). s f- r v ? :?:
n-irawn;;- fr- v. I'. < *V| ',;l
f)ALUS' KiiiincNo ('ollcu't'i V^lS'jA'1, ?Ui!a
i. ti.j.is (urn'ie'iei!. l.l'e Seii<>.nr> .<! i?H). write.
b=?ks 6^ g Cf^OAitSWV I:orc nnd enru
g fcLfcwt'.Ai ?? ' p.,Mi prv. Situnti' ns
fnroirtiPil Writ.. Valentine Hroi., JaDt8viile,Wa>. J
j
ie Women
i
i
\irteen million cakes of
ioap in 1886 ?
will soon understand why.
inrnw
n.K.K. "fc
mnw IHBBM MM
CURES THE WORST PAINS In (Von
to twenty minute*. Not one hoar
BOWEL COMPLAINTS
It will in a few moments, when taken according to-'
directions, cure Cramps, Spasms; Sour StomaclvHeartburn,
81ck Headache, 8nmmer CompUlnt.Diarrbrea,
Dysentery. Colic, Wind in the BowelZ,
and all other Internal Pains.
MALARIA IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS CURED"
AND PREVENTED.
There 1* cot ft remedial agent In the world that
will cure Fever Hud Ague and all other Malarious,
Bilious and other levers, aided by RAD WAY'S
PILLS, *o quick as RAD WAY'S READY
RELIEF.
R. R. R. sot only cures the parlent seized with Xt
larla. but If people exposed to the Malarial poisoa
will ever/ morning take 20 > r 30 drops of Beady
Relief In water, ana eat. say a cracker, before going
out, they will prevent attacks.
It Instantly relieves and soon cores Colds, Son
Throat, Bronchitis. Pleurisy, Stiff Neck, all Conge*
tlons and Inflammations, whether of the T-nnfi, Kidneys
or liowels,
RHEUMATISM, NEURALGIA, "f
Headache, Toothache,Weakness or /aln in the Back
Chest or Limbs by one application- - -*
Fifty cent* per bottle. Hold by druggists.
OR. RADWAY'S
SARSAPMULLUH RESOLVEOTI 1
The Great Blood Purifier,
For core of all chronic diseases. Scrofula, Bloat
Taints. Svphllltlc Complaints, Consumption, Glial- , '.'1
alar Disease, Ulcers, Chronic Rheumatism. Erysipelas,
Kidney, Bladder and Liver Complaints, Dvs- ;; p-psla,
Affections of the Lungs and TJiroat, purlOss
the Blood, restoring health and vl$oc
Sold by DriiKsUts. SI per Bottle.
RADWAY'S PILLS
The G;?at Liver ani Sionac'i Remi/
For the cnre of all dlsnrder* of the Stomach, Lire*. s
Bowels. Kidneys. Bladder, Nervous Diseafes, Female
L iH? of Ad elite, HeadachS, Constlp*.
tiou. CoBtivenoss, Indi^'esti >n, Biliousness, Ferae,
Inflammation of theBivro's, Plls< and all aeranjr?mer.tdcf
tholsiter.ml Viscera. Pur Irregetable,containlng
110 mercury, mlaorili or deleterious drassT
PERFECT D GESTICN by tak'njfone of RacL ' . v>
way's Pills every morning, ubo-.it U o'clo.-k. as a dinner
pill. Ey so cioiu,;
SICK HEADACHE,
L'/j fpepsin, Tout Stomach. Biliousness will be avoided.
ai.d ihe food that Is eaten comrlbutes lta> nourishing
properties fcr the support of the natural waste a
the Wly.
Ctr Observe the following symptoms r suiting from
disease of ihe Digestive Organ-: Constipation. Inward
Piles. Fullness of the Blood In the Head, Acidity ol
the Stomach. Uuuiea, Heartburn, Disgust of Food, 5
Fullness or Weight in the Stomach, Sour Eructation*
Sinking or Fluttering of the Heart, Choking or 8uff?
eating i-ensatlons when In a lylwr posture, Dimness o(
Vlflon, Dots or Webs before tne Sight, Feverand DnU
Pain In the Head Deficiency of Perspiration, Yellow
ness of the Skin and Eycs.Paln In the 8lde.Chest,Llmh?
and Sudden Flushes of Heat. Burning In the F esh. ,
A few doses of K A !> WA Y'H PTlIJ* wl l free
th? ?v?tem of all the above named disorders
Price ?5 cehw per box. Sold by all dragjjtsta.
HTSeud a letter (tamp to D It. RAD WAT St ','i
CO., No. 34 Warren Street, New York, tot '
Our Book of Advice.
VMK SURK TO GET RADWAY'S. '
W. L. DOUGLAS
$3 SHOE,
The only S3 SEAMLESS |?1n
Shoe in the world. I H9
Finest Calf, perfcct fit, and /
warranted. Congress, Button J/Q IHul
and Lace, all styles toe. As < Vy m c/5?
stylish and durable as MfM uj %
those costlnir 85 or SC.^ir DB
W. L. DOUGLAS <3 WM^m J
2.80 SHOE excels X (<M
the $3 Slmes adver- / ^ . istXrw
tise'l
^^^5icssss^?Li??j? him?tmisET] -.T^N>
Boys all wear the W. L. DOUGLAS S2 SHOS>
II your deater does not keep them, send your name oa
postal toW.L DOUGLAS. Brockton. Mass.
WHAT
AILS
VOtttl
Do you feel doll, languid, low-spirited, Titoless,
and indescribably miserable, Doth physl*
caJly and mentally; experience a sense of
fullness or bloating after eating, or of "goo*ness,"
or emptiness of stomach In the morning,
tongue coated, bitter or bod taste la
mouth, irregular appetite, dizziness, frequent >
headaches^blurred eyesight," floating specks "
before the eyes, nervous prostration or exhaustion,
irritability of temper, hot flushes ^
alternating with chillv sensations, sharjv
biting, transient pains nere and there, col? >
fefct, drowsiness after meals, wakefulness,
disturbed and un re freshing sleep, co % <
indescribable feeling of dread, or of ImpepR^?;^
ing calamity ? ' .sJSHB
If you have all, or any considerable numtar - - 'jfcS
of tnese symptoms, you are suffering frofey'.: V -^
that most common of American maladie?-?.
Bilious Dyspepsia, or Torpid Liver, associated r: ''T ^
with Dyspepsia, or Indigestion. The mors
complicated your disease has become, the
greater the number and diversity of symp- **
toms. No matter what stage it has reached.
Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery
will subdue it, if taken according to directions
for a reasonable length of time. If not
curcu, uuuipuuauuuo muiupiy uuu vyUODumption
of the Lungs, Skin Diseases, Heart Disease,
Rheumatism, Kidney Disease, or other grave
maladies are quite liable to set in and, sooner
or later, induce a fatal termination.
Dr. Pierce's Golden medical Discovery
acts powerfully upon the Liver, and
through that great blood-purifying organ,
cleanses the system of all blood-taints and impurities,
from whatever cause arising. It Is
equally efficacious in acting upon the Kidneys,
and other excretory organs, cleansing,
strengthening, and healing their diseases. As
an appetizing, restorative tonic, it promotes
digestion ana nutrition, thereby building up
both tlesh and strength. In malarial districts,
this wonderful medicine has gained great
celebrity in curing Fever and Ague, Chills and
Fever, Dumb Ague, and kindred diseases.
Dr. Pierce's Golden medical Discovery
CURES ALL HUMORS,
from a common Blotch, or Eruption, to tb?
worst Scrofula. Salt-rheum, "Fever-sores,"
Scaly or Rough Skin, in short, all diseases
caused by bad blood are conquered by this
powerful, purifying, and invigorating medicine.
Great Eating Ulcers rapidly heal under
its benign influence. Especially has it manl~
fested its potency in curing Tetter, Eczema,
Erysipelas, Boils, Carbuncles. Sore Eyes, Scrofulous
Sores and Swellings, Hip-Joint Disease,
"White Swellings," Goitre, or Thick Neck,
and Enlarged Glands. Send ten cents in
stamps for a large Treatise, with colored
plates, on Skin Diseases, or the same amount
for a Treatise on Scroruious Affections.
"FOR THE BLOOD IS THE LIFE."
Thoroughly cleanse it by using1 Dr. Pierced
Golden Medical Discovery, and good
digestion, a fair skin, buoyant spirits, vital
strength and bodily health will be established.
CONSUMPTION, "
which is Scrofula or the Langs, is arrested
and cured by this remedy, if taken In the
earlier stages of ths disease. From its marvelous
power over this terribly fatal disease,
when first offering this now world-famed remedy
to the public, Dr. Pierce thought seriously
of calling it his "Consumption Cure," bu*
abandoned that name as too restrictive for
a medicinc which, from its wonderful combination
of tonic, or strengthening, alterative,
or blood-cleansing, anti-bilious, pectoral, and
nutritive properties, is unequaled, not only
n.? a remeav for Consumption, but for all
Chronic Diseases of tho
Liver, Blood, and Lungs.
For Weak Lune-s, Spitting of Blood, Shortness
of Lirep.th, Chronic Nasal Catarrh, Bron
c!iitis. Asthma, Severe Coughs, and kindrea
aifcctione, it is an efficient remedy.
Sold by Druggists, at S1.00, or Six Bottlef
for 85.00.
?35^" Si-nd ten cents in stamps for Dr. Pierce's
book on Consumption. .Address,
World's Dispensary Medical Association,
663 Mai a St., BUFFALO, N. Y.
3k b so Soldiers & Heir*. Scnil stamp
I* Oil CI A tt C tot circulars. COL. L. BI.NCf
I wild IVII9 H\il. Atty. Washington L). 0
nOi'lV Habit Cured. Treatment Kent on trial
UrluiYk HUMANE REMEDY CO., Lafayette, lad
E3
Emms,
|? CURES WHERE Alt ELSE FAILS, EJ
IS Best Couzh Svrup. Tastes good. Use K#
f> In time. Sold by druggists. p*f
SlOOOg&g
Jlenlnt or Pltfticai lVi-aknteH*that. Bofanle
lllto ?by ullDmgS**