Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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LOOK UP. Look up! the world is wide. On land and sea. On ship or shore, there is no rust, no rest; A heart throbs outward from each humar breast, % And moves it onward to its destiny. What if it's hidden doom must end in death "Why, meet it bravely, with the hones! tihrmorlit; Of no good deed undone, no ruin wrought, To kill the hope that soothes a dying breast. He who would soar from darkness into light, And, like Icarus, mount on waxen wings, Will never reach and touch the golden springs That open the gates which close upon the night. Who rises, lifting others up with him, Is strong inde2d. Within his call or react Are hands that aid him?hearts that helji him teach What he has learned himself, and taught to them. We build our thoughts like mountains to the clouds, T>i? mrttopr nf mir h^inc still unsolved. Save that we know our livos are not evolved For the sole end of filling empty shrouds. ? H'm, TFard, in New Orleans Times. A PICTURE TO ORDER. The time is back in "the fifties;" the iccne, a dingy, old, tumble-down building in a better-days quarter of New York. Across the front of this smoke-begrimed pile is emblazoned a legend which, if of recent origin, must have been put there iu .sport. It runs: "linterpri^e Building.'' npu~ JI._ iuc uawu-uiutvcr, wie iu?uw-cuunuier, and the old-clothes-man are in possession of the ground floor, while the signs adorning the stairway-jarabs tell to what a motley crew the upper regions have been abandoned. Within this portal, almost bio fading it with his broad shoulders, stands a man of a type more numerous in the fifties than now. A genuine "Fortyniner"?red shirt, corduroys, top-boots, leather belt, broad hat. sunburnt face. His great, rough hand is fumbling irresolutely through his big, tangled beard, as he regards intently a sign upon the stairs which reads: "Portraits and Landscapes Fainted. Room 39." He has pla:nly been successful in his gold-seeking. Even his back shows that. It is a broad, well-to-do, onehundred-cents-on-thc-dollar back. Perhaps he has had enough of "roughing it," and longs for a taste of the refined delights denied him in his exile. Whatever his intention, he seems half ashamed of it, he takes a hurried glance up and down the street, and hesitates ag lin before his resolve is taken, and his heavy boots go lumbering up the stair3. In a little room on the top floor sits a shabby man, the physical opposite of the first. The well-worn books upon the shelves and the bulging portfolios of "studies" all about show that he too has been a digger after treasure, but of another kind, and his face gives evidence that he has found it. His wide, shadowy eyes see more than they rest upon, and hi* high brow teems with fancics far above the groveling horde about him. Upon the canvas before him his hand combines the fruits of research, observation and reflection in results too good to win the general applause?too perfect to be widely understood. His labors have not brought him the robust health, nor yet the material rewards of the other. He is thin and weak and miserably poor. Strive as he may with his unbusinesslike, unpract'cal nature, he can but keep himself half fed. The day is bitter cold, and he pauses aT+am in r wAflr a Ivoof fArt-ofK/ii* l/ilV,ll IU U19 n Vi IV IV uvab I 11 iO blue lingers, almost as numb and lifeless u the little, rusty, unused stove in the corner. How unequally the goods of this world are divided! What a pity such as this cannot exchange of their possessions to the point of equalization with that other class represented by the wearer of the heavy boots now lumbering up towavd him. What a pity?ah, yes, but Fate doesn't often lend an ear to Pity. Perhaps he was ruminating somewhat to this etl'cct when the clump-clumping of the (op boots, followed by a vigorous bombardment of his door, interrupted him. He risen and opens the door, starling half in fear half with pleasure at the tahvart figure before him. ~ -i. j .1 _ u l uiui buuu u rnuut'i ue couiu paiub men. "G'd mornin', stranger,says the "Forty-niner." "Good morning," come in," the other replieB, holding the door hospitably open. "C'n I look at the pictures?'' "Certainly." The visitor steps over the threshold, . and by the time the artist has closcd the door and seated himself at his work, he has gone aronnd the room, has "looked"' at them and plainly failed to find something he as plainly hoped to see. He stands now and watches the artist laying the colors on the canvas. "Ah," he says, "I don't care much for pictures. They don't look like outdoors. They don't look like the place I want xo see. nay, stranger: coma y paint a pictur' i'st as I'd describe it t'ye, so it'd look like th' very place?" "I am afraid not. "Words are not eadily translated into form and color. The usual terms of description are too indefinite, capablc of too many and too v -ried interpretations: too liable t) distortion through the transforming influences of the painter's own imagination to render success probable." "No, no; I don't mean anything like that. Jus, make it the way I'll tell yc. Kinder pan around, an' I'll help y't1 cujalv; it. iij it, otiuii^vi . x 11 aiuuM the damages. 'X' if ye make 't look like the place, I'll pay ye well fr it." The inducements are irresistible to the hungry Bohem'an, so he puts a frush canvas on the easel and scats himself, pa'ctte in hand, to make the attempt. The other shuts his eyes a moment in retrospection, and then savs: "Well, there's a river runnin' right through the middle of this uictur' that I want Y see. Not a big river, j'st; a kind 'of an overgrown creek. Big enough l'r trout an sunfish that'd do a boy's eyes good t< look at. Hut that ain't mu li of a de Ecription.is it?" And he scratches hi; head in a puzzled way, and tries again 'Well, this river is abo.it forty foot wid< on the average. J'st paint it about tha wide right across the middle there, wil ye? Kinder wiudin' cround, like this.' But the other doesn't paint it. In stead, he says: "There is nothing tan gible in that. The water itself is ni more visible than the air we breathe We only seem to see it as it reflects othe things, as the objects upon its banks o the sky overhead, or shows us colo ton ito gaits w ai>Li3 tejd jn jCTsa?iMi ? as, if it be muddy, or stained -with " "No, 'taint muddy, it's clear as crys1 tal an' deep an' blue. Y' c'n paint it blue, can't y', stranger?" F "Tell me what its surroundings are, 1 and I will try." "Well, across, on the other side, is a row o' hills thet stand right up against & , thu sky. J'st make a row o' hills there, will ye.'" The artist can do that. He was born among the hills, and now he recalls a ccrtain group of them in every detail. First, laying in a summer sky for back- . ground, he sketches in their forms in P flat colors. m ( "No." says the other, "not like that, cc real hills, genuine New England hills, re with hemlock 'n' scrub oak 'n' hazel up 'n' down their sides, 'n' rock cropping or out next the river " ge "Wait." savs the artist, and he dashes ' i and dabs, and sinps and spatters the , mingling tiuts and shades of color all ? about with a speed and abandon that is , bewildering. , The gold-digger, in his anxiety, bcndi f over him closer and closer, as though 0 1 he would look through the canvas for SP the scene he longs for. ca "Xo," he says, "no, 'taint it. Try ; the turn o' the river au' some land on w< this side." y? Even as he speaks, the form and colors on of the sky and hills are shimmering and f?' rippling there, and at a sweep the pain- ,,e ter describes the line of the nearer shore, mi and then the foreground seems to unroll across the < anvas. su ' That is like the turn o'the river! ho Try a stone wall down here t'wards the ?a left. Is that a stone wall?" "ItwiUbe." th "It looks to me like a streak o' brown a * paint." k? "It is like a stone wall 1 have in miud," ?V the arlist says. "But just here it was ?1] tumbling down, and the loose stones were scattered about, half-hidden in the P'( <rrn.?,g. like this: and here the cattle and I a*' O * 7 | the sheep came through and had worn a 8P' little, crooked path down to the water." "Yes, that's it,that's j'at what I want, a? but I don t git it yet. I don't aeem to "1S see it for the paint." ^e' ' You look too closely. Stand back a ?? little." fe? "Well, by Gorge! It is like it, mi, stranger! It's like it to a dot. How ?j? could y'e hit it so close?" he asks in ?* amazement. "But y'l'f out a house over ?* hereon this side," he continues. "A we little log house with a clipboard roof 'n a tall?a big oak tree bending over it." Pei The painter starts at this. It is his turn for amazement now. What a wild Pa! hope thrills him for the moment? What wo if this?pshaw! What a foolish fancy! * ? A thousand homes would answer that an< description; and he goes on with his 011 work. 'ay lie paints the little house, as he has mi: painted the river and the hills and the ^re old wall, not from imagination, nor ' description, but from memory. ile paints the little house where he cat and his brother Tom were born?where an< they spent their childhood together? , 'ev the little hou^e from which Tom, hia ' c?l brave, bie brother, his hero, grown des peratc over the hard lot of their widowed ba' mother, had gone away with a bold front bet to seek his fortune?their fortune. ! tre He paints the little house from which j J**1 their little mother, hrok en-hearted for I )ay want of tidings of her absent boy, had | been borne to her grave?the little j tov house, no longer home, from which he ter' hud wandered, a weak, forlorn, hulplcss | 'uc little lad, out into the big world alone? ! wa all alone, vainly wishing that he might ^Ul find Tom. 11^1 "Now you strike it, stranger! That's bir it! It's the very place! How much do you want for it < .Name your price." I "I can't part with it!" I a^c "But y' must, I tell ye, y' must! Don't i tritle with me. stranger! I ordered that , * r( pictur' an' its mine. Y' won't go back , 'ur j on that. But go on! There's a winder j on I on this side an' a door here?that's it! II c'n fairly see two mischevious young- Pu< j stcrs a-hidin' behind that wall, au' j sc^ I mother stan'in' in th' door a-callin'. Say, I I stranger! cou'd y' j's put a woman'in ^re j the door there shad:n' her eyes with her ; Pcf j hand, like this?a l.ttle tired, anxious- a"( j lookin' woman with the kindest face, the ; an( j dearest face! Could y', stranger!" t the "No. The space is too small. I | couldn't do it, so that you could see the {*" | lace." I hn] 'Taint mo her face! will ye, stranger \ ^0 [ ?will ye? See here." And lie goes down ; ' into his capacious pocket9 and heaps a P'1 great pile of yellow coin and little heaps ,its of "dust" upon the table. "Don't tell | [ me y' can't do it, stranger. Y' thought , hie y' couldn't do this, but y' hev. I'll try ' of 'n' tell y' how she looked. I c'n see her nc: face yet, but it's kind o' misty. If I c'd coi sec on'j suthin' like it, I c'd tell y' how j of it was different." And he takes an eager, ' di( j impatient turn about the room. | fas ! "No, 'taint like these, none of 'em," of j he says. "These gay ones is all well ! c'c enough, but haint y' got no plain-lookin' ( th< j little women with home-faces?with . l?c | mother-faces?hain't y', stranger?" j co The painter dare not speak. He dare : of not look into the questioner's face, lest j he lose the dear hope still "rowing in his . heart. | aw Instead, for answer, he arises, and go- ; an ing to a corner of the room, lifts a faued I en' curtain?draped as it might be over a ' f?' shrine?reveals upon a low easel the | *|l( j worn face of his saint?his mother. | The gold-seeker with a quick, spa3- mc j modic catching of his breath is on his ( nei knees before it, clutching the xrame in both liis big. sunburnt bands, as if he | on feared this might be an illusory fading ! vision. Nc His eyes are fixed upon the face, and ?v for a time he docs not move nor speak. | sh "Whip-cords gather and knot themselves ! an under the brown skin of his temples,and J as scalding tears well up in his eyes, and. j overflowing the ruggc d uplands of his j en I cheeks in briny rivulets, lose themselves 1 eg ! iu the wilderness of his shaggy beard j sc< j tliat quakes and quavers like a stretch of j do alfalfa in a storm. Then he presses his | frface against the cold canvas, kissing it cu over :ind over, and fetching great con- ; w< | vulsive sob-. "Oh, mother," he moans, j th ; "after all, I was too late!" j ini i The shabby little fgure is down beside : SP ; him, hanging about his neck and e ying: ! tei j "Tom, Tom. Brother, don't you know J ? j me?" j to The brawny giant, never turning his ' as I eyes from his mother's face, gathers the m; I other in his strong arms with an embrace j th j like a grizzly, and murmurs between his j 011 sobs: "Oh, Willie, Willie!"?A. Tremt ] be [ j Saunders, in Chicago Current. | w' I rrr i i rt * fc Bull-Dog Ants in Surgery. A citizen of Valrosia, Fla., wants to In } send some of the big red tints of that re- th gion, callcd "bull-dog'' ants, to surgeons th \ for use in fastening wonrds of theintes- be ' tines. Jle .'ays that if the edge of two * pieces of soft papr-r are held together 01 , and a bull dog ant held so that he will w , clutch both sides, and his head be then nc quickly twisted off, the ant becomes a fixture in that position. lie says that d< Spanish surgeons use the bull dog ants as ei 3 sutures in that way.?Jack a/ncille Times, th r F! r Midway Island, one of the Hawaiian K1 r group, belongs to the United States, and ig yss'l &3 a coal station. w HUMMING BIRDS"" ACTS ABOUT THE LITTLE BIRD THAT FEEDS ON NECTAR. Natnralist Describes Some of Its Habits?Difficulty of Finding Its Artistic Home?Composition of Its Nest. "I don't suppose there are many peoe iu this country who never saw a huming bird," said a Honesdale (Penn.) ?rrespondent to a New York Sun corspondent, "but if the question, 'Did >u ever see a humming bird's nest?' was t the ccnsus taker's list, he would ceive 'No' for an answer from at least 1)99 out of 10,000 of the population. ay rural urcnin, n uu is a geuuiuc ,n tell you where you may tind the nest every bird in his neighborhood, from e hawk's down to the chippy's?except e humming bird's. And yet this mite the air is commoner than many other ecies of bird whose nests the urchin n take you to. "A humming-bird's nest is a sight ?rth going a good wajs to see, and yet u needn't go far to see one if you can ly find it. I was a collector of birds r years before I ever saw one of these sts. Every year there was scarcely a inute in the day during the summer at huraming-bijds couldn't be seen eking the nectar from the honeysuckle, illyhock, lilies, or other flowers in my rden, yet I had no idea whatever lere they nested and brought forth eir young. I noticed one summer that ine specimen of the ruby-throat, after vering about my flowers for a few mo;nts, invariably fashed away in one 1 rection, following a straight line, as 1 as I could see him, toward a tnick : 2cc of woods a mile or so away. One | ;ernoon I followed his course to the 1 ot where he disappeared from view and ' lited there to see if he would pass on ' other flight, intending to line him to ' ) home as the bee hunter does the wild ] e. What course he took back to the j wer garden I do not know, but in a v minutes he passed where I sat, hum- ! ng on his way again homeward. It was 1 ly a momentary glimpse that I caught 1 him, passing as he did like a ray 1 light, but enough to see that he 1 nt on as straight as a bee line. I 1 lowed to the second point of disap- ' ' 1 - _ - ? J i arance, wauea again, aim once more, er another visit to the garden, he >scd me and kept on toward the ods. This time, being on the watch, iaw the wee bird as he approached, 1 was able to keep him in my eye iger than I had before. After four res of watching in this way the humng bird led me to a clump of dogwood es, where he disappeared. 'Satisfied that his nest was someere in the trees I approached them itiously, but althougu I saw the bird, 1 once h'w mate, go and come every r minutes out of one of the trees, I ild not discover the spot they made :ir home. I don't believe 1 would re found the nest at all, if it hadn't :n that a blue jay flew in among the es and lit on a branch of the tree in ich the humming birds lived. The had scarcely perched on the limb, en, like a shot, I saw something dart rard him, and as the big bird fluted and hopped about, evidently retant to leave the spot. I saw that he s being fiercely assailed by the female nming bird. The little thing hummed s e a bnzz saw, and darted upon the jay d from bjlow, above and from every e, striking him with her long, ncedlee bill, while he screeched and jumped nit, but was utterly unable to parry a >w of his radiant but fur.ous assa lant. ] :sently the male humming bird re- c aw/1 Ainnlrlir i'nino/1 in + offur'lr 4* acu, auu jvauvva 4U vav Ki>vi?v,u, I V the intruding jay bird, who was soon i d to take himself off, followed by the ^nacious litlle fairies, until he went eeching out of sight. 'The humming birds returned to the e, and instead of mysteiiously disapiring in the foliage as before hovered )Ut a particular spot on the gnarled I twisted branch of the dogwood, and :rc, as the female finally settled down, iscovered the fairy home of these two ;le sylphs beneath a canopy of overaging leaves. The female nestled wn cosily in the tiny cup, which was 1 soft and elastic that even her delicate image was unrufllcd by contact with moss-covered edges. j From my hiding place?for I had j Mati in the hughes at the first attack I 1 the humming bird on the jay?the < >t -was but a few feet distant, and I lid see its character, but could not tell * what it was constructed. One thing I 1 notice, and that was, it was cunningly ] hioncd to so harmonize with the bark the tree as to conceal it from the 1 seat observer. Often in my visits to < ; nest afterward, and knowing its :ation so well, I was unable to dis- 1 ver it except after a minute or more close observation. "For a short time after, the two little ds returned to their nest, after driving ay the jay?which, by the way, was j exhibition of bravery and belliger- j re on the part of the humming birds , which I was entirely unprepared? j 2 male bird snuggled down c!o;e be- i le his mate, then poised itself for a > >ment on its whirring wings above the < 3t, and disappeared. I then stepped ( t from my hiding place, but the bird , the nest did not move, conscious, per- ] ps of the security of its nesting-place, j >t until I had climbed the tree and bent i er the nest did she seem to realize that , e was discovered, and then she arose d buzzed and hummed about me with belligerent intent as she had darted out the jay bird. I remained only long ough to see that two of the tiniest of gs were in the nest, and then dcjnded and went away. I visited the gwood tree daily after that, and the lil birds would gradually become acstoined to mv presence. At nrst they ire nervous, and one or the other of em would dart down at me, and, hanij5 poised within a yard or so of me, inect me with frightened curiosity, utring the quaintest of peeps and cries. "After a few days my presence ccascd disturb them, and they came and went if I wns not there. I learned that the lie relieved the female at intervals on e nest, and that humming birds carry i daily warfare against nnv other memirs of the feathered tribe that come anyticrc near their nest, attacking the eat big, flapping crow with the sume arlessness as they do a sparrow, and iving him away apparently as easily, time two l.ttlc nestlings appeared in is nest of mine?the oddest looking inrrs. not much bicrner than a bumble O 1 WW e." One day, after the young ones were d enongh to fly, I went to the nest. It as deserted, and the birds camc back ) more that season. I then took the :st apart, and found that it was a most ;licate piece of workmanship. Soft, Iky pulls made from the blossoms of le oak and chestnut, and bits of satiny ay moss and dark brown fungus, of a ind that must grow in secret places Qown only to these nectar-fed fairies, oven into the walls of the ne;t, which 9m were as soft as down and pliable a? India rubber. The outer covering of the :aea was formed of the minutest fls.ke? o lichen and bark, laid on artistically am substantially, like shingles on a roof, hare seen many humming birds' nest since, and found that whatever the pie vailing hue of the branches on whicl they were built might be, the covering o the tiny cups was made of the jame hue. A Remarkable Operation. Lizzie Lucas is a bright six-year-ol( girl, and has been a patient in the Man hattan Hospital, New York. Her father Captain Lucas, is the master of a clippe ship which makes regular trips arourn Cape Horn to San Francisco. As th< captain believes in making his ship hii home his wife always goes with him, anc Lizzie was born in a gale of wind whicl kept him fooling around the Horn foi twelve days. She grew up on board o: the ship, and soon showed a dispositioi to follow the nimble sailors aloft. On< afternoon Lizzie fell from the rigging upon the deck, striking on her right side and sustaining a compound fracture o: the right leg. As tne ship w&s ther 1,000 mile? away from any port, expeil surgical treatment was out of the ques tion. and when the bone finally knit il made a serious deformity. The .leg wai twined and bent or turned outwarc nearly at a right angle, and was of nc use whatever. The child, when she could get uj), hobbled around on i crutch. When the vessel reached New Yorli the little girl was taken to a private house, where she remained with hei mother for several months, tbe captait being again on the high seas, and ther Lizzie was taken to the hospital. The crooked leg was curefully examined bj several surgeons and an Jismarc's bandage was wound tightly around the leg until the blood had'been forced out ol the extremity. When this had been lone a continuous incision was made with a scalpel over the place where the bone had been fractured. The foot and the exposed bone were then wiped perfectly dry and the serious work began. Hie surgeon, a man of more than average strength, seized the foot with one hand md the bone with the other, and then, ;hrowing all his weight and strength into the movement, gave a sudden twisi; for :he nurDose of breaking the bone at the [racture. It did not even crack. Sev;ral others tried their hand, with do better result. The resistance of the bone was said to be due to ita elasticity. The [eg had to be broken in 3orae way or the )pcration would end in failure. A machinist's hammer was then produced of argc size. The leg waj placed so that Jie inside of the foot and the hip joint rested upon the table. Agnail block of .vood was then laid across the bone, a aressure was put upon the thigh, and the iurgeon struck several blowsi in cuick luccession, and fiually broke the bone, [t was badly out of shape, and after reseated trials was got in good position ind reset. To hold the bone security a jandage which had been previjusly naked in a plaster of Paris solution was vouna tightly around it. This hardened n a few moments, and tho muscles of ;he leg were immovable. It is now some ;ime since the operation, and the wound las healed. There is every evidence hat the bone has united, and a cure will )e effected. The leg is a trifle shorter han the well one, but it is believed that his can be corrected with the use of veights, and that the little girl, when he is able to walk, will not even limp. Two of Henry Clay's Stories. Jtienry v/iay, wbu yvuo a ucui jjcmuau, vas quite nn enthusiast on the subject of ilain handwritiug, and was in the habit )f telling a story in point about a C'in:iunati grocery man who wanted a lot of ranberries, and thought he could get hem cheap in a little Kentucky town. To this end he wrote to a customer at the >lace requesting him to send 100 bushels )f cranberries per Simmons?the name of lis teamster. The writing was so had ;hat the party to whom the: note was ad1 reused could not make out the word 'cranberries'' at all, but did conclude ;hat his correspondent wanted 100 ju^hels of persimmons, which were at Mice gathered and forwarded, much to :he disgust of the Cincinnati man. Another of .Mr. Clay's stories was in regard ;o an inebriated Colonel, in full reginentals, who insisted on riding on the >utside of the stage with the driver. Presently he fell off into the mud, and ivhen he picked himself up the following jolloiuy ensued: "Well, driver, we had quite a (hie) :urn over." ? ? ' -1 i. . 11 . "iNo. w3 naven c turneu over at u,u; jrou only fell off." Being ajsured by the passengers thai :here had been no turn over the tipsj Colonel exclaimed: ''Well, if I had (hie) known that ] wouldn't have got out."?Ben : Parley Poore. The House of Hohenzollcrn. It is not generally known that the princely name of Hohenzollern, belonging to the reigning house of Prussia, is ierived from a castle in the district of Sigmaringen, on the Zollerberg, an Alpine height 3,000 feet above the sea. The remotest ancestor mentioned was Count Thasvilo, who flourished in the eighth century; the family name was nol recorded until 300 years later. The house was divided in the thirteenth century into two branches, the Prankish branch gaining new possessions steadilj and rapidly. Frederic V. was the firsl to bear a princely title, given him bj Emperor Charles IV. Prince Leopold, who was indirectly the cause o; the Franco-German war, is a IIohen7:ollcrn, He had married (lb:Jo) the Infanta Antonia,of Portugal,and the provisional gov ernment of Spain proposed him to the Cortes as a candidate for the throne, France declared that his acceptance would be detrimental to her intpiwsta and demanded that the Ivinc of Prussia should forbid it. Tliii was refused on the ground tha he had no right to give orders to i prince of his house who was of age Leopold voluntarily declined the enndi dature afterward; but France deelarec war, nevertheless, and, as everybody knows, met with the most terrible nnc humiliating defeat in the history of tha nation.?Ne>o York Commercial. A \aw HP HI. A deposit of prccious stones of thi rare kind known as ' golden beryl" h;i recently been found in the Bcrkshin Hills (Mass.) Specimens of this gen are occasionally met with in the hand of collectors, but it has never before bcei found in sufficient quantity to bicom an article of trade. When cut the .stone arc of a beautiful golden color, exceed ing!y hard and of great brilliancy. Mr Kunz, mineralogist of Tiffany & Co pronounces them unsurpassed in purit and beauty. Professor Dana, of Yal College, who recently visited the mines declares it to be a wonderful formatio and the crystals the finest ever seen b him. I understand that the new ger will soon be on the market. ? Town Topiu 5 EARTH THROES. [ I t ANOTHER EXPOSITION OF THE j CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES. i Cyclopean Forces Acting From the 1 Eastern Atlantic?The Earth Like a Peach Drying Up? vuiiii^ca iu i ntj Aiiauuu 3 Perhaps the best exposition of the causes and characteristics of earthquakes , in general, and specially of our Atlantic i seaboard earthquakes, anywhere to be i found is embodied in the address delivi e:ed by Sir William Dawson, President, s of the British Association. This eminent I Canadian scientist, than whom no living i man is better fitted to expound tho forr mation and changes of the earth's crust, f gave the probable history of the forma) tion of the Atlantic Ocean and the conJ tinents which bound it. Assuming that \ the earth's nucleus, or mass, is solid, noti withstanding the plasticity of its under 1 f crust, and that this sub-crust is not in a i Btate of dry igneous fusion, but in that ] t condition of aqueo-igneous or hydro- ' - thermic fusion which arises from the ac- ' t tion of heat on mo st substances. Pro- ( ' fessor Dawson argued that the interior . I j i3ub-crust is not homogeneous, but is > ; composed of two layers?an upper layer i I highly siliceous and of low specific i gravity and a lower layer highly 1 ! charged with iron and igneous rojks. ? It is evident,therefore, that if this be the ' double structure of the earth's under 1 ' crust, when fissures form in the upper ' layer the material of the lower crust is i forced upward by the pressure of the lesi ' supported portions of the former. ' This, of course, would give rise to volcanic phenomena, whica would be explosive or quiet, ns determined by con tact with water. The contraction of the 1 earth's interior by cooling and by the emission of material from below the over crust has caused this crust to bend downward and sidewise, thus forming great bends, lolds ana plications, xnese great foldings, subsequently modified by 1 surface denudation, constitute our mountanges and plateaus. Following this line of reasoning, Sir ' William compares the earth to a stone fruit, such as a plum or a peach,.some1 what dried up. "It has," he says, "a large and intensely hard stone and kernel, a thin pulp made up of two layers? 1 an inner more dense and dark colored, ' and an outer less dense and lighter col1 ored. These constitute the under crust. ; On the outside it has a thin membrane or over crust. In the process of drying 1 it has slightly shrunk so as to produce j ridges and hollows on the outer ciust.and this outer crust has crack d in some places, allowing portions of the pulp to 1 ooze out." Another remarkable fact emphasized by Sir William Dawson is that one cannot look at any geological map of America without perceiving that the Appa1 lachian ridges which intervene between the Atlantic and the St. Lawrance Valley have been driven bodily back by some mighty force acting from the East, and that thpv hftvr> rpsistpd the nressure onlv 1 where (as in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Catskill. region of New York) 1 they have been protected by outlying masses of very old rocks?as seen in the Adirondack region and in Newfound; land. It is worthy of note that though later in culture and civilization than some of the othvr continents, America is, in the view of geologists, "first born among the | continents." "Here," said Agassiz, "was the first dry land lifted out of the waters, here the first shore washed by the ocean 1 that enveloped all the earth beside; and j while Europe was represented only by i islands rising here and there above the sea, America already stretched an unbroken line of land from Nova Scotia to the far West." In the case America, not Europe, is to be regarded as the "Old World." Bearing these data in mind, we can easily see the force of Professor Dawson's conclusions. Coming to the question of future changes in the Atlantic, he says: "The question remains: Has the Atlantic achieved its destiny and finished its course, or are there other rhantres in store for it in the future? The earth's crust is now thicker and stronger than ever before, find its great ribs of crushed and folded rock are more firm and rigid than in any previous period. On the other hand, it is known that movements of elevation, along with local depressions, are in progress in the Arctic regions, and a great weight of i new sediment is being deposited along the borders of the Atlanti , especially I on its western side, and this is not improbably connected with the earthquake shocks and slight movements of depres' sion which have occurred in North America. It is possible that these slow and secular movements may go on r uninterruptedly until considerable changes are produced, but it is quite as likely that they may be retarded or reversed." He adds: ''It is possible, on , the other hand, that after the longperiod ' of quiescence which has elapsed there ( may be a new settlement of the ocean bed, accompanied with foldings of the crust, especially on the western side of the Atlantic, and possibly with renewed volcanic activity on its eastern margiu. , In either case a long time relatively to our limited human chronology may iu' tervene before the occurrence of any marked change."?New York Herald. i ~ Chewing the Cnd. Timmoa n Ram-l sftvs in the New York Tribune: A very large tribe of animals, . of which sheep and cows arc familiar examples, chew the cud. They do so be. cause their peculiar organs of digestion require it. They can get their perfect . nourishment in no other way. They , have, it is said, four stomachs, but the ; statement is not strictly correct, for the entire digestion is done in a single one? r that w hich is called the fourth?the other 3 three being only places for preparatory t work. Their food is swallowed without t | being much chewed: the chewing is to I r-nmo Inter. When this partially chewed . food is swallowed it passes directly into 1 . the first stomach, which serves only to r soak and soften the coarse food. "When 1 j the first has done what it can the food t pa-ses out of it into the second, and then I the cow or sheep is ready to "chew the cud." The second stomach while soaking the food keeps it in motion, and gradually c rolls it up into masses so that in the s small upper part there is fouud an ob3 long solid lump of the size that we reci ogni/.e as the ''cud." This the animal s throws up into the mouth and chews i with evidently as much satisfaction as the e same act of mastication gives us when s we put the most delicate morsels be* - tween our teeth. When it is sufficently . chewed the mass is swallowed and its , place taken by another which has been y rolled up in the meantime. But the e "cud" thus masticated does not return , to the second stomach from which it n came; it passes smoothly into the third, y a place for additional lubrication, and a j then into the fourth, where the true di1.1 gestion begins and end3. POPULAR SCIENCE. In climates having a difference of seventy decrees in temperature between the hot and cold seasons, a railway track of 400 miles is 338 yards longer in summer than in winter. Of course the length of road remains the same, but expansion forces the lengths of metal closer together, making an aggregate closing up of space between tho rails of nearly a yard in each mile. A contagious disease, believed by Prof. Lemaistreto be new, is now very prevalent among the school children of France. It is commonly known as -perleche, and it consists of small ulcers at the corners of the mouth, lasting from two to lour weeks. Prof. Lemaistre has found a microbe which he suspects to be the cause of tho sores, and to be the means of spreading thein through drinking water. A fine specimen of the primitive art of Europe in prehistoric times has been found at Montgaudier by Monsieur Eugene Paignon, and presented to the Paris Acacicmy of Sciences. It is a reindeers antler, bearing carvings showing much idea of form on the part of the ancient artist. Two seals, a fish and three twigs of plants ure engraved on one side, and on the other side are two slender animals, probably eels, three other figures, and an insect. Dr. V. C. Vaughan of the Univerity of Michigan succeeded about a year ago in separating from some specimens of cheese which had produced alarming symptoms in many persons a highly poisonous substance which he named tyrotoxicon (cheese poison). A sample of ice-cream which had made eighteen persons sick also yielded tyrotoxicon. Dr. Vaughan thinks the production of the poison is due dircctly or indirectly to the growth of some micro-organism. On the trans-Caspian railroad in Russia, now approaching Merv, it is claimed that about eight hundred dollars per mile is being saved by the use of ozokerite, or mineral wax. for ties. When purified, multed, and mixed with limestone and gravel, the ozokerite, which is abundant in the vicinity of the railroad, produces a verv crood asDhnlt. This is pressed into shape in boxes, and gives ties which retain their form and hardness even in the hottest weather. A remarkable example of the increase of temperature in th i earth toward the centre has been presented at Pesth, where the deepest artesian well in the world is that now being bored for the purpose of supplying the public baths and otner establishments with hot water. A depth of 2,120 feet has already been rcached, and it furnishes 176,060 gallons daily, at a temperature of 158 degrees. The municipality have recently voted a largo subvention, in order that the boring may be continued to a greater depth, not only to obtain a larger volume of water, but at a temperature of 176 degreea. The discovery that heat influences one set of nerve points in the skin, while sensations of cold are received by another set, has been followed by an interesting investigation by two Italian physiologists, whose experiments teem to indicate that the various tastes result from the exciting of distinct sets of nervefibres in the tongue. The prolonged application of ice removed the sensibility for all tastes?sweet, sour, salt and bitter. Cocaine destroyed?temporarily, of course?sensibility tor bitter only. Other substances, such us caffeine and morphia, reduced the power of discriminating betwe?n the different degrees of bitter. Dilute sulphuric acid had a peculiar effect, causing distilled water and even quinine to taste sweet at the tip of the tongue. although ths bitter of the qui nine was elsewhere tasted as usual. Amazing: Speed of the Pigeon. The much belauded steam engine, the motive powers of which have constantly to be tended and renewed, is but a poor contrivance by the side of the pigeon, which, with hiB self-contained mechanism. can not only travel at amazing speed, but can "stay'' for an extraordinary period. The performance of the pigeons which lately flew from London to Brussels is abounding. They were loosed from their baskets, some 300 travelers in all, at 10:2) a. m., on Sunday, and they completed the journey of lao miles within a minute of 4 o'clock, having flown the distance in live hours and forty-one minutes?ihat is to tay, they went 360 half-miles in 340 minutes? more than a mile in two minutes, and this sustained for nearly six hours. It is lo be assumed that they lost no distance and that they went the shortest way to Brussels; but it is reported that they encountered a severe storm on their passage, and every man who has battled against a high wind well understands what that means. It is obvious that in fair weather, to say nothing of wha: might have been done with a favorable breeze, very much better time could have been made. As it is, the speed of these pigeons, kept up fcr 180 miles, is almost equal to the average time in which the winner of the Derby runs his race, and is superior to the time which some few winners have made; it is. indeed,almost e jualtothe be<t record of a racehorse over a mile, that recoid being about one minute and forty-two seconds; for no one now places the slightest faith in the legends of Eclipse and his mile a minute. The American trotting mare Maud S.has covered a mile in two minutes eight and three-quarter second*. The best time made by a man is Georgo's four minutes twelve and three-quarter seconds; but it is the endurance of these pigeons that makes their work so wonderful. Migratory birds, of course, come infinitely greater di-tances, though it is necessarily impossible to estimate their speed. ?London Standard. A Mexican Postofflce. The Mexican postofficc department i9 a rather 9hnky concern in some respects, but a lady correspondent of the Pitts btirgH JJupaicn, writing irum iuc ui Mexico, say9 the oficials take the belt for courtesy, or words to that effect: There never were as polite postoffice officials as in the City of Mexico, I am sure. When I first reached there, the Postmaster General, who speaks a little English in such a fascinating manner, told me he would give me a lock box. "No, senor," I replied, "it's too much trouble to carry the key." "Then, senorita," he answered, "the clerks shall carry the key and you shall s-till have the box." So, for five mouths I used the letter box, and at the end was told that no pay would be accepted; they felt honored because I used it, etc. Noi could the head man outdo his clerks in courtesies. With cap in hand the letters were handed out. If overdue charges were on them, they refused to accepl more. If the mail was light, or the train had failed to make connections with E! Paso, and in consequence we would be out of mail one day, and would express disappointment, they would feel sorry, nnd their sympathy, so courteously expressed, would more than heal our disappointment. and make us think thatw< could do without letters many days it order again to see those black eyes softer and look all sorts of unutterable things. 7 THE HOME DOCTOR Scarlet Fe/er. There is more effected by good nur+1 in?, than by medicinc in nearly all caaef of scarlet fever. It is essential that the nurse be one who has had experience of or who has been a close observer of cases of this kind. In fact, it is true of all fevers, that good and intelligent nursing is the best security against their fatal termination. Nor is it advisable to change nurses if it ran be avoided. The nurse should have all the details of the case under her own charge; she should not be heavily clothed, but should wear as little as possible, should change it every day and have it washed or thoroughly aire J. Neither should she ; make a dressing ro~>m of the sick room, but should make her toilet aud keep her dresses in an adjoining room, where , ' there is any possibility of doing so. Towels, blankets, sheeis, curtains, everything that in any way comes in contact with the patient should be kept entirely separate until they are thoroughly boiled and aired. Th s is essential to the health of. the household, often to the whole neighborhood. The room should be kept thoroughly ventilated, by keeping open a window in the adjoining room or by some arrangement attached to the window of thi sick . room which will allow the ingress and egress of air without a draft; its temperature should be kepi at about sixty degree, and regulated by a thermometer. If the room receives its heat from a furnace, the hot air should be made to pass over a pail of water containing either Labariaquc's solution of Piatt's Chlorides, and a towel with one end dipped in such a solution should be tacked over the register. If there be a stove, or, better than 'all, an open grate,t these solutions can be placed near by, bo as to be readily evaporated and distributed throughout the :oom. The chamber should always contain some such solution in which to receiye the excreta. A small quantity of urine shoujd daily be col.ccted in a < lean vessel for the doctor's examination. It it usual to anoint the child with some greasy substance- this allays the intense itching or prickling, which is most annoying; it softens t. e skin, which is inflammed and swollen; it depresses tho fever to a certain extent, and it serves to collect thp scales, which, if shed, serve as carriers of contagion, and which are .'.'./H usuallyshed in flnk..s. The child should have its mouth wasacd once or twice daily, as also other parts of its body, for purposes of cleanliness, and the water used can contain either i abarraque's solution or vinegar f.isterine, and possibly the doctor will ordi-r the frequent use of .3 the hand-spray, such as is employed with coiozne, using some iruuu uiaiuicwunn. for the throat in these cases. Scarletina, as far as we know at the present time, only comes from previous cases of the diseas". Cle.inliness not only lessens the danger of serious complications, which are often fatal, and mitigates the severity of an attack, but it is the great germ-destroyer, and prevent* the spread of this dread disease in households.?HalV* Jourivil of Health. f Health Hints. Tea is not a good drink for dyspeptics; indeed, it is a most frequent cause of this disease. Dr. E. G. Janeway, of New York city, acting on the suggestion Of a country practitioner, has given frozen milk to patients whose stomachs did not?tolerate ice cream, and speaks highly of its use iu fevers. . , . J A physician says: "When a teaspoonful of warm honey is taken every fifteen, twenty and thirty minutes, it has a surprising effect on cat:irrh. Every family should have a glass of pure honey in the house, in order at once, after catching cold, to be able to use some." Daniel R. Clymsr, ex-Mayor of Readins. Penn., gives the following recipe for obtaining undisturbed slumber: Onions inhaled causa sleep, rest, and repose. The soldier on his ma ch and the exhausted iron-worker get great strength from eating the onion. Tie a fresh onion around the neck, and bruise it to make its odor thorough, and you secure sound sleep from its nightly inhalation. ' 'V'ii A Sensational Duel. That was a sen>atir,nal duel fought in Paris in 1815, between the Bonapartist Colonel Barbier-Dufal and a young Captain of the Royal Guard. The two aa versaries were put into a coacn ana bound together so that only the right arm of each was left free, and in each right hand was placed a long, keen dagger. Then the doors of the coach were closed, and before being opened again it wa.?, according to the terms of the duel, driven deliberately three times around the Palace Carrousel. The seconds sat on the box. in the coachman's place. When the doors were opened the young Captain was found dead, Eierced by many deep wounds. Colonel1 iufal was in little better plight, having received three terrible thrusts in the breast, and his whole left cheek having been torn off by the teeth of his adversary. Nevertheless, the tough old Colonel got well, and even before he was quite cured, fought two more duels, one with Colonel de St. Mo ys and the other with General Montlegier, in each case gravely wounding his man and himself escaping unharmed. History of the ' Chestnut." Tlie word "cncsrnut' win sureiy nave to pro into the next edition of the unabridged dictionary. The history of thw bit of slang has been a queer one. Its origin will never be definitely known, although a do/en stories of it have been told. Three years ago the word was in common use among printers in Boston, in its slang sense, and from the composing rooms it came down to the editorial floors. After a good deal of u-e inside the various newspiper offices it naturally got into print. The great array of newspaper readers quickly captured it, and within a year it wus in general use. For two years pa3t it has , been everywhere common throughout the country. Then some genus had a bright idea and ovohel the chestnut bell. It made its first appearance in Baltimore or Pittsburg about July 1, and it took it over two months to get to Boston, I and about the same time to get to unij cago and the "West.?S^msroiUe Journal. Tiie Ladies. I am the boss of the entire shop, And, you bet, I make the girls all hop? I am the forelady. From 8 until 6 I yell out "Cash!" And I seldom fail to make a ''mash"? I am the saleslady. When I'm very mad I spoil the flsh, And I sometimes smash a china dish? I am the cooklady. I dose the baby to keep it still, And I very often make it ill? i I am the nurselady. My stock in trade is water and soap, 1 A'wringing machine and piece of rop?? I am the washlady. ?King't County Journal^