Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

DAY AND NIGHT. I. When drowsy Day draw3 round his bed The Tyriac tapestries of gold and red And weary of his flight, Blows out the palace light? ? La ui^uu: It. When languid Night, awakening yawn, Leaps down the moon-washed stair the dawn. In trailing disarray. Sweeping the dews a way? 'Tis day! ?Indianapolis Jon An Adventure at Zu In tlic northwestern corner o Me\i c and nestling in one of the valleys that dot those great des found the Indian village of Zuni. A it are h'crh table-lands and "buttes'' so peculiar to the AVes not far away the horizon is boun< the Zuni .Mountains, a part of th< continental backbone. Emigrant: gradually settled wherever a fertil ley has invited a plow-shsre, o.- a hillside a ranch, bat this reservati< for the most part remained intact. The village where the Zuni fo: dwelt was built upon the top of s which stands near by in the rosen It was an impregnable stronghoh for untold centuries these people 1 against the hostile tribes uro nd The meadows along the river at tli of the butte suppl.ed their want little labor, and as fast as the ha ripened, they were stowed away granaries upon the top of the mou But in their security they lost thei j like qualities, and just in proporl agriculture and the ruder arts prog among them, they have grown lei age and more timid. Their houses are built of ston sun-baked brick, with the en through the roof, just as they ^ thousand years ago. The house] climbs up on a ladder, and then it up after him. The dwellings wi constructed at first as a prec against enemies, and even now, wi the protection tin Federal Cover; can give, the custom is often use the following incident will show. In August, 1831, a party of youn connectcd with the Territorial si was stationed for several weeks a place. The day before their air Dand of marauding Mexicans hade the border, and made a raid upc adjacent ranches, and driven awaj ponies aud cattle. T/.eZuni, liav.i covered from their fright a3 soon i Mexicans disappeared with the 1 had hastily summoned their white ] bor and were organizing fo:~ pursui But there we; e only a few g od we In the who?e par.y, and when the ; men arrived with their rifles and revolvers, they were requested tc them to the Zuni Indians during tfc days neccssarv for pursuit. Owi the bad feeling which univeraall; vails against the thieving border icans,and the hospitable reception had been accorded the young men were easily persuaded to lend their One of them, however, refused t< with his rifle, and several of thei tained their revolvers, while all< the Indians to take their other ar; aid in recapturing their property. The following day, while the 3 men were scattered about the town, reading, some sketching the quait jecta around them, they were st: Suddenly by a woman howling screaming from one of the hous Immediately the cry was caught n repeated, as other women hurrie upon their houses, until it seeniec the whole town had gone mad. one end of the village to the other the cries; eight hundred women children howling, screaming, b; their breasts, and tearing their hail The young men gathered at their in alarm, and inquired the cause < uproar. A band of Apache3 was co The women had espied them som tance down the river, creeping stec upon the town. Evidently thej learned that the men were away, tired of being good, they had p\ war-paint, left their reservation ii coin county, and were out on a iaey were coming now 10 ouitui - defenceless women and children, carry off whatever plunder they - find. There was a hurried consult gome of the young men advised tha ihould mount their horses and esc! quickly aa possible, leaving the \ and children to look out for thems lor if they remained, what defence half-a-dozen boys, armed withrevc make against seven times that num men? " But one young fellow, whom w call Stonewall W .remonstrated hemently against dese.ting the v and children that the rest of the i yielded, and they resolved to remu . _ make what defence they could. I collecting their weapons and amor they climbed upon one of the h houses in the village, and dr^w tl der after them. There, sheltered \ ? . the"raised defences of the roof, would be most secure, and able some damage to the asailant*. The party of A] aches could b< plainly in the clear atmosphere o region yet some distance down the but approaching still, one behiu other, in true Indian file. It is no disparagement to those men to say that they were thoro frightened. It is one thing to r brave deeds and danger faced seated safely at home, but quite ai to find yourself in the heart of a country, with twos.ore of painte ages creeping upon you. It wj death r.louc that Apaches might i but torture and mutilation too he to mention. It is doubtful if there exists a i more devoid of human feeling, cruel and fiendish, than these A Indians. Formerly, in their long m; across the country, they would k ! ^ old and infirm when they began j a peuu men piujjiuas; miu un uut* nui; when a squaw could carry n> mc her husbaud's trappings on accoi the pappoose in her arms, the fathc the child from her, and swing! about him by the heeU, dashed its against the ground; then pointing luggage moved on. While the young men were wal the approaching Indians, some on< denly remembered that two whiter and an infant were in a house o the town, and in the direction of tl ages. They were wholiy unconsci impending danger, and unless w wnnlrl cnvelv fnil into th? hands f SB. Apache?. BBh But how were they to be inforn HB it? At that distance they could no a chII, and a pistol shoe would c BB tract their notice. K The house stood in the level ? about a mile from ths village, thousand yards or more from a defi the rocks through which the apprc ing Indians would have to enter the downy Icy. Already the savages hnd d pearcd behind the rocks and stu shrubbery beyond the pass, and in a minutes more they would be in the ley. While they hesitated. Stonewall W sprang up, and declaring that he w see no woman murdered without ma with a aa effort to save her, threw the lu over tbe wall and began to descend, way of in hand, for it was he who had reta his rifle. His companions called to to conic back, that it was too lat reach the women and return b.fon >-3 i.~ i.:_i memos wuuiu uu ujiuu mm. rnal. But they might as well have calle a whirlwind. Every spark of chh was aroused iu the voung min, and .nL | he ki own th? Apaehcs would caj hira, it .'s doubtful if he would hav< turned then. f New In ar.oth'-r moment he was upon fertile horse, flying across the plain toward erts, is solitary house. As his compan i.round watched him from the housetop. those broke into a hearty cheer. It was t t, and a gallant dei'd. A soldier may ch ied by the cannon's mouth without flinc! I great when two armies arc watching, anc i have know.i h:3 gallantry will be blnzone le val- the world; but to dare such fiend grassy these, almost alone in the great wi! >n has ness, for the sake of two unkn women, was truly ntroic. rmerly These women were the wife and dai i butte ter of a rr.an named Dan Dubois, ration, man hsd come from Wheeling, "V 3, and Virgin a, a number of years before, leld it having married a Mexican women, them, tied here upan the /uni River. e foot Throughout the frontier country 3 with bois had make such a name for bra1 irvcsts an(j daring that his presence carried n in th: terror to Indians and thieving Mexii ntain. than a whole regiment of soldiers. M r war- marve'ous feats are credited to him, ion as certain it is that he could draw hi< ressed volver and shoot so quickly that the is sav- could not detect the movement of hand. He rarely missed his aim, e and fear was unknown to h:m. trance The Mexican woman whom he mar urerc a Was of a family that for generations bolder suffered from "the Apaches. Her an draws tors as far back as the records show ere so been killed by them, and the nat aution timidity of the Mexican had been sc ith all tensified in her that the sight of ument Apache was sufficient to throw her ful, as terror. Stonewall's companions watched g men fjdden across the interver irveys p]ajn t0 Dubois' house: they saw 1 ,t this 8prjD? fjom his horse and enter the ho1 1 ? and as vet the Apachcs had not appei. ros?;d in the pass. in the ?.j foim(i the Mexican woman enga some jn gome household work," said Stonei afterward, "while the baby was pla) 13 near her on the floor. Her daughie handsome girl of sixteen years, ae.'gh- j eated by the door thrumming a gui 4 "Run for your lives!' I said; 1 cipons Apache3 are coming !' young -'Snatching the baby in her arms, ?avy woman dashed out of the door, n< ' ? pausing for a question nor once look iefe.w back for the girl. ing to tlj turne(] to follow her, for each : ? F'c ment I was expecting to near tne yell the Indians about the house, but gl? w ' ing back, I observed the girl cast ? ey after her mother such a look of scor arms, j jjave never seen on any other face, ; ) Part instead of following, she quickly t m ,re" down a lifle from the wall and faste >wmg a cartridges about her waist, as to o']iun!' I colled to ber in Span: thinking she had not understood; ' foung are in the pass!' some not run <> s},e replied,in Sj lt , " isli; 'I will fight them here!' artled "Frightened as I was, I almost for aQ the danger in admiration for this g ptops. gQrn 0f a iviexican woman, she was a ji an<7 with her Virginia father's blood. A; . .?u* ment before I had been thoroug L scared, but her spirit was contagi< * rom and now I wa3 heartily ashamed of aros,e fears. i and . ,? t .t vj ? rememyereu now iuuuvo iiearu ^ ^ th:s girl at the fort, and that she wt fine shot with the rifle. 44 'I'llremain with you,'I said, for * . ? man could have left so brave a girl ml"?' fight alone. No time was to be 1 Uhilv an<* we <lu'-cklF barricaded the he l j door, ~T "Nothing further was said, but i ?na, nervous movements showed y .ou alive for the fray, and I do not 1 -j" lieve a thought of fear had crossed "a. and "The door securely fastened, could climbed out upon the top of the hoi which, like those of Zuni, was flat ation. had a stone parapet for defence. As tthey came out above, the leaders of jpe as Apaches were just appearing through ,-omen defile in the rocks. To approach us t id ves; would have to pass over a thousand j> could level plain, an(l with the two rifles >lvers hoped to do some execution among tl ber of ^ef?re t^ey reached the house, and t defend oursehe*ns long as possible f e will behind the wall upon the roof. sove- "When the savages had entered jromen va^ey they paused a3 in consultat TViu'orn tArtv.tljIPA nf thpm T ( party [ W-' *? " v~? in and were evidently surprised at sei'inj Iastiiy j w^itc man there, and w ere considei nition i ^ were Dubois, f?r had they jVjiest | thought him to be in pursuit of ie*lad-1 Mexicans, they would not have venti tchind ' to ma^e an attai k. they ! "Presently they began to advance 1 to do cautiously, creeping upon the grou?< j as to expose as little of their person: 2 seen possible to our fire. i this '"They knew the man they saw river, ! not Dulois. I was aware that wo \ id the ! in imminent danger, with scarcely j chance against those savages, but young thrilled was I by the bravery and de u^hly ; mination of the girl standing near end of : that I did not feel afraid. She had while j spoken since our coming unon the ho lother J top, but, dressed in her Indian costu wild | was standing,rifle in hand, watching d sav- pai. ted forms us they crawled nea *s not' nir lips compressed,and her tine Spai nflict, ! eyes flashing as it' she had been s< -I I I ?:i J ? ? C 1 T /tartar) nr. JrriUiG . nu auiuiai av wajr. x \.aiiiv.a cm v.\ j lent rifle, and he itating no longer, ? [Hjople : at one of the savages. A little c!ou< more dust showed where the ball had str pache the a'kaline sand near a .<age bu-.li s< itrches feet from the Indian. A derisive ill the was the only re-pon<e. to im- j ' 'Bad shot!' said the girl, aad tali asion, 1 adeliberate aim, she fired. Noshout >re of swered her rifle, for one of the Ind int of I was wounded. They seemed soraew r took ' discom erted by this, and paused ag ng it then, spreading out their lin , bega! head approach once more. to his j "Presently there was a whiff of sm I among them, and a ball whistled so i ;ching ! my head that instinctively I dodt ; sud- The girl laughed at me. The Apa< vomen evidently had the best rifles made, utsidc they knew how to use them. We fc te sav- j shielded ourselves somewhat behind ous of1 mranet. nmed, I ' I was sufficiently acquainted -v >f the Indian tactic3 to know that when t had approached in fair range of our r led of; they would make a rush for the ho t hear and under the shelter of the walls tr lot at- break through the door or climb uj where we were. plain, ''That our last hour had come I cc and a not doubt, and it was horrible to tt I lc in of dyin^ by those fiends and being cut iach- to pieces afterward. val- ''But the girl stood observing them as h, isnp- coolly as though they had been rabbits, of nted waiting till they should be within better fir , few range of her rifle before wast'ng more pi val- ammunition. I was preparing to fire bf again, for in another moment the savages th might rush upon the house, when a clatould ter of hoofs sounded behind us, and ca king turning, I saw Dan Dubois galloping up. th dder "The girl hurried down, and letting jb rifle her father in, both were with mc in an- ab ined other moment. Springing upon the par- l,i him apet in full view of the savages. Dubois th c to opened a rapid fire upon them. Instantly w] ; the they recognized him, and began a ha<ty 3a retreat. The distance was so great d to that little damage was done among them, q fairy but quite a number, as was afterward j -,f had learned, were slightly wounded. 20 iture "The rest of Dubois' party was only a I J re- short distance behind with the recap- j tured ponies and cattle. As soon as they 0f i his reached the town they started after the (n. the! Apaches, and some miles away from ja lions I Zu:ii joined apartyof troops under Lieut. ^ they ! Gilfoyle, who, having learned that the ^ ruly Indiana had left their reservation, was in . jjy lirge pursuit of them. liing "The fight which followed a few days 1 he later is a matter of history not necessary [ d to to relate here. Before being overtaken, P 3 as the Apaches had murdered and scalped j?1 der- forty men, women and children. In J ( own every instance the heart was taken out, j and the body itself was mutilated in u j igh- most shocking manner.''?Youth'a Coin . l'his jwtion. ?.r Cocf ? I and Evolntion?Dissolution. ot s"" Stray Leaves from a very Ready Let- 8j ter Writer: ti( Newport, June 1, 1886. /ery Miss Brown: ' colore May 1 have the pleasure of your company cans at the yacht race on Friday next' P( ?nv Very respectfully, U( Virgil O'Doud. w ' re" Newport, June 10, 1886. e7e My Dear Miss Brown: his Cur friend, Miss Jones, gives a garden and party Tuesday. I should be more than h: pleased if you would consent to go with me. to j Hoping that it will be agreeable to you, ^ "e, 1 am very truly yours, j, had Viroil O'Doud. * ces had Newport, June 20, 1886 dt ural MrS3 Mart: dt Please accept the flowers I send you by bearer on this, your birthday. My best gj, . an wishes accompany the flowers. into Yours truly, 'a Viroil O'Doud. fa , . ul .im Newport, July 2,1886. so 'l.no Dear Miss Mart: th t"m The plan of reading together would be do- c use. lightful to me. I am sure" we will appro- . ,re(j ciate Howell's more that way. le! Very truly your friend, pi , Viroil O'Doud. ce ged ????? yg Newport, July 13,1? 86. ie| n r? T\i?i b W i ov' r. a Excuse the informality, but something in m' was y?ur e7es ^ast 0ven'"g told me, or seemed to ar' , tell me a secret. May I not call to-night and efl ascertain whether I was mistaken? to the Yours always, f., VlRGIL O'd. cP the 811 Jver Newport, July 14, 1886. to Mr Own Darling: ' ? I was not mistaken, after alL I cannot jr( tell you how happy I am I snatch time to mo- write you these few lines, assuring you of 3 of my undying affection. inc. Forever thine, fo: Virgil. ce ilD?f fg] n a? Newport, August 1, 1886. tn and dear Mart: wf uok Of course you know that I respect your 01 ned mother and all that, but you can hardly ex- Bf me to love all your attachment*. pr . , Yours always, fir l3?. Virgil O'D. " the t0 Newport, August 15,1886. j11' ?an- Dear Miss Mary: to Aft?r the cool way you treated mo last sy! , i evening I can hardly believe that the same th ? j relations exist between us. "Will you not *?] [il l. write and set my misgivings at rest. , ifire Very truly your friend, P1' mo- Virgil O'Doud. an ;hly M1B Newport, August 24, 18S6. Miss Mary: my After our reconciliation I fondly hoped there would be no more trouble, but the J"? of marked preference you showed that English p>< l3 a dude, Chawles Jenkins, at the hop last night, ali makes me doubt whether you have any re- qtr gard for me at alL no Yours truly, * 1 i to Virgil O'Doud. be ost, AI avy Newport, August 27, 1886. (fi Dif*R Miss BrOwn: di: l Your letter received. I shall be governed a ' ? entirely by your wishes in the matter. , her Very truly yours, be- Virgil O'Doud. tin her C-c Newport, September 1,1886. toi Miss Brown: we Invitation to your marriage to Mr. Charle9 < use, Jenkins received. I shall be delighted to | ' and witness the ceremony. Sorry that you will . ho we not be here to attend my marriage with Miss vil 4.i,? Smith. foi ^ Very respectfully, .v., the Virgil O'Doud. ; ? - m ;hey ?Walter Kennedy, in L,\je. -~ irds be cgi 1 we How Long; the Drowned Remain Under ' hen " Wftter* do The New York Herald says of the pro- wt rm ce s^through which the body of a drowned be man must pass before it will rise and oc . float on the surface, and how many days th: Up' the body will retrain at the bottom Id pU T * hot weather: me ? In hot weather the process of the de- sn; not ve'0Pment of oftS 'n a body un(^er water co the (w^ct^'-r sa^ or fresh) tak;.*s place very |>e red rapidly i? all the soft stru;tures, but bu especially in the intestiues, causing a co: distention of the abdomen, and, cmse- ch j Sq quently, an expulsion of water from the wi } ag stomach and of blooi from the heart, is ; while ultimately the air passages are "L clcared of any obstruction. The precise me was chemical process by which this gas is j cai vere formed depends, of course, somewhat on ' ole f a the c.( ntents of the stomach, though J clc 80 probably carbonic acid and nitrogen arc j be! tfcr" among the chief pro 'ucts of the gaseous ' thi mcs putrefaction going on. The time re- I dii not quired fcr a drowned body to float varies hu use* greatly. In some well-attested cases the ow m.e' bodv has risen to the surface wi'.hin three | L)u tlie j days, but generally this occurs between a at r?r' the fourth and ninth days. The process the 1 of decomposition is usually thought to Pc be more rapid in fresh than in salt water, for ircd ? stu ] c{ Facts About the Stars. all uck Alpha Centaurii, the leading star in . ?me the constellation of the Centaur, is the lt; yell nearest star to the earth.so far as known. n 0 Itsdistance is usuallyplaccd at from '20,- af ;ing 000,000,000,000 to :>y)00,000,000,000 str an- miles from the earth. A star called 'no inns Sixty-one Cvgni is classed as second in 5t.? hat distance, being put at 54.780,999,000,000 nIc [?n; miles distance from our globe. IVIost of i :o the stars, liowe er, are millions of times farther away from us than these. J.ight ' oke travels about 180,000 miles in every sec- J icar oad of time, and yet with this incon- | ?a3 jcd. ccivable rapid velocity it would take ! 'nr :hes light about twelve years to traverse the a9 and space separating us from that star. From crt ' ----- a!-- -1 i.i,^ i:?I mo ?0tH tlie grcarer pornon ui iuc smra ugu?. ?the would b.> many centuries in reaching us. W1 That is to say in these particular in ^e' vith stances, the stars which we see arc not tjy hey the stars as they exist to-night, but as Y? iflcs Ihey existed before Columbus sailed on { use, his voyage of discovery, or even before y to the creation of Adam. J"01 > to . ? ^ar There is a church to every 1,230 inhab>uld itants of Cincinnati, and a saloon tc tui link every 10'J. J co' POPULAR SCIENCE. Recent investigation!! bv Dr. R. voi ilmholtz, with regard to the formatioi cloud in saturated ai r, are said to con m the explanation given by Profesisa f-ndall that the sky is indebted for it ue Qolor to particles cf dust flouting ii e air. The summit of the great' Mexican vol no, Popocarapetl, is 17,800 feet abovi o sea. The crnter, which is eomplel el; iscured within by sulphurous vapom, i out miles in circumference urn D00 feet deep. The entire centre o e mountain stems to be B">lid sulphur i'ch is dej o itcd at the rate of a ton i yIn the latitude of New Yo.k, Prof. P Penhallow lia< found the proporlioi water in trees and shrubs to vary ac rding to the;e general laws: 1. Th iter in woody plants is not constant fo [ seasons, and depends upon eondit'on growth. 2. It is in greatc-t amoun te in May or early in .Mine, and least ii ,^uary. '6. It is greatest proportion ii e sap wood: least in that which is older "When plants grow rao?t rapidly the; tve most wate\ Professor Lewis M. Kaupt. of tins l.'ni irsity of Pennsylvania, proposes to ap y his new system for the automatic im ovemeiit of rivers and harbors to th . opening of the wafer over the 1 a:: i cdney's Channel in New York hnrboi he plan is for a tioatirg dam, anchorei r heavy guys to the oott >n?, with tw more shields arranged in a directio ther transverse or oblique to the lin the current. The system ba^ the ad intake of being com; arativcly inrxpec ve and also capable of ready applies on. There is a growing disposition amon lientific men to discuss the "st-a sei ;nt-' as a c:eature whose existence! i )t at all improbable. The discover ithin recent ye.irsof the giant squids c ie Atlantic, soma of which may attai length of fifty feet.is cited as a clenioc ration that lar^e marine animals ma ive escaped the attention of science eve the present day, Only an ignorant c loughtlcss individual, indeed, wc-uli ire assert that there may not be soni ;scendanl3 of the monsters of cretacooi lys even now lurking in the oee > rpths. The Gorman Parliament has under cot ieration a bill that is intended to regt te the employment of lead in the tnanu cture of cooking and other domesti ensils, and so diminisih the risk of poi ning by that metal. The provisions c :s measure forbid the use of vessel ntaining more than-ten per cent, c id in their composition for the abov irposes. No alloy with over one pe nt. may be used in crating iron article ed in cookery. Solder may consist c id to one-tenth of itsi amount, but n ore. Enamrls into which lead enter e treated with equal stringency. Th feet of this bill, if it be passed, will b obliterate the legal existence of pew r and soft solder as at present made ice these alloys contain from one-hal one-fourth their weight of lead. The tendency to substitute steel fo >n wherever possible was never stronge an at present. Throughout Pennsyl nia and the West a number of plant r the pneumatic process have been re ntly established, and in Tennessee ex asivc preparations are; now in prog res r converting the pure magnetic ore the North Carolina mountain;! iint issemer steel. The trial of the ne^ ocess known as the "dephosphorize >n" or 4-basic'' process by the Potts wn Iron Company ha:i been very sfitis itory, and it can be profitably a pplic* the iron deposits of the Appalachiai 3tem, which contains phosphorus. Ii e manufacture of nails, steel is rap diking the place of iron, as steel-aai ites can be produced at a cheaper rate d tbo produce i3 of a superior quality An Indian Potlatch Party. Autumn is the happiest lime of th ar to the Indian. Then he earns mone; ;king hops, fruit, etc. The woods ar vc with fat grouse and other game vams throng with salmon and moun a. trout. An hour's walk along th ach will half fill a coui>e with clam* )jve all it is the season of potlr.tcl ee gifts). The man or woman wishing itinction in that line notifies all friend d relatives to assemble at some p!ac< signate 1. From Vancouver Island ane e British snainlaud come ''Kinj iorge*' Indians, followed by tlicir "J3os l" brethren in eighty-foot canoes al e way from Alaska. Across mountaii lils come others or, gayly trappec rses. When all are assembled th? in :er distributes as presents money jd, dry goods, blankets, etc., as long* b stock holds out. Every guest give every other guest, the entertainer nlom ing prohibited by etiquette from re iving. At a potlatch I attended an ole >man gave away $2,000 all in silve liars. For years she had gone in rags i3hed at logging camps, worked o gged wherever possible to save for th.i: casion. She gave away the blanket at formed her bed. As the last canoi lied away she hailed it to wait a mo :nt. Back she ran to the camp fire itched off a little old iron kettle o; oking fish and gave that, too, lcavina rself destitute of everything on eartl t the wretched rags upon her back. A; mpcnsation she enjoys the ho: or o ief potlatch until excelled by anothei th more means and ambition. Then much fun at this family reunion anc liyu sapolili" (plenty flour;. Uy daj ? 1 < ?-1. on/3 ;u Hum, Hsu, ^auiuo, uviuuv ioc race and gamble. Women visil 1 friends, sew uj> their newly rcceivec ithes, knit socks and recite legends. Il ing a peculiarity of the coast Indian.' it they never put burden bearing oi tv work upon their women, everj ntcr at evening brings in and cooks his n game. Women bake biscuits in itch ovens, roast potatoes in hot ashes 3 make great boilers of coffee. Aftei ;ir feast a fire is built worth seeing, rhaps young men have gone into the est, hunted up ;m enormous p!tch-pin? imp, and brought it clown the river or their canoes laslitd together. Some ics a dozen men are needed to unload Children pile high other resinous ods. Crackling, roaring, the fire leapn high as pine tree lops and throws ange shadows on the dark forest or oniit river. The people dance, tell rips and sing native songs far into the flit.?Sni Fmhcinco Chronicle. The Opal Cannot He Imitated. There is no difficult)- in imitating any the precious stones except the opal," rs a New York dealer. ''The chang:,the evcr-voiying colors in that stone, the light upon it changes, have hith0 proved more than a match for the >st skilful copyists. But opals, notthstanding their beauty, arc in small mand, the belief in the superstition it they bring ill-luck is so prevalent. hi may s-arcely believe it, but there arc jrcat many people in this very city 10 would not accept on opal to-day if 1 would make them n present of it. ] icy the belief has its oirtli in the fact it opals are so brittle and liable to frac e. More than one-half are broken in urse of setting. POLISH JEWS. i i . HOW AND WHERE THEY I r IN NEW YORK, n I Interesting Peculiaritiesjof a Un ? People?A World by Theraselvi ?Bnsy Scenes in a Swarml: iujf Communitr. Y 3 J Although much has been written f cerning trie Polish Jews in this i many of their characteristics have i II been described. There are between 000 and 90,000 Jews in New York, thirds of whom are probably Poles, i having no less than 136 Congrega - of their own. e Although they can be found in i r other localities, their great centre s the east side of the city, where, t north of East Broadway, in Lud n Hester, Essex, Norfolk, Forsyth o Broome streets, they manage sorai to pack the greatest number of li y souls within the smallest given spac thrifty Pole rents a room in a tene .. on Broome street, which in dimensio i. about six feet by fifteen. He detern i- to take boarders and make money. e incjnvcnience to his family is a ? n consideration when weighed with profits of his undertaking. He tf j therefore, from eight to ten boarder o the case may be, furnishing them d mattresses to sleep upon, and a bov t coffee every morning for one dollai [. head a week. It they wish milk [. sugar in their coffee, and a roll tc k. with it they must supply that tl selves. This is no exaggeration. 1 g rooms are often occupied by thirty-* f. persons. u The Polish Jew has the econom y living do^yn to an exact- science. < times the boarders club together t< t tain for a small consideration the p [. lege of cooking upon the premise j their hoit. Imagine eight or ten i t congregated around an oven or stov ,] a room which is used as kitchen, p J and general bedchamber, each coo ( in his private saucepan fish, pota t, garlic, turnips and various other ed 5 and you will have the quintessenc the odor peculiar to the Polish Jews k. The streets in the Polish quarte at all times crowded. Licensed vc t. wagons occupy the corners. Men t old clothing for sale, peddlers of nol [. and lemonade venders walk in the ] ,1 die of the street crying their wares. I, sidewalks are obstructed by tailors 1 ing for work. East and west of Lu; , street, Hester street is a busy scene, i, shops are mostly sidewalk affairs,tei ;< by old men or women, and in some >j stances youog girls. c I It is a common thing to see two t erable Hebrews accentuating their sp , with bony fingers in the vain hop i gaining an advantage over each oth >. the trading of commodities. It i . Friday and Saturday nights that ] neighborhood puts on its busiest as] The streets are then so crowded t swarming life that the pedestrian ' grrcat difficulty in threading his I through them. The Jews are out in | day attire. Every man, even the p ' est, sports a huge watch and chain. ' women are decked with necklaces, 1 ets, breastpins and flashy rings. , would think they had despoiled all ' jewelry shops in the city, in imitatio the feut of their foiefathers in des ing the Egyptians. The Pole must! chicken upon holy day-!. He is coi to live upon dried herring and scraj a the rest of the week. "Knowing propensity, some cunning Hebrews 3 up chickens at cheap wholesale pr 3 and sell them at a great advance. ' The traits described are the dark c " actcristic or tne t'oie. L.ec us iO' ' little into his better nature. The w ' chanced to bo passing down Brc street when his attention was attra by a large crowd in front of the t 0 ment No. 203. A hearse and two y riages stood in front. The window B both side* of the street were throi > with Jewish faces. On the sidewal * old Jewess, bent with age, was wal e back and forth, jingling a little tin * in her hand. Into this the bystar 3 were unsparingly throwing small i 'although some, from their appean 3 could hardly afford the charity. T? ? a custom of the Jews, who at ever; * neral solicit aid in this manner for ? poor, in order that they may bury * dead. A small pine coffin was ca 1 out by two bearded men and place J the hearse. Presently a woman appe * in the doorway of the tenement wi * I shawl thrown over her shoulders > wenringadirty calico gown. She ? I 1 * iV/> * no xmi tu uuyui < tuo uicutivtiwv* 3 which fell in disorder upon 3 shoulder3. She was ft wi * and her only son, a boy of tw * years, had b^en taken from her. r was poor, pitiably so, but at her sid > this hour of her trial, were many sy r thetic women, whose eyes were str 3 ing with tears, lending her all the a 5 their power. Hatleas she entered 3 second carriage and followed her sc * the grave. It was an everyday o > rence, but it showed how closely f poor Jews stand together in time > affliction. 1 Another fine trait is their hospiti J A man must be poor indeed, who ha f his demijohn or bottle of brandy to r I his visitor. The Polish Jew al * j drinks first, offering his guest after I the same beverage from the same g ' This is to show that the liquor is I poisoned. ? Veneration is still another, fine qut I T1<p .Tow nlwnvs honors and resDect 1 parents and the parents struggle fo 1 welfare of their offspring. Inthisrei : no racc on the earth surpasses t r Many an old fellow going about dri > shrewd bargains has this for a moti 1 his dealings. i The Pole is also as quirk in acqu " languages as he is acute in making gains. He cun learn more of the ' 1 lish language in three months th ' Germau Jew can in three years, an 1 speaks it without the obscure accent marks the speech of the latter. In 1 ter and Ludlow streets there are b 1 s "Hers who sell Hebrew books. Hel 1 is the language of the Polish , 1 Among these books is a gramma those desiring to master the En< tongue. It is different from other g ? mars of a like nature, in that the En] words representing the Hebrew wiittcn in the Hebrew alphabet. I it the student may gain the pronuncif and meaning of a word, but that is ' ?* * * it.. n_i?? ??? Jtieace IfW Ul LUC I uica wnu muc *i* . lisli. Those who liavc savings bank couuts generally sign their bank b with marks, such as crosses and cir t Another feature of the Pole's chari is his mendicancy. Although seldo never seen in the streets as a public gar, he is nevertheless addicted to practice. The Hebrew relief soci i furnish many instances of this. On woman applied to one of these for and after receiving money and hi hold supplies, returned for more. I ; being denied, she replied: "Well, may not choose to aid me, but I'll i ray fotir children up here to be fed." ] of the Poles take advantage of the evolence of the rich Jt?ws, in order thai thej may save money. The charity bestowed upon them enables them to roll ilVE UP a neat ^anl? account? aud s o long as it ] ' does not come from actual begging th?j i are satisfied. But even at begging the} 1 will not hesitate, under certain circum- 1 ique stances. It is the custom of all- classei 1 es of Jews in this city upon certain da?3 tc ! visit the Cypress Hills Cemetery and pa j < honor to their dead; upon such occasion! \ the Poles turn out in force as beggars Upon August 10, the date of the dc- ] con- struction of Jerusalem, anybody who i? ] city, curious on the subject may ascertain foi ] lever himself, for then all the Jews pay re ] i 80,- spect to the dead. Thousands of Jewist i two- beggars line tUe way, holding up tnea i they hands for alms. It is {Hvonderful sight, tions well worth a ','isitto the cemetery.?Seuo 1 York Mail and Express. i is on Essence of Business Law. just It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. How, Ignorance of the law excuses no one. an(j Notes bear interest only when so stated, show A receipt for money is not always conving elusive. e. A Signatures made with a pencil aro good ment ^aw* ,ns is The law compels no one to do impossi- , lines bill ties. The Principals arc responsible for the acts imnll of tbeir agents. the No consideration ic sufficient in law if ikes lt: bc mega! in its nature. s ag The payee shouid be distinctly nanied with in the note, unless it is payable to bearer. ^ 0f A bill may be written upon any paper . per or substitute for it, either w.th iuk or and pencil. > eat A note obtained by fraud or from a i iem- person in a state of intoxication ci;nnot 'hree be collected. , sight Notice of protest may be sent either to ( the place of business or of residence of i y of the party notified. ome- An indorsee has a right of action ) ob- ?gainst all whose names were on the bill ,rivi- when he received it. , ,3 0f The time of payment of a note must men not depend upon a contingency. The i e in promise must be absolute. arlor A note made by a minor is void; a conkin(y tract made with a minor is void; a contoes' tract made with a lunatic is void. ibles ^ the drawer of a check or draft has ;e 0f changed his residence the holder must k use all reasonable diligence to find him. r ftre An agreement without consideration nder is void; a note made on Sunday i* void; with contracts made on Sunday cannot be entions forced. mid. Each individual in a partnership is re- ] The sponsible for the whole amount of debts ook- ?f firm, except in casej of special j llow partnership. , The A- note indorsed in blank?the name i ided ?f the indorser only written?is transit ferable by delivery, the same as if made i payable to bearer. ven- If the letter containing the protest of *] eech non-payment be put in the postoffice.any ie of miscarriage does not affect the party giv- | er in ing notice. 3 on If a note is lost or stolen it does not this release the maker. He must pay it if >ect. the coniideration for which it was given ( with and the account can be proven, has "Value received" is usually, and J way should be, written in a note, but is not ( holi- essential. If not written it is pre- ^ oor- 9umed by law, or may be supplied by , The proof. ock- An oral agreement must be proved by One evidence. A written agreement proves ' the itself. The law prefers written to oral n of evidence, because of.its precision. poil- ' Checks and drafts should be presented have during business hours, but in this counitcnt try?except in cases of banks? the )S all time extends through the day and eventhis ing. buy If one holding a check as payee or ( ices, otherwise transfers it to another, he has , a right to insist that the check be pre- '{ :har- sentcd that day or, at the farthest, the . ok a day following. 1 riter No evidence may be introduced to con- , >ome tradict or vary a written contract, but 1 ,ctcd such evidence may be received in order 1 ;ene- to explain the contract when it is in need ( car of explanation. , s on The maker of an accommodation bill | aged or note?that is, one of which he has re- . k an ceived no consideration, having lent his ; king name or credit for the accommodation of ( box the holder?is as fully bound to all other , iders parties as if there were a good considera- j coin, tion. , S'is I* - f fu- The condition of the wage class of that the day, says McMaster in his "History of ! their the People of the United Stat: s," may he f rried examined; it is full of instruction for so- i (d in cial agitators. In the great cities un- ; ared skilled workmen were hired by the day, ( ith a bought their own food, and found th?ir , and own lodgings. But in the country, on wore the farms, or wherever a hand was em- j hair, p'.oyed on some public work, they were , her fed and lodged by the employer and J dow, given a few dollar? n month. "Onthej( elve, Pennsylvania canals the diggers ate tlie She- coarsest diet, were housed in the rudest j e, in sheds, and paid $'3 a month from May to ( mpa- November,and $5 a month from Novem ( earn- b?r to May. Hod-carriers and mortar id in mixers, diggers and choppers, who from I the 17v 0 to UOO labored on the public build>n to ingsand cut the streets and avenues of ccur- Washington City, received $70 a year, thesj or, if they wished, $60 for all the work !3 of they could perform f:om March 1 to De- . ' cember 20. |' ility. The hours of work were invariably j snot from sunrise to sunset. "Wage? at A1- I offer bany and New York were 3 shillings, or, ways as money then went, 40 csnts; at Lan- ] ward caster, $8 to $10 a month; elsewhere in I flass. Pennsylvania workmen were content < i not with $6 in summer and $5 in winter. At ' Baltimore men were glad to be hired at ' ility. 18 pence a day. None, by the month, I s his asked more than $6. At Fredericksburg r the the price of labor was from $5 to $7. In t ' VimSnia whifn mpn flmttloved bv the < 'r" r . hem. year were given ?10 currency; slaves, 1 ving when hired, were clothed and the master ' vein paid ?1 a month. A pound, Virginia 1 money, was, in Federal money, $3.33. t iring The averate rate of wages the land over 1 bar- was, therefore, $65 a year, with food, and, f Eng- perhaps, lodging. Out of this small sum s an a the workman must, with his wife's help, < d he maintain his family. t that J Hes- Touching: Humpbacks for Good Luck. s ook- On the upper part of Broadway is a < brew hurapbackcd Italian bootblack, who, j Jew. although he dresses poorly, and will give ] r for you a patent leather shine for five cents, < ?lish has accumulated an ample fortune by his i ram- deformity and the superstition of his : glish customers. If you watch him at wo k i are you will set the person whose boots are i ''rom beiug polished lean over slyly and touch < ition the hump with the tips of his fingers. ( all. Light as is the touch, the bootblack feels < Eng- it, looks up grimly, and is silenced by a i : ac- quarter or half a dollar. That touch ol I ooks the hump is supposed to bring good luck < clcs. to gamblers, stock brokers, business i icter men and holderso f lottery tickets. Some- I m or times when the superstition is verified by < beg- a coincidence the customer gives ttie f the bootblack a five or a ten dollar bill oat i eties of the profits, and then the magic touch i e old is repeated more openly. I know of a { aid, theatrical manager who keeps a hump t ouse- back in his employ to bring him good f ,Tpon fortune by this touch. Many otherwise s you sensible speculators never go down town s send with any confidence in their operations Vlanv unless they have touched the old Italian ben- in the morning.?Neio York Star. ?? ?? ?r S* THE HOME DOCTOR. * ~ If the feet are tender and painful after long standing or walking, great relief may be obtained by b;: thing them in warm salt and water. A large handful of salt to a gallon of water as warm as can be borne is the proper proportion.- The feet should be immersed ana the water thrown jver them with the hand and also over the legs as far as the knees. When the water becomes too cool, dry the feet and legs, rubbing with a rough towel upward. Neuralgia of the feet has been cured by perseverance in this method night and morning. Mrs. T., who knows of the efficacy of the foregoing, writes that persons with weak lungs or bronchia, as well as weak throats, are wonderfully benefited by gargling every morning with strong salt and water. A Few Fallacies. Perhaps the form:ilat'on\>f a few populor follarona mnv ao urifK/Mif intoroflt to our readers at this time, even if they be indisposed to accept the statements without some qualification. Itisafallucy to suppose: That alcoholic drinks support physical strength during excessively hot weather. That men and women should eat the same kind and am-nirit of food when their manner of life is entirely different. That pic is really indigestible, or, in gcnrral, that the quality of indigestibility can be logically affirmed of any article of food absolutely and apart from the consideration of the digestive capacity of the particular stomach the powers of which are to be tested. That disease, in any given case, con- ' sists simply in the group of symptoms complained of by the patient, or morbid signs detected by the physician. That all morbid processes are necessarily destructive in .their nature, and are never conservative. Diseaso in certain ' cases may be nature's method of right* ing a wrong or overcoming the effects oi some disturbing agent. A certain portion of the clinical picture of a;d:Bease " i? therefore made up of evidences of reaction as well as of direct morbid action. That, in the production of cholera infantum, the elevation of the atmospheric temperature plays the most important or furnishes the principal indication for treatment. That a person is well who feels well, and that sickness consists in feeling sick. That specifics caa b; said to exist in modern medicine. That the actual number of years of a man's life bears any direct relation to the conditions of .the physical. frame known as senile degeneration'.^That the conditions of modern life in niir highest eivili/ntion are most favor* ble for the development of a large, healthyand vigorous population., . . That there are such things as "laws ol health."?Philadelphia Medical Timet. Dangers from Oust The personal discomforts, and in somi cases dangers, which are caused by living in an atmosphere laden with dust art more or less familhr to our readers, says the Sanitary Engineer. In some occupy tions it is a serious c?use of diseases and special precautions to protect the work* men from its effects have keen of late years more and more insisted on, and art now to be found in use in the best-regulated factories. This is especially tilt case with regard to those dusts composed of minute angular pa tides of stone or metal, such as are produced in the operations of grinding and polishing, and which tend to produce fatal diseases of the throat and lung;. Another special!* dangerous class of dusts are those which net not so much mechanically as by theii chemical properties?the poisonous dustf, is they may be called. Such dusts art found in color-grinding establishment! in white lead works, in work-shops for the manufacture of artificial flowers, etc., the dangerous ek-mcnt being in moil cases lead or arsenic. With regard to irsenical pnper-hangings, whatever may be tnougnc as to me prouaomty ui mo production of disea c by the slow and continued evolution of arseniureted hydrogen?and it seems to us that more experiment and observation is needed in this direction?there c:in be no doubt ai to tlie dangers of the dust derived from the surface of "such papers. Then we >: have the ordinary street dust, which not only annoys us when walking or driving, but which permeates our houses, and there, reinforced by fresh clouds raised by the housemaid's broom, covers, furniture, books and pictures with its gray jhrowds. There is, nevertheless, something to be said in favor of this general plague of dust; we should be badly ofl in some respects without it. All ordinary nir contains dust, and the particles ot lust in the air form centres of condensa* tion for the watery vapor in the air, thus giving rise to fogs, clouds and rain. If Fhere were no dust in th?'nir, whenever the air became supersaturated witn moistflft; the latter would condcnse and deposit on all solid bodies with which it ;ame in contact. . f " V Canned Provisions. "You ask me to stnte the effects of freezing upon canned fruits and vegeta* [>les, especially as regard'} the texture ind flavor of tomatoes. < orn, etc.,'" writes Lieutenant Greelv to the American Grocer. "Apples, peaches, pears, rhubarb, green peas, green corn, onions, potatoes auu tomatoes were all subject to extreme temperatures, over sixty degrees below *' Kero, and were solid for months at a time. The second summer they thawed, the following winter froze solid again. All the articles named presented the iame appearancc as though freshly :anned, and their flavor was as good n'hen the last can was eaten as in the irst month. It should be understood ;hat these were first-class canned goods ind from dealers of standing and reliability. Cranberry siuce, preserved dam? ions, preserved peaches and fiuit butterl differed certain changes from candying, ;tc., which detracted somewhat front :heir flavor, though not materially so^ Dealers in such preserves predicted th? mch conditions aud chaugcs would >ccur. I had also canned turnips, tquash, beets and carrots, as well at pineapples, cherries, grapes, shrimps, :lams and crabs, which although n * subjected to such extreme temperature is the foregoing, yet froze and thawe4 epeatedly without injury. No can of iny kind except a few, say half a dozen )f fruit butters, was cv..r burst by action >f cold or heat. No illness of any kii? jeeurred prior to our retreat, and those liost inclined to canncd fruits and vegc? :ables were the healthiest and strongest >f the party. I have written thus fully n answer to your letter from my con vie;ion that the excellent quality and variety )f canncd provisions contributed materi. illy to the unequaled health of my coinnand during the two years we passed in mparalleled high latitude. The im? >ortauce of good canned fruit and vegeables to parties unable to obtain th? rcsh article cannot be over-rated, and >o I speak with uo uncertain tone on the mbjcct.'' Samson, the French executioner, beleaded 7,141- people in his official career, jeing 217 a year?rather a busy life.