Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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The Abbeville Press and Banner. J BY HUGH WILSON". ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2, 1886. VOLUME XXX.''..NO,. 48, lj| GREECE. A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE ORIGIN. PREEJK INENCE, INFLUENCE. AND MODERNNESS OF ANCIENT GREECE. An Evany Read, Mny 21*t, 1886, Ho for the Literary Club of Abbeville, ! by Wlster Arcber, M. A., Ph. B Principal of the Abbeville Hlg Ncbool. Gintlem.cn .-?The choice of my subjec Greece, has boen dictated by a desire t eradicate, from the minds of the ignc rant, the belief that this empire ever ha been ancient except in point of time, o that this language can ever be considere dead in point of reality; for the word dead, implies extirpation of imperial po sition and the impossibility of the lan git&ge's continuing to undergo an; changes that time and other incidental a? eociations may work upon it. This, how ever, is not true. Tempora mutant et no tnutamur illiscum. We might, wit equal justice, speak of the English of th time of Chaucer, as tteaa, as speatt 01 iu Greek of antiquity as such; for, when w compare these with their correspondin modern languages, we find, in each in stance, equal changes. The oause of th diversity ot belief is this:?In the tim of Chaucer, the English language wa just emerging from infancy into yout] and had not yet attained manhood's per feetion, whereas the Greek of Pericles, o J?ysias and Demosthenes, had, already ?t"ta!ncd tI"?o poiut. ever reachei by language, and had only one alterna tive before it, to remain as Ruch or to do cline. Some people aie impressed wit) the belief that ancient Greece was a na lion, entirely distinct from modern na tions in manners, customs, and genera habits, as well as in point of time; but shall endeavor to prove to your mind the modernness of ancient Greece, as wel as the influence that it lias exerted upoi the subsequent course of language. Greece* tlie smallest of the three penin solas of Southern Europe, jutting out in to the Mediterranean sea which washe its Southern and Western coasts, whil the far-famed ^Egean lashes it on th , East, is the home, no less of the gods am philosophers, than of the poets, painters and sculptors. By the proximity of th surrounding watery expanse, we migli imagine that its air is thick, dense, am fniwv. like that of Encland : but. here, m gulf'stream extends its influence to clotn the serenity of its skie9. From th heights of Pelion or Hymetters, cla( with nature's sweetest verdure, ove which the bees would hover, in sprinj time, in such profusion, that Homer ha compared with them the mighty host o Troy-beseiging Greeks?here, we migh stand and gaze almost from one extrcmi ty of the ancieut world to the other, s< clear and pure was its atmosphere. Ni atmosphere can ever be compared witl this, so clear, so fresh, so exhilirating that men would fain loave such a spu and cease to drink in nature's pures draughts. Its coast is inuudated by 1111 tnorous bays and gulfs, affording pleasan and safe harbours for steam-beaten ship and foretelling that commcrcial eminenc which proclximed Athens, in peace am in war, "the mistress of the sea," Shoul< we turn our eye over the small expans of country, stretched before our view, w would be struck with the diversified na tureof its topography. No level expans of surface extends before our gaze; but 0:1 every side, we see crags and moun tains, rising to lend their beauty to thi: country's scenery and to aid in determin ""'"'n o??rl <3oufittioe nf it? npnrilf " '?> ^ """ w- i r-As we turn southward into Greece, w are, first, met by the immortal vale c Temjw, the home of the Muses, wher they were went to meet and hold commu nion in the hazy mist of the morning o in the dim twilight of the setting snn here, they wore went to sit, about the lol ty throne of Jupiter, in councils of peac .and of war; from here, Jupiter was won to send forth his messengers of death am prosperity; and from hore, sounded th rumblings of tho mighty thunders, th echoes of Jove's hoary" locks, as the, clashed in anger. Such is the situatio .of this pass that it would require th combined efforts of only a few men to re sist the world. Further on, we reach th Pass of Thermopylae, the Gibraltar c Southern and Central Greece, the key c its fortifications on the North. What cai blot out or diminish the greatness of sue a pass! Here it was, that Leonidas am his three hundred Spartans, sent to checl Xerxes, with his millions, in their course of devastation and subjection, did not on !v not falter, but when they recognize' the inevitable fate that awaited their they stood like men and fought bravelj "till the last man expired." Thus, w might continue to dwell upon the inci ?.Uk uuilW uuiiuuuivu Witu aiotvuv vrnyovv where every vale and evevy hill was cla in a warrior's armour, until we shoul arrive at Mount Taygetus, which echoes still, with the death cries of the Spartai infant. From the abruptness of th mountain sides of Greece, wo might con jecturo that no large rivers traverse it "narrow surface. But, here and ther< might be seen a streamlet, wending il way to the gulf or sea, small and seem inglv insignificant, uutil aroused by ?udclen rain, when it would swell its toj rent and come rushiugdown the moui: tain sides with a powerful moinontuir Small though these brooklets be, the have been immortalized in the grande: ?pic that ?ver flowed from the mind < man. We have, thus, before us, a brii delineation of the topographical and cl znatic nature of this country, to prepai xis to understand those peculiar trail that have, always, characterized Greec and her people. I shall, next, consider the origin of th: nation, pointing out the ties of relatior ship that bind this cation to the nation of Europe and of America. If the er fjuiring ove will glance over the cont xient of Jsia, he will tind, between th latitudes 01 zow ana ai>", a levei ex pant of country, known as the table-land < Asia, or the Plateau of Thibet This ws the primary a bode of the mother of man languages. Here, originated and live the Indo-Germanic language that hi spread its branches into tne four quartei of the globe and united us all by ties < direct relationship. Although the liki liess between some of these languages more striking than that between other this does not prove a lack of relationshij but can be fully explained by this law < nature as well as of language, that tfe earlier the separation, the wider the d vergence of similarity, and the longi any languages associate, the eloecr the become in sound and structure. Finall; this old mother tongue separated ini three parts, the Aryan, the South Ei ropean, and the North European. T1 Aryan consists of the Iranian and the Ii dian of India, the oldest form of which ihe language of tho Vedas, subsequent! developed into the Sanskrit. The olde form of the Iranian is the Zend and ol Persian of Cuneiform, as found on the ii scriptions of antiquitj'. This languaj lias preserved tho purest forms an sounds of the mother tongue. The Norl European comprises the Slavonian, tl Lithuanian, and tho Germanic language The South European, also, with which v are more directly connected, includes tl Groek, the Latin, and the Celtic lai guages. Thus, we see that tho closest tii ound together the foremost nations < the world and filled cach heart with tli is* tender sympathy that "makes us won- 1 drous kind." It will not, then, cause t any expression of surprise, when I say o that the English of to-day is closely re- c lated to the Greek of antiquity. In fact, g were not the Teutons, our aborigines, di- a rectly descended from this mother r tongue? Were not the Angles and Sax- I ons, the Normans and Celts, immediate t offsprings of the sister language of the t ,e Greek ? Can any one, then, dare to ask v why men persist in studying the Greek f * language, when they find, within its c * structure, one of the clearest, most defi- c h nite, and satisfactory explanations of our s own language? But this is not all, and I ii am sure that, beforo I have campleted i; t, this essay, you, all, will join with me in e o proclaiming the universal benefits, deriv- d *J ' ? Af Hi?a olaor fnrni hip i ? eu iruin mo siuuj ui >u.a , , . s abd flexible language. o r Greece, by its unevenness of surface, p d its lack of the means of speedy commu- ri I, nication, was well fitted for the develop- o - ment of several clea.i, distinct, dialects, s ? Thus we find three or more forms, each v 7 distinct and independent of the others, tl i- with the exception of those general char- o - acteristics that gave the Grecian tone to o s each. The Greeks wcro a proud people i! h and were stimulated by a feeling of self g e pride. No wonder, then, that when these e e dialects had emerged from infancy, each h e asserted its independence and developed v g in its own perfection. I speak, chiefly, of v - the Lyric, the Doric, and the Altic. Each I: e of thes? dialects occupied a separate lit- V e erary field; each maintained its mastery o s as such and caused a distinct form of lan- tl (1 guage to be appropriated to each poculiar ti '- subject to be discussed. So different from 1 >f the present day! Now the credulous ii mind is easily seized by each innovation, a 3 arrf sds it as more perfect, because newer, c -1 and leaves to decay the language of its tl - infancy. Thus the'moment a new centre w ti of culture and refinement is established, S - that moment the new tendency of the ft - mind becomes a language, which, grad* p 1 ually, extends its sway, until it comprises 11 I within its grasp tho entire cultivated A s world, leaving to the common and vulgar e i | people tho sweet language of their first Id i lovo. Then the latter, overcome by this s: novice, depressed by neglect, sinks deep- tl - er and deeper into oblivion. There, how- h - ever, it does not long remain alone, but e s is soon joined by its immediate usurper, n e when another linguistic whim shall have g 0 seized the minds of our people. Not so, ci 3 however, witli the Greeks. Hero were tl i, no printing presses, no telegraphy, to s| e wire abroad each intellectual discovery; ii t no vulgar herds, to whom to abandon V 3 their first love; for each man stood upon a o his own basis, proud and free. Each man tl 3 assisted, not in changing the language of ii 0 his infancy, but in developing it to that ti 1 perfection which the Greek language has tl r attained and which marks it as the pur- c I est, the highest, eminence of linguistic t< s perfection. A peculiar trait of the Greek Ji f language is that they appropriated each b t dialect to a certain literary field. Thus, tl - omitting all inquiry into the influence of d 3 Homer's birthplace upon his choice of tl o the Ionic language as the vehicle of ex- fi I? pression in his lofty epic, it is a fact that d no such influence was exerted upon He- s t rodotus, in his choice of this same dialoct ?i it as the language of his muses. The cause n - was that each wrote an epic and each re- n t quired au epic language. This proves, f< s conclusively, that, although the Greeks ti e were a clannish people, each proud of his v 3 own language, yet they were more forci- ci 3 bly impressed with a deep sense of ex- p e pediency. They sought to blend outward h e expression with the inner thought, so k - that, not only were dry racts related in i< e dry prose, but the language, by its sound, il >> expressed its innate adaptability to the I - subject matter. The artistic Grecian ear ti s quickly discovered this necessary rela- tl - tionship and appropriated, to the field of p epic poetry, the Ionic language, which, o e reflecting, in song, the deeds of heroes, fi ?f was imagination, picturesquo, thrilling, tl e as the various characters required. How b i- readily, moreover, was this dialect adapt- s r able to the hexameter! Thus, then, the tl ; Greeks, imbued with this idea of expo- \ f- diency, were willing to subordinate nat- o e ural pride of language to expediency of p t expression. Where e!oa^owo find this e a trait or Q(Kirae{ery ii was, nowever, this t: e very quality tbat has raised the Greek n e language and seated it upon the loftiest C y pinnacle of linguistic attainment. As the r n mfaucy of the Greek vorged into youth, d e the mind, naturally, began to reflect up- I s- on itself, and to compare its perfection c e with nature's surrounding objects. * Man, tl >f then, began to have loftier views, higher e ?f appreciations of his own perfection, and v ii forgetful of the fading beauty about him, t h began to dwell upon his own mind, God's t! 3 mortal image. Thus, man sought a deep- t er, more expressive, language, with which t e to convey his thoughts to other men. t - This adaptability was evideut in the \ d Doric, which, by its more emphatic ton? t: i, and fuller sounds, satisfied man's eager o search. When, at last, the age of matu- n e ritv arrived, when each man saw, within v - himself, a world of his own and began to I >, turn hi3 thoughts from self to the eternal u d God of the heavens, he needed a more v d flexible, a softer, a more eloquont, a r >, [grander vehicle of expression. Thus t n arose the Altic Greek, with its varied ca- e e dcnces of rhythm, its fulness and variety t< i- of expression, its periodic climax and its h -s emphatic antitheses. Here could phylos- J ), ophy tiud a sacred abode; here could sa- u ;s tire find a pungent mode of expression ; t i- here could the drama, in all its varieties, v a find language suitable to thought. But e this question presents itself, how was d i- this perfection attained ? By the utter o >. disregard of the Greeks for all that was a y external to their native country. No p it man could invade Greece with his "foreign d )f idioms and infuse them into their sweet t 3f language.. Among the Greeks, no man of s i- foreign origin?"no, not ons"?notwith- 1: e standing his power of mind, could attain t ? any preeminence. Every man or word a :e that tried to creep into the precincts of c their hallowed commonwealth, they t is spurned with the disdainful epithet of s l- "barbarian." Thus, they have handed r ic tn nnut c% t \r a lancrnuiro f.inrrari wil h T a UU..II ?v .. l no loreign element, but as pure and as t ?- nndefiled sis the spotless snow. What a i e different character, in this respect, this t ie language presents from the languages of j >f all nations, ancient, medieval or modern, t is The Latin lauguage has often been and, c y to a great extent, properly associated and | a compared with the Grecian language. Is I us this comparison, however, a just one? f [y researches? Did he not, moreover, intro- J s st duce into the deficient Latin vocabularj', j Id such words and expressions as the Gre- < l- cian deepness and closeness of perception t re had made inexpressible by the Latin f id tongno? As we know, tho Latin lan- > :h j guage was characterized by dignity and c >e | stiffness of expression, but was void of 1 s. I all that smoothness, that elegancc, that 1 e have raised the Greek language to its ( io j modern preeminence. What must have c l- been, moreover, tho influence of tho ( as Pythagorean school of Philosophy? Is t Of it'unreasonable to presume that many a t at Roman Hocked hither to drink, from tbo,i ips of such a sage, deep draughts fron ho Pierian spring? Remember, more iver, that the Greeks had no vulgar, n ommon language, distinct from the lan ;uage of the learned; but all were equal ,nd each boasted of aiding to perfect hi tativo tongue. How different from th jatin ! Here the literary language wa he language of the few, the language c he Yarros, the Caesars, and the Ciceros vhile the common people spoke a trul; ilebeian corruption. The Greek languag an express, also, by its various uses am missions of certain particles and parts c peech, and by the Various positions c Ls words, such vast differences of mean ng and can draw such powerful autith ses that the Latin language has sighed it lesperution and contented itself with per phase.s of verbosity. Is not the Latii rigin of the Twelve Tables, also, in dis iute? Is it not maintained by some rom their striking similarity to the law f Draco, that they are deduced from tha ource? It this be true, would it not b ery natural and proper to maintain tlia he Code, the Pandeets, and the Institute f Justinian were sprung from a Greciai rigin ? For were they not a systemat zed form of the decrees of emperors, a ranted by these tables, their grants, thei diets, ana their pragmatic sanctions ? If lowever, their %t'igin be not Grecian, th erv names themselves are saturate* pith Geeek, and their polish, their artis ic order, sprung from a Grecian fflit'.d Vhv did Justinian not emnlov the mim f a Roman, to compile and tosystematiz his work ? Why did he send far awa; 3 Pampbylia to nsk the assistance o "ribonian? Because he recognizcd th ^adequacy of the Roman minu for sucl task and the unique fitness of the Gre ian. Although the Romans can boast o lie first cathedral that was eyer crowne< Mth an aerial cupola, the cathedral of SI ophia, whence came the architect tha irrino/1 oiwli a tt'nmtAt-ftl] ilpaitrn AJld com letcd such a skilful execution? Was i ot AMheraiiis of Tralles, a Greek o Lsia Minor, that ha1? haudod down, t von modern times, this ornament of ou welling*?an ornament, as has beei lid, that rears itself aloft and points, ii !iese times of modern skepticism, to th ome of a true God? Nor is the influ nee of the Greek upon the Latin mor larked than its influence upon other lan uages. They were a people, of whom i an be said, "and their works do follov iietn." Nay, whithersoever this pcopl pread, they shed abroad the amelioratiiij lfluence of their language and arts Vhy, moreover, was the supervision o Imost every literary work entrusted ti liem? What influenced tho Ptolomie i their choiccof Aristophanies of Byzan um as the librarian of the finest librar nat lias ever been ? Becauso they appro iated the Grecian superiority of reductioi * ordur and of artiatie arrangement 'ot only in the department of literature ut in that of conquest, the influence o ao Grecian training has been felt. Win iscipliucd the mind of that Alexande lat conquered the world ? No foe dare( ice him. Tvvas liis, but "to do and t< am." No Waterloo has eclipsed tin plendor of his glory; but he stand 'one, in the annals of war, the man tha ever failed. What an impression i lade upon us, when we recall the battle night, the battles won, by this small na ion? Whence came tbis prowess? T< rhat must we attribute it ? Is it not be ause each man considered himself th eculiar defender of his country's rights is country's liberty? This, then, is th< ev-note of this success. They wen >rth, to conqueror to dio. No Marathoi lumines the pages of modern history t is true that Hastings changed the des inies of a nation, but this battle save< lie nation's very life. So forcibly im ressed were the people with the resul f this conflict, so thickly was the battle eld strewn with "the dead and dying,' hat, to this day, the peasant, in his"hum le hut, hears tho sighing winds as the; weep over this plain and thinks then he plaintive sighs of these dying heroes Vhen wo turn to the department of logic f psychology, and of ethics, what a fiel< iresents itself! "What has been the influ nee, upon the thinking world, of sue] ruths and subtleties as sprung from th ninds of the Aristotles and the Platos !an we not trace to them that train c easoning that has developed into th ogmas of Kant and the metaphysics c lamilton ? What. also, has stamped Ba on as one of the greatest of uiQderi [linkers ? Was it not, because he found d that form of uncertain logic by whicl . g reason from effect to cause ? Whal hen, must be the position, assigned b; ho ancient and modern world, to Aria otle to him, who has so clearly anal3'zei lie nature of the mind, and has reduce o reasoning the very laws of thought Vheu we consider how exactly and dis inctly bo has defined the various form f the syllogism and the means of deter [lining the accuracy of our reasoning ihat reverence we must cherish for thi father of Logic I By what laws do w indermino all sophistical reasoning ? B; k-hat laws do we express our argument nost clearly ? By those laws of though hat proceeded from the mind of thisven rable sage of Stagira. When we begii o enumerate the concise enunciations c lis Organon of Logic; the depth of bi letaphysics, the complexity of his Nat irai jruuosopny, wo smna in snout awe hen ask, whence came this man? lie i i-as thatopenod up to mankind tho rich st veins that ever were imbedded ii larkness. How different from the mine if earthly significance, where arc hope re, at first, bouyed up by tho dazzlin ;litter of vast nuggets; but ere wo hav lescended far below tho surface, we lim hat all has been "vanity and vexation c pirit." In the province of tho mine lowever, the deepest researches unvci he most sacred and precious treasures nd thus it was with this Grecian philos ipher of antiquity. What, in tho depart uent of logic, lias been tho result of sub cquent investigation? Modern time nay boast of a Mill, a Mansel, a Bain, lamilton ; but can wo boast of an Aris otle ? In fact, has any man proven false 11 tho slightest degree, the logic of Aris otic, or has modern research added on ot or tittle to this department of th nind ? He it was that turned the cours if banian thought in this direction an >ointed out the course they must pursue Jan any man, then, dare to deny the im >erial, tho universal, superiority and in luencoof the Greek nation upon the sut icquent destinies of man? I have quote >ut few examples to prove their prowess >ecauso but lew were needed. 1 coul pioto hundreds, j'ea thousands, of ii: itances of this people's inventive geniu md deep perception. Whence spran he Drama, the Tragedy aud Ccuiedy, bi rom the minds of these people? Whs i stirring scene must have presented ii self, as the people of tho land of the vin net, in the fall or spring, to return, wit dlerings and libations to their propitiou Sod, heartfelt thanks. To traco the or jin of comedy lrorn tragotty would be? isoless as to trace tho changes that eacl 11 modern times, has undergone; but isk, what mind must have directed the* )eopie? When wo turn from thedire< lepartment of the mind to that of arch C3ture, we stand aghast. What beauti "ul symmetry, what uniform proporlioni ivhut consistency of parts, what a genen nitlinol What architecture is still mo: iighly valued and admired ? Why ! tli brm of tho Athenian Parthenon, il louie, its pillars and frescoes, has bee :opied by 0110 of the greatest institution >f America. I)o these facts point to tl: leadness of this people? This is a natio ,hat can never dio. Suppose wo turn 01 ittention, for one moment, to the iield < rs L:an it De saiu tnat tne uuun junguugu nas i 3f been developed in its native element? s b- From what source did Virgil obtain the 1 is polish, the soilness, the very essence of 1 s, bis Aeneid in sound and harmony, but c p. from the bosom of this sacred realm? s af One of Italy's truest poets so highly es- s ie teemed this mission and so clearly saw t i- the necessity of such a mission, that he i 3r has impersonated, in ono of his most iin- ji y pressive odjs, the very ship that carried s y, the Bard of MantuU! Whence came that i to harmony of sound, that delicacy of taste, i l- that propriety of expression, tliat power ( >e of eloquence, that have ever branded Cic- f )- ero, as the "orator pracstantUmimnsi is Wfero thfiv tint llm rnsult of Ilia (Jrccisin i i Greek oratory, with what reverential adi mirationu are our inmost feelings toucho ed! Who can picture, without these feel ings, the majestic appearance of Demos1, thenes or of Lysias, as they Addressed, 8 from the berna, the most cultivated auo dience that ever listened to the utterances ? of any man?an audience, so fastidious in if their tasi;es, that they spurned all that i, wore noi perfect. These orators were, y moreover, awaro that, unlike our present e people, who sit in listless and submissive d patience and listen to the most fearful >f solecisms that ever disgraced a cultivated if language., this audience to whom they - addressed their flery darts of eloquence, - would evince, in exclamations of disapq proval and correclion, all false and un - grammatical constructions. And yet, for a aays, they would listen, in death-like stilli ness, to siuch men as these. With what i, modern orators may we compare such s men ? It is true that we have our Can.t ning who uttered, at Plymouth in 1823, e such forcible, axoimatictruths; ourGrat it tan, wnose speecu, in Denau 01 trie ngjjw s of Ireland, will ever exist as one of the n grandest, the lofties;, flights that eloquence hasachieved ; our Erskino, whose s apparent defence of Warren tiastings, t echoes, in part, the Grecian forensic ora\ tory; our Burke that paints^ in plainest e character, in choice language, in passion3 at? eloquonce> the various scenes of his - narrative. But, in the excitement of our . dalratidn, I as* w'lietlOO this iin1 agery, thi3 artistic beauty of language, e but from tUo great, tho noble Derqyay thonos? f Can we, moreover, gentlemen, dare to e compare Burke with Demosthenes? It 1 has been fiaid that as Demosthenes is the - sculptor, i.?o Burke is thb palriterj blit I f maintain that Demosthenes, not only 3 pictures in imagination tho firm of his discourso, but chisels away all its rough L ness, smouuis, ?u [lencuvij, CVBIJ CA^IOO sion, that we are almost forced to believe t that his mind was directed, in itsi choice t of language, in tho composition Of his 0 sentences, by some unseen hand. Who r can read those outbursts of periodic elo1 quonce, tliose inimitable climaxcs, those i lofty flights of the imaginatioh which I)ee mosthencJi has uttered in his speech, "On - The Crown," without being deeply ime pressed with their grandeur ? Can any - one, I ask again, dare, then, to doubt the t superiority and influence of this lanv guage ? Can such a language, evet-, die ? e Again, how amazed the world must have % beec. when they readt in tho Iliad of Hoi. xner, thoso Christian dogmas that only the f advent of Christ unveiled to tho rest of ? the world! England may boast of her 3 Hooper, her Cranmer, that died a mar-1 iyr'ii deat a : but can any martyr ever f eclipse tho Christian resignation of So cratos, ho, who, when offered a speech in i defense of his life, although he recogniz. ed the inevitable fate that awaited a refus, al, yet refused. In his last moments, f what solace, what sweet consolation, it 3 must hav3 been, to review the whole r conre of his life, its fruits, its influences, 1 and to know that not religion, but the a paltry thread of life, was subjected to hne man decision ; for they could take bis s body, but oot his soul. t Nothing can prove more emphatically s the preeminence of the Greeks than their s comparison with the Romans. We might - begiu with the training of thoir youths a ana conclude with their outbursts of elo quence before their general assemblies, e Each instance, however, would tend only , to enhance the grandeur of the former, a and the deiciencies of the latter. In cont trasting these two nations, their language i and their Labits, nothing strikes us more . forcibly than this rare quality, evident among the Greeks, of subjection of peril sonal ambition to the welfare of their - country. In the Romans,?sad to say,? t we recognize 110 such trait. Glance at - their great instruments of antiquity for ' instilling, into the minds of their entire - populace, ideas of general defense and ady vancement, thoir national games. In 3 Greece, should wo pass along the roads i. leading to Olympia, we would see tbem, for weeks beforehand, carefully guarded 1 to ensure perfect safety and security to - travellers, when we arrived at Olympia, b we would s ee a grand concourse of heroes e and friend1.), each eager for success, but ? calm, impassionate, and patient; and >1 when tne contests began, each race would c bo conductad in an orderly manner and >f tho judges would award the olive branch, in accordance with their motto, "Palmam a qui meruit ferat." Why, this orderly, - well-regulated succession of events? li Why did we not see there tho brawls, the i, uproars, th9 drunkenness that have aly ways stigmatized not only tho Roman fesi tivals, but iilso those of our own modern J times ? Baeause not blinded, like mod d ern men, solely with a desire of personal ? aggrandizement, the Greeks saw the ben eficial influences of these games upon the s Grecian commonwealth, and strove to - employ them in the proper direction. [, They had no other channel than these res ligious festivals of congregating the peoe pie from the several uations of Greece, in y order to impress upon them the necessis l.y, whenever necessity arose, of uniting t their forces to resist all foreign invasion. - From their bema, some eloquent orator ti poured into the ears of his silent listeners if volley after volley of the deepest reasonb ing. Here it was that Domostheno^, crazed bv tho iove of his country, uttered his i, celebrated Philippics ; here friends mot, it to renew and to strengthen the friendship i- of the past; here philosophers met to disii cues the progress of their sciences ; and s here sculptors and painters met to vie in s the grandou.1 of their works. No persong al animosities aroused strife among these o people ; no privato ambition marked the d various clans or made them use "foul if means or fair," to insuro their hero's vicI, tory. Such was the influence of the Neil mean, tho Isthmian, tho Pythian and the i; Olympic gnmos upon the ancient world i- that their jjre^tness is still fresh in the minds of our people and their echoes will i- leverberate till the end of time. Sohighs ly were thsy esteemed that each noble a was nroud to cruiile the course of his [- steeds ; eac h victor, proud to wear the ), victor's pris;e. i- How dillercnt, the Roman games ! e Each Roman senator or citizen of auy e dignity considered it too compromising e for him to t^uch the reins of his chariot, d Complacently he sat, looking on, while }. some skive performed for him this seemi ingly irksome task. What caused this t- cool" indifltirence ? What, this haughty ?- pride ? Wt.s it not the lack of that Gred cian, national, prido ? There was forei, most, in evorv Roman's mind, liiis own d dear self. They cherishod self-love and l- strove to subject, iu every instanco, their is national interests to selfish personal amg bition. This, alas ! was what caused the it downfall of Rome's C;csar. This caused it his dearest I'riends to become his bitterest t- enemies. But this is not all. What a ic sight was often presented by their party n sirnes aim party emulation! rorguuui is of the ties of relationship, maddened by i- their foolish passion, friends often fought, is hand to hand, in tho deadliest combat. 1, What a fearful, a disgraceful, scene was I enacted, during tho rcigh of Justinian, ie oven during their sacred lestival, between :t the Blue and tho Green. Such was tho i- fury of their hatred that Justiuian liitni self, had to flee lor safety, while the ?, streets of Constantinople, almost reduced il to ashes, wore welting in the blood of the it Itonians. Could a more frightful state of ie affairs have been presented? Daro we, ts then, to uni,e the names of these two nan tions ? is When wo revert to tho more privato ic habits and customs of the Greeks, notlin iug is more striking than the modernness ir of this people. Iu tho minds of most 3f men, a people's manners are associated v ?as witil the age df their existence and are considered ancient or modern, according as their age falls within the one period of time or the other. This is, to a great extent, true ; but, when we are tola that the Greeks formed a striking and singular exception to this rule, the very truth of the proposition must enhance our appreciation for the Hellenic nation. In the domestic and social life of the Greeks, we find that they enjoyed tlie same benefits; the same evils, that invade modern society. They wejre, however, moved by a deeper feeling of politeness, as is shown by their hospitable reception of utter strangers. No Greek was so depraved as to ofTer, within the rircciricts of his own home, the slightest insult to anyone. Has this trait been reflected in modern times? Must we uot rather affirm that modern politeness has reserved the ancient outward form, but not the inward feeling ? Now, we are prompted by the desire of selfish popularity and pre-eminence ; then, were the Greeks prompted solely by the desire of general pleasure. It has been said that the Greeks, in their habits of eating and drinking, were very intemperate. If we cite merely such instances as the dudish Alcibiades, I shall r? J rv> f A rafiifa d n nil O fflmon +CJ T rA. fer your attention, however, to the facts of history and the advice of all the Grecian sages and ask, must we determine the characteristics of a nation from a few isolated examples or does the general poilsu Cf f'his nation, by contrition with such rough surmCCS, become brighter ? Juvenal in his soothing satyre, may exclaim, "Graeculus esurient in cochtm. jusscris, ibit"; but this is the reflection of a subjective rather than an objective imago, the Cry Of adespairirieConsijieridei as it recognizes, from comparison, the superiority of the Greeks. In respect, moreover, to their places of amusement, they were more than modern. Unlike the present age, they had no theatres, distinct from those for the poor, for the wealthy and the noble. They had no low music balls, no theatre comique, no degrading ballet dances, in fine, no seething cesspools of moral corruption and degradation, where alone the poor could find amusement; but they all assembled in the same amphitheatre, where the poor and the needy were improved by the benevolent influences of their more polished associates. Should we turn from the province 01 domestic life, to that of a broader sphere, we shall find an equal improvement. Take* fbr example, their process of indicting capital punishment and compare it with that of modern times. Ours, alas! | is a surviving remnant of our barbaric nature?a uature, hard to soften and harder to subdue. TV hen we picture the scaf-1 fold scene of the present day, our bloou curdles with horror. Not only is the unfortunate victim deprived of life, of liberty, and of character, but ho is exposed to the taunts, the hissing jeers, of an unsympathetic crowd. Is this civilization ? For if it is, would that I could never experience any of its demoralizing influences ! What a contrast the Greeks offer ! They felt the value of life? a treasure that man can take, but God, alone, can give. They felt, also, the depression t.hnk cnnm-lncr Mntemnt for anv man. sub jeoted to this damnation, would exert upon their populace ; and they strove to mitigate, by the softest means, this bitter cup of woe. Thus in the secret recesses of the prison walls, far away from the taunts of foes, soothed (if words could soothe the bitterness of such a cup) by the truest friends of life, they drank this vial of man's wrath. What modern nation has ever reached this point of refinement ? The refinement of a nation must be determined, not by the most general peculiarities of the world, but by those secret charms that arouse man's tenderest emotione, that invade the very heart of man, and make him feel that sympathy that binds him to his fellow men. This,a8l said, proves a nation's refinem/it-if and thitj test t.hfl Orftoks can stand. What, also, is more modern than the desire of the women of Greece to exercise their pseudo-rights of suffrage? What, more modern and juster than the manner in which Aristophanos, that great father of comedy, satirises such absurdities ? What a picture ho paints of the hopeless condition of mankind, when tho husband encumbered with all the domestic duties, is left at home, while his manly wife (but manly only in dress) undertakes the du- [ ties of tho agora ! What a complete prototype of tho present ago ! As with us, so with the Greeks, these instances ofj masculine feminality formed the exception. No women of modern times, however, are held in higher esteem than these models of all the womanly graces, Alcoscestis of Euripides, the IpLigenia, and his Clytemnestra. I use these examples, gentlemen, because they are no fancy pictures of some Goddesses of the Myths, but because Euripides drew his pictures from real life. Thus we can form, from them, a proper estimate of Grecian women. What position, moreover, should Aspasia hold 7 She was a woman, in whom were blended tho powers of a man's mind, softened by a woman's tenderness. These examples, as I have said, are facts, and ''facts are stubborn things." I might dwell, also, at length, upon the perfection of cosmetical beauty in Greece and of the abhorence in which such a custom was held, but I must omit such subjects and direct your attention to the modernness of the professions in Greece. In medicine, although tho Greeks had not derived that complete system of medical phraseology, which fills modern treatises on medicine, although they had not had sufficient experience to derive from tho nature of a disease, in its incipiency, the exact course it would pursue and the proper remedies to bo administered, they did anticipate so fully the value of diagnosis and prognosis, as to re CO?lliy,t) wo liiipuii.niuo in 3uv.ii ? ^iv/inasion; the value that should bo placed upou the physician that was guided in Ins modes of treatment by facta and reason in contrast to the quack of the ancient, as well as the modern, world ; and, thus, to delineato to posterity the course they must pursuo to attain a real succcsa. Yes, there wore then, as now, two | distinct classes of physicians: the rational observer of cause and eflfcct and the quack that healed by charms and incantations. So forcibly was there impressed upon the Greeks the value of health that, in addition to the hygienic gymnasium, they were the first to establish a school of medicine; such, the value of health that they instituted, in thePeiraeus, a medical hospital, clected a stato board of health, and employed the services of the best pu^oiumiia. 1? JJ<lf Ull JII1J/I WYCIIIUUU U|M/U tlie modern condition of mankind ! ISow tho ricti are pampered and favored by our practitioners of medicine, while tho poor and needy, deprived not only of all the luxuries and most of tho necessities of life, are compelled to lead a sordid existence, but who, by the indifference of modern profession, are deprived almost of life's dickering spark. Yes, ho it is who, when entering upon his profession, says to every one that his course in life has heon directed by his love for his profession. In tho beginning, this may bo I true; but I can say that, ere he has reached his zenith, this first love is | crushed beneath the weight of the j mighty dollar. In referring to the legal profession, it would bo a waste of time to dwell upon tacts, so clearly recognized by us all. Though time has wrought some changcs hero, they aro mostly incidental and their modes of procedure corresponds well with our own. They ompannelled their' dicasteries, they had their judges' and, I in cach caso, thero were the necessary | plaintiff and defendant. One great difference, however, is that we can employ the talent and the oratory of other men, while the Greeks could employ only the former. Each man was compelled to speak in self-defense and was thus taught a system of close reasoning and logic that only self-intere3t, in emergencies, can arouse. I submit then, to your decision, the question whether modern times have wrought any improvement here. In their m.odes'of address, they defined .so clear4y for posterity tb? course to be pursued, th^i we have never digressed from it. They knew that they must, first, awaken the attention of their bearers, then arouse their thought by the heavy syllogismsof logic, andr finally, assuage, by the tender appeals of the arrangement of "adpopuliun," the harshness of their hearts. Thus. I have endeavored to place before your consideration a few facts in defense of this nation. I have not endeavifKaiw A?Annnot on/1 UlCU W UCOl^UIiU All IA/ IrllVU UOVIJ/WWW HllU most recondite mines of wealtn and to present their sparkling gems of priceless worth, but only ta gather, here and there, some remnant of this people, a token of the past, to prove what Greece wns, is, and ever will be, in the field of literary and artistic perfection; for "It ie the golden key that unlocks the treasures of antiquity?that musical and prolific language that lends a mind to the objects of sense and a body to the abstraction of philosophy." [Printed, by request] Crop Reports, The State Department of Agriculture has received 214 special reports from County nnd Township correspondents regarding the Qon dltlon of the crops, &c., of an average date May 1. The Spring has been cold and generally unfavorable, retarding farming operations. During March cold weather and high winds prevailed. April whs more Javorable and farm work progressed rapidly during the month. Rain was general throughout the State at the close of the month, greatly benefiting all growing crops. cottojf. Notwithstanding unfavoftibld seasqtis; it is estimated that 81 per cent, of the cotton crop had been planted by May 1. Early germination of seed has been prevented by cold weather and lack of rain. Thirty-one per cent, of the crop is "up" against 34 per cent, at the same time last year. The jsciierdl condition of the crop Is not so goqd as last year, but an improvement is reported since the rains in the latter part of April. The reports indicate a decrease of 3 per cent, in the area cultivated below the average of 1885. The use of coramerciaJ fertilizers on cotton has been decreased about 12 per ceut., and 34 per cent, of the crop has been fertilized with home-made manures. Cutworms have partially destroyed stands of early planted cotton in a few localiI ties, making replanting necessary. I CORN. | Correspondents report that corn lands have been better prepared and better fertilized than usual. A largo part oi the land originally sown In small grain has been reL?I?nled in corn. These lands were well fertilized, with ordinary favorable seasons will produce gocd crops. Home of the early planted corn on bottoms has been destroyed by the Spring freshets. In some Counties the rains were excessive during March, and Itliis, followed by dry weather in April, has injured stands. Birds and worms have been destructive in localities, but not more so than usual. The ? u- Imamaao/wI 1 *\ak nan Avnr In of acrejigu win uc iuunu?u > |^? v. v. ycnr. The general condition of the crop is reported at 95. Fifty-flve per cent, of the entire crop lmB been fertilized, and 54 per cent, of tbiB with home-made manures or cotton seed. WHEAT. An Improvement Is noted in the condition of wheat since the April rains, but it is less promising than last year; when an unusually short crop was harvested. The condition is ; reported at 80, against 86 on the lat of May j OATS. | A large part of the crop of Fall sown oats was destroyed by the severe Winter weather. The condition of Spring Oats is reported at 72. against 73 last year, when the same conditions prevailed as during the present season, owing to the scarcity of seed of the red-rust prool oats, which has proved the surest variety in this State. Other varieties were extensively used, and It is feared that the yield will not be satisfactory even with favorable seasons. RICE. SThe preparation of rice lands baa been somewhat delayed by unfavorable weather. In the lower Counties it is estimated that the area will be three per cent, less than last year. The condition is reported at 95, against 90 on the 1st of May, 1885. SUGAR CANE AND SORGHUM. In some localities the sugar cane rotted itr the ground during the Winter freezes* and in those places the crop has not been replanted, thus reducing the area 5 per cent, below lust year. The condition is reported as good as at the same time for the previous year. The area in sorghum is the same as last year, and the condition is 91, against yd lu issj. tobacco. While the area in tobacco in the State Is still Insignificant, much IntereBt is shown in the crop, and experiments are being conducted under the rules of the Board of Agriculture, by farmers selected to make the tests and by Individuals in every County. The correspondents estimate that the entire acreage has been increased 43 per cent, over last year. LABOR. Farm labor Is reported more efficient than usual, and lower wages are paid for day labor than for several years. Laborers employed by the year are paid ?8.83 per month and board or rutions. TEMARKS. Less supplies will be purchased this year than last, less commercial fertilizers have been used, farm stock Is in good condition, fruit crop is promising, and lands have been well prepared for all crops. "A Model Scwupnpcr." Under this flattering caption the Southern Critic of Goldsboro, N. 0., has the following friendly notice of the Reyialcr : "A butter or more welcomc excliangc than the Columbia {& C.) Daily lieyistcr Is not received at our sanctum. It is one of the cleanest and neatest dailies we know of?an honor to the State it represents. As a newsgntherer it is energetic and enterprising, up with the requirements of advanced journalism. It Is I carefully and vigorously edited and independ ent of all political and personal alliances, its general news departments are carefully ed* 1 ted, and written In a bright, racy Planner. Its telegraphic servicc of the New York Associated Press and supplemental arc full and exhaustive. Its commercial and market departments are accurate and the general moke-lip of the nnper fresh and entertaining. The steadily ana rapidly growing circulation of the paper is ample evidence of the esteem in which it is lielil. Tf yon wish a paper with all the news of South Carolina, and editorial matter that leads public opinion, you should take the Qalumhia rjuili/ Itroiztpr. The Weekly Register contains eight pages of solid reading matter, comprising all the news of the week and the telegraphic dispatches up to the hour of going to pre*s. The distinguishing features of the Weekly Jtef/ister arc its completeness and variety. Hensationalism is rigid'.* excluded from its columns, and it is modr a paper which is entirely IntcreBting and at the same time so thorougly free from anything pernicious that it Is gladly Welcomed in all parts of the Union. .Send I <.nr> rtnllnr tr> I'harles A. Calvo. Jr.. I'ronrietor. I for a year's subscription and Judge of its merits." A Hint to Prrachtm. Associate Reformed Presbyterian, In order to impress a elans ot chlldrrn favor-j ably. a congregation of worshippers, or a rending pubiie, it is of first importance that we secure their good will. \\ c must com-J maud their respect by being respectful, and secure their confidence by assuring thein of our kindly intent. It is the custom of some public speakers to employ very ohjectional and even abusive terms in addressing ?n audience of Christian men and women. One told Ills hearers, on one occasion, that they were thieves and robbers. It may liavo been i... 01...00 >11. ?r convincing. In order to secure on the part of either hearer or reader tlie attention and consideration which our words deserve, or may seem to deserve, wc must bo kind aud respectful. A frusta, May 2fi.?A meeting in the Interest of the Augusta and Chattanooga Railroad was held here to-day. Delegates were present from several counties and all gave the most : oncoumgipg reports. Washington and Klbcnton are bidding for the road to ?hrough I their I owns." The contemplated uui'c imams | between the two. w " " /. "*v., 3g Abbeville, Andertoti, lft*berry, Oeo- '*3 nee, Plchetik< ' Kewberry Herald arid Newt. j The Third Congressional District is in&flfe do, ??j| of the above Counties, and has been notS - m sen ted for Ave snccesslve terms: 1870, llfitp.i 1880,1882 and 1884 to 1888, by Hon. D. Wyatt '?M Aiken of Abbeville. He will not be a candl- ziH date for re-election, and we had hoped that'/ -'jjj Abbeville wonld follow the example of Spai* . tanburg, when the successor to till the vacancy, occasioned by the death of Hon. John H. .*s EvinsWastobe nominated. Knowing that Spartanburg had enjoyed the honor of Jhe of* flee for. four successive term?,.ahe left the nam-. Ji ingoCh|8successor .to theother comities, and Hon. ;W. H. I'erry Wus elected. But-A.ebevlUe - *3 it seems is jioHtaiJafl??d, tlud although she ho* . ;S feasted upon the choicest of the loaves and - >aaB fishes, she wants more. I^et tas see Vrhot Ab- i bevllia has had since the Democrats came in- -jjHM to power: 1st; The Congressman ten years, D. Wyatt 33 Aifien, 1878, 1W8,1880,1882 aud 1881. , ,, . , . A . 2nd. The Solicitor, Eighth Circuit, HOru Hi , S."Cothran, 1878, 1880. Resigned in 1881 to 'At*-. Vgfl co^t the position of Judge of the Eighth 'Cir^ . yjZM| or j. Judge of the Eighth Circuit, Tbot. i4sj Thomson, 1878; J. 8. Cothrun appointed 1881. re-elected 1881,4885. . , , /, 4th. Associate Justice Supreme Courts Sam- sm nel McGowan. 1879,1882. Compare this with ? what the other couniics have received ahd '<? mark the difference. The Solicitor of the 8th Circuit, Col. James . T. flrr u'ns irlven to Anderson in 187H- hut hH?. - .isH has since removed to Greenville, and shoo Id . 'vifj bo conslderod as a portion or Green villa's ? .3 share, and not Anderson's, therefore, Ander- . r son Is lea without Newberry has bad the Superintendent of the Penitentiary,and after - ' :* wailing until 1882, broke the slate and secured ' % the nomination of Capt. Jas. N. Lipscomb as v*a Secretary of State. Oconee has had none of the officers of the State, and Pickens nothing until MaJ. Bradley was appointed collector of \ IniciuS' Avenue; T?t, Abbeville asks these , \ counties to stand aside (Vg?ln, ftnd give her .* the Congrefsman. . Col. Benet, Senator Maxwell and Mr, Jas. Hi .. >iS RlCe *ero metitloncd before the Withdrawal).:: ' of Col. Aiken, and not content with tbeS?V' 8 they prevailed upon Judge Cothran, who was . jy In December last re-clected Jud?e of., the 8th . 01 rcuit for a full tertii of four years, to allow - & his name to be used in this connectioiv. It would 6eem that they are determined that the. .' *? other counties shall nave no voice in the mat- <t '< ter except to meet and approve.- of the ?eleo> . ; tlon maile by them from tbeir -own county. .. We do not think that Anderson. Oconee nud--. Pickfetts are prepared to admit that they have. bo claim upon this bfllce. ?No man who is < capable or repreaeuting.Ahem 4s willing to ,-v concede all tbfe honors w Abbeville. We are ? % sure that Newbei^y will not irake any 6uch < .-i concession. We fiaVe plenty of. Congres?^i>> Ibhal timber, as good as ever grew upon mo - xm soil of any county, sinl] we are prcpnred to /";*3 say that If Andersoti) Oconee atu! Pickens -Jm will unite with. u<h thrtt the Honor *1 in 1J go lo? - M ohtJ tlirifc at lep?st to a citizen llvlnc beyond; * .3 the border^ of-^Abbfcvllle County. Wd harft. < not aught to toy.against the gentlemen who * are candldaiea.fromAbbeville: they are all men of merit; but on thai- Acoro. we do not - ^ yield to any ; and while we have pointed ouk-<the advantages Abbeville hati hitherto enjoy- -i\ ed over the other counties, at the Mine tlmo wc do notudrnlt that her favored one* are i more meritorious, but have only been more -.-3 fortunate in securing the prizes, and it is pos- 8 slble that Abbeville is being influenced by others. We find the following In the Greenville Xeut: .:'3H I -.'f the well authenticated story that Judge 2a C??hran wishes or Is willing to go to Congress sg be true, the contest in that district is settled, /"Jj The other geutlemen who cherished ambition . in that direction iuny as well hang up thclt1 . little fiddles and bows graceftilly and quickly./ jj or utilize them to make the Cothran procos* a slon musical -and harmonious. The Judgtt .?? enn beat any man in the district for anything ' .i-a in the gift of the people. If there should be a vacancy in the Judge- - -3 ship of this circuit bow would J. L. Orr do !*> ;.- -:3s All It? ;> This looks as If Greenville has had somt^o- % thing to do with the Cothran tnove and looks' also, its If It was a lawyer's move In the inter- .; -vSj| est of lawyers. Klect Judge Cothran to Con- . > - -? gress, Col. Orr, Judge, and some other lawyer, j A solicitor, and you will find Greenville (not In fCm the Congressional District) happy; ktid the ' '? lawyers-elect happy. But what have 1 be fdf mors to say about this? If tbo QieehtHid Aretn' estimate of Judge Cothran'a strengtfl Is correct, the lawyers will certainly unite on J udgc Cotbran, to get the Congressman. Judge . 3 and solicitor. Now wn would suggest that the farmers unite on Capt. Lipscomb and ac- J cept the Abbeville plan of nominating?the , primary, and we will see whether the farmers ? nave to hang up their little fiddles 01 hot. Tbe Presbyterian Church Settle* th<S Evolution Question. The sixth day's proceedings of the general V-| assembly of the Presbyterian Church, Boutli, . on Tuesday, was devoted to the discussion or the question of evolution. The debate wad ; opened by Dr. R. IC. Smoot, of Texas, In favor of the majority report, contending that the matter is properly before the Assembly for decision, and not a matter of convenience or v ??n?<iioni.v flint It cannot be deferred. Drs? George I). Armstrong. W. F. Jnnklii and Or B. Strlckler followed In support of the autyor'' ity report. In favoring the minority report Dr. F. L. Ferguson, or Louisiana, opposed action at this time by the Assembly,on the ground that it would prejudice the case of Dr. Woodrowy now pending in the lower court of the churchy Dr. \v. Filnn and Dr. Woodrow closed ti>? dc bale on the minority report. Dr. Woodrow did not speak in support of; or even advance his theories of evolution, but spoke against the propriety of the convention taking action now, and against the Assembly adopting the report of the majority, alleging the creatton to have been immediate. Tho majority report was adopted by an ovefwhelming vote of 1ST to IS. To several overtures on the subloct of ovolu- > tlon of man sent up by the Presbyteries, the General Assembly returns answer as follows i The church remalus at this time sincerely convinced that the scriptures as truly and authoritatively expounded in our "confession of faith" and catecnlsm teach that Adam and Eve were created body and soul by the imme-' diate act of the Almighty Power, thereby preserving perfect race unity. That Adam's body was directly fashioned by Almighty S God without any natural animal parentage of any kind, out or matter previously created of nothing, and that any doctiine at variance therewith Is a dangerous error, inasmnch as by the method of interpreting the Scriptures which It must demand, and in consequences which by fair implication it will involvp, It will lead to a denial ot the doctrines fuudtv mental to faith. Primary for Congresii* Newberry Observer. It is very desirable that the primary system of election be adopted for nominating congressman. Only in this way can the choicc of a large portion of the citizens be expressed. If the nomination be made by convention, the entire issue. In this county at least, will be centered In tnc flghl for two men ; or that is the present indication. The contest will bo as to which of the two candidates In the field shall get a majority of delegates Jn the county convention which shall send delegates to I the congressional convention. The people of this county can well imagine what kind of I nonlesL th:it will he: it will be bitter. Tbo county will bo divided into partisan factions over the two candidates, and In aH probability tlic unpleasantness of 18M Will be repeated. 1'rlmary election will obviate this. Another reason for a primary Is that it will enable all In the county who do not wish to support either candidate to vote for a candidate from some other county. The fact need not be disguised that there is a pretty large contingent of voters in Newberry county who do not want either Mr. Johnstone or >lr? Eipscoml). With a primary these voters canr give their support co any candidate they prefer from another county. Without a primary they will have no voice whatever iu the selection of a candidate. Let us have the primary. ^ IIIffh, but lfarmlrftg Fnll. LaurennWe Herald. . A little flvcyenr-old girl, Lllla, daughter of Sir. and Mrs. J. M. Vlsanskn, of this plnco, j fell from a second-story window of her futh! er's residence, Inst Sunday, n distance of abouttwenty feet, but escaped without any Injury whatever, saven little fright. The little girl, ; it seems, was playing In an upper room, i alone, the window Minds of which were shut but not fastened. It Is supposed she sat down ' on the sill ol the window nnd leaned against i the blinds, which, being uufasleucd, slie fell out backwards. The Honor to Governor Thompson* Laurens Herald. Is It pnrtof a "Third Term" programmer which only cost $30?the .travelling expenses to and fro? By declining does Gov. Thomp-^ son establish a claim In the mschlno psru^^M*^ l for a ri:-nomlnailon ? If MVirvf^T *?'t and might ns well WasmtU