The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, May 12, 1886, Image 1

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ijj BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, MAY 12, 1886. VOLUME XXX. NO. 4o. :J| ? I |? I - mjUBmiUi'jriTi? u> uvlama-Trey .7TO7IB ii unisgTMitTO*?BMT?gg?gnmrrogf^^?? THE MEMORIAL ADDRESS. ! v DELIVERED BY MR. CHARLES P. PRESSLEY IN AUGUSTA. Ail Able and Eloquent Oration Dolirered 011 the 2(>th of April at the Soldiers' Section in the *,'ity C'ein- j etery. JjCidie* of the Memorial Association, Friendx and JTcllow-citizem: "Woman was lust; at the cross and first j iU the crave." Sneli is the epitome of her j life during the late struggle which culmi- j Elated in the heart-rendering scone at Ap-; jpomattox, the (iethsemane and Cavalry) of the Southern cause. During that) Mnodv strife the Southern woman, with the fond devotion and confident hope of a 1 Mary Magdalene, remained true to every relation of life, and looked with anxious eyes for the dawn ol" a better and bright- 1 er day. For every hero on the field there ' was a heroine in the home, with sorrow- 1 ful, yet loyal heart, the Southern woman I kept the lonely fireside, provided wifh ,< eager hands for those who had gone "to i< the front," watched and ministered at the | < bedside of suffering, and assisted in the 1 3ast sad rites around the graves of ourM linmif. cliin Whpil tllO r?i'trf?d survivor.: 1 with none of the honors of war save its ? < scars, returned to find his home a heap of11 ruins, it was her bright smile and Jier:-' cheering voice which brought solace and,1 encouragement to a crushed and dishcart-; i ened people. On the 9th of April, 38S->,' i when the curtain of darkness went down j -on the last act of the awful tragedy, when ! i :the Lost Cause passed with a wail intoj< history, when the hills and valleys of our ; 1 Southland were bleak and desolate, in i (that midnight hour of gloom, the eye of f 2ier hope saw a star, and the ear of her t faith heard the rustle of a wing. j i The observance of this as a day of me-; t morial is due to the ihoughtfut and loyal jf heart of a Southern matron. It would be j <r a breach of.gallantry and of gratitude I were I to pass-over in silence the precious , t and priceless contributions which have j I been made to the Southern cause by the j t hand and heart of Southern women. ! t This is a day of memories. The desire ! t to Remember, as welfas to be remember- j 1 c<J, is a sentiment comtncvn 10 iiuiiianiu. | i Every civilized people perpetuate in fit- t ting memorial the illustrious characters I and decisive events in their history, j r Ksjjypt. has her Pyramids, France her la Pantheon and Arch ef Triumph, and j I England her Abbey. The-graves of the c buried are marked by modestly-inscribed I < Mono or the stately monument. The i very form and features of the great are j t preserved in marble; their words andac-11 tions survive upon the printed . page.'t Tiie chisel of tho sculptor, the brush ofj i the painter and the pen of the historian j i have contributed their skill and kuowl-, i <idge to enshrine the virtues and heroic,' achievements of the dead for the cmula-; i mn aK tl.A liviTXr j ?1 The observance of a day, however, isj s 'lie most beautiful and the most impres- j < ?ive of all memorials. The granite shaft > 1 3s eold, and void <>f sympathy or luspira- \ tion. The marble column stands silent, 11 iin'd has no voice to tell the life of the gallant hero whose name it bears. The c mausoleum and the abbey are but then mute and dismal witnesses of death. { The page of history is chilled by the sim- i jjlo garl? of letters and figures. On an oe- \ >casion like this, however, a buried past is 1 revived in a living, speaking present, if! The names and deeds of the illustrious! i dead are freshened in our memories, and ! ] passion is rekindled, by mingling our;, hearts and voices with those that com-! i memoratc the fame and glory-of our his-11; torv. The fevered pulse of business is j stayed, and the great soul of the com- I imiiaHv tln-ohw ill Inriiiniiv wif.h the asso- ! s viatioiis of a sainted past. Enthusiasm is [ I Mronsed, and recollection stirred by the 11 sweet perfume o! flowers, the gleam of I .sabre and bayonet; the strains of mar-'I tial music and bv the animated throng of, t ]>eoj>le from the highways of life. Eng- ; \ land commemorates the 21st of October as i t tlie day of Nelson and Trafalgar, and thej 38th of June as the anniversary of \Va- Ic terloo. France has her "Republic's ;1 Day." and the downfall of the Hastile is' i jierpetuited by tho observance of the 14th ; t of July. Our country observes the 22d |l of February as the birthday of Washing- 11 ion, and the 4th of July is celebrated as|i the day upon which the United States of It America assumed their position in the j f -i -? mm.? \t ??t I 4 MStRriHIOU in UilllOUS. J.J1U Ol'lll vi iUi^v it is religiously kept by our brethren of the I 'J North for the decoration of the graves of! I the Federal dead. Ii?. J8^(>, through the j I earnest efforts ot Mrs. Charles J. Wil-! t liums, of Columbus, (5-a., this day was | ] set apart as a perpetual and sacred memo- i 1 rial of the South. In many of our.South- j t ern cities there is a growing indifference! to the observance of this custom. Such 11 a spirit is craven aid ungrateful. Let us ! < remember that this is the only day which i t is couimemoratecl by the South as a peo- j c pie. Are there no events in our history i i worthy of such a custom ? Has the past j c jio bright spot to which we may recur with proud recollection? Have we no'/ heroes whose names and deeds are enti- j t tied to our remembrance? Are wo be-11 conning faithless to the memory of a cause 11 which was hallowed l>y the prayers of i ( <our mothers and cemented by the blood j r o fiM i <>l (1WI lUtUris; Ail.iutv mm tUiii tun unv J <lay has been saved from oblivion and l consecrated to an unfortunate but a most glorious .struggle. With the staunchest r <lev?tion to a common country, let usi; ever delight to observe this only South-1; ?rn anniversary. Shall we a) low it to be-1 ( come obsolete because it commemorates t 11 strife in which wo were overpowered I < and overthrown? Are we to forgot it ' because it mingles memories of defeat J ] with our feelings of pride? Were those! I heroes less heroic because they fell in bat- 1 tie and sleep to-day in bloody graves? ' If the Mahometan can celebrate the llight i of his great prophet from Mecca to Me-is -/ limi. .if tlio Uolnvw c;in ohsprvn flip (l:iv i i upon which the temple of his God was I destroyed, shall we not perpetuate the' i hallowed associations which cluster around the Southern cause? < Though Andrew Hat'ersulFercd a felon's < death in the service of his country, his < name is proudly preserved by the peas-jj ant of Tyrol, and Irinspouck has become j famous as the place of his burial, i Though Harold fell in defeat on the1; heights of Senbac, his character andli achievements have become an immortal j: . part of English history. Though Wil-ji liain Wallace died at the block, the honor and gallantry of his life are cherished ?s a precious inspiration by Scotland's doughty sons. Shall we be less loyal to/wir f-ili/Ji, lipmoii !iml the trlories of our ilistory ? Let the chivalry of Southern j manhood and the devotion of Southern ! womanhood in the ages to come answer j the question. In the ceremonies of this day it is too often the custom of speakers to revive # the dead Sssues of slavery and secession,' and make them the chief objects of their; memorial. They would disinter the ciry i bones of those political skeletons, array them in the trappings of war, and then] invoke the vision of Ezekiel as the prom-1 ise that they will live and flourish again. | By so doing these desecrators of history not only misapply Scripture, but ignore! the peculiar glory of that peculiar con- i test. I will not disturb the graves of: these questions to justify or defend them. J I have no time aud less ability or disposition to discuss the merits of secession. As a practical question it is a mistake and a failure. Xke Thirteenth Amendment to our Na-. tionnl Constitution lias obliterated slavery from our sorial and political history. Forone, 1 believe that the hand of God, which displays itself in the decisive events of time, in .striking our govern-1 mental system this object of olfence and subject of contention has left the union of these States purer and stronger than ever. j liut for the purpose of this communication, what matters it whether the ae-i tion of the .South in dissolving its con-; ncetion with the general government was :?* ^ ?i?immca9 Tf 1i-i | I IN I UI" li IIJ UNI, ni.tvui III1III.7U. ^ V .. , licl to charge the South with rebellion,' The Confederate soldier, bowing to the! solemn decision of the majority in con-1 ventions assembled, fell into line, fought! and died for his convictions, for what he; believed to be the original power and j purposes of our national government. "Who does better than lie who puts his' best thought, his highest and maturest; convictions of right into his life-work?! Perfection is for God alone. Among men, he deserves well who follows with j unfaltering courage where his beat and most enlightened judgement leads." Conscience made the Southern soldier ihe bravest of the brave. To him thej quarrel was just, to him the call of his I country was the call of his God, and the . ause to which he gave his life's blood | ivas to him tlie cause of homo and native | and. No nation ever entered the lists of battle with higher and nobler purposes than did the Southern people on :hc 12th of April, 18(>1 ; and when they nirrendered their hopes with their arms hey retired from the scene of war with io stain on their gallant and honorable record. Let us then commemorate to-day the wines of those who have given to the: Jon federate cause its unlading fame, and J et us mark again on the tablet of our ncniorv the places which have made the I reographv of the South immortal. In he name of Loo alone the South has al )ass-word to the respect and.admiration >f the world. In the history of nations, is in the lives of individuals, there is a ireat ana lasting lnnuencc in u immi;. | '.t has served as the war cry upon the icld of battle ; it has stocd as the em)!cm of honor and courage; and from it housatids have drawn the inspiration of heir lives., Let lis garner to-day from lie fields cf the past the names of oar ilustrious dead and preserve thorn in the treat store-house of history. In remembering hose who wore thostarsand straps et us not -forget tho. non-commissioned ipd the private. Let the burial places of ill who died for the "bonnio blue Hag" ? decked with these tokens ot our fondest remembrance. Though the graves of >11 r heroes b ) in the billowy deep or lpon some far olF mountain side, and hough upon the tombs of many we read hat pathetic word "Unknown," yet here is a name for the known and the mknown, for the buried ard the unbured, which binds them all in one comnon circle of glory, and. that name is 'Confederate Dead." Though n<> stone na.v mark the spot where the Southern oldier sleeps, though the sobbing of the ica. or ilie signing 01 me wmu uu iu.> >nly dirge, yet upon the scroll of honor ?is name shall survive in letters of light vhen tlie "storied urn" is dust and the narhle shaft moulders in ruin. Lot us, too, look to-uav :it the map oi nir Southland with renewed pride. Malassas, Gettysburg, Wilderness and Apjomaltox should ho indelibly marked ipon the geography of our country. Let is also note eaeh lesser spot whore valor dodand died. "The red old hills ofGoor:ia" have been immortalized i?y Sliernan's disastrous "March to the Sea-." Ressaea, Lalton, Kennesnw Mountain, Atlanta and Fort'McAllister will ever eniain bright and memorable places ijK>n tno map 01 our Mate. lint the special object of our rcinem)r:uieo and commemoration to-dfv hould be the character and tho lives of he dead. The Confederate soldier was he impersonation of that which is nodest in thought, truest in leeiing and iravest in action. In Ins disposition lie re were mingled the tenderness of a voman, the humanity of u Christian and he chivalry of a knight. The same courtesy of manner which haraeterized him in the domestic relaionsof life, distinguished him in the tryng ordeal of battle. The aJl'eetionate Jailer and devoted husband became on the ield of carnage the most daring and fearess of soldiers. His character was eoltmed, strengthened and ennobled by the ender amenities of the fireside. The amil.v is not only the formation of sociey, but the test of individual excellence. L'hc record of the Southern soldier was >ut the splendid development of maniood. which had been trained to love nilh and home, :uul to die l'or honor, faithful to thudutics of the family circle, to became loyal to (lie cause of his counry. It would be a futile task were I to at- ( empt a recital of the countless examples )f heroism and sell-sacrifice which adorn he record of the South in that stubborn iontest between the States. History is eplete with illustrations. Let us, how ;ver, recur to a lew general lads. The number of Federal soldiers in the ield during the war was 2,(500,000, while lie entire available force capable of aclve service, enrolled from first to last in he Confederate armies was only 600,000. Jontendinj^ jijjpiinst those i'oart'ul odds, md the mighty resources of a national rovernmcnt the .South for four years held he result trembling in the balance. Now listen, my friends, at the sequel. Hie total casualties of the Federal armies iggregating two and a half million men unounted to only 280,000, while of the 500,000 enlisted iu'the Confederate service lie number of the slain reached the Ireadful figures of "00,000. In all the kvars of history valor has never roared a prouder memorial. The South with her locks all gory, and her garments all tailored, fell at last from waste of blood, l'o make the record of this struggle still [nore fa'uous and memorable let us consider in a word the privation and extremty to which our people were reduced. On the last day of the year 1S(>4 fortynine dollars in Confederate money were worth only one dollar in gold. Of this i fxr I bo vJ /?i?i 11 r\? ? i tr\l _ :lier received eleven dollars, or ->> cents in ?ood money, as the monthly wages of his perilous service. Then to intensify the horror of his situation he was haunted i>v the consciousness that his wife and little ones were in institution at home and exposed to the ruthless treatment of a mercenary army. Starving, ragged and sicK-at-heart, the Confederate soldier led the charge with impetuous enthusiasm, and stood the storm of battle with undaunted couraire. lie has left a record which eclipses the exploits of the "tenth legion of C?csar," or the National (iuardof Napoleon. Such thon ij Jlwi /.li'ii-w.t-i.r wn wvmlil vr?m>r:iff? awl cherish, and such the life we would j preserve. Let tins remain a day of perpetual commemoration. As the dust of those heroes mingles with the soil of our country, so let the glory of their lives lie the permeating influence of our history. Let ns bequeath their fame to remotest posterity, as a leiracy more previous than gold, and more lasting than the eternal hills. Our Aryan ancestors cherished the beau.iful superstition that when the good and the great of earth died, they were translated to tho heavens, and became, stars to light, guide and protect tho living. If this were our belief, oh! how tho skies of our southland would glow upon the vision ; what a galaxy of constellation would reach from horizon to horizon; what sweet, tender influences would j beam upon us from our star-lit heavens. I I "While (his is a day of mommy, it is also one of hope. In tho midst of death wo ! are in 1 iCo. From a huriod past lot us do; rive inspiration for tho future. Tho livos i and characters of our lath rs should loach ns how to live. lieliof in these heroes [should make us heroic. We as a people have not only a history to cherish, bid a mission to perform. The sunlight of peace falls in soft radiance to-day on tho graves of our dead, and throws a sheen of cheering brightness upon tho luture ot onr country. This occasion is not only the resting place of memory, but the shirting point of renewed energy. Let us then look out from these hallowed associations of tho past, and pledge ourselves to tho hiirh and urgent demands <>1* life. From these scenes of l'ond recollections, duty calls us to action. Wo stand to-day upon the threshold of a great national era. In the memories of this day we are, sometimes, in the hopes and achievements of the future, let us be Americans. ( Jod has allotted a noble destiny to this nation. Ho has assigned it the highest station in tho progress of time. Asia is the birthplace of man, and the] scene of his infancy. Europe is the school J /-vf* l*?.a xr/Mifli on/I f oi'nno rst* hie train-I ing and early development. America is the lioine of iii.s matured manhood. JI ore; he will realize the perfection of his pow-l era and the full fruition of his hopes. Upon tho shores of this Western world the grandest triumphs of humanity are to be won. AVhat an incitement this should hoi to us to bury all the bitter wranglings of the past, nr.d to stand shoulder to shoulder in our maintenance and preservation of a reunited country! While we walk amid these tombs and"scatter Jlowers upon tho graves of our heroic slain, let us not l'oriret the claims of the living and of posterity. The highest hopes ot our country and of the world depend upon the preservation of our National Union. I am persuaded that the Southern people are too proud and honorable ever to break the parole of Appomattox. In keeping it, thej'will be marching in line, not only with the current of history, but with the enit'it. fii' tliowo hprimct u'liii for wllSlfc they believed to bo the integrity of our government. Never forget, my friends, thnt the late war was a strife between the States, and not between tho .States and tho Union. "Tho Union never made war upon the South." Party passion destroyed the very "domestic tranquility," which it was 'blended "to insure;" and that power which is provided for tho "common defense" was arrayed by sectional bitterness against the several and separate divisions of our country. Lot us, then, today plight our faith anow "to preserve, protect and defend" the political covenant made by our fathers, which has safely le;l this people through tho wanderings and vicissitudes of a century, and now assures to us and our posterity tho consummation of a grand national destiny. Let us widen the stiipes and brighten the stars, wnieh are the token and the pledge of our past and future glorv. Wave on, llag of our country, wave forever. liiiils'oad Mpotins. At 11 o'clock, Tuesday, May 4th, a! meeting of ihe citizens of Elberton aaid I Elbert county and representatives fro in ' South Carolina in the iuteres', of the pro- j posed Chester, Greenwood, Abbeville and | Elberton Uailroad, was organized at the Court House by calling Hon. J. P. Shan-' non to the chair and the appointment of i W. O. Butler, secretary. Messrs. L. \V. Perriu, Capt. J. T. Parks, j E. M. i I ticker, T. C. Seal and O. T. Calhoun, of South Carolina, were called up- j on for speeches and responded, enlisting I the attention, eliciting the applause, and j promised hearty co-operation of the people present in a most important railway enterprise. These gentlemen represented their own people on the proposed linens greatly enthused over the road, and determined to huild it, and only asked that, Elbert county do her part in building tho road to the Savannah river and meet them there. in behalf of Elberton and Elbert county and their disposition 10 do their part in the matter, Messrs. .J. 1\ .Shannon, Rev. J. II. Grogan. G. 0. Grogan and J. X. Worley spoke the sentiment of the people in endorsing the enterprise. On motion of G. C. Grogan, Esq., the chairman was requested to appoint a com-: mittee of ten to confer in the afternoon with the South Carolina gentleman present on the proposed road. This was constituted as follows: G. 0. Grogan, J. X. Worley, II. K. Gairdner, M. i>. Deadwy lor, M. P. Watkins, J. V>. .Jones, Sr., 1j. M. Dadisman, 'J'. J. Herndon, 1). C. Smith, J. If. Ntovall. Mr. L/W. Porrin, of Abbeville, gave notico of a railroad mooting to bo held it) Greenwood, S. early in June, and, on motion of Dr. M. P. Dcadwyler, the chairman appointed the following to go to that meeting, with power to appoint their alternates: Messrs. M. P. liendwyler, D. A. Mathews, J. X. Worle.v, W. M. Wilcox, MeAlpin Arnold and E. M. llucker. The following preamble and resolutions were adopted: Whereas, The railroad situation, as it affects Elberton, seems to be that our chances are good for the Chester, Greenwood, Abbeville ami Elberton ltailroad, as well as (he Augusta and Chattanooga Railroad, therefore ho it Iieaolrcd, That we heartily enter into -i .. * .! ? / I /? a r- 1> "!> Clio project til inu v., vx., jtl. iv jj. iv. iu, and further Jtcxolrcri, That Ave send five delegates to the mass meeting of the Augusta and Chattanooga Railroad at Augusta, on the lOtli of May. The following gentlemen were appointed under this resolution: Messrs..!. II. Grogan, J. W. Roberts, II. K. Gairdner, E. U. Tale and R. F. Wright. The meeting then adjourned to convene on the 1st Tuesday in Juno for further conference. J. P. SIIAXXOX, Chairman. W. 0. Bi'Tlhk, Secretary. ACTION OF COMMITTJCK OF TEX. At- fl.f, tiinol! nor nil Timtsfln v Ul\/ VUUJUIIVHV ...v.v?. ,.n V,.. * ..VMM.y | afternoon tho nature of t!io charter required in this ,Slate was fully discussed | and a committee from Kibort, consisting of Geo. C. Grogan, J. Is". Worley, M. J'. j Watkins, J. ]?. Jones, Sr., and M. P. j Deadwyler, was appointed to obtai/i a! charter for the Georgia line of this road,! and t<> request others in each of the counties of this Slate through which it would run to 1)0 joined with them. The charter of the Chester, Greenwood i and Abbeville Pail road provides for touching the Savannah river at any point] from a point opposite Lowndesvillo to; Barksdale Ferry, on said river. Jlon. Ii. \V. Perrin presided over the| committee meeting and much useful in-j formation was given by him, and the committee put itself into working shape. At a meeting of the sioekholders to be held in Greenwood, S. C., of which precise time Mr. \V. O. Butler will be given notice, this committee of Hlbertwill ren' uur u rupuii. luuMuin .............. ... Ij. \V. PKKHJX, Chairman. G ko. C. Gijooan, Secretary. The A itf/itxfa Chronicle throws out a "pointer for farmers" when it asserts that' it does not pay to feed a scrub; you are] only throwing away your feed and labor. ! Anil here is where the majority lose by buying and fattening poor slock. If a [thoroughbred or grade can bo made, at two or three years of age, to weigh as much?and they can?as a scrub at four, hero wo have one and two years' feediag< lost, and.cortainly this does not pay. ] 'THE SCIENCE OF FABmrsI; IMPORTANT FARM WORE FOR MAY. i I A ('?:?])arixoii of (h? Old and \ow, | Nlylo ?f Cnltivai ion?-The ISarroiv j iind the I'low^CIicap Forage Hake i Cheap Cotton and Cheap Pork? j Winter Oats. Southern Cultivator. I The eartli is now warm enough for grass and 11 I weeds to grow rapidly. They cannot be per- j < milted to share with the crops the plant food i in the soil; extermination of them is now the order ol'tite day. Jlow to accomplish this < economically, rapidly and without injury toj< ' young crops is one ol the nicest problems the 11 farmer is called upon to solve, in (tie recent j1 progress of agriculture, the old-time method | < of running around young plants with a narrow scooter, having a board nailed to l'oot and 1 beam on one side to prevent throwing dirt on ' the little plants, lirst gave way to the sweep. < The latter shaved the surface nicely, and with ' | its wing running quite flat threw very little l j dirt. Moreover the siding furrows swept out the middles at th'e same time, a great advance I over two siding furrows with scooters und 'subsequent breaking of the middles with j shovels. Hut witn the nicest work of the j sweep, there is still a narrow strip along the j line of plants which is undisturbed, and upon j which grass can (irmly fix itselt. To destroy , it. the hoe was called into requisition. This ( involved heavy expense, unpleasant contact j wuii larjor ami gri-iii. ucinaiiu jor iiauua m chop out cotton. Next. ciime broadcast cultivation Willi a harrow in the first stages of the crop, with heel scrapes and cultivators later. This is as far ns we have advanced; indeed,! most farmers have not yet readied this point, j and the method is not yet, perhaps, fully per-1 1'ecJed. lint from the very nature of things u-e must advance in thlsdireclion?machines, j implements, horse-power, must supplant hand iahor more and more. How to cheapen | production is the problem of the hour. Our j fathers pushed labor to the utmost in clearing . forests and cultivating virgin soils. Since the | j war the use of fertilizers has been developed j to great perfection; and now surroundings demand the most extended use of machinery mid horse-power. All departments of indus- . try are moving in this direction, and agrienl- [ lure cannot lag behind. Cautiously, wisely, j judiciously it must go on. j Cotton. 1 Our readers will remember the articles pub- , lished last year in Tiik Cultivator on broad- t cast cultivation with the harrow. The points j winch seem to oo wen setueu were 111:11. 00-1 struct ions must be removed?trash in shape of corn and cotton stalks cut up or knocked I to pieces and buried by breaking land with! largo turn ploughs; beds, if any, to tic low] anu leveled down with burrow immediately j alter planting; if rain follow* planting quickly, harrow as soon as dry enough, neverallowing a crust to form. As soon as cotton begins fairly to come up, run harrow obliquely across rows?never in the direction of the rows?iu four or Jive days run obliquely across again in j the opposite direction so that these two harrowing may beat right angles to each other, j In three or four days harrow again across the ! la<t. These harrowing* must begin early and ! be repeated rapidly to thin out the cotton, j which tney can do whilst the plants are very ; young and tender?when still yellow. When ! older ami tougher they will be pushed aside! often.without being destroyed. The cotton' now neing considerably thinned, grass and j weeds thoroughly killed, and the surface nice-1 ly pulverized, the crop is in condition to he j easily cultivated with sweep or scrape, it is ; said alsi> that in the condition left by the bar-; rowings a good hand can chop to a stand two 1 acres oi coltou a uay. j ; Shallow Cultivation?FirmistK NoocJ.; t If the .soil is supplied with humus, ami tlie . ? Inmi well prepared, cultivation should hcvery j shallow from iho .start. In hard soil, disposed ' e. to run together alter rain, a ileej> plowing is ' perhaps admissible when the cotton is very i | young, but not otherwise. Jn two experi-i t ments made successively iu l.ssI and lfiSTi atjt the Alabama Experiment Station, to test, el- j feets ot deep and shaliow cultivation, there j K was a ilill'crcnee respectively of K"> and 10!' j pounds of seed cotton per acre iu favor of shallow cultivation throughout. The two plats were prepared, manured and cultivated j exactly alike, except t hat wjien the cotton on j one plat. was about a foot high it, was plowed , * deep with a long scooter and scrape, as is ire- \ quently done by farmers, and its roots consid-1,s erablycui. The scrape should always be a ^ tached behind the foot of the plow, not in,;, ft out of it, and 1 lie scooter used witu it should j j be very .short, just long enough to keep the!1 #% #?*? imI.-I mi* Hu? lifit. ^ (H'JIjLI'l tIJf I -XI.M/I. 1 ? Mil .in I inr% i .m< roin of the furrow. Another interesting ex-jl perimcnt niadoat the same station id list rates i' a point, we have often urued. to-wit. the inij)or-,' lance of pressing or tinning seed in the soil 10 i ^ insure prom pi germi nation. Cotton was ; planted in two adjacent rows on ihcMimo day " with two dili'ereni cotton planters, one cover- j j ing the seed in the usual manner, the oilier throwing the dirt into a ridge over the seed [ aud theii pressing it down on tin; seed by a j1 roller rigidly attached to the machine; weath-! r er was dry. Where the roller pressed the dirt | L' upon the seed, a stand was secured in teii |11 days; the other did noisome up until after a ) ; rain had fallen and some twenty-lour days at- * tsr being planted. JlRCiiinc lla<!p Cotton. Inventors have not as yet given up the hope j or the possibility of perfecting a machine for ;? chopping cotton. There is every probability!, that one can be made which will "bunch" cot- j. ton .satisfactorily. But the same end might j: be reached hy a planter dropping the seed in \ hills. The mere hunching, however, is not the j most important tiling to he com passed : kill- j: ingthe grass nlontr the Hue of dri!i and thin-; j niiig the bunch out so the plants will not! crowd and dwarf each other are the main de- j' sideratn. Tltis, it. strikes us, the harrow will! ^ do better than anything else. After the liar- ; row has done Its work, then probably a chop-11 per might be used advantageously. The bring- ] t iug to a (inul stand, will probably always re-; { quire some band labor, but, aside from this, ! J cotton cultivation ought, to be done exclusive- j, )y by machines. We have no doubt the prop- ' , er implements for the purpos-.i will lie forth- ^ coming in due time. .Machine made cotton j y alone in this country can compete with that i ' raised by cheap labor in India and ei sew here, j: i nnior.asicj* ?2" I'arJy WorTiJisfy. !l ft is of the first, importance that the early I ij workings of crops should be repeiitoo at short j r intervals, and thoroughly done. 'Sow is the i lime to kill Ki'ass willi U'u-t labor. If allowed ;a to get a s'.roii" foothold, it will lake three li times as ini:eh work to kill it next month as I'J i ' ! ii ilit !t iinn' To v 111 ilh ill" of the i n injury done by robbing the crop (it' food, and i ;i the bruising and disturbing of the plants in o getting the strongly rooted grass away from j s them. Al least once in ten days the harrows j? or plows should pass over, and whatever hoe 1 r work is needed bo given without hesitation or 11.1 delay. the ground happens to in; dry, don't is In* deceived into tbc buiiff tint. the crop is ' t cloan because the young grass is covered with h dust and is not plainly visible. Y\'c have seen a many a crop ruined i?y carelessness just at c this point. A dry May chirks the growth ofja grass and lolls the fanner into laucied si-< uri- i 1 ty. A wot June follows, the grass springs 11 ]> | ji like magicand he never catches up with itjs again. I r V.'orktnsv Corn With the Mow. If (lie harrow has been properly used in tin-1 eornticld, that crop will now be perfectly j clean and so far advanced that there will be I no further diilicuity I11 covering up young! grass or weeds even with a scrape. We know ! f< from repeated trials, even 011 bottom lands;A that are so liable to become tonl, that a corn j u croj) may he made with the plow alone. It it can be done even with ordinary, old time! plows; start before grass makes headway; j It with a turning shovel begin in the center of it* the middle and bed up, the wing being turned I >' away from the com. The last furrow, when a | P middle is completed, will side the corn veryiv closely ami throw just enough dirt to cover up ' young grass without covering the yonng corn. ! The next working: with a short and broad d turning shov<|, begin next to eorn with wing 1 a towards it, and throw dirt moderately to the si plants. These two workings should be given r before the corn is ten incncs high. After that ' si thcscrane wiil do all that is necessary. Where! < corn Is |Wiii>M'i| in tl*? water-furrow, a proper c running of the scrape will cover up all grass ii from the beginning to the etui. f CSicnp l'oras? flakes I'lioap Cotton f, and Corn. '' ll The first of May is tiic host t ime to sow the r first crops of t'oragu corn, sorghums and mil- <; let. Supposing t lie land to have been broicen > some time ajso, it should have received two e broadcast harrowinjjs to keep the surface CU'HU Ullll Illl'ilOVV . 1 ?IS IM Ol'fClilll.l IIUl I II ry for all of thesorglnwns, because Hie plants x arc small at. tirstand grow off quite slowly. 11 Hence early working with the plow is ditti- n cult and not satisfactory If the land is grassy, ii These crops can't bear the expense of hoe d work; therefore tiie necessity for having the land in tinest order at planting time. Lay oil*j g rows three I'ect apart; drill the seed of sor- 1; gliums rather t hinly and cover lightly with a t' hoard. For fodder-corn proceed in like man- li j ner, but put in from two to two and a half t bushels of seed per acre. As soon as the u I plants are up, and will bear it, Bide with a scrape, vef. to run very <lr>(; two orthreeplowin-js wiil suffice, and if the land \v;:s in proper condition at the tiuio of plan tins, no hoeing will be called for. German millet, may be sown broadcast if the land has been well prepared anil is in tine tilth; a half bushel of seed per siere is sufficient. Successive plantings of above cropsevery two or three weeks to the first of August will enable a fanner to feed his stock all through the summer on i green forage more cheaply thnn on anything r-lse, and with grer.i benefit, to their health ['ut and partly eifc?s?y exposed to sun and tir for one day?before feeding; this will reduce the water in them and render them less r laxative. Any disposition to scour may be 'i prevented t>y a 111 xed ration of dry and green j forage; pet'haps Miis is preferable from every , point, of view. CI cap stock feed is like cheap ! I'oal for an engine : it reduces the cost of pro- < ductlon of everything raised on the farm : and 'i we must i)e.nr in n.ind that money saved is . jqiiivalenfc to morey made. If one can re- j luee the co?t of f roducing cotton a cent a pound it. is the sane to him as if he sold for me cent more per nound. An abundance ofj 'heap forage niai'es less grain necessary. Wlion not at work stock may he kept with I * little or no grain if ed full rations of {rood for-11 ige. If you have p *cpared for a large crop of j * :otton. cut It down md plant a portion of the ! jotton land in thes forage crops; they will my you better than cotton. ! ('lover ami Orchard Grass. ' Clover and orchard grass will be ready for i he mower by the eti 1 ol" the month. Cut. af- ( :er the dew is oil' and cock up the same cvf n- j ing all that is mowed before one o'clock. Af- \ :er hay is well willed it. should never lake the lew. The above appl'es more especially to i .hat cut with the mow er. Spread out in a un- i itorm layer.not in swaths, like that handout, j t dries very rapidly or. ;i bright day. If hand i *ut, and the swaths are "cry heavy, the cock- i ng may be deferred to t ae afternoon of the i next day; but. if this Is-lone, it is better tc> i :urn the swaths over in <he evening and let I Jje undried bottom poitions take the dew. i iJoth grass and clovcr make a better quality if hay if cut rather early; the quantity, how* 1 jver, will be rather les.?. When a fourth Af the icads turn brown is >>robably the best time to i ut clover; when in full bloom the time to i It I il.> MJWll uiu mint ii wi"*n j < i i iiw growth, topdross it with a hundred icunds of plaster to the acre. Knisiii^; IIojjm?Cheap Pork. Every one who raises hogs ought to plant nrgely of the St. Domingo type of swr-et potatoes for fattening them in the tall. Considerng quantity and quality, wo know of no oth:r food so easily arid cheaply raised for the impose. If the potato and corn are dried at he temperature of boiling water, three bushils of potatoes will contain as much dry mat,or as one of corn; not as much fat or albumlio js matter in proportion as corn, but more >f the starch group than corn. Peas would ii:.ke tip the deficiency in the potato admirably ; tile two would fit. well together and make in almost perfect ration for fattening hogs. Is: ve a potato and pea patch in the same curio sure, so that the hoas may cat of each at viH, and you have the foundation for cheap km k. If the Spanish ground pea succeeds as ve I generally as it seems to have done in ioi.ie localities, it might take the place of the /?n lonHc mttifn Inline limn _'1< vcr for spring, Bermuda grass far summer, 1 >ei s. ground puis nml potatoes for in II and 1 ui ly winter, make provision for nearly the 1 viiolayear. Let us strike for independence 1 n this and every other department of farmng. * Preparation*! for the ftrniit HarVefit. 1 Bear in mind that grain harvest will soon T w at hand and arrange work ahead with ret- . renee to it. Get crops clean and well worked i iow so thai they may bear a short neglect luring ban est. Some enterprising man in :very neigh oorliood ought to he encouraged 0 0 buy a m per and cut all the grain just as : iart.ies no\ do the threshing, in other words , 1 travelling reaper ought to ben regular inst.i- ' ution. r'j.rnn is can ill spare the time from , heir crops to harvest grain, and crndlcrs are , retting more exacting and exorbitant in their r lemands. The practice is becoming quite reneral u> cut oats when the grain is in the 'dt.'iigh," !<nd cure it like Itay. ( lit, and ai- , owed to lake the sun a day without being t ied up i.i bundles, R becomes suttleiently g iiired to be tied up and shocked in the usual ? natiner. or it may be cured like hay and ? torcd snvay in bulk in slacks or barns. It ,, uakes a.i excellent feed. ? TTiislcr Oa1s. ;l s Fall oats were quite generally killed by t!ir? ??? f.i??H'?vv iMit ii'liorn 1 In* r and lias not been plowed sine, ail occasional f r-illc oi' oals may be found which lias surviv- ii d 1.1 if cold. It would he well to take care of 1 hese and gather them carefully when ilpe a 'heir survival indicates a hardiness of consli- q mini; which will stand extreme cold, and a 1, rery desirable strain of winter oat might he p iropt gated from them. The ma;ter is worthy s if trial. With us the mercury fell to zero; ti ho t iie red rust-proof oat. whs entirely killed, s vitb the very litniteil exceptions noted above; li lie winter grazing oat was also very badly ji cUb d, possibly a tenth escaping. If a variety c if oat that, cm stand the cold of zero is not. to >e had, what grain can be substituted for fall >ats? U.vo will stand any degree of cold; can t l.-e utilized as stock feed when mature and ipe? Would it be practicable to thresh and rind thegrain, and chad' the straw for forge? or could barley be utilized in place of ? iats? \Ve think the latter is used largely as tod;.feed in California?how is it managed? ;an any one tell us? E'loiiS'ltii];;' t!ic Orchard. Many of our reader will soon have to meet, he not too easily settled question of how best o plough an orchard ? That an orchard is t,( l,n imtrni. r.H- hi.in.r ulmiiilini] niH-p in Iav'ii nr s ljree years has been demonstrated times with- o mt number, but that the harm done in per- n orming the labor often eountorncts the pood ti s painfully evident. When the sap Hows as a t does at this season of the year the bark Hies ii Imost at a touch, and the roots are about as d asily injured. One consolation is atlbriled ? he ploughman when the roots are injured, si he damage is hid from sight,. d To avoid injury to the limbs and body of the t.< ree requires the utmost care, but the certain- ji y of success may be greatly increased by a n ittle preparation in the way of..suitable teams, i; larncss and hi tellings. Unless the trees have V xeecdingly high tops a team of small ani- ti nals is much the easier handled. Jlames p honld not extend above t!ie collar for if they j s! ti LiiR danger is equally great to them audit; ho tree, singletrees should be so ironed that t< being will hitch on the end and leave nopos- p ible chance for the end ot the wood to catch tl 10I1I of the bark. Leather tugs are of course y referable tochains. p The ground should not be ploughed deep h nd as the tree is approached the plough must tl e borne more and more out of the ground, o1 "no roots of a tree generally extend out about u s far as the tops, and the small roots, which sj re most numerous at the extremities, are the n nes that take up t he food from the soil and F ustain the irec. When these are torn oil' the h rowlh ol* the tree is for the time more or less w .'ittwirui^inli iv>ot< will soon form.! w ut all this cripples the growth a little. To jot uiii up t lien, we want, first, a careful man, j in lien a small team, .short hames, leather t uirs i pi itched to thcoml of Ihosin'Jelrce.nnd iiiruin, h careful man to handle them. An orchard j is annot he made in a day nor a year, nor can w ny amount, of money hasten its growth. I h 'inieand labor and eternal vigilance are thejbt rice, and when once made a good orchard si liould bo carefully nurtured.?Journal oj Ay- pi icuilurc. ? ..c-t ? ? V 4'2<?ver ns a I-Vrtill zor. ?t [Journal of Arjricullure.\ P1 in T'. e question as to the value of clover as a i n< rtilizer, when and h<nv ii. is most valuable, | n< :c., has had limited discussion in these eol-1 ,,-j mns, and is entitled to all the consideration j to l, i? likeiy to receive. ! w (.'lover is a biennial plant, and to do the p; uid the most good should tie a I lowed full pos | L'ssion of tiie ground until into the second Mi; ear. Probably the best results will follow n< 1 I- 1 > " ' > 1 li ? <i civil I ?if I lilt Ml ( (in 11 VH.'I I- i (... hen in lull liluom, hut the crop is so vidua-1 jo Ic l??r feed when cut. ami cured that, most.[mi irtners will prefer to do that and plough un-j is it the second crop, which is almost as good, j ud with the additional growth of roots is, in , fn nine eases, just as goml. The value of theifo Dots 01 ciovci i> sometimes overlooked amljiy i-arecly ever appreciated. Prof, Huberts, of) j'n 'uracil University, >!. Y., had a portion of a j ;ii lover crop analyzed, roots and all, after dry-; fa ng it until the roots contained only 10 i?erjru cut. of water and the stalks ll^j per cent.,! at In; tops of stalks on an acre of ground wete at Mind to weiuh :?,'2K.j pounds, while the roots' er ?f<>iifli<?il l vi:: iidiinris 'finis it. will . n c seen that it is iiiiiMiriaiit t<> have the crop ?-r L'liiain on the ground for the .second year's hi rowth since they continue to grow from the.st: tart, while the tops are cut uli" or die down 1to itch year. j j Another object in letting the crop remain so; fp >ng without ploughing up is, that as the roots I oi row long they penetrate to a greater depth! ru iito a subsoil and carry into it elements of; sa aturo which release .and utilize plant food j uj 11 that stratum which would otherwise lie tli ormant. Still another advantage is the sa mothering of the weeds. A good heavy i ji? rowth of clover will do this pretty etlectual- jn v. it will also rot out old sunups by keeping ' hem almost constantly wet. Clover can j w lardly be dispensed with on clay land, and w he man who undertakes to farm without It. pc uakes a great, mistake, and be will be i'ortun- le ite ii ho discovers it early. la . ; *. 'v.; . C-ERIAN CARP PONDS, FOR PLEASURE AND FOR PROFIT. 4 Practical View of the Cifltnre of Carj>, as Compared nun me tmtnre of Other farm Produce. A. late number of the Southern Cultivator is it. hand,:irid in looking through Its columns I came upon sin article on the subject of Carp Ponds, written by my friend and acquaintmce. Mr. YV. s. It., of Hudson, uiiio. Of :oursethis would suggest the idea of sending something in the same line (the culture of ;his tish being one of my hobbies), as I do not ,hink this new branch of industry is reccivng the attention it deserves; nor are the pnoile aware of the great possibilities within the jialc of carp culture, or no one having the j topography and water would be without a >oml, and indeed but little water is needed tflth a properly constructed pond. I do not speak as a theorist, but, as a practical man, it id consequently know whereof I speak relitivo to tills coining new food fuctor whose hi It. lire will be a kind of esthetic labor or a lending of labor and amusement, and will, f it has not already, become a pleasant diversity to the monotony of fjjrni liie by afording a larger, or rather opening a new, av511110 for amusement of a rural nature for the uvenile element in way ol'fishing, boating, ;te., in summer and skating in winter. It is said that since the introduction for the nillions, through the agency of the U. S. Fish Jomtnission, there are about 2li.<XK)earp ponds II this country,and the wonder to me is that nore is not heard from the ir owners. This is i new industry here anil the carp a peculiar Isii; a knowledge of their wants and habits s as essential to success as are the wants and uibits of any other domestic creatures we cul- i :ivate. After many years' experience witn tins ish, 1 iim more and more i mpressed with the ne.it possibilities attainable in its culture vhen llie wants of its nature are complied A'ith, such as teoipeniture, loed, etc. It does ippear to me thai nature has dune nearly everything except catch and cook for the use of | nan. lam in receipt of letters from such States is Tennessee and North Carolina, in which t is claimed that carp often pounds weight invebeen produced when only two years >ld. Strange as this may appear to those uuicquainted with the nature of the carp, and unattainable as such a result would be here at ;he North, yet when it is known that the rarp neither eats nor grows through or in the tool and cold season, as do many other creaures, both aquatic and land animals, yet in he lew warm and hot months (not one-hall >f the year) in which it does grow here in the atitude ol' Pennsylvania. Ohio and the more sTorth western States, it attains, under favorable conditions, quite one-half that weight in he same length of time, while in the more Southern latit udes it grows continuously the rear round. That all who try carp culture will succeed is lot to be expected, as carp do not flourish extept where their natural wants are complied vitli; and from the very fact that they are he antipodes of the salmon family iu every mrtieular; a knowledge of the habits of the ormer fish rather misleads than aids in the roalinent of the carp. The carp is a handsome fish and In form omething between that of u bass and shad, no liead bearing a better proportion to the >ody than either; the abdominal cavity is mall, thetlesh equal to that of tiie shad and nuch resembling it iu texture, and is not nore bony, being entirely free from that >tinch bone so objectionable in many of tiie ueker family. From experimental data of my own I feel eriain that, after the expense of constructng the pond, pound for pound carp can be iroduccd cheaper than pigs or poultry, and k ith this addition in their favor, that they nuke no demands in winter for either sheler, care or food, all they require being water >f su-iicient depth to be free from the frost ,nd ice, where they lie in a stupor in puddles, heir lives being in astute of abeyance until he warmth of spring revitalizes them, when hey seek the grassy shallows to deposit their pawn, which hatches in the sun in from fight to ten days, contingent on the degree of emperature. T advise all farmers who have veil poor facilities for growing this lish to ;et. a few?say fifty or a nundred small ones? nd give them a chuitce, and they will soon how their own mute argument for success. Carp ponds are both profitable and ornanental, and grow more beautiful and useful rom age, and should adorn and prortt every (inn or suburban residence. The carp, uii iKf? ijto >*;iinw>n, i.m miii-.hmj, iaimi | voiding than seeking a current ami conseuently no waste or outlet, water is absolute\* necessary. I have known them to inulti>ly and increase in ponds that hud not a tillieicnt supply-stream to keep them full, ait on the contrary was at a much lower tage at. the end of the summer than at the icginning; yet, while I do not prefer such ionds, in cases where none belter can be had, arp culture need not bo ignored. Pittsburg, I'enu. G. F. ?? TIE FARMER AND THE NEGRO. "he Ke.st Jlothod of Attaining Prosperity? Commercial Fertilizers? Terracing mill leveling?Compost ?My stem sin c w oru. Southern Cultivator. Having read the views of correspondents as > host methods of attaining prosperity, we hall give our own. While one writer rings nt the kccilof the negroes' existence among s, and invites other lahor before we can hope j redeem our fallen State, another asserts as cause of our decline, too much guano, creatlg false stimulant to lands, and our people on't worn enough ; we must look for other nuses and other remedies. TU true in one oise, we do not work enough. Too many rones to ft cd. And our work is spasmodic; )0 much to-day, none to-morrow. In our idgment, jf the negro is closely and unrelittingly watched, ho is at present the best iborer the Southern farmer can employ. Hint evolution may lie in the womb of fu,uv agricultural science, demanding the dearture of the negro and tiie use of more killed labor, we know not. But so far as mor-1 1 ken can reach, his exodus will and ought > be slow, and after far-reaching efforts and ( reparations on the farmers' part to forestall tu* coming event. It seems to the writer the outhern tamer has failed so far to grasp the roper solution to this vexed Question. We ave this proposition to assert: If needs be ?at we continue to employ the negro, it is tir duty to make him work. We don't mean > make him work by '*lits and starts,-' but ' (\stcmatieally and continuously, us do the i lerchantand manufacturer their operatives. |( eed "t.'un'ee'' well; convince him that yciu ; ave some regard lor his welfare; pay him I hat you agree to do and there is as much ' ork in him as in ante-bellum times. It Ism nr duty to him, because all accord to liim j | rain and endurance; because he is an im-j. rovldent spendthrift, earing not a fig for the , read of to-morrow, so bis hunger for to-day ' fatistied. His want'of a scintilla nt care j' ould beggar an empire. It is our duly toil in) rosee?all the liim?see that he works, t|i]n>ii onr.>elve.s and render the country r? isperous. Wc claim tho brain to direct. If the negro ill labor Ijiit!tl*ii 1.'y. if we stick to him. whose ult i* ii tiiiil wedonotsueeeed? All, there's i lie rub!"' ingiorlous lovo of casein polite c uliince, l>ut laziness in pure ohl Knulish , insf answer. out from the restraint of "dire cessiiy we'll idle just like 'TuH'ee.'' Let j? it (.'aiiea^ian pot say to Klhiopfcm kettle,: ^ i'hou art hlaelc." The Southern white man [ v -day is to blame for the demobilization j t hieh environs the land and hangs its black i f i!! upon It. . Commercial fertilizers, when they are ferti- , 1 ?ors and not. dirt., tinU judiciously used wiil f >t impoverish us, though the prudent farmneeds only the phosphates with the mill- c ns of tuns of material piled around liim to akeall the fertilizer required to see tiro satfactory harvests. i H A chief remedy, in the writer's judgment,! j: r the impoverishment of our fields wiil l?e j t; und in leveling our rows. Oursoil, especial-1 e in "stock law" counties, can be preserved!, .definitely if due attention is paid to thel1 >ove. Any one can satisfy himself of this ti et Ly observing tiie dillercnee between rows r in oil a level, accidentally it may have been, |'] id those with toogreat fall. In the former, L I deposits from the growing and gathered ops are retained, forming humus and re- c tying the land. On the latti r, harvested v ops have been removed and falling leaf and s ade and boll find their way to the nearest ream, and the tale of speedy exhaustion is Id. Some may object to careful leveling of rows run tlio fact that it necessitates many Fliort ri ics. The many longer ones than formerly j ti n will be tound to more than compensate in , a ving ot time of plowman in turning around ; h ion the short ones. Those who had pursued I ft is policy could have but felt gratified and jo tisfied under the comparatively little dam-] ci ;o by the recent unprecedented Hoods iu; a. any portions of this State. ei Fo .summarize, then, let as go "in and oat"' tl it(1 our laborer; see that he works, and ft orks as we say to him; make all the com- n >st we need for our every crop and terrace; o: vel our rows, and a new era will gladden our ti nd. ii Preserving Ihe Carriage;*' v A. carriage should be kept in ati '.fiirf/ J] dry coacii-hou.se, with a motifemef amount of light, otherwise Ihe colora will be destroyed. There should b& ;n<* % communication between the stables, and *? the coach-house. The manure heap or ; > pit, should also be kept as far u'way as ,'v possible. Ammonia cracks varnish and *4 fades the colors, both of painting and lin- /-3 jng. A carriage should never, tinder any Circumstances, be put away dirty. In $ washing a carriage, keep out of the sun. ^3 Use plenty of water, which apply (whert* -M practicable) with a hose or syrf/ige, taking care that the viater i? not driven into '.f| the body to the injury of the lining/ When forced water is not attainable,, user ;B, for the body a large soft sponge.- This# niiuu wiuiciicu, a^ucc//D uvci uiu jjtiijcxa^ and by the liow down of the \Vatfery the? dirt will soften and harmlessly. ran off, tnen finish with ai soft chamois .leather' and oil silk handkerchief. The same remarks apply to the under works and wheels, except when the mud is Svelk -jM soaked, a soft mop, free from any hard ,;|1 substance in the head, may be wsed/ :'??sH Never use a "spoke brush," wb?6tt irt . ?~j| conjunction with the grit from the road, acts like sand-paper on the varnish/ scratching it and, of course, effectually removing all gloss. Never allow Watef ^ to dry itself on a carriage, as it invaria^ rm bly leaves stains, lie careful to grease ^ the bearings of the fore-carriage so as Ui .'fj, allow it to turn freely. Examine the car- jVa riage occasionally, and whenever a bolt TvSsm or slip appears to be getting loose tighten ^ it up with a wrench, and always have M little repairs done at once. Never, draw '.!M out or back a carriage into a coach-house /-*/5 with the horses attached, as more acci- fjm dents occur from this than from any other cause. Headed carriages should never stand with the head down, and apron* - 'yJ of every kind should be frequently unfolded, or they will soon spoil. Ooldeti (German) Millet. To produce a good crop, millet needs rich land made very fine. Its roots are ^ surface feeders, and will not go down like 'Je| corn roots, therefore the land should be made mellow and compact before sowing the seeds, and then not use over forty- {timk eight pounds to the acre, sown broadcast- .'<? and covered very lightly. It leaves the ^ land in the finest possible condition lor a '3 crop of wheat. Golden millet should not be sown until the first week in June, and f It will flint* 11n vuiirltr In /mt in um*aa\tir. ' *'-J IV ? 114 IUUII ?'V> 1 vctuj fcV/ VUU ?ll OV ? VUWJ - "%'' -TJ five clays. Cut us soon as the heads are ;jm all well-shown and developed?i. e.?the *W seeds just going into the milk* Then the !: >! crop does not exhaust the land, as it does y\ when it is allowed to stand and mature ">$ the seed. The seeds when matured *ro '$$ very hard, and are not digestible? so if | allowed to form and develop, the grata?' o| about forty bushels per acre?is lost ns a -;J feeding element, ami the value of the fol- "is iage lessened to a corresponding extent, as it becomes "woody," and not only ? c0!9 loses a part of its food value, but wills upon the digestive organs for extra exer- > tior? to assimilate it, while it renders, for this outlay, no adequate compensation. o Millet has tio superior as a hay ration -MyM for milch cows. The reports we occasion-' ally have of injury to horses by feeding M millet hay, no doubt came altogether , from hay which was too ripe when cut* J Millet straw, out of which ripe grain b?s been threshed mny be fed to cattle and hogs without harm, and is quite nutritious.? American Agriculturist. liive Stock 3Totes. Mav is a critical month with farm ani mals. They art*j over a great part of the country, going '''from hay to grass," and are liable to be affected by the debilitating intluence of the succulent and loosening feed. The only way to prevent evil etteets is to give hay and grain at morning and evening at first, continuing the morning ration ot hay longer than that of the evening, until the grass gradually : gains in nutritive value and the animals become accustomed to it. This is equally important for horses, cows and sheep. Horses that are not put to hard work are not usually harmed by grass the clearing out does them good. Brood mares, however, need more substantial feed. Work horses, or oxen should also haver hay daily, but if the hay is low and duo consideration for tho future prevents buying, they must have grain, which Usst fed ground and sprinkled upon chopped :straw. Fresh cows generally do very well if they calve within a month after being turned to grass. There will bo little fear of milk fever or of any trouble incident to a feverish condition, but large milkers will need feed the second week or run down thin.?American Agricultu"st Management of Cows. To be profitable, cows must be well taken care of by being comfortably sheltered and well fed. For, however good cows may be, stingy feeding and shiftless management will soon run down the stock and dissipate all hopes of profit. What is worth doing is worth doing well, and what is worth having is worth taking caro of. There is no worse economy than neglect of and indifference to tho comfort and health of animals from which we expect profitable produce. To use an old farmni?'o nl^oivo 41 ft* vnn nhoMf Mm rrvm'inrl f hn ground will cheat you." Care and attention may secure all we desire, while neglout will make void all advantages tb? best facilities can give. Let us suppose i the dairyman provided with a good stock of cowsj the next point is to bestow proper treatment, and to feed them well. No ilairvman can afford to do otherwise. Look at it. A cow is wanted to give milk ind good milk. She cannot make it out if nothing. The more milk we want, :he more material must be supplied to make it of. A cow must never receive larsh treatment of any sort,' rturifc bo nilked regularly by a good and- efficient land. Poor milkers dry up cows.?The Dairyman. Training- Peach Trees. It is impracticable to train a peach horzon tally?the growth will not tako that iiiectio'n, but will persist in sprouting ipward, ami Iroin as near the collar as mssiblu. The most assiduous pinching vill not snfliee to overcome this stubborn efusal. It' we wish to grow a tree so hat it can bo laid down'on the soil suvace for winter, wo must compromise and rain it along a rod or wire stretched at an , ingle of about forty-five degrees. Whenever an attempt is made to push mt a strong shoot, a pinch stops it as oon as four leaves have formed. Trees o trained soon become amenable, and inching is not very often requisite. It oust be given, however, as soon as ncedd, for if young leaves are removed, the rces will resent the injury by fresh atempts to break away, and there will be isk of the wood not fully ripening, 'hey may be laid down in November, as oon as the leaves fall, but should not bo nvfti'flrl until ununr?> ivouthor thri>atptw nth tio snow to protect them. ISext to now, evergreen brush is best. Condition of farm Animals. The March report of the Department of Apiculture at Washington, D. C., says: The reiirns of the conditions and diseases of farm nimitls show an increase of the prevalence of og cholera, and loss of ?ix millions of swine om all causes, or fourteen per cent. Losses f sheep are reported at soven per cent.: of iiltle at four per cent. The losses of horsw re small, amounting to 7-10ths of one ner snt. The losses of cattle are heaviest'in ic Southern States and on the rarges from )ur to eiffht per cent., while in the farm reIons, where shelter is provided, the loss is nly two per cent. This shows the irapor-.- . ince, even in the South, of proper shelter lor ve stock during the cold months.