The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, April 14, 1886, Image 6
r
t"
FOREVER YOUNG.
Tbe wild world hastens on its way;
The grav-haire 1 century nears its close;
Its sorrow deepens day l?y day;
The summer blush forsakes the rose.
But, darling, while your voice I hear.
And while your dark-brown eyes I see,
Sud months and sunless, seasons drear,
Are all the same, all glad to me.
Despair can never reach me,
"While your soft hand I hold;
IVhilfl vo:?r fives love and teach me,
I never shall grow oid!
They say that love forsakes the old,
That passion pales and fades away;
I Thit even love's bright locks of gold
Must lose their charm and change to gray.
But, darling, while your heart is mine,
And while I feel that you are true,
For me the skies will ever shine
With summer light and tenrlerest blue.
Ye3, let old age deride me!
I scorn his mocking tongue.
Dear love, with you beside me,
I am ftraver youug!
?Belgravia.
The Quaker's Daughter.
A TKUE STORY OF THE REVOLUTION.
There is no fairer or richer portion of j
Orange county, N. Y., than that lying in j
the picturesque vale known as Smith's
Clove. It is properly the head of the
Ramapo valley. When the locality was
still a wilderness, and the western escarpment
of the Hudson Highlands was
an unknown and undiscovered region, a
family made their way from Brookhaven,
Long Island, through thc^trackless area
that lay between the Hudson and the
Ramapo, and became the first settlers in
that part of Orange county. Their name
was Smith, and they gave the name to the j
clove, which it still bears. The date of {
this family's coming into the county is j1
1 1 -1 1 11 ? , * I I
uukuuwh, uut wncii tne Kcvoiutionary ;'
war began the head of the family was an j1
old man, with a number of grown-up i
sons. The elder Smith was a man of! '
uns ivory reputation, and his oldest yon, j '
Claudius, inherited his father's ignoble j 1
tr its. The Smiths were rank Tories, j*
( laudius Smith became the leader of a j j
gang of desperate and bloodthirsty out- j
h.ws, and his name was a terror to the ; '
j atiiotic families who were scattered J '
about the then frontier in Orange and j |
Sussex c ounties. Claudius Smith's cow- ! 1
boys and their deeds of blood wereshud- I 1
dcrinvlv recounted by the survivors of ! J
those troublous times and their descend- J '
aits for many years after the war was | }
over, and still afford subjects for many a 1 1
dramatic tale. Claudius Smith became c
known as the Scourge of the Highlands I (
He was finally captured by a baud of: 1
patriotic scouts, aud was hanged in ; 1
Co3l:en in the public square on tli ; 22d of j s
January, 17?1>. He wns buried at the i (
foot of the scalTol.l, and'his remains have ; J
never been disturbed.
In the anc:e:it?s> and lon.'ly burying f
ground at Neversiuk Flats, one of the 1
isohitjd mountain villages of Sullivan '
county, are two graves, long ago over- ^
grown and now almo t forgotten. One j
contain* the remains of Henry Reynolds, '
who died in 1830, aged 90 years. The (
other is the grave of his daughter, Phebe '
Drake, who died iu 1853, aged 83. It is j |
& singular fact that the story of Henry i '
T>a 1 l.:- 1 J ^^ ! 1
jnuyiiuiu? uhu ins neruic UHUgncer, n:e , J
most intensely thrilling and dramatic, as j *
it is, of all the recitals that have come j J
down from fie times made perilous by j '
Claudius Smith and his murderous band j 1
of marauders, finds no place of record in ; ]
the annals of Orange county, except n | 1
brief legendary chronicle, in which a j (
"Mr. Runnclls" is mention as having j(
been made a victim of cowboys. The j f
one great 6tory of the lives of Henry j 1
Reynolds and his daughter is related as 1
.7 -t XT !-i- i
iviiurta uj ?u uiu remviii ui i^ieversniK '
Flats, who is spending his declining days ;5
with a daughter iti Goshen. He heard j j
it many a time from the lips of the par- j 1
ti s themselves sixty years and more ago, j 1
Henry Reynolds was a Quaker. He j ^
was a native of "Westchester county. In j1
1769 he married a descendant of Henry i 5
Fowler, an original owner of the town- j J
ship of East Chester. Reynolds %vas then ' 1
in the mercantile business in Peekskill. !f
In 1777 he was one of the sufferers by j 1
the burning of.that placo by the British, j '
all his property being consumed. He es-1 1
caped witu his wife and five children, j 1
and settled in Smith's Clove, Orange; ^
couuty, not far from the prescut village of j ^
Monroe. Although a Quaker, he was i t
an ardent defender of the cause of the j .)
colonies, and even so far trespassed on 1
therequi;e:i:ents of his religion as to join j \
the "minute men." As one of these brave j ]
citizen soldiers he participated in the : 1
storming of Stony Point, under Genenil j ^
Wayne, fn 1779. His outspoken senti- ({
mcnts and active demonstrations in behalf
of the American cause gained forj 1
him the bitter enmity of His Torv nei<rh-! .
bors, and several attempts were made on . i
his life during the war by Claudius
Smith and'his gang.
After the ex ecu t. on of Smith at Goshen i
his followers swore to avenge his death !
by taking the lives of a large number of j i
leading Whigs, one of whom was Henry <
Reynolds. It was not until 1782, how- j!
ever, that what was intended to be the |'
decisive blow against him was struck. ! 1
Late one night in July of that year Rey- j 1
nolds was awakened bv a loud rappingat 1
his door. He arose from bed and asked i
whr> was there. i
ill 3 _ i - 1 ' * '
ii aeiacnment 01 American troops 1
looking for deserters," was the reply.
Washington's army was encamped in j 1
the Highlands, a few miles from Rey- | *
nolds1 house, and it was well known that' 1
a number of deserters were concealed in j i
the vicinity. Reynolds hastily dressed ; t
himstlf, and opened the door to the sup-! 1
posed American soldiers. They entered, \ <
and while Reynolds was stooping down I i
by the fireplace lo li ht a caudle, one of i
the Tories stru k him with his sword, j 1
and exc laimed: j i
"Hurry up, you old rebel!" ! 1
Reynolds kuew at once that he had been :
duped by the Tories. He turned duieklv ! i
around with a lighted ca idle in his h ind, i
aud recognized Benjamin Kelly, who :
lived within h df a mile of him, and Ed- |
ward Roblin, another neighbor, both '
members of the Claudius Smith gang. I
They were accompanied by several othets. i
Reynolds d:ished past th^m and got out i
of door.?, but t-tumb'ed aud fell. He i
was seized by the Tories and dragged 1
back into the houso. IIo called loatliv j ]
to a bo md b:>y who livc.l in his family j (
to run for as istanee. As the boy was
hurrying out of the housv Ed'.vard Koblin i
seized him and stood him against the (
wall, and told him that if he turned his <
head one way or the other he would cut <
it from his body. By this time Mrs.
Reynolds and the oldest child, Phebe, j
entered the rrom. Mrs. Reynolds was 1
socn to become again a mother. Her <
busband was prostrate on the fioor, bleeding
from wounds inflicted by the knives
and swords of the Tories. The wife fell, in
convulsions, to the floor. One of the
children, named Caleb, had followed her i
into the room, and a Tory kicked him
ontil he became unconscious, and threw
him on his mother's insensible body. The
Tories then tied a rope around Reynold's
neck, and hanged him up to abeam. Phebe
KeynoMs was less than 12 years old, but
she fought this attempt of the gang1 to
murder her father with such fury that it
was necessary ft r two of the men to hold
her b -fore it could be executed. Supposing
that they had accomplished the
death of Reynolds, the To ies proceeded
to plunder the house. They no sooner
had left the room than Phepe cut the rope
by which her father was suspended. removed
the noose from his neck, and carried
him to a bed. She h id succeeded
in restoring him to consciousness, when
one of the gang re-entered the room and
d'scovercd what she had done. He summoned
the others. Phel>e took her position
in front of the bed, brandished her
knife, and declared she would kill the
first one who attempted to touch her
11 '? 17" nllv fKn 1 norl Af nf
2 U' Il *r. DVUjUlU.a ui;u^ lav *v?wv? VA
the gang, shoute 1:
' Get awa.v, you little rebel , or I'll
run ray sword through you!"
The undaunted girl refused to move.
''You may kill me," she replied, "for
if you kill my father I do not want to
live!"
Kelley made a lunge at her with his
sword. She knocked it from hi* hand,
and in trying to catch it before it fell to
the ground he received a wound from it
on the under part of the wrist from which
the blood flowed freely. One of the
others stabbed Phebe in the bn ast, and,
M i'ltni nl* ft *t*/\ulrl 1\A Kl'
Ov'VUI^ llltfl/ BilC L><- U11/1J/IMIV.H/U K7J
the Tories she threw ner>clf upon her
father's body on the bed, and c'a<ped her
arms about him in order to shield him
from the weapons of his assailants. "While
one of the gang prodded tli" girl's arm
with his sword, the fiend Ivelley tore 1 er
clothing from her and lashed her bare
body with the rope with which
they had hanged her father. In
relating the brutal details of this
as-ault, even seventy years afterward,
Phebc never attempted to repress
her anger ai.d indignation at the memory
of it. During all the severe punishment
she received at the hands of the Tories,
she never uitcrcu a moau or gave any
s:gn of the pain they iuflictcd. The
blood ran down her arms from the
cvouuds made by the sword, and the
rope cut great gashes in her flesh,
the scars from which she carried
;o her grave. Being unable l o force the
>rave girl from the protection of her
lelpless father by this means, the Tories
cmovei her by main force, and hurled
kt, weak from her superhuman efforts,
nto a far corner of the room. Iler
liother had regained consciousness by
;his time, and was crouching in a corner,
molding little Caleb, who had also rerived,
in her arms. The assassins again
langed Reynolds from the beam in sight
>f the moaning woman and her two
;hildren. and, believing that Phebe was
>ast rendering any further aid to him,
>roceeded to the completion of their
ichemc of plundering. They had misthe
C3uraffe and vitality of the I
- - - - O
*irl, however, and tlie last Tory was
jarely out of the room before Phebe had
>nce more cut bnr father down. She
VMS attempting to remove him to another
oom when he fell heavily to the floor.
Phebe at once threw herself on his body
md the Tories found them mingling their
jlocd together, the father apparently
lead, and the girl shielding his body
ivith her.?. The murderers thrust their
vnives and swords several times into the
wlv nf their nrostrate victim, and twice
? X
Phebc was stabbed in her efforts to proect
her father. The Tories finally
Iragged her from her father and threw
lim into a chest, shutting the lid down
ipon him. They then departed with
,vhat booty they had obtained, first rollng
a large stone against the door, which
>pened outward, to prevent it being
>pcned. As soon as the murderous
rang was out of the house, Ph';be
lerstlf covered with blood from her
vounds, hastened to remove her father's
jody from the chest, hopeful that he was
;till alive. Her mother was wandering
;romroom to ruum, iu<miung nuu
np. The bound boy stood as immovable
is stone apainst the wall where Edward
Roblin had placed him with the terrible
:hre;.t half an hour before. He was still
ifraid to stir. Phcbo's mother rendered
i little aid in removing her husband from
he trunk. He was stiff and pallid, and
ipparently dead. Phebe pot him upon
:hc bed, and was overjoyed to heur him
Shr> nried his iaws ooon with a I
pewter spoon?a rude tablespoon, still in |
:he family, with the teeth marks of Henry
Reynolds"upon its handle?and poured a
few drops of water in his mouth. He be?an
to revive, and while Phebe was put;ing
forth every effort to stiuneh his
svounds and aid his restoration, her
nother, who had.been aimlessly wandering
about the house, tottered- into the
o >m, and dropping to the floor, covered
tier eyes with her hands und hysterically
jxclaimed:
"Oh, Phebe! Phebe! The house is on
fire! It is on fire in three places, and
[ can't put it out if it burns down over
xir heads."
The bouod boy still stood motionless
by the wall as if he were nailed to the
>pot, and conld not be indue.-d to move.
Phebe was compelled to leave her father,
* ^ A 11/vl? /i 4- /% I
KB LUC WiUiau? V4 OJiivag isuguit iv/
come from an adjoining room warned
her of another impending dunger. The
Tories had set fi e to some flax and to
two straw beds. Phebe extinguished
the fire, and then tried to make th>:
bound boy run and alarm
the neighbors. but he would
not stir By persistent effort
the brave girl, herself covered with
wounds, and her clothing saturated with
blood, brought her father back to consciousness,
and then, consigning him to
the care of her m ther, who had grown
more composed, she staited out to give
the alarm. In her relation of the terrible
experiences of that night to her chilcben
and grand children, more than half
a century afterward, she dwelt with particular
pride en the fact that she noted ;
the crowing of the cocks as she stinted !
lifter help, and said to herself: "It most !
be nearly morning." This, she thought,
indicated how cool and collected she was i
:ifier the frightful scene she had just witnessed.
Jrhe nlarmed the neighbors, and
i doctor wa< summoned from Go hen. A
i>arty started in pursuit of the
Tories. It was found that RovnoId3 had
thirty serious wounds, inflicted by swords
md knives, but no one of them had
reached a vital spot. One of his ears was
nearly served frm his head, an^ it was
bound kick as nearly as possible to its
f?lace; but the manner in which it healed
iliatigur'.d him for life. One of his arms
was so badly cut that he never recovered
its us*;. Phbbo had two serious wounds,
Dne in the breast and one in the head.The
others Were painful but not dangerous lacerations.
It was several weeks before Reynolds
and his daughter were again able to
get ab mt, and their escnpc from the death
that was intended for them was so wonderful
that the people for miles around
flocked to see them. The bound boy
never recovered from the fright he ex
perienccd that night. Brain fever followed,
aui he died begging that his head
should not be cut otf. Mrs. Reynolds
ijavc birth to her child the day after the
assault of the Torios. It lived, grew to
womanhood, and is well remembered in
Sullivan county as the wife of Dr. Blake
Wales, otic of the pioneer physicians of
this part of the State, and the progenetor
of a large find prominent family.
Caleb Reynolds, the child who was
kicked so brutally by one of the Tories,
grew up, and was a soldier under Jack
son at the battle of New Orleans, and
was killed in that engagement.
The Whigs who set out in pursuit of
the Tories overtook them in the mountains,
and only two of them escaped alive.
Benjamin Kelley, the leader of the gang,
was shot in the mountains by a man of
the name of June. There were three or
four of the others secreted in the mountains
and the guards were watching for
lliom Snmn nersons told June that
they were at a ceitain spot playing cards.
June started to find them, and when he
came in sight they were lying down, but
hen ring his approach rose up, and as they
did so June *hot Kelley. They escaped,
and Kelley wandered down near a certain
large sulphur spring, where he wae
found dead by John Henley and his dog,
partially covered up with leaves and
brush. Near him, tied up in a bundle
with dark strings, was the wedding
coat of Mr. Runnels, which Kelley
had stolen a long time before. This was
the coat in which Henry Reynolds had
been married thirteen years before. The
coat was returned to Reynolds, but he refused
to touch it after it had been in possession
of a Tory, and ordered it to be
burned. Edward Roblin escaped to
Canada, and years afterward sons of his
re! urned to Orange county to search for
booty that their father and others of the
Smith gang had hidden in the mountains.
In 1788 Henry Reynolds removed to
Sullivan county and settled in what was
known as the Mutton hill neighborhood,
being one of the pioneers of the town of
jSfeversink. lie was the first supervisor
of the town, in 1798. In 1805 he was
e'ected to the assembly, and was, until
the day of his death, one of the leading
men in Sullivan county. His wife presented
him with six children after leaving
Oranoe county. Phebe Reynolds
married Jeremiah Drake soon after the
family ccme to Sullivan county. Her descendants
are the most numerous in that
part of the State. The known descendants
'of Henry Reynolds, according to
one of the family, to-day number over
1,400, as ten of his children reached maturity.
married, and reared large families.
?Neio York Sun.
A Miners Luck.
McKim is an honest Irisli miner, who
drifted off from Arizona a few years ago
into Sonora. He had a little money, but
a great deal more faith. Benham says:
"I should say here that every mine that
has ever been worked in Sonora, or, indeed,
anywhere else in Mexico, has its
early history recorded in the archives in
the district. Thus, if a claim lias lain
idle for half a century, and one wants to
get its record, he has only to go to the
prefect, or local authority of the district,
and he is given access to the huge volumes
that contain the information.
MV.Tr;?vi <v/\f linM o flftim thnt hiidn't
been worked for twenty years, and
studied up its history. He found the
Inst year that it was worked it took three
shifts of eight men each to pack the
water out of the mine. He also found
that the water increased so fast on them
that the; mine had to be abandoned, and
from that he argued that it was by no
means exhausted.
"The problem then was to get the
water out. But how? McKim had no
money to put up pumps, but he did have
a good deal of coinage and a strong arm.
He went down the hill and resolved to
run a tunnel for the mine to strike the
ledge below the water pocket. Nearly
five vears ago McKim begau work, and
' -i
for long years ne peggeu away at unit
tunnel. He had fully 600 hundred feet
to run. For about a year McKim had a
brother Irishman to help him, but the
latter got weary of the hopeless task,
and for the remaining time McKim wont
it alone.
"About a year ago he noticed that the
face of his tunnel was in moist, crumbly
ground, and he got fearful that it would
tumble in on him. He didn't go near
the tunnel for several days, for he was
a'raid of it. One morning he went up
and found the water p uring out of the
tunnel 1 ke a mill-race. The water pocket
had broken through, iind the tunnel was
draining the old mine at the rate of one
thousand bnrrels a minute. MeKim was
beside himself with joy. In a week he
explored the mine through the old workings,
and he fo ind almost a bed of pure
silver. Actually, he cut out cabinet specimens
with a chisel. He sacks and ships
the ore, and the little property is turning
out $100,000 a year with no other labor
than that of McKim and two Yaqui Indians.
So much for patient industry and
four years of faith and hard work."?
Chicago Herald.
The Names of Ocean Steamers.
The New York correspondent of the
Troy Times thus refers to the rules observed
by different steamship lines in
naming their vesf cls: The Guion ships
arc n; med after States, nnd Territories in
the Northwest, including Wisconsin, Nevada,
Arizona, Alaska and Oregon. The
last-mentioned vessel, whose sad fate
awakened so much notice, was purchased
by the Cunard company from the Guion.
Thp AYhite Star line prefers names end
ing in <fic," a9 the Germanic, the Celtic
and the Britanic. The Cuiiard company
selects u;imc9 ending in <liu," such as the
Scythia, the Persia, the Sc-rvia and the
Aurunia, and the Anchor line pursues
the same practice. The National
line very properly uses
the names of nations, such as
Greece, Spain and Egvp^, while the Inman
line honors various distinguished
cities, such as Clrcago and Berlin. The
State line goes for States, and names its
ships Pennsylvania, Nebraska, etc., but
the Hamburg line dips into authors and
gives us the "NVielaiid, the Gellertjind
the Lessing, with other distinguished
names. The French, on the other hand,
love wine more than books, and hence
the Bordeaux line names its vessels after
the be.st brands, such as Chateau Leon
Ville and Chateau jjifitte. The Bremen
and Hull vessels are named after birds,
and the United States and Brazil line selects
names ending in "ance," such as
the Finance, the Advance and the Reliance.
The Monarch line, on the other
hand deals, in monurchs, and its list comprises
the Assyrian Monarch, the T.yctian .
Monarch, the Grecian Monarch, etc. In j
this manner a remarkable degree of uniformity
is preserved in the midst of a
wide variety of tasto.
On a Broncho's Back.
Dr. Holmes says that "on horseback
a man's system becomes clarified, because
his liver goes up and down like the han- j
die of a churn." The doctor has evident- I
ly taken a deck passage xipon a Texas
broncho some time during his existence,
but is diffident about telling the whole
truth. Liver, lights, stomach, lungs,
heart, and even feet, go up and down,
and if a man's system is not clarified, a
portion of it is generally sacrifice;!, and
when the operation is concluded he invariably
acknowledges that he is "well
oil."?Flatoaia {Texaz~) Argus. j
"KNIGHTS OF LABOR.
i
FACTS OF INTEREST ABOUT THIS j
POWERFUL ORDER.
<
How it was Organized?Its Princi- i
* pies?An Estimate of its Strength 1
?Officers of the Organiza- 1
tions? New Features. 1
]
Philadelphia was the birthplace of ,
"The Noble Order of the Knights of j
Labor," and its founder was Uriah 8.
Stevens, a tailor, who was born in Cape (
May county, N. J., on August 3, 1821. ,
In 1869 he collcctcd together the first .
body of laboring men under the above
given title, though the first properly or- ,
ganized local assembly was not created ,
until 1873. The order spread rapidly, I
for as soon as its general objects were ]
made known to wage earners their syra- j
pathies were inevitably enlisted and they '
saw, in the plans contemplated by the ,
founders, the means of effecting what
probably cou'd not be achieved by separate
trade organizations. Well enough
?n ronv mi wcrft. thev were far
1.1 T...J ~?~J , ?
behind the scheme of the Ivn'ghts, which
was to knit in one common brother- j(
hood all bodies of wage-earners from the 1
Atlantic to the Pacific, so that, if neccs- 1
sary, the power of the union could be 1
brought to bear, through indirect influence,
with its whole weight upon the !
capitalist against whom his employes; <
were struggling even were he in the most; 1
remote corner of the land. From Phila- '
delphia the Order of the Knights of '
Labor spread to Pittsburg, and then it
seized a firm hold on the coal and iron J.
regions of Pennsylvania. In 1878 a con- j;
vention was held for the formation of a I (
General Assembly of North America, find j i
Mr. Stevens, who had presided over j i
Local Assembly No: 1, was chosen as j,
General Master Workman, the head of ;
the order. He served a second term.
From this time on the progress m:idc by (
the Knights was more rapid probably ,
than that which has ever attended any ' j
similar association. j ]
The aims of the order are stated in its ' i
declaration of principles to be: "First, j <
to make industrial and moral worth, not
wealth, the true standard of individual
and national greatness; second, to se- <
cure to the workers the full enjoyment
of the wealth they create, sufficient leisure
in which to develop their intellectual,
moral and social faculties; all of the
benefits, recreation and pleasures of asso- j
ciation; in a word, to enable them to
shave in the gains and honors of advanc- ,
?J
ing civilization." in uruer iui(
secure these results the fol- !
lowing demands arc made "at the
hands of the stateThe establishment
of bureaus of labor statistics; the reserva- j
tion of public lands to actual settlers;']
the abrogation of all laws that do not ,
bear equally upon capital and labor and
the improvement of.the administration of i
justice; legislation to protcct the health
and lives of those engaged in industries,
and for proper indemnification in case of
injury; the recognition of unions- of !
laboring men; the compelling of corpo- j,
rations to pay employes "weekly, in law-,
ful money, for the labor of the preceding i
week, and securing to mechanics and ;
- " " <i j l- _r (
laborers a first lien upon tna pruuuuis ui t
their labor to the extent of their full ,
wages;" the total abolition of the con-!(
tract system; the establishment of com- j
pulsory arbitration between employers ',
and the employed; the prohibition of the
hiring out of contract labor, nnd "that a
graduated income tax be leyied."
Of Congress the most important mea-11
sures demanded are the adoption of the ,l.
fiat money system, the wiping out of j;
National banks, the control of railroads, '
telegraphs and telephones by the gov- 1
eminent, and the creation of postal sav-,1
ings banks. jJ
It is impossible to estimate closely the J
strength of the Order of the Knights of : J
Labor. Though all the trades unions
are not embraced in the order, there are
"? A- A1 3
thousands ot men Deionging to mese aep
ar;ite bodies who are member.!, '
of the common brotherhood. 1
Naturally the Knights desire to 1
keep their strength unknown to out-. j
siders, lest by a knov,'ledge of the full j
extent of the powers which would have
to be met., capital in some cases might j
feel justified in meeting a contest or in : \
prolonging its resistance to labor's de-j
mands. There are said to be about 5,000*!'
local assemblies of the order in the coun-!!
try. and it is believed that a modest esti- j3
mate would put the average membership ;(
at one hundred to each assembly. Of |
course many of the local bodies number (
fewer members, but on the other hand 1
there are many which contain several ]
hundreds on their rolls. Not less than !
500,000 members mav be credited to the 1
" * ' IV. J. f.,1 i
order tnrougnout me cuuuuj ^ winui
inquiries lead one to place the present
maximum membership at not over 1> 000, - r
000. The strength of the order, however, i
is rapidly increasing. |
The order embraces many other than 1
manual laborers. In the membership are
merchants, employers of labor in numerous
trades and manufactories, architects,
clergymen, physicians, newspaper men,
and, more than mi:;ht be expected, con- i
gressional and State legislators and mem- j i
bers of State and municipal governments j ;
are Knights of Labor. The only busi- j
ncsses which are debarred from admis- ]
sion are those of the banker, stockbroker j j
lawyer and liquor dealer. With regard 1<
to the last business tlie exclusion is so ^
wide as to keep out all persons who de-1 ]
rive any profit or income from the sale j'
of intoxicating drinKs. Many women J i
arc members of the organization, and one j
of its fundamental principals is "equal ]
pay for equal work.1' j
The order is composed of local assemblies
-which send delegates to the dis- i
trict assemblies, and the latter arc rep- j
resented in a Gencriil Assembly, which j
is the supreme legislative body. The \ i
local assemblies are composed as far as : i
possible of members of one particular j j
trade. Where this is impracticable a: i
"mixed'' assembly is organized. The i
local assemblies regulate their own initia- j
tion fees and annual dues, but cach j
Knight pays twenty-four cents a year to \
the General Assembly. These contribu- <
tions form the fund from which are paid j
the expense of the officer* and organ- \
izers, boycotting, maintaining strikes, <
etc. The General Assembly meets an- !
nuilly. It chooses officers and an ex- j
eeutivc committee that is entrusted with .
the direction and government of the af- ]
fairs of the order. The head quarters <
of the order are wherever the secretary \
may live. At present they arc at No.
ri _ a i. au ^ -U
2U2 oprucc sircot, riumiimpiitu, uicuumv
of Mr Turner, a perfect type of aa oldfashioned
three-story Philadelphia dwell- ,
in?- i
General Master Workman Powderly ;
receives a salary of $1,500 and the sere- i
tary-ircasurer gets $1,260. The mem- i
bers of the executive board are paid like
mechanics, $3 and expenses for every <
day of actu.il work in the cause. Delegate)
and organizers of new assemblies
are the only other members who reoeive
pay and then they get it only when laboring.
The insurance department is a new fea
. - r ..." . r . .
hnrft nf t.Sp nrdfir. MembershiD is not I
compulsory. By the payment of $1.2o
any one between the ages of eighteen and
fifty may secure to his heirs $500 on his
3eath. The insurance payments are made
by assessment upon the members whenever
a do:ith occurs. The local assemblies
may order strikes without permission
from the executive committee, but unless
they are authorized no assistance can be
commanded from other assemblies or the
higher b dies. Only when the resources
of the district have been exhausted by a
3trike is the financial aid of the whole
bodv called unon.
- v ,
In some of the small towns and villages
co-operative stores have been established
and maintained. A great deal of secrecy
is still kept around the order, but it ia
far less mysterious than when it was
started. Then even the name of the organization
was suppressed and members
were forbidden to acknowledge their
membership. To-day they are not permitted
to say who is a member, though
they may acknowledge their own connection
with the order.?New York Tribune,
POPULAR SCIENCE.
Birds, according to Mons. Desplafcs,
evolve three times as much heat as mammals,
absorbing thrice as much oxygen
and emittting thrice as much carbonic
acid.
A member of the Royal Horticultural
oe'ety of London, has observed that
dah.ias collect much dew on their leaves;
the peach, rose, and evening primrose
very little; while the quince and mulberry
are only very slightly wet.
Mujor-General E. F. Burton hag described
certain large yellow hornets of
[ndia which dispose.themselves in regular
circles upon their nest, with their heads
to the centre. They thus appear like
the spokes of a yellow wheel, and a nest
erf them is sometimes mistaken for a sunflower.
It is found that when paraffine i$-thoroughly
mixed with linseed . oil, cast into
small blocks, and cooled it may bs used
to make any fabric, as clothfelt, and
leather, waterproof, by rubbing it with
such a block, and ironing afterward
to equalize the distribution of the material
in the press. If too much is not
put on, the material may be made to be
only impervious to water, but not to air,
the small greasy pores repelling water,
but not air.
In the reccnt English tests of lighthouse
illuminants was brought out the
curious fact?of great practical as weH as
inf rti-Dcf?mrmr Icalile
SWIV^UI&UV iilVV/l WV VMMT avwchanges
in the transparency of the air
occur without any visible haze or mist,
invisible clouds seem to float by, obscuring
the lights for a time; and it sometimes
happened that while the distant
French lights showed with unabated
brilliancy, the experimental lights, only
a mile and a quarter away, had lost onefourth
to one third their power.
Franklin Institute tests indicate that
one pound of coal burned under a good
boiler, yields a light of about twenty
candles by the incandescent elcctric system.
The same weight of coal gives
from the naked arc light, about 158 candles,
only eighty candles being ordinarily
available, on account of the shading
of nrc lights. The gas from one pound
of bituminous coal yields from fourteen
to seventeen candles. The greater economy
of fuel in electric lighting is offset
ho- i'nrrf?fl?pd Rxnflnsft for machinerv
"J ,V ?.V. v-vvv. X " " ?
and attention.
In a recent lecture in London, Mr. J.
Gr. Baker estimated the total number of
characteristically tropical plants as from
10,000 to 50,000. The plants of the
North Temperate zone embrace about
20,000 specics. The Arctic zone hnsless
than 1,000 species, while the higher
mountain regions possibly furnish 2,000
more? a total"of 3,000 species of what
gardeners call alpines, that is, plants
specially adapted to a cold, damp climate
svitha short summer. Mr. Baker estimated
that 46,000 species of plants are
represented in the possessions of Great
oruuiii.
The data in respect to atmospheric
electricity recorded by Professor Palraieri,
of the Vesuvian observatory, shew
that in clear weather the electricity is
usually positive, and if negative, a downfall
of rain, etc., may be inferred to be
joing on at some little distance. There
is a maximum of atmospheric electricity
it 9 o'clock in the morning, another soon
ifter sunset, which often continues during
a great part of the night ; a minimum
occurs before daybreak, and another in
the afternoon. This prriodicity, however,
is disturbed by atmospheric movements.
Thus, with the maxima, very
pronounced cloudy weather often follows;
if the sky becomes overcast, the electric
indications grow stronger, and if at the
time of the evening maximum the relative
moisture increases with a heavy dew,
maxima of special duration and intensity
may be expected. The presumption that
atmospheric electricity becomes stronger
with altitude is not borne out by the Ve?
suvian observations.
Queer Way of Training Horses. !
Necessity is the mother of invention on
the turf as elsewhere, and has forced
Captain J. S. Shaw, of St. Charles county, J
Missouri, to the adoption of a most novel
as well as economical system of training
race horses. The captain has been unable
to obtain any riding boys, and as a j
substitute has started a stock in trade consisting
of himself, a heavy-weight colored
man, a (log, a bell, a stick and a lane.
The colored man leads them as far as he
thinks fit, strips them, turns them loose,
"shoos" them eff, and rings the bell j
rtirionslv behind them. The fleet horses
gallop from the bell up the lane for dear
life until they meet Captain Shaw and
the dog, when the animals stop and snort
i bit. While they are thus wasting time
in consideration the Captain tak.s the
an/1 enm>rv*s if- un and down the
fence posts until the horses are scared
into starting back at a gallop for the bell.
Captain Shaw says that the varieties of
aoise extracts every bit of the pace the
inimals are capable of?so thoroughly in
the case of Margot, a two-year-old filly,
that she looked no bigger than a dog
fhen getting away from the bell. When
ill of the horses have worked sufficiently
they a:e gathered, clothed, taken to the
stable, given an apple each, cooled off,
ind groomed as if they had been galloped
in the old-fashioned way. The Captain
>ays they are shaping up nicely under
tm process, but he is on the lookjut
for boys to p it the final polish on
them. ?Inter- Ocean.
A Snake and Bird Fight in Mid-Air.
A large hawk flow up the other day in
the vicinity of Merced, Oal., and it was
seen that it had a snake in its claws.
Presently a skirmish took place in the
upper air, and the hawk fluttered and
acted strangely. It finally came to the
ground with a thud, resounding some
distance. On approaching and examining
thn pftiiRft the snake was found coiled
around the body of the bird tight enough
to shut its wind off. As nefther of the
combatants were desirable citizens, they
were left to fight it out, and the snake
won. j
PREVENTING COLDS.
ORDINARY PRECAUTIONS NOT A
SUFFICIENT PROTECTION.
The System Should be Hardened
Against Colds?How Colds Begin
and How they Should
be Treated. .
Titus Munson Coan, M. D., says in
Harper'8 Weekly: Colds are always with
us, like the poor; and the two ills are
about e^ally difficult of treatment.
The very name "cold" is misleading.
There is nothing cold about a cold; it is,
on the contrary, an acute inflammation, a
heat; and it runs its course like any
other fever. This must be kept in mind
if we would understand the best ways ol
preventing and of checking a cold
?I will not sav of curing it; for a cold,
once well established, is as incurable a>
any other self-limited disease.
It takes its misleading name from the
fact that exposure to cold produces it.
Cold feet, a cool draught upon a part ol
the body, or exposure of the whole body
to a low temperature, will bring ffn its
symptoms either in the bronchial tubes,
( 'cold oh the chcst"), the vocal organs
("cold in the throat";, or the nasal passages
("cold in the head"). When the
flame of inflammation is lighted in either
of these sensitive regions it is apt to extend
itself to the others. But wherevei
it is, the disease is inflammation, and
nothing else, and must be treated as such;
that is to say, be palliative retnelies and
by avoiding further exposure until it has
run its course.
But a cold, oncc established, i3 seldom
cured-r-it ends when it has spent itself.
So that the more important question for
us is, how may we keep from catching
colds? How can we diminish the great
tax that they lay on our comlort, the risk
which they cause of pneumonia or bronchitis,
and their frequent termination in
chronic catarrh, the characte:istic American
ailment, and the most distressing of
those that come from our variable climate?
Of the ordinary precautions againsl
catching cold I need say little. To dresi
with suilicient warmth in winter, to
avoid suddenly checking the perspiration
in summer, to gaurd against cold feet the
year around, and against accidental un/inrnmlnrt
^nrinrr alnun nvfkifl fi rfllKrlltj
WTV.UUg ?"""6 ? O
and to keep warm in the cold?all tlies*
precautions we know and practice more
or less carefully, and yet many persons,
in spite of them all, are among the greatest
sufferers from colds.
Who are these unfortunate persons?
They are of all temperaments, habits and
ages. No age, no country, has not heard
their sneezing; and the chorus will nevei
ccasc until the sufferers learn this lesson,
which should be embroidered upon every
pocket-handkerchief in Christendom: "It
is not enough to protect yourself against
the cold. You must also harden yourself
.-igainst the cold."
Thepeoplo, then, who catch cold are
those who depend too much upon precautions
and too little upon hardening,
- * i - 1 Al 1 .. I
ana tne more iney protect xntm-jcivea
without hardening, the tenderer they
become and the likelier to catch cold.
It is like banking up a river; the higher
you build the levees, the worse will be
the overflow when it comes. Those
people who defend themselves only by
artifice against colds are the worst sufferers
from colds.
How does the trouble begin? Very
often, perhaps usually, in childhood. An
anxious mother wishes to be sure that
her child shall not take cold; "and if I
only keep him warm enough," she says
to herself, arguing from the name of the
fViinop?<<if T Mn nnlr Irppn him warm
lum6? ? - v?? ~?-j r
enough, surely he will never catch cold."
So the child is burdened night and day,
summer and winter alike, with wraps
and coverings that keep him in p^rspira*
tion a great part of the time, and this
causes such tenderness of the skiu that
catching cold on the least exposure is inevitable.
It is quite tru ; that a child
should be kept warm. But the anxious
m/-iJ-hpr Trmct hnftr in mind thflt in a warm
room or on a hot day he docs not need
as much clothing as when it is cold.
Overheating, in a word, is (he surest
preparation for colds; but with each new
attack the ignorant mother can think of
nothing better than to make the house
warmer and the clothing thick r. Of
course the little sufferer's skin becomes
still tenderer, and the colds more frequent.
Many an active little fellow, thus
coddled, has to spend the bright days of
winter in watching from his b(d-room
windows the sports of happier children
who are not so tender but that they can
face the snow without danger.
Now what is to be done in such a case?
The treatment needed is simple enough,
though it needs intelligent care in the application.
These are my five rules for
hardening.
1. Cold plunge baths for the comparatively
few who can bear them.
2. Cdld sponge baths daily for the
majoiity of healthy persons.
3. As much out-door exposure,
summer and winter, as possible, always
with clothing according to the season.
4. Avoid sleeping too warm at night;
the golden mean in the matter is the
best.
5. Many Persons take cold by having
cold feet, and for these the cold douche
to tiie ieet 13 a most; eneuuve cmc. 11.
stimulates the nerves and the arteries of
the feet, and produces a brisk reaction
of warmth. A single application will
sometimes set cold feet glowing that
have not been warm for a wnole winter.
In practice I have found this a most effective
remedy, and while it is not to be
used absolutely without precautions of
times and seasons, yet there arc few persons
so delicate as not to bear perfectly
well this moderate and local exposure to
cold, or to profit by it. Often it will entirely
cure the life-long affliction of cold
feet. The colder the water the better;
and if one has not the convenience of a
douche, it will serve fairly well to stand
in a tub or basin filled to six inches deep
with the coldest water at command. The
warm reaction is essential.
,In this matter of colds an ounce of
nrev-ention is worth at least a pound of
cure, as in other ailments of which I
have written elsewhere. One who will
toughen himself as I have indicated need
not often ask, "How shall I cure my
coldP for he will have already said to
himself, <;Fir>t don't catch your cold."
Business Maxims.
Don't cover too much gwwnd.
Don't waste vitality in overwork or
worry.
It pays to sleep well, eat well, and enjoy
lifo.
Make plans ahead?but change them
for good reason.
Make friends and keep them; but cultivate
no favorites.
Don't brag of what you will do?till
after you have done it.
Don't wait for something to turn up?
turn it up.
Systematize your work?but don't
make your employes machines.
' - - - ,m
AUF WIEDERSEHEN.
; -v
>
The sun sweeps down behind the hills
As iC the tired world scorning;
Worn Labor sighs and counts its ills
Increased, despite all hopes aa i wills,
While Night's dread pall enfolds and chills {
But, ah, beyond these dark'ning hill*
Remember it is Morning.
Vlia lnnrl fnrtA? swiftlv out of siffht.
A thread of purple graven
Upon the bosom of the night,
And boundless waters in thair might
Oppose and mock our good ship's flight;
But far, oh, far beyond our sight
There smile3 a waiting haven.
Oh, hearts, hope on?the sun may hid*.
Lands fade; but falter never!
The morning comes white'er betide;
The haven waits though wild the tide ;
Labor and Love at last shall glide ......
Safe to their Soul's rest, there to bid#
In sweet-won peace forever.
My land is lost behind the sea?
Oh, aching heart and burning!?
God knows my soul was wrapped in the?
No more wert thou, in all, to me,
TVinn T Traiild tr? t,hv fjitnre be.
And shall be!?if the mighty sea
Give safe and sure returning.
?Edgar L, Wakeman, in Chicago Newt.
PITH AND POINT,
A rousing appeal?"Time to get up.*
Contentment is better than money and
just about as scarce.~~ Chicago Ledger.
A gentleman of color?A painter.?Pacific
Jester.
Ladies are called dears, because it
' "trr .1
costs so much to keep tnem.? naicrw
Observer.
A pedant is like a newly-ironed shirt;
highly polished, but stuck up? California
Maverick.
"All flesh is grass." If this be true,
the fat woman in the dime museum must
be a haystak.?Ecansettle Argus.
Some one says a beau on a girl's arm
is worth two on her hat. That dependi
on how tight it is tied.?Oil City Blizzard.
.
""We will take what we need," is tha
motto of Chicago socialists. That assures
a bath at all events.?Bingliamton
Republican.
"Waiter, here's a fly in my tea."
"Thank you, sir, I did not notice it."
t rim.m n r>Vi??/?l- fnr fivp. cents extra.
JLiajro UUITU w
?Boston Post.
A woman who was disguised as a man
was found out from the fact that there
wore no suspender buttons in her pockets.
?Burlington Free Press.
1 'Iplayed Hamlet myself once,"remarked
"the trnselian. "Were you
called out?" asked his friend. "Oh, no;
I was called in."?Hatchet,
The Turks believe that a lightning
stroke will cause leprosy. What would
they think if they were struck by a book
agent.?New York In dependent.
It is said that 4'love is blind,"and per- / haps
this may account for the fact that
two lovers never care for any light in the
frcnt parlor.?New Haven News.
If you want to know whether your
grandmother was cross-eyed or where
your great-uncle stood in his arithmetic
class, just run for office, and you'll know
it all.?Texas Sif tings. ; .
There was a young woman of ishing,
Who went for a hasband a-fishing.
She baited her hook
With a pocket-book,
And caught just the man she was wishing.
. ?Rambler.
A sentimental writer says "a baby is a
link which binds its mother to heaven."
Pretty often it is a link which binds heif
i?A,,oa urVinn aim i?j "nlmnst dvinir'J
IU bUQ HUllOb IMIVU Uiiu ? ?y
to go out making calls or to do a little
shopping.?Norrivtown Herald.
A California woman, while splitting
wood, bit her tongue in two lengthwise.
The fact that she now discharges both
barrels at her husband makes him regret
that ho ever delegated the kindling recreation
to her.?Philadelphia CaU,
The cable announces that Prince Henry
of Battenbcrg recently got a heavy fall
while hunting. A similar mishap once
endangered the brilliancy of these columns,
but it was ever so long ago, and
hunting for jam on the top shelf in tha
pantry whs the cause of the calamity.?
Chicago Ledger^
A vniinop man in a restaurant lately
J ~ ?? ?
overheard the following conversation between
two rather rough-looking, but*
evidently quick-witted young men who
came in to get a lunch: "Hello, Dick,"
said the first one, ' 'what's your throat
tied tip for?" "Quinsy." <4Quincy,
Mass.?" "No, Q'lincy, 111."?Harper1*
Bazar.
The train had just emerged from a
tunnel and a vinegar-faced maiden of
thirty-five said to her male companion:
"Tunnels are such bores!" But a young
lady of eighteen, who sat just in front,
adjusted her hat, brushed the frizzes
back and said to the young man beside
~ " * < " ? ? J IM
her: "I think tunnels are awiuuy mcer?Railway
Reporter.
Among the advertisements in a German
paper appeared the following: "Tha
gentleman who found a purse with money
in the Blumenstrasse is requested to forward
it to the address of the loser, as ho
is rccognizcd." A few days afterward
the reply wa? inserted: "The recognized
gentleman who picked up a purse in the
Blumenstrasse requests the loser to caU
at hia house."
Fuel of the Fnture,
The house of the near future, tho
Boston Journal of Commerce thinks,
will have no fireplace, steam pipes, chimneys
or flues.* Wood, coal, oil, and other
forms cf fuel are about to disappear altogether
in placcs having factories. Gas
has become so cheap that already it is
supplanting fuels. A single jet fairly
! hea s a small room in cold weather. A
New York a:ti?t has produced n simple
design for hf-ating ntirely by gas at a
mere nominal expense. It is a wellknown
fact that gas throw* of! no smoke,
soot or dirt. The artis*. tilled a brazier
with chunks of colored glass, and placed
several jets beneath. The glass soon became
heated sufficiently to thoroughly
warm a room lOx'O feet in size. This
design does away with the necessity for
chimneys, since there is no smoke; the
ventilation may be had at the window.
The heat may be raised or lowered Dy
simply regulating the flow of gas. The
colored glass gives all the appearance of
fire; there are black pieces to represent
coal, red chunks for flames, yellowish
white glass for white heat, blue glass for
bine fames, and hues for all the remaining
colors of the spectrum. Invention al
ready is displacing the present fuels for
furnaces and cooking ranges, and glass is
doing away with delay and such disagreeable
objects as ashes, kindling
wood. etc.
Tha young man who imprinted a respectful
kiss on the fair forehead of hi*
best girl, told his friend the next day
that he had been having a bangnp fcime,