The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, March 17, 1886, Image 1
.
by hugh wilson ~ ~ abbeyille s c , wednesday, march 17, 1886. volume xxx. no. 37.:
HE WAY TO ISO MOW.!;
PRACTICAL AND COMMON SENSE SU85ESTI05S ABOUT j
PITCHING CROPS. '
!
THE PATH TO PROSPERITY MADE AS J1
PLAIN AS THE ROAD TO MARKET. j,
' <
Directions which, if Followed. will 11
String Plenty to our Doors, ami [,
Happiness to our Fireside*. 1'
' 1 1 ' iw.t (inlr Ihp i !
Unuer iuik nvau is miiiiiwu ..v...
7iumt?er of acres allotted to each, but the best
proportion Hint should hold between different
crops. Let the estimates be made on a farm
of one hundred acres of arable land, lnas- ^
much as laud is cheap and abundant, lot it he
- called a two-horse farm. To insure proper ctil-1
tivation, twenty-five acres to the horse, to,
summer crops that dem-ind continued ploughing
and hoeing, is an ample allowance under i
existing conditions. When labor-saving im-|
plemeius become perfected and more generally
used, the area under tillage may be increas- j
ed, but for the present. Hie above quantity is J
<a mil estimate. The remaining fifty acres will I
be claimed by small grain, grasses, clover,and
other forage crops, or thrown out to rest. Our
ratio then Is one half under clean culture,
and one half in stubble, sod, pasture or rest.
How shall the first tlfiy acres be cropped? Fit- j
teen acres in cotton or other money crops; (
twenty acres in corn; and fifteen acres in ^
sweet potatoes, peas, ground-peas, or like *
crops, which for convenience mav bo called c
truck crops. Estimating the yield of corn atjjj
tfti hushes ner acre, we have two hundred H
bushel* from tho twenty acres. One hundred I'
for horses, Uventv-Hve for hogs, and seventy- j'
Ave for Tanner's family and laborers. Fifty |
bushels of corn t? a horse may appear a small I '
Allowance to the old-time farmer, who fed ex- : '
oluslvely on corn and fodder and gave a Deck 1 f
of corn a day to each animal. 13ut in conjunc- 1
tkm with oats and forage (for which ample <1
provisions will be made) lifty bushels of corn Ir
a year?or over a gallon a day?is not only as j s
much as is need"d by a hors?, but as much as ' <!
should ever be fed to him. Twenty-five bush- i'
<-ls for hogs is a moderate allowance and pur- j e
posely so?a little lor closing up the fattening ! s
period being all that is pro vided for, it being;*
sissuiued that port can be raised cheaper on j t
other kinds of food. Seventy-five bushels for jf
bread purposes will supply half bread rations j(
for fen or twelve persons; wheat, potatoes and {
vegetables to furnish the other half. j
POTATOES AXD GKOvND PEAS. li
I c
Of the fifteen acres allotted to truck crops, r
two, at least should be planted in.sweet potn- j
toes. A fanner's table should never be. a day ;
in the year, without this nutritious palatable L
and healthy food, and a hundred bushels will j
be required for this in a family of any size. 11
- ? 11 *--< oi K.. 1,,!:
Another imnurcu uumicis ?m m i.?vvv?v^ 1 ri
fatten his pork, and nothing cheaper ot better ! v
am be raised for the purpose. lie ouirlit to I?
have another hundred bushels for his two I s
milk cows during the winter. Taking the av- j
erage of seasons, one hund'ed bushels per if,
acre being {is much us can be safely counted j v
on, three acres in potatoes would be a better s
allowance. Two acres in ground peas for hogs '
eould not be better utilized. A v.iriety called [
''Spanish" has acquired some notoriety of late.
It. is claimed to be more productive that) otlwr < j
kinds?the pods tilling out very uniformly, L
with few or no lnulty ones, or "pops." as they (J
. are sometimes called. We are unable to give ^
description of this variety. From representa- j
Hons of seedsmen and others, we infer thatj?
more than one kind is called "Spanish." The j,
tops of the ground pea, it gathered before s
frost, make excellent hay. The nuts can be L
-economically gathered b.v hogs. Tl\e topr can v
be cut jnst above the ground', with a sharp v
Jioe, without pulling up many of the nnts. n
OI the ten acres "now left, eight may be r
p:antd in peas, and two in rural branching ()
sorghum, Kallir corn, E^yi>tUin millet, or any 0
- ..i ..u;.c
<>I till.* CiifcSS Ol piilll^s i'; nuuiMu i #,
ing?the peas to be usecl iiiahil.v tor milk co j s, (
but. partly (led in hulls) to horses tora c.'iamre j .
<?f diet,and partly to hoirs. The millets are j
.a Imlra'de food for poultry, ami we have found ;?
trie heads of early maturing Mi.lo m-.ii/.e or j
I) ran eh i iii sorghum to be excellent food fori
horses also.
THK AMOUNT OF WHEAT NECESSARY. | Ji
The other half of the land now claims ourjjj
attention. Ten acres are given to wheat, f(
This may be counted on for six bushels an jf,
acre, without special preparation or hi?l> fer- j t,
tilization, or sixty bushels in all. Sixty bush- j|
els will make ten barrels of flour. Enough lor |,.
a half bread ration for an average family and i t
thi* requisite laborers on such a farm. We are t
lully aware of the uncertainty of the wheat v
<-rop in most portions of the cotton belt, but t
where it can be raised our estimate is not extravagant;:
where it cannot, and where also
rice can not be produced to talce the place of
wheat, a tanner is justified in buying Hour. u
lint it is only in the last extremity that the
purchase of bread by u farmer is justifiable. j
RULE FOR SOW FN" G OATS. I
Five acres in oat< to e:ieh horse and cow* isa jV
good, safe rule. ! or a former, with whom dai- ?
ryiiiii is not a specially, two cows are enough,
care being taken to have them give milk in
alternate years. For two hor.-e* and two cows,
then, twenty acres should be sown in oats.
At the very moderate estimate of ten bushels *
per acre, live acres will supply fifty bushels to : ^
the horse; and these fifty buslielsof oats with 1
a like number of bushels of corn, already pro- j{1
vided for, will be Ample grain for a horse for I
twelvemonths. Sotrie peas and some heads of
branching sorghum have been thrown in J
for good measure and and to meet the exlgen- '
?:i**H of very unfavorable seasons. In localities a
w here bot tom land is not found, and where ?
from the thirsty nat ure of the soil, or any oth- t
reason, ihe corn crop is particularly uncer- 1j.
lain, these two last mentioned crops may very *
well be substituted for corn in greater or less
decree. Indeed, we are much inclined to I!
think that rural branching sorghum, or Millo I'
maize, where it matures seed, should form a '
regular part of the grain crop rai.-ed for horse* j1
and mules. They yield a large amount ofil
... 1 1 ..n.lonl.lnrilv l4ii2C lh:in COfll to I *
OCCU ttliu AIICUCVIMWUJ 4V?.. ?
be cut off l?y drought. As suited before, we!'
have led the whole heads freely to horses; j
they ate them heartily, and ?s far as we could c
judge they supplied the place of corn fully. c
e
WINTER GRASSES AND CLOVER.
We now have twenty acres left. The disposing
of these will depend somewhat on soil and
climate. Where clover and the perennial or j ^
winter graces will grow, a goodly portion of J
the twenty acres should be seeded with these t
iiud devoted to permanent pasture. Two to ! v
- nunfv I (1
tliret' Ut'icrt oc ovru?v/ vav * v,*
other year and lour acres put down in orchard i
' or blue grass. Five acres, at least, should be j
set in Bermuda, and the remaining eight;
jicres ol' the fifty put in soiling and forage
crops, such as rye, forage corn, drilled sorghum,
etc. We do not include these iast in
the regular cultivated crops, because they require
only one plowing, and leave a large
quantity of stubble on the land. They are in i
lacthumus-producingcrops. A hall acre oft
rye to each horse or cow is enough, or two ; 1
acres in a' I, leaving six acres for lor age corn. J I
This we regard as one of the most important j '
and valuable crops on the farm. A part of it!f
tdiould be cured as dry fodder: five tons or the I <
product of two and a half acres will suffice for <
four head of stock. The remainder, say twen- 1
ty-four tons of green stuff, should be put in '
silo. We arc entirely.satisfied that silage is 1
one of the cheapest and best forages we can ;
get?not perhaps superior to well cured hay, '
but valuable as supplying variety in winter, :
when stock is confined so mueh to dry food. >
It should not be fed alone; that is, the daily j'
ration should be part silage and part dry fod-1 1
fleiv Kor this reason, the curing of a part of;'
"the corn forage is recommended. ! i
i
PROVIDE FOR THE STOCK. | |
i
The five acres in Bermuda will furnish pas- j,
turuge for both horses and cows through the j'
summer. The four acres of orchard gra?s will
<lo the same during iati? fall and early spring.
The clover will supply hay lor winter; also in
conjunction with Bermuda and orchard gra.-B
furnish grazing to pigs from llrst of June till i ,
Jail, u wiiiuewi imuui luiuii^v-iiKiiti
proposed, ample provision is made ibr the I'
sustenance ol" both man ami beast, whilst the '(
programme is not an expensive one; neither !
beyond the capacity of an ordinary farm nor .
the means of an average farmer. The e-ti- .
mates are not based upon rieli or highly ma-J
mired land, unless it be in ca>e of clover,grass |(
and drilled corn. A bountiful supply of for- !
age, supplemented by pasture, is provided to i
guard against seasons of excessive drought, i.
and because animals, when not at hard work, 1
can be kept almost entirely on forage. Event- '
ually it all goes back to tin; manure heap. In j
localities where red clover and perennial;!
grasses do not thrive, burr and Spanish or;
Mexican clover or crimson clover, together I
1 1 ?.? -? oml 1 >:l r!<> v ill IV 1
Willi iiivreiiscutucan ui i j ^ i.u v. ...?, t
take their places. |
the cottoxtots question.
But, says the cotton man, or the"cottontot," !
as some of our friends call him, "out of one i
hundred acres you have allowed only fifteen
for cotton; I won't have any money nt 111e J
end or the year." Not a great deal, it is true, i
but when, heretofore, you have planted largely
of cotton, how much money did you have ,
after the bills for theycar's supplies were paid.
Under your programme ymi may not have
much reaily cash, but you will not have pressing
need for much. You will linve a house to
Jive in, firewood, bread, meat, rniik and but.';
lor, poultry, eggs ami :i plenty for your stock, i k
A few groceries and some clothes will com-1t
pri?e your Uctual wants. You will have money
enough to siet them and pay taxes, school <
L>i)I. medical and charitable demands. <:
l.et us look at the matter in another light: i
A ftrm with one hundred acres of arable iami <
\nd tweuty-tive of timber, generally with or- !
Unary improvements, can be bought for -:!.<> 0 c
>r less: ^Vji) will stock and equip it with im- jp
piementsmm venicies; mihi more win , provisions
for the (irsl year. In short. c
will be capital invested. We suppose the far- I
ir?pr and his family do all the work. In re- '
turn for his labor and a capital of SJ.OON, what ; !
iocs he get ? A home, lirewoo.3, bread and c
meat, milk, butter, earjrs, potatoes, vegetables, j
fruits; that is, a good comfortable living ; and,
taking the average yield of the country (one
bale to three acres), live bales of cotton in ail- j t
1 ition. That, observe, is the lowest estimate; (,
if an energetic, good tanner, he ought to make j i
\t least ten bales of cot Ion. Five bales would ; 'j
t?e equivalent to eight per cent, on ids capital; J i
ten bales to sixteen per cent. If his labor is 11
liired, he would make ' a living," but have lit- I s
tie or no surplus cash. Does farming pay, .
then? On ordinary farms, with ordinary j
management, a small farmer, who does his j
lwn work, may make a comfortable living; .
ic can't lay up much money. Under like con- a
litions those who hire labor probably do well )
f they make both ends meet. On rich land, r
>r with plenty of manure, and with labor savng
Implements, both may make money; but
icither can on the "allieotton" plan, as abunlant
experience has demonstrated. .
t,
Our agriculture has suffered much from n | j.
iisregard of judicious rotation ol crops. The , c.
lubject may be viewed from two stand-points. ! o
. The relation of successive crops to each otli- j v
>r. as regards tlie portion of the soil, and the \
lements of the soil exhausted by each. 2. c
The conservative or counteracting effect of j r
?ne crop upon the destructive (washing audi
caching) efiects of the other. In general, the
,'rains feed in the upper layer of the soil chiefy,
and exhaust, its nitrogenous contorts.
Fhey are fit rous-rooted plants. The tap-root- j
>d plants, like peas, clover and cotton, feed
leeperin the soil, and exhaust Its contents of
)hosphori?i> id and potash. While n deep- <ooting
crop, then, is drawing upon the suoioil,
the upper soil has an opportunity to remit
its stock of plant lood from the air and
rom weathering, etc.; while the surface-root'd
crop is fee Jin? In the upper soil, the sub*-!
oil has an opportunity to recruit its lost "
trengt li. The alternation of -such crops is
Mainly advantageous. In a hillv country the
ther relation of crops, to-wit, their effect up- |
?) the washing and leaching of soils, is if any*
hing still more important. Where land if?
tedded. imperfection in the running of rows
oncontrates water upon certain points with
lestructive energy. Continued plowing loosns
the soil and makes it an easy prey to runling
water. A crop where cultivation ren
lUJ'S (l Jll'ltl III/MIHIIC \71 11* ill,, putitvo i?.it |
l ienythoned period facilitates the leaching Jr
nit of its available plant fond. Oil the contra-!
v crops, growing on a smooth, level surface. I r
ike the small erains can so a uniform ilistri- j
ution of rainwater over the surface with less u
rasliinsr: the comparative firm soil, nndisnrbed
by the plow and fl!ie<l with roots, re- I v
Ists the scouring: filed of water; us the crop J
;rows through the winter and in summer is I ^
allowed quickly hy a spontaneous growth of J
coed* and grass, the soluble elements of the ; n
oil are appropriated and held by living I
ilants. and have no opportunity of being J u
cached out by rains.
In any rotation, then, it is well to look lo (
ioth the points mentioned. Let us consider j
hem in connection with the crops sketched>j
>ut. for a two-horse farm. uiose 111 me m>i | a
iity acres lire pretty generally planted on i
are plowed repeatedly, and maturing in t ,,
.utunm leave the land hare of living vea'eta- I
1011 through the winter. Most of those in the I
eeond fifty acres present th 3 opposite condi- ft
ions?no hctls, growing plants through the j
rinter. followed quickly by a growth of living |
reeds after the corps mature and din in sum-!n
ner. The twosets a re therefore coin piemen fa- ^
y: one is conservative, the other destructive; J1
me in part repairs the injury done hy the oth- j c
r. They ought, therefore, to alternate with > L
ach other. Let. us attempt to arrange tliein )
hns. It. cannot lie perfectly done with the 1 c
>roportions above, but may be approximated !y
>y two parallel series, as shown in the follow-1'
ng plats each containing twenty acres. v
A BIRDS EYF VIEW OK THE FARM. I 11
I s
The llrst series is quite perfect; the second '
s quite defective 1 he orchard and JJerniudn ii
:rass plats are permanent; the clover, rye j I;
nd drilled corn may he rotated, corn in part 11
rillowing clover at end of two years, and rye j i
blowing corn in part. The len acres of corn 1
mid, which is to be occupied by peas and mil- ; li
i*t the following year, may be sown thinly in ; ii
ye the previous autumn, and a?ain in rve at 1<
"? ^ i^i I ?
lit; last plowing or peas anu niuna, anu uiu.t i p
ie covered with u growing crop through the i
winters. The expense would lie small, and ; 1;
he rotation much improved thereby. v
r
PITCHING AND ROTATION. f
Tn the preceding discussion the special C
'pitching" of crops, and t tie special "rotation"
presented.ate notclaimed to he perfect., or Sl
<est adapted to every locality. Hut it is he-?
ieved that the policy and general principles i r,
rhlch pervade them are sound and good, and i
t is hoped that they may be suggestive of I J1
ome cliauges fur the better. I b
I 1
TIIE NECESSITY FOK ENKJtGETIC ACTION. j 01
The present month calls for much activity. | n
^reparation for summer crops must be press- ^
:d forward; it cannot be safely delayed anyjj,
onger. Land which has not yet been broken 11)
itid which is hard may become too dry to j.
.1. W tl... ...,.,.1. i.. fllll* I
uvniiiii 11 iuv >uuj\ 4.? v/..v .
:ood'breaking is gtMieraliy regarded as suilllent.
It is better to let land which lias been , ti
iroken receive one good rain, and then give it | ^
l thorough pulverizing with one of the mod-! ^
tm harrow* like the Acme. Inland already
>roke?, these can b? run to the full depth of
he breaking, tearing to pieces the clods and j
ining it inueti better than a plough eould do. j h
Is the harrows finish a wide strip at a go, six j <>
o ten acres may he passed over in a day. It. i k
s not expensive work, therefore, and, indeed, f<
f several beating rains should fall between s
iie breaking and planting of land, it, wouldiii
>ay handsomely to follow each one of them j u
vith such harrowing. In clay lands, especial-1 <i
y, thw opening and pulverizing of the soil is ; f>
univalent to a goo<l manuring; ana in urui-i i
tl crops the work must be done before the ; i*
rop i< planted ; it cannot be done afterwards, j v
xeept very near Hie surface. :>
HOW WE SHOULD WOltK. f)
^ome weeks before planting, beddingshould i1
iegin?but a partial bedding only?say four I'1
nrroffs to the row, leaving the middle to be | ^
iroken just before or just after planting. This | _
trill give a clean, fresh surface pretty much!''
ivcr the whole ground, as the top of the bod- '
vill be freshened in the act of planting and!'1
(ivi'Hntf tin* seed. Where land has been well j;
>repared, this preparatory bedding may be j
lone very Vapidly with a walking or riding .
initivator; and anything which saves time ?
uid labor at t his very busy season is certainly I}'
vorthv of attention. It w ill throw four fur* 1'
ows together at one froing. and that is as | .
nany as one desires. We have never seen it j.
lone, but imagine that by removing the two l.
nncr plowhoes, and setting the twoouter at a i11
roper distance apart, that two rows may be .
aid off at one sroin;; by ihe same implement, J'
;nd with a marker attached every row miutit j ~
I.us be made exactly equi distant. When {"
somposts are to be applied, the work is greaty
facilitated by putting it in sacks or barrels j'
mil hauling out and depositing these in con- j .
enicnt l'nes through the tleid. This can be ! ^
kino a low weeks in advance, when the ground I '
s too wet to plow, or tin- teams are not speei- j '
illy busy. The putting in sacks or barrels en- ,
ibiesone also to divide or proportion out the ,
nanure to every acre very uniformly. As the j
ise of composts must become a certainty in j'
?ur farming. machines for distributing if rap-.j1
d'y and uniformly must lie perfected. It Is a !1
natter that should command the attention of
n:?nul:ieturers and inventors. ^
SOW IS TI?E TIME TO JiEGIN CORN l'UNT- .
ING. (
"When land i? dry enough, corn-planting '
nay be advantageously begun this iikhiMi,
joth on uplands and bottoms. The udvati- j
'ages are freedom from bud-worms ami the
jpportunity of working il before cotton requires
much attention. The disadvantages
ire the detliculty of procuring a stand and
the slowness wit.li which the crop grows off (,
1'he trouble about securing a stand comes j
from covering too deep or from depredations t
>f birds. Early planted corn should never be
covering more than an inch or an inch and a V
lialf deep. To secure this uniformity, theeov- *
fring must cither be done with a hoe in care- ?
fill hands, or wi'h a planter, which gausres the ?
ilepth accurately. The latter is prferable on s
tlic score of cheapness and rapidity. Who (
can tell lis the hot planter for ihe purpose?)j
Where drainage is good, planting m snaiiow ?
water furrow facilitates the working <>f t lie 7
crop and appears to assist it in withstanding: {|
drought. Somedrop manure t ear the grain ??l'
norn betore it is covered; others drill it. alone
the furrow as for cotton; others still put it in
sidiiitr furrows on each side of corn at lirst <?r
second working. W e are not aware tiiat satisfactory
tests have ever been made to decide
which i* the best method, but have practiced
tiie la>t for years with satisfactory results.
On theoretical grounds we desire to repress
rather than encour.ig-) the formation ol stalk, >*
and therefore wit hold manure to the late.-t I
period practicable. Numerous and repeated \
experiments have very clearly shown that 'I
phosphates should enter freely into manures it
applied to corn. Next to phosphates, potash 1
seems to be most needed by tills crop-uitro- u
ron being rather less cm Hod for than either of
lie llirw leading constituents of manures.
.Jus1 before the corn begins to come up. run
?ver the field with a smoothing harrow and
ontinue this at short intervals until the corn
s six inches high. If the land has heen prop- ]
rly prepared, no other working with plow or
loc will he called for up to that point and the
xop will be kept perfectly clean. This is a
jeneral practice at the North, and is a long
tep forward in corn culture, wonderfully
heapening the cost of production, on level
at ids. l he planting in checks and ploughing
>oth ways likewise dispenses with the use of
he hoe, and greatly lessens the expense aeon
ul.
"HE GRASSES AXI) WHAT SHOULD BE DONE.
Seeding of clover and grass liuiy continue
hrough this month: as dry weather is likely
o prevail, it is better to brush the seed in
igliliy and follow the brush with the roller.
'op-dressing of these crops are Desi given
his month. For grass some nitrogenous rnaerisil?ill*
rate of soda, <jo pounds per acre,. or
ulphate of ammonia?should be added to
hosphates and kainit. When slnble manure
s used nothing else is needed. For clover,!
>iaster and kainit are excellent; one hundred
(ounds-of each will sullioc. Top-dressing of
rain may he given somewhat later. Just as
he crop prepares 10 send up stems is the pro>er
time to apply them.
TOI1ACCO.
Tobacco culture has attracted attention of
ate. It does not commend itsell to our judgnent.
Tobaccois.it" ?ny thing, a more cxlansting
crop than cotton; it calls for a very I
arge amount of labor?it scourges land by its I
lean culture?it requires skill and experince
to prepare a good article, and a poor one
pill not pay, and last, but not least, we deote
too much attention already to money
rops. Let us rather stress those which will
ender our farms self-supporting.
LAST WEEK ABOUT DOE WEST.
iRATORY, RELIGION, EDUCATION, MAGIC
POWER, ENLIVENING GOSSIP.
i Compliment to the "Press anil R?n>
nep^?Abbeville's Alumni OratorThe
3Iiswionnry Oflieers? I>r. landsay's
Work?The Oldest Lady in
the Female t College ? Personals
and Other blatters.
[Associate Reformed Presbyterian.|
Our medical students have resumed work.
Tlie condition of Col. Aiken's health still
emains unchanged.
Dr. and Mrs. Cowan spent last week with
elatives at Chappells.
Dr. (jrier returned from Charleston on Satrday.
He reports quite a pleasant trip.
Kev. Calvin Press!ey and family were dowr.
isiting relatives and friends last week.
Col. J. I-'. Calhoun has been down for a few
ays on his plantation, on Savannah lilver.
The cotton mill at Newberry stopped riming
one day last week for the want of coal.
Some of our wood "borrowers" are being
seil as targets for pistol practice these nighls.
Mr. A. V. Thomson, of Ora. Laurens county,
s?s boon over visiting relatives this woek.
Dr. Lindsay- was at Mt. CJarmel last Sabbath.
Ie is building up quite an in tores ling charge
1 that place.
The Baptists of Greenwood are preparing to
nt up a new front to their church and contemplate
other improvements.
One of the weak points of the "poor farm r"
was quite perceptible on our streets last
aturday?the fiiiiino '.rad?? was brisk.
The authorities at I'eizer, one of the cotton
lilis, in this state, forbid the keepingof dogs,
ins or chickens by the operatives.
It is claimed that two Indies of Abbeville
an perform successfully most of the teats of
lie celebrated Georgia wonder, Lulu Hurst.
M. John Wren, of our town, has secured the
on tract for building a fine residence for Mr.
i. D. Brown lee, in the city of Anderson.
Miss Josic Chiles, after a visit of two weeks
rflh her friends in Due West, left for Wiliainston
last..Saturday afternoon, to visit her
ister, Mrs. G. W. Sullivan.
The Pruss and Ttannrr, with Its usual iijrtom- ,
table energy and enterprise, gave its readers
*st week a very full account of the installaion
of Hev. J. Lowrie Wilson as pastor of tlic
'resbytcrian church of Abbeville.
The exercises in the Due West Female Col?ge
were suspended last Monday afternoon in
onor ol" the natal day of the venerable Miss
). McQnerns, Hie oldest and most faithful
receptor ever connected with the institution.
At. the meeting of the Missionary Society
istThursday eveniug (he followingoiticersI
rote elected for the next quarter: I)r. J.
toyce, President; Rev. W. L. l'tes?ly, Vice'resident:
O. Y. Bonner, Secretary; J. B.
loch ran. Treasurer.
Miss J<ucy Teaguc is teaching the Flint Hill
chooi, Newberry county.
Mr*. Eliza Elmore, of Newberry, who died
ecently, willed one-third of her property to
lie Newberry Lutheran church, and one-third
i> the Baclunan Endowment Fund of Newerry
College, and the remainder to a nephew,
'he estate is estimated to be upwards of S3,)'>.
\V. O. Bradley, Esq., of Abbeville, will driver
the address before the Aluiuui Associa- '
Ion of Erskine College at their next meeting
1 .June. Mr. Bradley is practicing law at. Abevitle,
and is making lor himself an enviaie
reputation. lie is of the class of 1S7S.
lis friends all over the State will be pleased
n know that he has accepted the invitation
hat is so well bestowed, and confidently excel
of him a rich literary treat.
" : l'"?
u <inu (
Undoubtedly there is much unnecessary
orse-shoeing done. Horses that are driven .
n tlie road, over all kind of lands and in all
:inds of weather, must necessarily be shod,
>r no hoof will stand sharp gravel and coble
tones nor can a horse make headway over an
y road wiili bare leet. ihit the horse that is i
sed mainly on the larmand takes only short, j
ccasional trips on tlie road does not need I
hoes, he i>, in fact, much better oil'without I
hem. Constant cutting, rasping, burning j
lid piercing the hoof with nails, certainly
forks an injury to that important member,
ml the contracting, con lining inlluence of
he shoe is too often shown in the feet, of crip-j
? i l. ?. "" be thn /o'lnnlnr) fit At. !
1 i'll ihumn ?m-cviimo wi I-11vi ...wV|
nay be traced to the blacksmith?that is the)
set would have been sound h id the black- i
aiitli never touched Ihein. Jt docs not neessarily
follow that he has "botched" the job,
Ithough that is too frequently the case. It
nay lie that the fanner does not patronize
iiin often enough. The horse that is kept
hod needs to have frequent attention given
lis feet. The shoes should not be left on un11
tlj?*y get loose or fall oIF altogether, they
hould be reset every tew weeks, unless this I
s done the feet are liable to be drawn of shape
nd some injury done to the foot. The shocr
mist be blamed for the farmer's negligence,
n Slimmer, especially, farmers often leave
he shoes on from spring until autumn il they
[o not come off themselves.
The cost of keeping a Jiorse perfectly shod
til ing the year amounts to many dollars,and
inlcss the farmer intends to do things ui> in
.....I tlv.nn nml intuit* this full tilX lie ha(l!
nucii better leave It alone entirely?Insutliient
shoeing Is worse than no shoeing. The
ioof in its natural state is calculated to anwerthe
natural wantsof tho animal, it grows
i) the right form tor clinging to ?tcep, slipicry
places and is tough and elastic. The
I'ork upon the farm and moderate driving on
lirt roads, such jus wu usually llnd in the
ountry, does not overtax the natural endurnce
of the hoof, hut when they are put
, hard thoroughfare, or upon slippery roads
n all weather, the horses hoof is not proof
uninst the unnatural strain imposed upon it.
I'lien it is that shoes mutt be resorted toby
he owner.
Comparatively few farmers need to shoe
heir horses in Summer, ii is more a matter of
oolish pride with them than anything else,
'hey want a team in condition to pound over
. gravel road at a Hying gait, just because it is i
ashiouablc among the swells and jockeys to j
I rive in this way.
m ? ??
ISerzmitfn <<rasN.
Bermuda grass can he killed by shade. Two j
Tops of peas the first year; next year sowed '
n small grain and peas. After the grain is,
ut you will he dorm with Bermuda. Nomount
of plowing or grassing v ill kill it. J
'Co land is too poor for it; If sowed in mil lies!
t will turn their red, rugged banks to aliving- j
rreen. It is not necessary to fence it ; sloeK
an not hurt it. If you will sow a patch outide
you will rind stuck coming to it from ev-!
ifi 11 it. Sow ami scatter it.
t' keeps down sedge-grass. All Northern I
trusses find ciovers on extra long drouths or!
iejivy pasturing will give way to sedge-giass, i
ill that I have had experiencw with. Kort'.iej
south peas (hunch peas), sweet-potatoes (not
urnips), rye, I'.eriuuda grass cotton-seed, [
:orn and oats for feed, not to sell.
'I'I icy Cosue Well Jteoosiimeiulod.
[h'eowee Courier.J
Miss Mngsrie McNineh and Miss Lillian 1
>wigert have been employed by Dr. Stock as
eaehers in the Wftlhaila Female College .Hid
vili enter upon their duties at an earb day.
hese ladies have had experience in teaching;
md come well recommended. We are glad to
earn that the college is increasing in numbers i
aid usefulness. I
MISS E. MERE
IN THE BEAUTY OF HOLINESS SHE CELEBRATES
HEP- EIGHTY-FOURTH
ANNIVERSARY.
An ft Murk of Allociioii Tenchcrs anil
I'upils ANHCEiible to Do Honor to
One "Whose Sweethess mid (ioodiions
HIokn all who Know Her. and
WBaose ffiovc for Mankind IC11 circles
Her Saintly Brow with a
Halo of (ilory.
Associate Reformed Presbyterian.
m' ~ !twl\' WOfi On. I
1 111? UirilJUilJ tjl UH.-> <VU1.1U>MV .f.vv .
pvopriately celebrated at tlie Female College I
on Monday last. She has passed her eighty-1
fl nil birth-day. (We expect some calculating
brother or stater to say that, since she is only
eighty-four years old, this is a mistake.) The
exercises were simple and informal, and was
eminently tilling that they should occur in
1 lie Female College, an institution with
which Miss McQ,ueriis has been so long
identified and to whose interest she has been
devoted. A birth-day dinner was the first
thing in order. Alter this, the following
touching ?nd tender remarks were made by
President Kennedy:
"Wo honor ourselves by honoring those
who are worthy. This is the pleasant task of
the hour. To-day Miss McQuerns is eluhtyfour
years of ;ige. It, Is a kind Providence
that has spared her to us so long. Her life
has been very "beautiful, adorned throughout
with the'beauty of holiuess.' Those feet, that
now begin to totter, will so'on tread the golden
streets of that city that hath foundations,
whose builder and maker is God. Those ears
that are now dull, shall soon thrill to the music
of Heaven. Those eyes that are now dim,
shall soon behold the King in his beauty, and
nn nil that is beautiful and glorious in |
tbe Paradise of (jod.
We may not know all that is Implied in the
expression,'This corruptible must put on incorruptlon?this
mortal must put on immortality,'
but unless some radical change is
wrought In the disposition of saints, it is easy
to imagine that our friend will very soon be
looking round for some angelic messenger to
carry a bunch ol grapes of Eschol to each of
us, who may be left behind her. This would
be in keeping with her generous nature.
Whether the scenes oi' this day shall over
be re-enacted we know cot, but in any event,
our prayer is that our v. nerahle iriend may
patiently wait all tbe days of her appointed
time till her change come, and that when her
eyes shall be forever closed on earthly scenes,
they may open on the glories of the better
land. When her sun goes down may it set as
the morn ins: star, 'which goes not down behind
the darkened west, but melts away into
the light-of Heaven.' "
Then came this appropriate toast: W '
' To our as/red and very dear friend, who we
feel assured will soon drink ol the 'pure
river of the water of life, clear as crystal, we
propose a toast of pure cold water, trusting
thet the days yet- remaining to her, may be as
peaceful and happy as those that arc past
have been useful to us. and when that messenger
come--, who comes alike to all, he will
find her ready and waiting 'to pass over the
River, and rest beneath the shade of the trees
on the other side.' "
?iv.otr\f this noensinn was I
the presentation of valuable presents by the ;
member of the Senior Glass and the Facully. '
In the Col I ok'1, there are to-day grandehi!-|
dren of mothers taught-by this self-sacrillcing j
woman. Hers is a noble record, Herlile lias
been spent for others. l$y kind words and j
kind acts through a long and very busy life
she has left her impress on children's children.
And now, as the day is fur spent, and
the sun is visibly gilding the Western sky she
is ealmly resting and waiting, already winged
'for glorious spheres and splendor past all
thought.' 'The wise in heart shall be called
prudent; and the sweetness of the lips in*
creaseth learning.''
TerrHciujr.
CoUoii l'lant.
Lay off the terratic lines perfectly level,
(rive three feet from one line to another.
Throw two furrows together with a two'horse
turn plow, making the terraces three feet i1
- ' ! -> : - i * ? I
wide, if a one-norse piow is useu n i> ut:*u m j
jive four forrows. Where a wash or mil ley is j
crossed the terrace must be built up by siiov-j'
eling dirt 1'rom below or above Iho terraee, I
making it a little higher than at other points;
if the wash is a deep one, obi lo^s, chunks
and stones can be used lor filling up. The
rows arc run with the terraces, alternating, 1
first with one terrace then the other, the point
rows being midway between the two terraces.
Where there is unterraced bind above the
wster must be conveyed off by a good ditch.
The terraces can bo plowed up at the end of
(lie year if desired; but if they have been correctly
made, they should remain permanently.
There are Instruments on market by
which the desired fall can be obtained, and1
the lines run very correctly and rapidly.
Last year I terraced a field of stubblcl and, a
portion of which was quite rolling and though
we had some heavy rains, the terraces did ,
not break, except at a very few places where '
washes bad already formed. I al.-o terraced
ii piece of land that had been in cotton the pre- J (
vions year. In May I harrowed the cotton
twice, and hoed it to a stand, leaving the sur- '
face smooth. In a day or so after hoeing
there fell one of the heaviest rain T remember
of ever seeing. The water floated over the 1
whole surface. The terraces were washed
over and. being new, were broken in a num
her of places, but they hold much ot tuo soil
which otherwise would have been washed
from lbe field. Had the-terraces been made ,
rme year earlier, and the grass bad time to
get firmly malted, awl the sod become firm]
it ml compact., tho land could not have washed, j'
In November I sowed this piece of land in ,
wheal, and the low places above the terraces i'
have been filling up at every rain.
I.intended terracing the balance of my land | ('
liiis Spring.
I did not statein the proper order that the
terraces should be examined after each heavy I
rain, for the first year, and the broken places
built up a little hitrher than tlie balance of
the line so as to force the water to other <
points After the liist year the terraces are
not likely to break.
In the absence of a better instruments for '
laying off the lines, a level can be made in a ,
few minutes by taking a long piece of!:
flooring plank, having a straight edge, nndii
naiiins: squarely to each end a narrow piece j
of plunk about four-and-a-half feet lontr. Tne
flooring plank must have a perfectly straight
edsie, and the end pieces must be exactly of ,
equal Icnath, or it will not be correct. Place '
.. ! ?/* Att/1 f/\ on rvlnil
II hflll ll u:\l-l WII l'?|?wi III?. r?.u % ?.. ? .^x? | (
in front, keeping it in position by tacking a
few laths on the sides of the plank so sis to extend
up the sides of t lie level. This level is (
convenient, for carrying on the shoulders.
The front hand moves his foot of the level lip ,
hill or down hill as may he required, until '
the spirit level indicates the level position.
A mark is then made and a pes stuck up, and ,
the level curried forward, and the rear hand !
places his font of the level in the track the
front cud was moved from, and so on. A
liylit furrow Is run tor permanently locating
the lines. The terraces can be completed at
any future time.
In using the plank level, the three feet fall
can be obtained by tacking a short strip
squarely ncross the front foot of the level,
three fretahove the urotind, for siffhting by.
IJeuIn at the lowest portion of the tield and at
the end of each line, turn the level squarely
rlown the bill, with the front foot on the line,
and raise the rear loot until it is level. The j
foremost hand can then sight by the strip up ]
to where the next line should be.
Personal Mention.
{ Southern Cultivator.] I,
With unfeigned regret we note thentHlcfion j1
of the distinguished Patron, Hon. 1). Wysitt;1
Aiken. His earnest, and valued counsels were
missed at the session of National Grange, in j
Boston, last November. .No man lias render-!
ed more valuable service to our Order than J
lie. From the incipieney till the present!
time, he has been an outspoken, fearless and J
honored champion of our cause. In l>ccem-i!
Iter, lfW, he received a fall which injured his;
hip, and resulted In serious nervous atllictions,
Irom which he has become an intense I
sufferer. The "silken tie" binding us logelli- 1
er raises a prayer on liigli that our Divine!
."Master may vouchsafe to this eminent, brother
nmny years of renewed benlth and useful-'
11 ess. As Chairman of the Committee on lid- j,
ucation in the present Congress, in which lie
luis not yet been able to take his seat, Colonel \ ?
Aiken lias n fine opportunity to greatly aid | '<
the educational interests of the South.
Col. T). Wyatt Aiken, morn her of Congress')
from the Third V>Ntrict, lias received notice I
from the Post Olliee Department of the removal
of Tliomus A. Sullivan, route a rent be-1
tween Columbia and Walhalla, to take eH'oct.
on appointment, of his successor. Mr. X. L.!
Faiit, clerk in the post olliee at Anderson, has :
htv-Mi recommejide 1 for the position l>y Col.
Aiken, and his mime forwarded lo the de- <
partment in Washington. .Mr. Kant Is a wor- 1
thy younti man and iuis had siilli.*i<-n: cxperi- :
CIK'O III I III" IHIMitl III IllilHi- i' i I-||||H lenf.
mutt; u^uiit. Ills sippointincnt will Im-on
probation of six with si salary at Llio '
rate of j?S00 per sir.nnin, suit I si!, t ho end of t lisit. i
time ho will be aUvsinced awarding to hiy i
ijuaiiftcations.?Andm'am Journal. 1
The Cotton Planter's Crisis.
Southern agriculture scorns to linve reached
a turning point. In the fiice of the ftiot. tiutl
the average cost of growing a pound of cotton
Ik not less tlian eight, cents, tlie farmer has
been compelled by his necessities to sell it for 1
eight cents or little more. Of course "there is
no common sense, but a great deal of common
folly in such farming. To borrow a commercial
slant;, i lie low price of cotton has
"knocked the bottom out of cotton planting
as a business.
Yv'e do not wish to be understood as intimating
that cotton cannot. bo profitably pro
duceil at X to 10 cents per pound. Not a few or
our best fanners have made money growing;
cotton at t he prices now prevailing. 1UU we
do believe that, the farmers of the South, as a
class, are actually losing money at the business.
The losses of i he many, who pursue the
plan of buying articles of prime necessity
which they can and should produce at. home,
greatly over-balance tHe gains of the few who
loilow different, and wiser methods.
" The tax-digests, it is true, show an annual
increase in the vaiue of taxable property: but
it is by no means clear that, the increase is
due to the profits made?by the farmer?in
growing cotton.
It has been common to magnify cotton as
King It is claimed as a point of merit that,
it always cmnmunds the cash any and every i
where; that the world needs all we can make,
mid must have it: that it. furnishes the basis
of our foreign credit, and other sovereign attributes.
Granting nil these, what are its
weak points? Cotton cannot be eaten by
man or beast; very little of it sullices to clothe
the people who produce it; the producer can-. ;
not control the price, but is compelled to lake
what lie Is pftereu for n; nor can ne irunsform
It into a different and more profitable
product. Compared, in these respects, with
most of the crops grown on the farm, cotton
makes a lame (snowing. Corn, email grain,
hay. potatoes, fruits and vegetables, etc., ;
serve as food for the farmer and his animals.
If he can't always sell his supplies at a profit
or cost, he and his family and his stock can
consume it with a good npnetite.
If corn is plentiful and cheap, he may fatten
more hogs and sell-his surplus pork. If
oats are a drug in the inaVket he can feed
tlion to his cattle, poultry, sheep, eta, and
sell In the form of beef, butter, chickens' and
eggs, mutton and wool. The same may be
said of all other provision crops; they are
easily convertible into other forms which
may command readier sale at more remnnera- <
tive prices. Moreover, it is true that the
higher the form into which a farmer converts
the raw material from his fields, the greater
will be the value of the product and the protits
of his business. Of course we do not
mean that a farmer should encage in mariufncturiny
the raw material. He should con- i
fine himself to converting one form of value
into another by skillful breeding and feeding,
and to savins and applying ail- waste products i
Ill l.(M' Mil 111 Ul II HI I III I c.
The field of discussion Into which we afe
drifting Is too big for present, exploration.
What we might say at great len?th may ho
summed up in one sentence: The farmer's
business should lie to make his living on his
farm. The essential idea of farm lit g is that :
of producing all the food?in the form of substantiate
that may be required ut home,and .
also those things Which minister to comfort
and luxury, no far as they may he produced
at reasonable expense of tabor and care. Ttie
false idea, the great error of the Southern farmer,
is that the business of the larnier is to
produce some leading money crop as the
main object, all other crops being only subsidiary
to the one money crop?necessary evils
nr drawbacks. This error has taken such
deep hold on the mind" of the majority of
Southern tnrmers that it seems to have been
iu them; in fact. It is largely an inheritance.
Merchants, mechanics, and professional
men strive by their brains and by their
arts to gain money with which to buy the
comforts and necessaries,and, as lhey may be
able, the luxuries of life. The farmer need
take no such round-about methods to secure a J
supply of the necessaries and comforts and
nmnv of tin' luxuries, He may go, and by ail |
moms ought to (jo, direct to the lir-st sourcemot
her earth.
Fur twenty years past we have been following
our i'juix fatuux, the hope of petting rfch
by cotton-planting. Indeed, for the last ten
years many farmers have been g ?<l to make
both ends meet, and have despaired of attaining
a competence. Something must he done.
The present state of things cannot always ;
continue. As a remedy or escape* from the
pvi>s of the day we do not presume to oiler a
specific. Every farmer knows what we have
written is true. Glad we are that many of
them have cast oil' their slavish allegiance to
notion and have commenced farming in its
true and original sense, making corn, oats,
wheat, bacon and lard, fruits, vegetables,
milk ,?nd butter, ete. A man who makes
plenty of all these will be Independent?110 1
others will.
Intciifiive Favmin^,
Mr. J. T5. IEunnicut, in the Newnan, Ga., Advcrliser,
says:
Having receivod many letters ot inquiry,
how to raise corn 011 I he intensive system, i
IIHVP cnnmiucu IO illlMVIT' lllluhkii ?wui uir
limns, if you think the matter t?J" sufficient interest
to jjivo it space. I know you are ready
to publish any plan which you think will
help the farmers.
1 plant double rows because I cannot eret.
sinius enousjn on an acre by any other plan
and still have ventilation.
1. l~iy oil rows six feet apart, subsoilini; 11
each.row, and put, in compost pretty heavy,
?iy 500 pounds per acre.
'1 lied on this subsoijing each furrow. I
3. Lay oil'rows IS inches apart on either
side of the composted furrow and put J'iO
pounds per acre ot goou ?mmr.uu gu<uj<> <>i
phosphate, just as lor cotton, and drop corn is
10 ill inches apart in cacii row and cover lightly.
!
4. When the corn is well tip run nne furrow, .
wilh a very long narrow plow between the .
narrow rows and follow with hoes. This
completes lirst working.
5* Ten days later run the same plow in the <
same furrow again, and run a common ,
inch scooter around on (lie other side of tile ]
corn and follow with hoes. This completes second
working. I
(?. Ten days later run around the Inside rows
with a laiger plow, throwing fresh earth to ;
the corn, and in this furrow put "?00 pounds i
per acre of compost and plow out middle <
with scrape or sweep, and follow with hoes, j
I'liiscompletes third working.
7. Ton clays later take a large shovel plow i
mul run a good furrow in the middle of the ,
wide rows and put. 150 pounds per acre of |
iruano in this furrow and run around that i
I'urrcw with broad scrapes (so shallow as not j
so cut many roots) until you get as near the
corn as you wish. This completes the fourth .
plowing, and lays the crop l>y with a slight |
raise in tlie middle of the wide row, and. a i
slight depression toward each corn row.
Now let us see wh it we have done. The |
corn has been cultivated with 11 furrows 'to (
six fi-ut rows, and three or four hocings, each j
very light, but very essential. And, as to |
[ ost, we havo cultivated much cheaper than i
the UMial plan requires. We have invested |
About S10pcraerc in lertilizingand in work, i
thus: i
Fiist manuring, ">00 pounds compost S 2.50 |
Second manuring, l.)D pounds uuanc '.'."ii) s
I'liinl niamirintr. ;it)0 nouuds compost L'.'ii) ;
Fourth manuring, 150 pounds guano
Total manuring ? IO.id |
Labor distributing manure 1.0" i
Labor in hoeing 7."> i
Labor in plowing 2..VJ
Total cost of labor per acre 5-1.00 <
Total cost per acre ?1-J.k0 (
What return do we yet lor this heavy in- t
vestment of $14.00 per acre?more perhaps, ,
than, l!iu land was worth? With three dryji
summers seven, nine and eleven weeks .
drought respectively, (lie writer gathered be- ?
l ween forty ami fifty bushels of good heavy ,
corn per acre. Take the lowest figure, forty
bushels per acre, and (he cost will be .V> cents j
per bushels. It' you niaKu nusneis 1110 | i
cost will be only cents, it* the season ji
should bo favorable and you make (IK bus- |
L-ls p?r acre, then the cost is reduced !<
to only cents, lint this is not all. Youji
have u vei'5' heavy crop of fodder and your >
land is doubled in value; every acre thus <
I rented is worth S- to i'l before and will cot-!*
Lin lie so for years. j
.My experience is that this is the cheapest j
plan for raisins corn oil upland, the best plan I
lor in.muring poor land, less liable to sutler! l
from drought and the only way to competed
with western corn. We must net out ofthelj
iild ruts or we can't keep up with the western I i
Wiltfoll. j(
A II I HMv UI }ll!tV Illtlll in iv/^nw iu?.i t>iu.? .* | |
fair trial tiefore coiKloinninK.it. 1 <<> not lot j
your prejudice against double rowed corn pic- j i
vent you from filling your crib with the t
cheapest corn you ever raised. I>o not l>tf j
nfraid of every new idea, but "prove all [
tilings, and hold Inst to thai which is hest."
"Cheap 11 read" must lie I he foundation of nil
real substantial prosperity in any and every
ngricultural community.
I'Ih> ltlair ISi 11. j j
[ (iiiinjclnivit, r'.nr[Hi.'cr.] :i
II IS !(> Hi* t.'JUIIl'.N i\ Iiujiru t!i?u (Mil nr|iu*.
<CMl;itiv?'.s ii iil vulf soiidly iiuiiiiisl llii>bilf i
when it ivjiehes tin- House. .\<> members <>!' }
l 'nii^ri'sy have <lis|.!;i\ i;il a mciilcr ol' 1
ijiuirafli' or a higher de-jive of consi-rvat ive
<tuti'smanship than tho.-e Iroin UwSontli who i
have lims lar hnltlly opposed 111< selienie. "
i'ln'.V tli'Sitvi' llic applause of their con-.UIu-1 '
fills ami lin'.v will I il t..o when tJn evil , '
BonsiMnu'iiccs oi' iln: i<11 ;?snr.- shall havo tit.*-1
Vflopuil thciu.sulvc.s in it.- i'i'acticul upvra-l
lions. 1 j
FROM THE STOCK COUNTRY.
+ ,
RARE CATTLE UPON A THOUSAND HILLS.
Fanners arc Advised J(?l to Itnn ofl
Alter Striiu^e OoilN'Throwiii;; Dirt
on She Narrow V.'aj?Irrovfirant
Faruicra Plowing u?? the Guide
Pins ? The Professor who ''Donates"
? The Mode of Collecting
Accounts Which is Even More Persuasive
than the Meek Shot Gun?
Proline Edsrefilcld Democrats the
Bn<lical Dismay?Honored Guest.11!
?Other Matters.
Ninktv-Six, March 1.5, 18S5.
Mr. Mnrshall It. smith has purchased a nicc
little farm near town from Mr. J. C. Younir
He will move to it at once. But this will not
interfere with bis mercantile arrangements.
Mr. Crawford one of the County Commissioners
of Laurens was in town last week on
business connected with the rebuilding ol the
bride at Watts Ferry.
On the lib of March E. K. Addison bad four
cows to drop four half Holstein calves. They
arc all fine milkers and are for sale at reasonable
prices Whatever Mr. Addison tells you
about them, you can rely upon.
An account in the hands of Mr. John C.
Walker is sure to he collected. His energy
and persistance is certain to make them shell
out.
There isaman by the name of Hamilton
living in Kdaetleld county not far from NinetySix
who was married in 1S79 and has ten living
children, and yet the Republican party
can't understand wiiy EJgeflekl casts so many
votes.
Our people are happy, Contractor Sullivan
has broken dirt oir the Narrow Guage, and
e'er long the iron horse will be flying between
here and Cokesbury. "Oh, then it will be joyful,
joyful/' _
3lr. w. S. Kicnaruson nns smu aooui nity
mules and horses in tl?e past four weeks, und
the demand is not yetsupplied.
Prof. Lovejoy will give nn entertainment
soon. It will consist ot recitations dialogues
und such other attractions as can begotien up
in his school. The proceeds will be donated
to repairing the school rooms and such other
thinus as are necessary.
School Commissioner Hodges proposes to
run an excursion train to Columbia soon. He
siiys he will have good police regulations, and
that the most fastidious cannot object to n
cheap ride to the capitol. So save your
change and he ready when the whistle blows.
MaJ. Z. \V. Cajrvvile was In town last week
visiting his sister Mrs. Dr. Blake.
Mr. Welsh of Seneca Oity is in our community
buyingbeef cattle. Headquarters at Ninety-Six.
He pays full prices.
Mr. K. G. Johnson and lady who have been
sojourning in Florida for some time have returned.
Mr. Johnson says the vegetable
crop is a failure but the prospects for an enormous
orange crop good.
Mr. A. VV. Still and wife are boarding with
Mrs. Jones.
Mr. Addison Calhoun drives the fasted horse
iibout town and is evidently disposed to follow
the oxample.of Mr. Still.
Mr. John L5. Uoaznian of Newberry was in
town a few days ago on business.
Some pe?p:e think tlic recent com snap nas
injured the early vegetables.
Mr. Thos. H. Walker who travels for F. W,
Wagenerite in Florida was in town last
week visiting friends.
Some of the farmers have plowed lip the
stakes driven by the engineer of (lie IS arrow
Ullage lload, and it is estimated tiiat it will
cost one hundred and fifty dollars to run the
survey over and replace the stakes. Now thi*
is a piece of wantonness on tr.eir part and il
there is any law for it, they should be made t<;
pay dearly for it. It could not possibly be 01
any profit to them, and only adds trouble and
expense to the company.
Tin*linn. H. Odeil Duncan of Newberry, was
in town for a short while the other day.
Not much stock is taken here in the call for
a tanners convention. For our part we don't
see* what they are driving at. The fa.rutefs
are in a majority in the Legislature and it
does seem that if anybody is responsible for
the shortcomings charged by Mr.Tlilnian and
others it is the farmers themselves, and we
certainly advise t be farincs "to no slow" and
not be led off. There will be a plenty of time
to split the Democratic party, and any movement,
that will array one class of the white
people against the other will eventually effect
a split. W'fc are not "a Moses" but this is
our opinion.
The hard rain on last Friday stopped all
fa ruling operations.
Mr. L. M. Moore lias (he handsomest half
Holstein calf in the county.
Mr. 10. S. Addison sold live cows and calves
to Mr. Welsh for tlie Charleston market. So
much for the notice in the Press and Manner.
Our community is on a stock boom, and if
you want good stock of any kind .Ninety-Six
it tin try can .'urnish you. Fat cattle, cows
with young calves and blooded slock of all
kinds. Direct your letters to James Rogers.
Jr., and lie will gladly give you information
in regard to stock.
Don't forget Prof. Lovejoy'3 school entertainment.
it will be worth attending, and
besides yon will contribute something to a
worthy object.
Cup I. T. Jackson and Mr. F. M. Pope have
zone to Augusta 011 important railroad business.
KA.ST END.
Care of Ilees.
The following system of practical spring
uid summer management of bees lias been
rivi-n bv F. A. Tick nor. of Mower county,
Mirm., to the Form, block find Jlonie, ami is ol
value to our readers because of the fact that
the writer received the llrst premiums upon
tomb and extracted honey, also the medal
i warded l'or the best arrai iged hive, at the
last Minnesota State Fair.
The lir.-t essential in tne ''are of bees is to
?ive all the hives a clean, sweet bottom board,
f hen, as soon as the colony is renewed by
Voting bees, transfer all combs to clean hives,
.luring which all drone combs shouid be cut
int. ot frames and replaced by worker combs,
?t which time a few extra names or combs
will be found to bo quite convenient. Tin
thimbles made of pieces of tin rolled together,
uie-half inch in diameter, should be inserted
through the center of each liamu of combs
making a convenient passageway for the
bees.
As the bees increase in number and the
spring bloom appears, the brood frames may
r?e carefully spread, an empty comb being
placed between tnose already lilled with
brood. Judgment should be u?ed so that the
brood may not become chilled. Jn three days
ur more another empty comb maybe placet'
in t he center spreading towards the outside of
those already filled, and so continue until the
bees have so increased in number as to care
lor the full imines ot brood to the outsldes of
the hive. When all frames are filled with
1 1 11 Iwxrlns! swirl snr
LU'OOU HIIU Ull'tivm i ,
filus arrangement ami keep lrom swarming
is long jus possible l?y uiving empty sections
is lust as liic colony requires room for storage.
A section filled with comb placed in the center
of each section box will induce the bees to
more readily enter anil commence depositing
their stores.
When a swarm appears hive them upon the
rid stand, removing the old hive to a new lo itlion.
IT tiie new eoiony contains a laying
lueen?whieh, of course, is expected c?t" tlrsl
;wari!is, and a cuiub or two are given for the
luvn to begin upon?the surplus arrunjienent,
may be .aided the next day. When a
waiin is led by an unfertilized queen, add
surplus arrangement, alter the queen has
L'ommeneed to lay.
i i...... 11 ... .....unnii llin nlft ulii iwIk. fllld if
I J I > L* ?l II .' "Uiuin li| w?. , w.v. T
ncrea>e is not desired, the old colonies may
iK* unitiMl by lemovin-.; tlie surplus hoxcsand
jot loin boards, ami placing them upon the
op of old colonics already removed until four
>rlivea:eso united, and when a swarm issues
Tom the united colonies, hive upon the same
diind, removing the united ones tua new to;atiou,
until swarms cea:-;e to is.-uc and the
young queen begins to lay, when all eomtis
nay be extracted and bees crowded lnto one
live, again addim: .-urplus arrangement.
This system of bee management i believe to
je the best pmetiee yet known, and one from
A'liieh i have increased my surplus yield to
;n atcrageof not lr>s I Man I to pounds of sceloii
and extracted honey per colony, spring
milit, fur the past three seasons, with the
jure Italian bees,
Mr. Ticknor's views will no doubt prow of
>'aiue to onr bee cullurist. in the South, alhoiigh
written for a colder climate, and u different
system of lai'ming.
SiO 11.
Hill Nye says: "I>ou'( attempt to cheat an
'(iilur d| a year's subscription to liis paper, or
my other sum. Client the minister. cheat llic
odor, cheat anybody, everyl><idy, lint, i;' yoa
lave ivuard for future cnn>ei|uuutvs don't
dot with an editor. You will up tor otlice
rime time, or want some public lavor for
. oiirscll or soiiie of your triend% ami when
our luck isa thing ut hi-auty and a joy tor ver,
the editor wiJi open upoii you and 1; nod:
,'our aii'-castlo into a cocked hat thetirst tire.
Ic'd subdue >011 and then you'd cuss yotir:ed"
lor a <tri voling idiot, go hi ru some one 10
vtioek you down, and then kick you tor ruling."
('all at. IHUs photograph gallery and get
our picture taken, " " o IV
THE MASONIC ORDER DENOUNCED. ' ' Sii
?^? im
As A ('onwqnence May We Expect . . ;j
the Early Downfall of all the Masonic
Temples Within Reach of
, the Bugle Blast?
Troy, S. C., March 15,1886. ' ,
Editor Press and Banner:
Upon the re-occupation of their commodious
and really Ueauiilul church hy the Asko- '
' ciate Ueforiucd Presbyterians yesterday we
, were lavored with a most excellent sermon
by their worthy pastor Rev. Foster Bradley.
lie, however, in that sermon took occasion to
, denounce the Masonic Order, advising those
who were out to stay out, and those who were
' In to yet out at once.
While many of us do not heliove that the
walls around the citadel of Moaonfy tfilf 't~< -:?
1 crumble and (all because of the blowing til ;j3
the pastor's horn, ! lot' one think it Is right . :>*
that Iniitmuch as many tff the best citizens of
our county have been members of the order
since the Father of his Country presided over .
. i his lodge to the present time; that he should
- tell us upon m hat his denunciation is foundeil.
Ho many members ot every denomlna- rr..
tion, except the Roman CathoflcSj are members
of the order that he cannot suppose thati " .'-vS
it in any way interferes with the spread ot v.5
the Gospel. True masonry la only bettevolent;
la.\s no claim to be a religious, order.'
but, without presumption, she might claim to
be an humble hand-maiden to religion, fp'r
outside of the Church of our holy Redeemer'
no higher principles of morality afe incul- .
i-ated any where than In the body of a mason- !
ic lodae. "V.'V'.-.rSRra
Does our friend know, or did he ever hearol; *
a member of the order soliciting an outsider, >
to become a member? Does be know of a
sfnele peison of bad or doubtful character being
permitted to Join the order? Dws ho
lie know of a single Instance where a man of V
dishonest chara?ter Is permitted to remain? ' '
Masonry is not a reformatory institution.
The applicant must bring a good character
with him. It Is a,.fine qui non of admittance.
Honesty, truth, fairdcaling to our fellowmen >3
are taught at every meeting, while it has been
truthfully ami beautifully said that ''Masonic
charity like the dew from heaven falls uOseen
everywhere." .
flis high christian character as Wei? as
many qu?ilUies of head and heart hjw'
: endeared Mr. Bradley to our entire com- c
munity, and-gives great weight to his opln- Ion.
Will be please let us know what Is in
the wrong In Hits benevolent brotherhood $
that has existed, as I believe, without a spot
or blemish, all the time true to its principles
of friendship, morality and brotherly love, '
since Doaz and Jachin stood the one on the -v
right and! the other on the left haud of king ?
Solomon's temple. ....
ABOU BEN ADHEM.
THE JERSEY COW. 7.v
Her Good Points?How they may be *'?>
Known The 3Iaxlmnm kepreNcnts
the Standard of Excellence; .' '/*
1. Hend small, loan,- rathor long -2
'1. Face dished, broad between eyea and
narrow between hofns 1 '.m
3. Muzzle dark and encircled by a dark
color - 1
1. Eyes dull and placid X .fc?3
5. Horns small. crumpled and amber colored
.. 3
C. Ears small and thin - 1 v"JI
7. Neck straight, thin, rather long with Jj,
clean throat, and not heavy nUKhouldeni 4
8. Shoulders sloping, lean withers, thin
breast neither deficient nor beefy $ * '
9. Hark level to setting on of tail and lbtfg
across loin 4
; 10. Barrel hooped, broad and deep at flank..- ? ' k
I 11. Hips wide apart and fine In bone, ruinp ,
, broad and long 4
[ 12. Thighs long and thin mid wide npari,
I with less standing square and not loo ,
much cross in walking 4
i 13. Legs short below knee,small hoof....: 3
11. Tail line, reaching the locks and with*
tmod switch 3
i lo. Hide thin and mellow with tine soft h?lr 410.
Color of lilde where hair is white ou ud- .
di*r and insideot' cat's, yellow '5
17. Fore udder lull in lorin ifttd running
well forward 8 ft)
IS. Hind udder full in form and well up behind
8
10. Udder free from long hairs and not fleshy 5
20. Tears rather large, wideaparland square
placed .... 6'
21. Milk veins prominent 5"
22. Escutcheon high and broad and full on
thighs 8 :b,?*
23. Disposition quiet and good matured 3
21. (ieneral appearance rather bony than
iieshy .. 6
Tola! value 100
For lieifers omit Nos. 17, IS and 21.
Numbers 10,10,17,18, ID, 21 aud 22 are very
important.
L0 , m ,<*
Killsirtc J)itclics?Tcrracing.
\ Southern Cultivator.J
Will you please say in your nest Cultivator .'jr
whether it is best in making hillside ditches
to 111 row l lie uu'i oil uie upper siue or lue iu?er,
or would yi>u do away with all hillside'
ditches, and instead make terraces? Please
give me your advice on this saving land subject,
lor I believe it is the vital one of the day.
-J. H. S.
Answer.?Ditches are indispensible whera
water accumulates above a Held and naturally
llows down through it. One or more ditches
at the upper edge of a Held are very necessary
in such case. Where the slopes are steep . ^
or very long, and washes have already started.
we lind it easier to control the water by a
combination of ditches and tcrraces. After
the terraces have become well established and
tlrmly held by grass and weeds, and after the
incipient washes bavo been stopped and ob
I II <*]";i It'll, i iR'ii uiu uut:ne> limy uc IIIICU uf.
Where land is fresh and has no washes started
in it. terraces alone will answer, but as a. ^
general rule itis well lobcgin with diteheeund
end with terraces. If ditches are made. let.
them he wide and deep enough to carry off Vj
the water of the heaviest rains, one that cannot
do this will cause more harm than good.Dig
the ditcii deep enough for the lower edge.
to Hold the water; when the dirt taken out of
the ditch is not thrown up into a dam,but Is
scattered broadcast on the land below, a llttlo
narrow dam 011 the lower side of a ditch is a
very poor dependence; let the ditoh be deep
enough and wide enough to hold the water
I without a darn. Give it good fall, not less than
j one toot in slxtj ; a ditch Is more apt to fill
; up. than wash out too deep. If it tends to
j wash tail too much, a few obstructions placed
here and there along its course will correct
that.
It a ditch is cut. throujrh turfy soil, the dirt
may be thrown on the upper side to advantage;
but if the dirt is loose, the first big rafi*
is apt to wash it back into the ditch atcertaifi
points, and lllling it up cause it to break over.
We prefer to throw the dirt broadcast betow
the diti-h. and leave an unplowed strip three?
or four led wide along the upper margin 6*
! the ditch to keep its upper edge front beir\g
[cut down by the water as it runs irtfto tfio
ditch. This strip is suon set in grass arid
a uwds. which check the force of the water and
I tiller the <11 rL out It. The lands between ditch'
es arc terraced just like any other, the lines of
terrace running across the ditches, so that
when the ditches, are finally obliterated, the
terraces will he continuous ucross the fle.d.
You arc entirely corftctin holding that the
i,,.r ,,f ? li.> W<ill fwilll u'fisllitlif is lllH vltnl
i point in the liill country. Hold the soil, liol l
! tin? manure put in it, and deepen It from year
to year, until a soil proper, eight or ten Indie*
deep, is secured, and it will truly be a hank of
I deposit from which the largest dividends may
be drawn.
Ablievillo Circuit.
Southern Christian Advocate.
I I write a short lei terconcerning tills charge/
, havinu wailed so long purposely. Yesterday
: was dark and rainy, consequently our coyjrre|
gallon at Zoar was .small. We have had but
j lew bright days since Conference, but our pec
pie ai tend In the rain. Saturday and .Sunday
, of our Quarterly Conference we had suushinc.
! The preacher was at his best, and that means
j something. A local preacher, sin old man,
; said to Ilcv. J. C. Sioll, who succeeded Kev. \V.
I C. Power on the Little Hock circuit: "We will
j besatisiied if you keep the ruts open." Our
! new Presiding Elder will keep ilie ruts open,
iiiidvu will he si tislied. We are trying to
1 pay t lie heht on our parsonage, which fact you
' have noted- We are meeting with somo success.
These are loyal folks, and show their
! love to the Church by their works. And they
are of that class who have not forgotten the
I lailhful services oi their pastors in the pa?t.
I Our ollicials are awake to their duty and resp.msihility.
In every home that I have vis|
it'ed I have met with a warm welcome. Inshort,
everything encourages me to expect itgood
year in the highest sense. May I not bo
wanting in any needed qualification by graco
to do the work assigned me here. Brother
" ? : ^ ..Imle un<< w ftVid' Vno rl w .*
Vt riKT i.* 111 IIIK- ." J'imo, ?*?*M .? wtw # v.?*v*,y C?r
speak words of instruction and encouragemuni-to
inc. He has kindly given me nccvsn
to his library ??f we.l st looted theological
works, which privilege is denied many young
preachers. Hut you know iny course is prescribed
t?>r two years to come. Urother Weber
closed on lasi niurlit a series of sermons on tlw?
Apostolic benediction. ] heard one of them,
I ami .halving from thai. one. his cony relation
| has iiecn listening to no ordinary preaching,
1 speak now lbi* a visit. Will you come?
I cj. J. UEi'llluA..