Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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K3S8C8 ?h?v?-'.hii.iiiim i IJ > Press and Banner. AUUEVILLU, S.C. Wednesday, June 10, 1885. , -- - - i Tito Court# At the present silting or the Court sood progless h is been made it) the woslt, and every tiling seems t>> lie movim: on smoothly, with<?;it delay or loss of time. The presidio;; Jud^e has furnished one more )?roof of the value of young men on the llciicli, nntl MrengtItened theoplnlon that old men are not ?;.? well titled as are younger men for the arduous duties of Circuit Judge. one common eri'or which has obtained In South Carolina, Is tlie belief that no mall in the prime ot life is b.-st suited for the oltice ot Circuit Jodie. The history of Democratic ' inlesince 1S7i? completely and fully dispells j this illusion. Theotlieeof Circuit Judge is a! 1 iborous one, requiring not only Intellectual: attainments of the highest order, hut ro? - i.. .. : <11111 lllS 11 K'"'l 11 11U ... .. .;.t Much physical fatigue is ineidont to tlic discharge of the <lutios ol Circuit | Judge, and i o luiml ? no matter how intellectua 1?should be put on tlie Circuit; ]:<-ufh, unless it Is In a *tnmi( body. Ttic history of the B'meh in this state since lVm-! oeratic reconstruct ion will bearout this assertion. Judge Cothran is, we believe, the' youngest Judge on tlie Circuit Itcnch, and be* j lag of an active mind, and possessed of ex-' cellent physical finalities, he lias, as far as we , know, never failed to meet an appointment,! mkI lias ahvays left his dockets in a satisfac- i . lory condition. His Judgments have been! based upon tlic law and his sentences have I tieen merciful to the convict and Just lo the] pubic service. If every Jiidxc on the I'eueh J had been physicsdly ids ci|Uai, none of I itis cry for extra circuits would have been heard, j Mid there would have been no threat of bur- j dining the people with the enormous ex-1 pense incident to the increase of tlic number j or Circuit Judges. The proper remedy for the evils which now ! M.rround us lies in the duty of our I.egisla-! tors lo elect young men to (ill the office olj Circuit Judge. There is no rhyme or reason j )n keeping young men out of responsible positions for which they may be eminently ijual- j ilied, both in mind and b >dy. Owing to the fact that we have been taught j to look ni>ou the office of Judge with such reverence, it ni ght be well t;> give retired Judges a salary for the remainder of their lives, while giving notice to the younger men M ho may succeed to their offices, that after I the superanuated Judges shall have passed j away, that no further pay will be given to re- j tired Judges. The public interest demands the prompt and efficient discharge of thedu-j ties devolving upon the Circuit Judges, and I those of lliem who are unab'e to discharge these duties because of physical infirmities, or other reason, should give place to younger men who are physically able to do thowork, mid mentally qualified to administer justice lo the people, and sufficiently endowed to I look to the interests of the Commonwealth. to . f ? What I?oe?t this Mean? Our contemporary, the.'fenrcfi J-Wc Press or lust week contains tlic following mysterious paragraph: "The uugentleman'y mil outrageous conduct of funnci/Hung bloods on the recent, excursion from Abbeville to (Jrecnvilie. uotten lip by the seho -1 commissioner of Abbeville County, for the benefit of the schools, shottU! be condemned by all poo l citizens. 1 )ruliken ncss, prof.mlty and pistol shooting was the order of the day. Tlie laws of the State have given the rHIroads lull power to arrest all Mieh characters. While the lav gtvesn man i the right to drink whiskey and get drunk, if lie likes, to ride on the railioads and keep a pistol, ii says he shall lie amenable to the law for such violations anil prescribes heavy penalties. Tlie law gives 110 man the right to nnnoy and disturb tlie peace of a community. The conductors should allow no such conduct and tne people and law will sustain them in their eflorls to preserve peace and order 011 their train. Let us have a few examples of the enforcement of this law and \ve will have fewer of such characters. Y/eknow that our friend won 1.1 not do Abbeville an injustice, but we surely think that lie Is mistaken !n using the above language Jnreierence to any of our young men. It may be that some of our young men take a drink of whiskey occasionally, but we hope that jioncof them have ever cctcd in tlie man licr described by the Ssncca Free J'rcs*. Dc.Hs?rve?I IlekiiUe. The Greenville Xctes, we think, administers n deserved rebuke lo Congressman Dibble for the unbecoming manner in which lie recently treated Mayor CotirSeney. The notion of Mr. Dibble does not sound to us like the manners of a diti.ifled and honored Congressman. AVo leave it for others to say If it does not Found more like the manners of a certain ?*lass of newspaper scribblers who, in theabfence of the neecs.iury ability to meet an adversary in a manly and honorable discussion, may be compelled to resort to cowardly insin* nations or to the utterance of baseless assertions in a shameless attempt to substitute J>rii;:giidooia for argument, and who may perforccact naturally the role of tlie bully, rather than to make the eilort lo assume the character and manners of the dlgnitled and courtcons gentleman. Judge t'othrnn's Charge. The charge of Judge Cothran to tho grand Jury last Monday was a ? ubjcct of remark jind approval. His sentimcntsas to the poor house are notable and worthy of the ofiiccr. W'c l:avc long thought tliHt seme better plan Kitould be adopted than tlint or tanning out the paupers to tJic lowest bidder. We think paupers should at least be furnished with tlio comforts which arc vouchsafed to the ciimijial class, who by their voluntary misdeeds become a charge upon us without our consent. An unfortunate pauper must first got our conpent to take care cf him, but the criminal billets himself upon us at his own good pleasure, and wo have no alternative. We are obliged to feed him. "When editor Reynolds of Iho IVinnsboro JVews and Herald goes to the Press Association, he might make it interesting to the members If lie would uive his experience in publishing n til-weekly paper?the advantages or disadvantages of n tri-wcekly over a weekly. The iVwj and IhruUl has been published three times a week for many years, and lifter so long an experience, he is no doubt prepared to tell us all about it. Think of it, Brother Keynolds. _ Tito Snvaiitmli Villiey IInil road. "We presume the work of laying down the track of this road from McCormick will be commenced to-day. The dispute as to the locution of the Augusta and Knoxvilie depot was to be settled last Monday, and when that is settled the work will begin. Iron, cross ties,and hands to do the work are already on the ground to commence truck-laying on the Savannah Valley Railroad. Tho "Prosperity Reporter." Tlio big X on our copy of last week's Prosperity ItcprMrr called our attention to the fact that we liad omitted to put the name of Hint pnper on oar mulling list. We welcomed the new pnper on its arrival,anil have since made liberal use of it in making up our paper. It is brim full of local news and deserves to succeed. Mr. K. II. Anil, the editor, is well known to our people, who will be glad to hear of his prosperity. m , _ S Tbp School Month. School Commissioner Hodges asks us to inlorm our correspondent who asked as to the' length of the school month, that Section 101.*, j of tho Revised Statutes provides that "the; Fchool month shall consist of twenty school j days, and this number shall be taken us the | unit or compensation in estimating tlie ?v.? erage attendance of each pupil In the free I piibiic schools of tills State." For Collector. A correspondent lias a good word to say of (ien. J. 1). Kennedy in connection with the of-1 lice of collector of the port of Charleston, j Ocncral Kennedy, is too well known to oar people to need anything additional from us. i He has always bceu an active worker in the ' Democratic party, and has always held a high j position. Editorial Visit. We were pleased to welcome in our office1 last Monday evening, Mr. T. M. Scott, of the , McOormick Advancc. Ho publishes a live! newspaper, and is an active business manager, who will do a good work for the new and , growing town for whom bo prints'his excellent paper. A few days ago the e?litor of the 1sturcn&viUc Herald went to Wood rut!', a station on | the Spartanburg and Laurens Railroad. "When he came back he wrote a long and in- i tercsting article saying something about' nearly everybody and everything in that; town, but never once did ho give a hint as to' which county the town was located in or the distance it is from either Spartanburg or Lau reiin. Tjik Prosperity liiporlcr is still talking it bout tho feasibility of building th? "Mid-i hind'* ro:?J from Charleston to Greenville. | That paper does not seem to understand that j the chief object of tho Midland project nmy have been bimply to prevent the Georgia Central from getting control of the Green- > vilie and Laurens railroad. ^ The lliebmond jury did only their sworn' duty in flndiDs T. J. Cluvciins",guilty of the nainlcrof his cousin Fannie Lillian Madbon. Pkusonai..?The Uev. John Gass, with Mrs t Oa*s,arrived here on Wednesday afternoon-; Mr. Cuss will have charge of tho Episcopal; churches at UJdscway. and "Wiuiisboro.?; WinmUiro Scmaiid llcruliL If you need a nice eashniero dress you pan k:ivo money by buying it irom l.ell & Gn<j'hiu. They have the trimmings and everything lo u.atcU. 4 ! ' ! ?v-/* ' < . . " aatesC v. - , , I I^ni [ir*nm*mwrCOURT OF SESSIONS. JUDGE, SOLICITOR, COURT OFFICERS, AND LAWYERS AT THEIR PLACES. ( cntlemen of Hip .ft?r.v nrr Chosen, ami l!u\v lo Dischiiri;!' Their Diillrs?WilnoMscN Testify to the Whole Truth :m<l Nothing hut tilt* Truth?Some ol' the Prisoners sit the llnr are Sent Ahiij Kcjolcliur. While Others arc Doomed to Ycnrs of Confinement and Servitude?The Cnsc of Chief Interest Is Discussed nf l.t'iifi'lli.iiiiil llio I'liiii1 for its Trill! is Set for tills .tlorilllUC. Promptly at ton o'clock lilx Honor Judge J. s. Cothran tlrovclti his open bu^gy to the l'ourl House and occupied the Hencli. when tlie wotk ol tlie* Session was immediately commenced. Solicitor J. I,. Orr, Sheriff J. K. C. Piil're. Deputy Slierlll .1. M. White, Clerk >!. f?. Zeigter, Assistant t'lerk I.. 1>. Conner, and a full corps of lawyers, being in their respective places. The grand jurors were called and a nifTicie:it number answered to their names, as follows : John !!.oidham, Jas. W. Fotishe, Foreman. John T. tiray, II. C. Cillam, J. A. Kllis, S. It. Cade. M. T. Hutchison, J \V. Mattison, W. T. Milford, John A. iH'vlin, (I. W. Collins, W. T. I!railley. 1{. C. Urownlee, .lotni \V. J.esiic, .1. II. Wiilson. When the grand Jury had been organized, and a number of witnesses had been sworn, his Honor proceeded to deliver his cbarge, which was somewhat after this fashion: .V/\ /'irtmi'iH, imrl (iriiHruicn nf t!f! Cfrand .Turn: Ties 1> ins y?ur second term I ini^iit assume Ill.lt you had ln'i'il chained as loihe duties devolving up >n yon. l?ut :is tin* duties of irrnt:?I Jurors are so varied it would In- difficult for at Judge to l\Ter to ever) tiling which yen are required to do, and I may sali-lv .vUl a few remark*. Voii can hardly overestimate Th-- importance of a faithful performance < [ yunr i.(lie al work. KverylhiK that pertains tSic welfare ami prosperity of the ('ouii-v depends upon a la lliful d-schaiueor your duties. Tlio notion of nil pulilie ni'-er?. li-o|ii the IliaheM oiiiC-T to the bumbVst constable. is subject to your t vamir.allon. The law. a* Villi know. has been changid. Formerly, the duties ?l the srand juror were limited to a single term of the Court, hut now the term of jour service ha* been extended to oi.o year. Yon are a grand jury until .1 succeeding jury is drawn. This is a wise ch-mgc in the l.iw. and its wisd 'in is vindicated on the principle that skilled lahor is more Yalnahlc than unskilled lahor. Meeting here from time to time, and attending the sitting of the Court, it is reasonable to suppose that you will become more elticii.nt in the discharge of your dntiis. Another a-lv ntace to be derived Irom the extension of your term of gcrvice for one year lie* in the fact that you ?o back to your resneetive callings siill grand Jurors. Yon are twt then an organiz <1 liody, but grand jurors still, and it is the duty of each to bring to the notice of lhe Court violations of the law that ?ome under his notice. The office of iiformer is always odious to their fellow citiact lis. Not so with grand Jurors. A l uge cla<s of crimes ore almost surely reported. In cases of arson, trespass or injury to property and injury to the person, you m iv lely upon the person aggrieved to prosecute the offender. There is atiothei c'ass of crimes where offenders against the welfare, peace ami prosperity of society escape punishment for the simple reason that no one Is injtirtd more than another. Vagrancy, carrying eoneoilcd weapons, cambliiu*. adultery, are c-imos against the law which often go unpunished for the reason that no one likes to assume the o'liee ol informer. Vagrancv is a crime not only against the law of the land. Lilt agiinst the ordinances of (rod. The decree that man sholi'd earn bis bread is a blessing in illsruise. Is there any doubt that Vagrants are fed? They are cloilird. In the sw-nt of whose faco do they live? You mavsay that it docs not affect any one" in particular, lie certainly is a charge upon some one. li is your duty to present them to the Court Let tiie Soli ;it >r make out a bill against them, when ' %vheM? tliev lonv lio fed from tin" result of their own labor. (Jatnfilers arc iruiitv of a double crime. vasvancy and a violation of t!ie l.t\v. It is jour duty to report all gruss violations i>l the law. 1 believe most firmly in the efficiency of the law in suppress crime, 'i'he millennium wilt dawn before moral suasion alone will suppress crime. 1 never expect that the moral reform of the pulpit otid the Icelntv will be suflieielit to enforce the observance of the laws. The olllcc of Cjunty Commissioner Is most important, ami the compensation which is paid to these oilieere is very small. It is Inadequate for the flerv ce demanded. Hut it may be due to patriotism or sunethins else, tliit every two jvars there are plenty of candidates to fill the ollice. This is not to be regretted. It is lortunate that so many are willing to take it. We may be contra! nlaU-d on the fact, When a tu.'in I'fTt rs for County Coiiimi-ioner he comes (Jut tbrotiL'h the newspapers. Twopromi.-es are implied. One, that he Is willing?the other, that he is aide. If he fails to pciform the I i^h and responsible duties from an iiirtlieieiit desire, or a want of fidelity, he should he required to elvu place to another. You know the condition of the roads and bridces. II tliey are us trood a? clrcumsutices will al ow, that should be satisfactory to yuu, even though they should not be us good ns it may be desired Unit they should be. It would lie unreasonable to require more than tin- means at the cum.and of the County Commts-sioners would accomplish. They can't make bricks without straw. One thins I would Call pnrticu'ar attention to is the poor h.itise. It seems tome that some s and jury niitfut make itself immortal by looking into the condlitoa oi its Ouuty poor house. ) i is no disgrace to be poor. Poverty may overtake those of us who are now most favotably situated, tmd the poor houseis net a penal e d?ny. While the inmates of that In dilution should be tnndc coiufoitable, it should not be m de so attractive ns to induce the citizen to cease i.. ?ii jwii fi..ii? Alf.?i*t in Kimimrt Ilium,-ir. lint (or the disgrace which attaches to crime I nm sure tli:U man) persons would prefer to to t<? the penitentiary th in to the poor hous?. I)o \ on knoiv the condition of the poor lionsej 1 am tol<l licit the ir.nm'es are f.-o, clothed, theltered, anil hurried when they die, f,<r $7.00 ?immtii. 1 aiu told that they are Canned out to the lowest bidder. Do men take the oflice of keeper of tile poor bi cause it is di-lightlul to be associated with those unfortunates who arc the inmates of that institution ? Do men take the ofllco from motives of humanity ? Or d" tlioy take It from tnc desire of profit? Is that pn ft; made <>U' tlio poor by living thorn scant living or u comfortable shelter"? It so. It calls fur reformation. The prisoners in jail are fed?not clothed?and sheltered by the County. Kor this feed thirty-five cuts a day is paid. I don't say it is too much, but if $ 10.SU a month is not too mil eh to pay for feeding a prisoner, I do say that *7.0) a mouth is too l.tt'e for the support of the poor. The man who is sent to jail is a ciiininnl. What is his condition compared to that of the inmate of the jioor house? '1 be man chained with crime revives ?10.00 n n.onth and the poor $7.00 n month. If one is too little or tlie other is just enough, this needs reformation. If $.>.00 per month per cu/tiln is enough, it is as good as a feast. It is your duty to see to tho unfortunates. They are not cilmiuals, but are in the condition that you may bo s-jme day. See to it. that it is no longer a punishment or a disgrace to bo suit to tlii* pix'i' Imuse. The office of Tiial Justice Is an important one. The jurisdiction of that olticcr ha* bt-en largely incri-tiscd over the jurisdiction tormerly given to magistrates. Owing to this increase t'mt officer has jurisdiction overall matins of contract up to $100, and over all criminal matters where the penalty is not more than thirty days in Jail. You should see to it therefore that we have efficient Trial Justices. As no man can be made to assume tli- duties ol the oilice of Trial Justice, it is your duty to sve that those ? ho voluntarily uudrrtxke them, should discharge them faithfully and i-tlicientlv. Are your Trial Justices tfticient? "it is their duty every lorty days to report the lines which they have e> Heeled, if they have received fines. It they tuake an accooutitig, It is all right, if not, it is nil wronc. They must submit their books to you. No matter how efficient he is, he is no less efficient for your having overlooked his work. Tho affairs of the county should be guarded in every particular. The will tnkf gnat pleasure in lining so. Von are the ri Jit hand ol the Court. Miiko demands of the Solicitor ami the Court without stint. Grand juiies often make mi.-takes In thinUititr It to lie their duty to try ca<e*. You are not to look for guilt. but lor probable iruilt. You need not look for absolute proof of positive tiniIt. In a?sault and battery there is the perm of murder. If death does not ensile, s. ill thero Is murder In the heart. When two men agree to a H|tiareopen fight, the one who gets the woist ol the fight has no right to chain your sympathy or to demand the aid of the maeliine.v of the government t<? punish the man who got the better of him. If lie cot worsted, it is probably what he deserved. lie may henceforth become a better citU. n, ulid may not cover so much ground afterward. (Stand juries nnpht to draw the distinc.ion between a promise mid a represent ition of a fact. If a man vbt uns poods under promise to pay in 'the fall, an.1 be fails to pay, it Is merely a failure to fulfill n promise. If lie obtains goods on the representation that he liar a crop, and be L:.sno-gut It, that is getting goods under falsi- pretcnces or under n mhrepn ?entaiion of a fact, wbieli misrepresentation is punishable by this Court. The Court will sit from nine o'clock until about two o'e'ock. when a recess of an hour ami a half will be taken. Court will then sit until a convenient hour for adjournment in the evening. You can regulate your own hours; Tlie grand Jurors tlien took tho bills of Indictment. and retired from the Court room to their own room. l'etlt Jurors. The petit Jurors were called and the following answered to their names : Nathaniel Anderson, It. II. IUirdett, It S.Cuile, 11. f. Calhoun, \V\ K. Cotliran, \V. T. Fleming, J. (?. Harden, W. A. Hiirrelson, K. D. Kay, J. T. Lotnax, Sinn. 1!. Marshall, Jones K. Miller, James Magill. 1:. I\ Nei l. \V. A. Niekles, Samuel I', Pressiy, 1?. M. Kanipey, W. It. Kichey, H. J!. liiley, I.ewis p. Hichey, o., \V. (5. It ice, Jr., (ieorge M. Siherf, P. L. Sturkey, J. K. Sweailngeu, A. A. Tray lor, \V. N. Hull. The following petit jurors were absent or excused: M. L. Ashley, Samuel Bulnli, T. A. Cater, 15. M. Campbell, John A. Patterson, A. C. Collins, 5?. A. Miller, J. T. Puekett, 1J. O. Vert 11. There being a deficiency of Jurors, the Judge passed order for drawing fifteen extra jurors who were drawn as follows: John 'NY. ltykard, John II. Wilson, H. V>\- I.avrson, K. A. Calhoun, K. K. Parker, \V. T. McDonald, J. A. Held, J. I/. Pei rin, J. II. Simmons, J. K.Cunningham, II P. MoIUvalne, Itlehard Sonuley, U'ni. Magi II, K. Jieachum, S. F. Cromer. It appearing that there were now moro Jurors drawn than was required by law, some absentees having reported after the first call, It became necessary to reduce the last venire to ten, which was drawn as follows: J. I,. I'errin. J. II. Simmons, J. It. Cunningham, John W. ltykard, Win. Mat{ill, It. A. Calhoun, II. P. Mellwaine, ll.K. I'.eacham, S. F. Cromer, J. A. Held. The first business of the Court was the calling of the Ferguson case. At twenty minutes to twelve o'clock the prisoner, John C. Ferguson, was brought into Court, when lie occupied a seat beside his COUnSt'l, .Ml'fjSTb'. /Jt'Uta cv oiiuui, auu v.oiuijl'1 K.lt.Gary, but lie afterwards occupied Hie prisoner's dock. At that time the Jury Commit sioner was busy filling the panel from the tales box?nine of the drawn jurors being absent and six others being excused from attendance upon the Court. That work being finished the panel was completed. Looking' t<> <?otl and IIIn Country for n Safe Deliverance. His Honor then said: The Clerk will proceed to the arraignment of the prisoner. Mr. I,yon here rose from his seat and asked that Moses I,. Ashley be excused from attending Court as a luror. lie Is over seventy years of ase. and dull of hearing. Excused. The Clerk then arraigned the prisoner In the usual form. Judge?The Clerk will ask the prisoner if he N ready to come to trial. Clerk?John C. Kerjiuson. are you ready to come to trial for the ofl'ence whereof you stand lndictcd7 The prisoner said: I am not Motion for Postponement of Trial. Mr. lietiet?Inasmuch as we were ready and did come to trial within a few weeks after the homicide, we ask a continuance of this case without being chargeable with a desire for delay. Tho prisoner's wife was confined hist night. Wo ask for a continuance on this trouud, and \vc hepe that the tttwto's couuwl ?ao^??? mil* i m will not resist our request. The living hnvejp some rights us well av? the (Ifnil. j ii .Indge?llave you any oilier reasons, Mr.. b lionet.' h Mr. I:cnet?We have, your Honor, but we do Jji not care to state tliein, unless It shall be nco- Ii es<:iry for lis to do so. I: S >l!eitor? I appreciate the situation In tills -| case. The fact is a liiat.ler that does hot appeal to inc. As a rule, the innocent always sull'er on account of the action of the guilty. I I must insist upon the prisoner cohiint; to trial, | however much my sympathy may 60 for his j jHilar?The reason which Mr. I'cnct hns as- ( signed Is iRKiillicichl, inul he must stale other reasons If ho desires a continuance. 'J he mle is imperative. 'J'lils 1* not the lirst term. Hi? ha* lieen trletl before. The counsel lor defence here called the witnesses. Tlie Prisoner is CimvIIIIii;; to Come <o Trial licentisc the Circuit Jiulyc ISellevcs ICt- Committed n Foul r!f ur?!er. Mr. I'.enel?May il please the Court, the prisoner, John I', Kersmson, Is unwilling lo come to trial at llils time because of the expression l?y the presiding Judgetliutthc homicide was a foul murder, and fears that lie | may be unconsciously biased auainst him in ! the trial of the case, and he makes the following allidavlt: Tiii: Ptatb or PotrTii Carolina. Cor sty or Aiiiikvii.lk. Personally cnmc before m>-, Julin C. Ferguson, who Wing iluly sworn. s.ij>: Tli.il lie is mm llliii!; to come to tilid ftt this time oil tin following (.'tonml: That from the expression of ttio preslilins .Imlv'c that the howiri.le was afoul mnrilcr, an expression be Is ilit'ormoi! :i!ul believes the prcsiilliic.liiiltfc (ll?l make use of. lie i.i fearful tluit the presiding Jii'lj;e limy unconsciously lie Masul against liiiu in the trial of the case. " .1. C. FKKOUSON, SsilliKciili.il and sworn to before me this $:h iluy of 1 line, 1-S-). ,1. F. C. Dr.I'Ki:, Notary Public. The fact only appeals to your Honor. The nltUhii it, lliou^li unusual, is iioi uii|0-oceilcntcd. It Is as iniieli to tlie Interest of the Heneli as to the prisoner that wc ask n con I i nuance. Judge?Li t , me sec I ho ntlidavit. What do you say, Mr. Solicitor? [The allidnvit is handed to the Judge.] Solicitor?1 can't see, your Honor, bow It would ailed the ease even If It be true thai you had made tbc expression which It is alleged you had made. 1 cannot fee how the case could he effected. Thero Is a higher Com t, to correct any error which may be made here. A IMen Which Jlijjht have Avnlled. Judge?If the prisonerhad put Ills objection Ion the ground that from lone association and 'friendship for Ills father's family and cx] pressed the desire on that account to re| lleve me from the performance of my duty in E I this matter, tl might hare availed. Such a | plea would certainly have appealed to me I tiinii'li' l??t tliU nltMsivii. rr>11r?vi?s ine from I ! any embarrassment <m Hint score. | Mr. llenet? It was more for your sake limit / Ills, that lie makes the affidavit. Let it not I be misunderstood. He fell I bat It would have ! been better If the Judge hud not expressed an opinion as to guilt or Innocence in tills case, j I am heartily in sympathy with the prisoner j in his application for postponement, and that accounts for the rather unusual, though not ii unprecedented affidavit, The Judge and So- h ileitor may well understand that a Juror who i< ; has expressed an opinion is embarrassed If culled to hearn case upon which he has form- c ed or expressed an opinion. Much greatcr.it t; seems to me, would lie the embarrassment of v a Judge who may sit to try a caseof which ho o had expressed an opinion We could have v put in the affidavit the fact of the prisoner's g association at school with the children of e your Honor, and we could have recited the h fact of your long friendship for your neigh- r bor, the father of tiie prisoner, but we did a | suppose your Honor was enough ol the Ho live. It is agravrr thing for the Judge lo have ji expressed an opinion In u ease wliere a seri- j; oils crime litis been charged, than it Is for a h Juror to have ex preyed an opinion. . J( Judge?Assuming for the sake of argu- i I nient that it Is true?an assumption v ! which is not admitted? I didn't see the li killing, and I have not read Hie tostlmony. ? Kven a Juror may try a ease, after he had a expressed an opinion, if he is not so much n prejudlc d us to bo unable to give the prls- a oner a fair trial. t Mr. Benct?I do not nrguo. I only thought c ti> relieve your Honor more than ourselves, t Your Honor knows that I have seen many n c juror struck off the panel upon slating that r he had formed and expressed an opinion as i to the guilt ol the prisoner. d Judge?Have you not seen innny a juror s sworn on the panel after having made that c statement? q Mr. lienet?I certainly have?too many. F The Defendant In Not Ready to Cosno ? to Trial Jleennse Witnesses are Ab- o sent. 1 Judge?Are you ready to proceed, Mr. So- u llcilor? I Mr. IScnet?We are not ready, your Honor. _ Some of our witnesses who are Important to j us. arc still absent. s Judge?What do you say, Mr. Solicitor? Solicitor?I think tlio case had betler ho t tried, and that sonic day had better be defl- ( nltcly settled upon. r Mr. lionet?I would ask that the case be set t] for Thursday morning ., Solicitor?I am perlectly willing to give nil r the time that I feel authorized to give. s Wednesday morning it sectns tome would be (i the very latest time at which this case could p' be commenced. . Mr. LJcnet?If it Is possible for us to cet our ^ witnesses here, Wednesday would suit us, ri but we fear that we cannot get them by that j l time. a ij./llcltor?If a fight Is to tMkepIr.ee on the f question ot witnesses, let us have It out now. ? I If there nrc r.ny witnesses whom tho Counsel knows will not be here, let us Know It now. ., Mr. lionet?1 do not think Itklnd In State's _ Solicitor to make Insinuations. ' (Solicitor? I did not mean to make any In- { stnuauon, nui 11 me counsel kiiows oi nny j, reason, from sickness or otherwise, winch j would prevent his witnesses from coining, p it would be proper to say so now. , Mr. l.enct?\\ e know of no such reason existing. All we want is to have our witnesses . present?or a postponement. .Judge-If you have used proper effort. Mr. c lionet, to bring your witnesses, it would bo . ti reason for delay?if tlioy are absent. J The Prisoner Hakes Another AON 1 dnvit. ? Mr. Henet?Wo win make affidavit that wo t have used proper effort to bring our witnesses t Into Court, that they are not here, nnd that c they are necessary in this trial. With your 1 Honor's permission I will read the following t affidavit by the prisoner: t The Statc or Sorm Caroi.ina, J County ok amieriu.k. * IVrsnnfi'ly cnine l/tforc me, John O. Ferguson, who 1 boinz duly sworn, says: c That Ui'v. J<i)in Kll.yan.l Burt Ellis,nro material J witnesses fur the defence; iliat they have been proper- * ly bound over nnd tliat although their names have J been called, they hnvo not answered, and he cannot {' safely go to trial without tbent. J. C. FERGUSON. , , Subscribed nnd sworn to before me this 6th Jnne, c 1SS5. " M. O. Zi:iui.kb, C. C. O. 8. ^ Judge?Are thero any other witnesses? <Mr.licnet? None, your Honor. \ Solicitor?I am ready to admit the tcstlmo- v ny of these witnesses, as given at the last t f'nl.t t : J Hike?1The prisoner Is entitled toconfrout f tlio witnesses. <] Mr. lk*net?We ask tliree days grace as a f matter or right. n Solicitor?That was given at the last Court, t The inilIctmeut wits read then, and the days { ol grace were al?> given. s Solicitor?Is this the lirst term ? t Juduo?lie was ready and did proceed to trial at the last term of this Court. c Solicitor?I would like to seo the bond of < these witnesses, if they have been bound over 1 to this Court. J, Judge?You are entitleu to see the bonds of e the wili)cs>es. They have bemi probably r bound over in the regular way. c Sheriil?I have Mr. Hiley's boiul. Thowar- < rant for Hurt Kills has been sent tomydepu- f ty at Lowndcsvillc, and the deputy hasn't re- \ turned. The witness lives in Anderson coun- o ty. lorty miles from licrc. a Judge?The recognizance is that which t binds witnesses to appear?front term to term f until the case is ended. t Solichoi? I woutdask your Honor to let this p matter go over to Wednesday morning. I i think the witnesses may be here by that time. \ Judge?That may bo agreeable to you, Mr. { Renet. t Mr. lleuot?I do not. like to ask favors, but ^ would like to have the caso deferred until c Thursday morning. \ Judge?Tiie earlier It Is brought forward, the c better It is for the prisoner. If he seeks a post- i pottement of his trial on accouutof thoab- r scnce of his witnesses. The witnesses may 'j not l>e here on Wednesday morning, but may c come on Thursday morning. t Mr. Itenet-We do not seek postponement, f your Honor. We are ready to go to trial, If r our witnesses can be had. j I'lxlits the Momentous Day. ( Solicitor?Wednesday is as lato as we could t put it <?ff. It required two days to try the c case before, and my experience has proven t that when a second trial necurs.lt requires c more time than the first. We would haveon- 0 ly three days ir we commenced on Wednes- 1 day. We cannot, hold Court on Saturday, as n we have to open Court In Anderson on M011- \ day morning. t Mr. Honet?Let the state have its way. We ^ are willing to set the trial for Wednesday t morning. I .\uiiiziiiii Jiiurr Mi.\|ii i is i? uc AUhcni s Five Years in C'olnmbin. Amaziah Miller was indicted for burglary and larceny. Tlie following Jury was drawn to lif-nr tho case: \\\ K. C'olliraii. It. P. Calhonn, Foreman. I'. L. Siurkcy, W. A. Nichols, George M. !S!l?ert, J. J. l.omsix, Samuel 1*. l'rcssly, | L. r. Kichey, Nathaniel Anderson, A. A. Tiny lor .lames Muglll, W. It. lticliey. The witnesses wore J. H. Wilson, Mrs. Ella Wilson, (Jeorge S. Wilson, hula Joiinson, i'. A. Chciitlmm, J. H. Thomas. Ycrdict of the Jury?"Cuilly." Recommended to mercy. Sentence of tiie Court is, that Amazlah Miller he imprisoned lu tiie .state Penitentiary for five years. i'rnnk Tencnt I'11 burdens IIis Ciuilty (\niNfiriicc, anil (iocs to Judgment. Frank Tencnt in his own proper person entered a plea of guilty ol burglary and larceny. The.Iud-?eawarded him three years iu the penitentiary. Soim'thing; **<'onceri?lus: of n Hog" mid u ?sro. Iten Wardlaw was tried under charso of something eoneernlUK of a hog. Tilt following jury was sworn to do Justice between the prisoner and the pig in question : It. 1'. Noel, Foreman. J. F. Sweat!neon, (J. It. It Hey, Richard Nondley, s. it. Marshall, it. 1\ Mellwaino, F. 1). Kay, Jones F. Miller, J S. Cade. J. U Harden. \V. A. llurrolson, 1>. M. lUmpey I Verdict?Guilty?Sentence, one your lu the c penltentiui-v, and thus Ilea Ward law will c pay very ilearly for a dollar und a liftlf pig. I JikIsc ami Jury KatiHlicri or lliillcr '?! (iRStOU'M Imtocoiioc. t Rutler Gaston was charged with assault and ; * buttery of a high and aggravated nature, t The following Jury tried the ease: , H. l?.Xeel. Koreiuuu. J. F. Miller, \V. T. Klemniing, 1>. M. Ram pay, t ! I-. 1'. ltichey, AV. A. Nienol?, ' S. 15. Marshall, J. (f. Harden. 1 I Richard Soiully, (?. 15. Riley, c | J. E-JSwearingea, R. C. Calhoun. c | The jury were not convinced of tho gnllt s 'of this prisoner, uud therefore they very , ! properly brought in a verdlet of "not "guilty," ,, which verdict the Judge approved. j Jim Villlard'H Penalty for Fooling- ' witli a PiHtol. n Jim Gllllard was indicted for assault and g battery with Intent to kill, and of intent to g kill. The jury to whom this case was sub- e | milted was as follows: fi ; Sv. K. Cothran, A. A. Traylor, Foreman, James Maglil, i: ; K. r>. Pay, J. J. Iiomax, n s. 1*. l'ressly, Nathaniel Anderson, U ! ]'. L. SSturky, G. S, Cade, fi 11. II. llurdeit, J. It. Wilson. v , \V. A. Harrelson. v I Tho otl'ence lu this case consisted in tho p f' irisonvr'b having transferred the leaden bul- n et from his empty pistol loto his sister's ii . brain, which act furnishes one more proof of c ! tho folly of striking a negro on tho head. Ii j'l'bat woman now goos about our streets c with the lead still ill hor brain,and tho broth- d , cr Is now under senlonce of paying llfty dol- v lars, or In default of payment, that lie go to p the penitentiary for three months. The evl- t< rl<>rim? Tit title pftdo Wnlllil lPflfl to t.llft llPllof fl that Jim Glilkird thought the pistol was not t( loaded. He hud been flourishing it around i e nnd scaring the inonibers of tho tamlly. Fl-|ti nuliy, he tuked kls titter to luck down tlie b i__' i ii 'I'm r 'in I mmi nVn lslol for the ball, ami when she t inned her end the bull went Tor her, and there whs a adly wounded negro and a badly scared lieroln the Oilllurd ltunlly. The (Joint and ury were satisfied Unit .Mm Ollllaril's act was roin carelessness and not from a malicious iitcnt. Pli? (arniul Jury Find "Xo Bill" In Hie Alowlite The grand jury on Tuesday mornlngretnrnit ".No hill" In ilie case of the State against olm 1>. A it'wine, charged will) murder. lie Prisoner Acquitted?A Mistrial ' as to Another. ( The eavc ol tlie Slate ns:ulu?t William j VrlulitnfnlMli7.il Wright, charged wilh nrun, was called and tried before the following , ury: . '. K. Cunnlnisham, It. A. Calhoun, Foreman. .!. K. Swearlngen, . Cathan Anderson, J. J. J,:imax. . O. 1 lai-den, Jones K. Miller, , V. X. Hull, James Maclll, , i. F. Cromer, AVI Ilium Mag 111. , (. C. Calhoun, . The verdict was, "not guilty, as to Klizn . Vright. No verdict-as to William Wrlslit," j n which ense the Judge ordered a mistrial. ( lie Judge expressed a iieMre ami a none mai . iiejury inlght agree npon a verdict of some :iml, as tlio whole day had been spent, at a rent cost, ill tlic trial of (lie case. lie told he Jury to retire to their room again, and iromlsed to wait on them for n reasonable line, lie also said that If they found that here was no possibility of an agreement that t would be useless for them to lie kept in the mini nil night, and that ho would order a nist.rlal if they could not agree. Hut they otild not agree, and the action above stated ras taken by the jury. k. Case In Which (he State Failed to Make out its Case. Whil THincan and Cora Allen were Indicted >r adultery. The following Is the jury: V. K. Cothrnn, U.K. Hcacham, Korcmaii. .T. A. ISohl, V. A. Xhkles, .Tolin W. Itykard, V. A. Harrolson, 15.1'. Neel, \ I,. Sturkey, A. A. Traylor, 5. II. ISurdet t, U. M. Hibert, . II. Simmons. In the trial of tills case a legal question was nised as to whether the wife of the defendnt. Whit Duncan, was a competent witness gainst her husband. There being no other laterial evidence, the case was submitted Ithout argument to the Court. The Court barged the Stale had not made out its ease, nd that the verdict should be "not gullly," hereupon the jury, without leaving their eats, rendered their verdict in accordance i lth the instructions of the Court. iENTAL HYGIENE - - - SOME EXCELLENT RULES PERTAINING THERETO. Lit Address by W. ('. Wardlaw, M. D., Ik. It. S.. llend Before the .Southern Denial Association, at Xcw Or* loans. April, 18S5. So long as "flesh is heir to so many Ills," so >ng will continue the struggle between eHith and disease, and so lonp will be studied tiio laws governing them, respectively. This frailty of humanity will compel uncasing endeavor on the part of man to atiln Hint degree of physical-perfection which . ill besuperlor to tho destructive influence f surroundingcircunistanecs. Of course this fill be an ideal aim. because no perishable oranlsm can l>y any regime be made IndepcniSnt of the opcr.ition of natural laws. It is, lowevcr, tho proud prerogntlvc of human cason. to modify and direct, whore it cannot brogatc and annul, the course of nature. Long study and experience have classified nd arranged into a system, certain general irlnclples which go to make up what is ;no\vn as the "laws of health." Hence has >cen evolved the science ot Hygiene, the ol>3ct of which Is to observe and Investigate all hose circumstances, Influences and causes | I'hlch tend to promote the highest dogren of icalth, and those counter operations which o to destroy it. These laws concern races nd Individuals, but whilst national and nnuicipal regulations pertaining to drainge, sewage, quarantine, Ac., may have! he cllect of decreasing mortality and Inrcasing longevity, they may not, except hrough long periods, have any upprciabie benefit upon the physical developncntof the Individual. IUit tho human body s a complex organism, composed of many liferent organs, more or less intimately asoclated, and mutually dependent, and whatvcr Influence atTects one, aftects In some doreeall the others. Therefore "hygiene" laws lertainlng to the system at large have their orresponding bearing upon tiie dental or -.*-1 ?i.a nnt'faff fhn rl i v*?1 nnin PT\ f. f the general economy acquired through I hem, tlie better organized will be the teeth. 1 IJul In the appointment of a committeo on 1 Dental Ilygleoo." It Is desired, I take It,1] bat tlie.-o general hygienic laws should bej< mssed by, and only those relating to the ? ecth. and associate parts, Immediately andj< peciflciilly, should be considered. Tills'I iraneh of the subject might Itself be made to! I akea wide range. We might go back prior ji o the marrlaye st-Ue, and lay down rules and I egulationsby which men and women should 11 ie guided in the choice of husbands and ' fives, in order that, being fit y niatod, they ' night rear up a vigorous and healthy oft-. 1 pring, possessing pearly Incisors and granite- < Ike molars. Hut, so long as men are go>- ' rned by their natural desires and passions, i hese utilitarian enactments would be hut|l end letters upon the statute book of matri- 1 nony. We might possibly succeed In obtnln- ' nga race of better dental development by J dopting the Spartan mode of destroying the i < ccbleand sickly Infant*, thus securing the,' survival of the fittest-." Until this lsdone, < t is argued by some, the achlovments of the j1 wonderfully advanced science of our day, I?: ' ircservlng the lives of the nuhoalthy, will]' onstnntly rcduce the average development.' f the individual. By studying the nature, < lablts and anatomy of horses, we may cro?s ireed an I rear, until we develop to the hlgh-M st any desirable characteristic or quaUty ofj 1 he breed, but men are not horses, nor asses? 11 .11 -of them?and cannot bo brought subject 1 osuch leglslntlon. Nor can hygienic regu- 1 atlons, admitted by all to be good, be made 1 iperative after tlio mating, In reference to 1 lie neW being Just beginning existence "ill ' itero." It Is well enough to say that the fu- 1 lire OI lll<J l-llliu uqjcmn uiiKvij i iiv miduct of the parent at this time, and tlmt < he should have pure air, proper exercise, nu- 1 ritloUF food, regular habits, cheerful dlsposl- < Ion, and pleastug surroundings generally, In I irderthat her child may develop well and 1 lave good teeth; but.how many mothers, uf- J er acquiescing In your suggestions, are going o follow your Injunctions? Personal com- ' orf, strength of appetite, the requirements of ' hslilon, and the force of situation, will prove ' noro potent than principles of science. All ' if the school-teachers of the land, it given tho neclal duty of so Indoctrinating the girls of tic rising generation, would make 110 visible mprove meat upon the teeth of the children 1 o be borne by thein. How little, then, can be < loped to be accomplished by tho strangling, 11 lesultory teaching, at their chairs, of a few'i roll meaning but over sanguine dentists!i *o, wc must have something more tangible. !< >ur practical results must be had after birth. 11 V? may etlect something for the Individual, . rhen we can do but little for unborn poster- < ty. In the theoretical attempt to breed a fuure race of strong-teeth men, we am con-'t ronted with that practical poser of Mark I 'wain, "Maine posterity: what has It done! or us, anyhow?'' I will thcreloretry to give ' , few general suggestions,?I do not know hatthey can be called "hygienic laws,"?as to low the teeth, once developed, may be pre- i erved in their Integrity, or restored to nor- i nal usefulness. Aud first, I would lay down the groat law i ?f clcanilncss. Cleanliness Is not merely akin to godliness," but is essential to tho reservation of tho teeth. A tooth kept bsolutely clean, will not decay, whethrfroin acids or "bugs." Tell the young mothr tlits. Tell her that the mouth is a kind ofj esspool; that the mucous inembrano of the ;ums. tongue, and mouth Is undergoing exuilation; Is throwing o(T epitliellal scales, |i niiinit fAArlltf /Imximnnuo' thiit. (ho fiiillvit ia r , >ften In 11 vitiated condition; that papillary j ittraction nnd the shape au<l position of the eetli retain these animal mailers, with other , brelgn Kubstnnccs, as particles of food, etc., . iponand about them until they ferment, and ire t.h us made potent to decay these organs, mprcfsher mind fully with these facts, and 1 ou have laid tho foundation of a "hygienic 1 aw" more practical than all your tine-spun 1 heorlesaslo phosphate foods, bolted flour, 1 fcc. She Is now prepared to put her knowl- 1 !dgc to practical usefulness, and let her begin 1 vhen the "first tooth," that pearly little goin, if which the household is so proud, nuts In , ts appearance, with a soft cloth to rub tooth md gums, not once, but several times daily. The habit once formed with her, becomes an >asy practice, and as the mouth 111 Is up with ooth after tooth, they are In their days de- 1 ended from the presence of their great enc- i1 ?yf whilst they arc maturing and asslmllat- 1 ng tlioso hardy phosphates which are to give I a much strength of resistance. The child i bus early learus to know nothing else than J o keen Its teeth cloati, and to feel that the demising Is as. necessary to its comfort as con-11 lucl ve to Its health. As It grows older, and 1 :omcs to appreciate more of its Importance, 1 insisted by Its self-respect and personal pride, ' le will give the matter increased attention, I1 ind thus through this system of prophylaxis, I vill ell'eot more than any regime of mcdlca- ' Ion or dieting. In the meantime, look to the! :oneral system, nnd build up a vigorous con- j Mutton. Recommend oat meal porridge, j row n bread, Graham's Hour, lucto-phosphatcs ' Ime water, juicy meals A-c.These organic stibilances, being nutritious and easily assimlated, go toward Invigorating the entire sys- 1 em, Including, of course, the teeth. The In- 1 irganlc elements given In the popular form ' 0 the mother, to rurtusti uone material lor 1 lie babe "In utero," I do not believe nre ' >1' any moment, They must first bo pre- 1 )artd for assimilation by passing through ; 1 proper vegetable or nnimal laboratory. I'he ordinary food, animal and vegetable, tak- ! ;n by tlie mother, contains a sufficiently 1 arge aggregate supply of these elements to urnlsh all Ihe bone and tooth material need- 1 id by herself and babe If her organs are In he normal condition for approlating them, i The next prophylatic measure I would men- i ion Is "cleaning" the teeth, ' brushing" being I lie usual mode. This should be dono regu- I arly, frequently, carctully, intelligently. A I nodcratcly soft brush should be used, and 1 villi It the etlort should be made to reach ev- 1 sry tooth. A vertical motion, carrying the 1 mirs between the teeth, is better than the : lorlzontal, which only cleanses the promllent points lly partially closing the mouth I tfter inserting the brush, the buccal surfaces ! )f the molars can best be readied. Very few 1 >ersons even attempt to brush within the ] irehes, and totally neglect the lingual sur- 1 aces of the lower Incisors, I lie favorite lo- ' ality of tartar. When asked now often and ' vlien the teeth should be brushed, I reply, 1 'at least, twice daily," but if it is done ' >nt. once, let It be night or morning, 1 is It can be done most conveniently and I horoughly. In conjunction with the brush ' or cleaning, should be used the tooth-pick, 11 md by ladles who object to the jiick, the silk IJ IIIC'IIU. Villi IIUIU 1 niiuiu |iuu 111 it J.H7.1 JUI lietliln, pi initio, delicate quill pick, as 1 lie inly proper one, and raise my voice in utter londeiuuatlonof the national soft-wood-hotel ilclc, as ineffective, destructive and nhninlnible. I believe the wood to bo tbo fruitful ourccof many cases of Klgxs' disease. It is 00 thick and soft to penetrate the narrow paces, butwheu partially inserted, the presure upon the gums is rather grateful, and the cndency is to prolong and increase It, and indue violence is thus used, which breaks up he ligamentous attachments of gum and ooth, leaving a receptacle for food and tartar. My idea of a dentifrice to go with t lie brushng, Is llrst, that it should be decidedly antaid, to neutralizethencldity of the saliva, and orrect the fermentation of lorelgu suhtances, and then, that it should contain lothlng gritty or Insoluble to irriiato the um-festoons. Tooth-pastes nnd tooth-soaps object.to, because they prevent the desired rlction of the brush, by lubricating the eeth, and being but slowly soluble, remain long while in contact with the gum, con esting and softening them,?are delusive enerally, -Mouth-washes are useful or delterlous, according as they arc compounded ;>r speelnl cases. Another Important hvglenic consideration 3 tlie chewing of solid food, such as rare icat and well-cookcd corn bread. This afurds a healthful cxerclsc, bringing into unctlonnl activity mtiseles, glands, blood essels, dc., which promotes growth and deelopnient of the teeth, jaws and associate arts. An excess of solt-boiled food Is in like lanner counter indicated. The use of ehewiiE-gum, becoming recently so popular with hildren, and some crown-up children, too, 1 benetlclal in a similar way, and in addition, leanses the teeth through the friction, nnd ilutes acidity by the Increased flow of salla. Tho habit of tobacco-chewing is not oiv 1 i it B wriL'u iu uciitm uj g ictiv, unm^u m?mj w? a penerai hygiene. The nicotine seeniH to L imlitlsli sensitiveness, to neutralize acidity, j: j harden dentine, and to retard carlec. An t scessof animal food, as salt-pork, having a andency to induce scorbutic affections, la to v e caroMly guarded ugiUust, u ,, &. ___ ' v.*/- '' THE CIVIL SERVICE. + ITS ORIGIN AND MODE OF OPERATION. In Address Delivered by Mr. J. XV. Thomson, Before the Abbeville I-Uemrj Society, Mny 29th, 1NS5. To ill>cuss this subject \vc must first Pennine wlint is generally known as tlie spoil"' ?yscm. IJy the kocoin! clause or Article II of tlie Joust 11 lit Ion of the United States, the Kciict'ii) lower of appointment Is {riven to the Pre-sllent. tonetiier with the riclit to riclccnlc to >tliers tills appoint! ve power. This clause has lever been t|noIIfled uy any amendment or alteration of tin? Constitution, but the power >f tl>e Chief Executive lias been abridged by ,wo measures passed by Congress. The first and more Important of these Is ivhnt Is known as the Tenure of Otlice Act, by iviiich the term of office of most civil officers ,vas fixed nt four years. The second aimed lot so much nt the power of appointment as it the power of removal, by it the President s forbidden to remove any officer to whose :ornplete uppolntmeut the concurrence of the Senate Is necessary, tor causes not deemed sufficient by the Senate. This latter net was the result of the disagreement between President lohii'on and the Senate, llotli acts nro ndnitted l>y nil to bo of doubtful constitutionility. From tills clause of the Constitution uid the acts wo have mentioned the Prcsllentderlvcs Ills authority to appoint all offljersuniK-r tho government, \vlien the Constitution was first adopted the number to be ipp-.>iut?d did not exceed one thousand, now norc than 110,fhK) men, costlng over 8100.(itW.OOO ire necessary to conduct the nation's affairs. I'hls power too was almost totally neglected jy tho enrller Presidents, at least so tar as to use it lor party purposes? the nuiiiberof removals bclnji strangely small. Washington ernoved only 0, John Adams 9, Jefferson 3'J, \T nil i sn it r. Mriltinp 0 mwl lolm 11 A.tn.wnn y 12; each I'rcsUloiit an he made his removals lisclalmlng utiy Intention of instituting n poItical proscription. in every ease the removes were stated to have lieen made lor cause. Mr. JefFerson was the third President and liis predecessors were both his political opponents. He claimed 011 inking his seat, that lot a political friend of his was in office. Still he made tew removals though claiming Jie right (o displace In order l int lie might idmlnisier the government with the aid of iiis friends. P;esldent Jaelcson followed this course of lppointmenUi with an Indiscriminate remov11 of over 'seven hundred officers of vnrlous anks and filled their places with his friends, lie Justified his courso by referring to the precepts .so strongly announced by Jefferson hen, as now regarded as the exponents of Democratic principles. It would be incorrect iiowever, to conclude that the spoils system icgan with the administration of Jackson, it Is true that Mr. Marcy, one of his secretaries, first announced tlio principle "Hint to Jic victors belong the spoils."' lJut the spoils system lias a history?a short portion of which ivc will give, showing how It entered national politics, fiio ''System of I'atronnge," us it. ivas then caltcd, originated In tlie suite of S'ew York nbout 1777, and there was used for [he first time 111 elections. So oppressive was :t, that in 1821 the people dcterniiucd no lung* ;r to submit, and by amendments to the Condilution much of Hie power was taken from ,hc council of appointment which was Instituted by tne State Constitution and composed )f the Governor and four Senators. Rut the . hange did not accomplish the end desired. \ body of I>emocratle politicians, known afterwards as the Albany regency, by shrewd :>ia?ipuliitUui8, contrived to do just what had johji done lorn long time liy the council. The deaof using this appointive power as a poItical weapon whs brought Into natlonnl poltles about ISO! by Aaron linrr.and afterwards jy Martin Van Huron, two very cunning men ind most unscrupulous politicians. Although Inckson was not the originator of the scheme st 111 ho practiced It to such an extcntas Justly ?uLitles him to the name of the "Father of! the Spoils System." It gathered strength rrorn his exercise of it nnd President after president has silently yielded to the pressure jf the unwritten law of appointments. PresldeutOrant was the first to nsk lor anything like a civil service bill, and It was passid. A commission was appointed ana enteral upon the performance of Its duties, only to jo suspended in a few years as worthless. During the administration of Mr. Grant the *vllsof the system first came into notlcc so prominently, and the cfTccts of this system rtcre the same then as now, nor are they of Ittle moment. On investigation wo are astonished to And how far the meLliod of appointment Is from what it ought to be, and kvhata power is given to tho head of tlm'naLion. Mr. Jefferson declared that fidelity, honasty and capacity were the qualities necessary, or as he himself framed tho questions for applicants, "Is he honest. Is he capable, Is lie faithful to the Constitution?" A brief look at the mode of appointment or nt the appointees will show that llieso tests were 2lthcr forgotten or despised. The strength of m applicant was measured by his political jpinlons, his servility to groat oflleers and politicians, and the influence of others behind him. No regard was paid lo his capacity and reputation, and it was forgotten that the duties were non-partisan in character and were to be performed In the same business-like manner, Irrespective of tlie party Ju power.' i'he results of siteli test* tiro perfectly natural i but Rtlll surprising. The sorvioo was Inclusion t, It was extravagant, It was corrupt. ''It welded the whole body of Its employees Into \ ureat political machine, and converted them Into an army of officers and men, veterans In political warfare disciplined and trained, whose exertions, whose time, whoso salaries, it least twice within a short period pf cur sountry's history, have robbed the people of lite fair results of Presidential elections." Its :>xtravft';ancc is exposed by reports of committees fro:u which, wo learn, that In the 3ureau of Engraving and Printing MS) clerks I rawing salaries to tho amount of S&Ki.OOU ivero found to be superfluous and were discharged. Hy an Investigation of the Printing I'urcau. the annual expenses were reduced from ?sfKi,(j(K> to jWUO.OPO. In the Treasury Department ,1,200 clerks wero employed where less than 1,G00 wore authorized bylaw. One tho secretaries stated that he had In his department seventeen clerks for whom he could not lind any employment. He did uectl, he said, one competent clerk of a higher grade, ind ho could leave oft'tho roll those seventeen if an appropriation would be made for i>ne skilled assistant. The Instances arc snougli to show that (lie system of appointment conducted as It was for years was Inefficient, extravagant and corrupt. Hut the people saw a greater evil In the assessments levied and collected from government employees for party purposes. All have doubtless heard that, these clerks were lorced to pay certain sums, but as the meansand manner may uot bo familiar to all we give copies of.some nf tile letters received by most government slcrks. "IlEACqtTAr.TKRS or THE HKPtTnLICAN Co NO It RS& I OK A I* (.'UMMtTTEE. "3'K?TLIs committee, chnrsed with laboring for the success of the liepiihllcan cause In tho coming campaign for the election of members of Congress, Mil with confidence upon you, as a llepubllcan, for such contribution in money as yon may feel wllline to make, hoping that It inuy not he less than I6.1W. The committee deem it proper In thus appealing to l>put>leans generally, to inform those who happen to bo In Federal employ, that there will be no objection In any Dfllclal quarter to such voluntary contribution." After some political Information llio circular concludes: "Please matte prompt ami favorable response to this letter ami remit at once. "Gkokoe C. Gomjam, Secretary." C2rculnr No. 2, to nnd from the same parties simply makes arrangements for the receipt of the money. Circular No. 3 was only sent to delinquents and Is as follows: "Deai Sin?There appears to be duo upon yonr tubseripUon to our cam paten film! the (turn of lollars. Wo bare recanted your subscription as a debt jI honor voluntarily Incurred by you, ami relylnz upsn its payment have taken it Into account lit the con[luct of our work." The circulars In Pennsylvania conclude more significantly than any others. After Asking 2 per cent, of salary as a contribution, 11 says: "At the close of the campaign we shall place a list if those who have not paid in the hands of bead of the department you are in." Of course most lending Republicans denied \11 knowledge of these circulars, but certain private letters became public, equally damAging to party purposes and private reputation. General Garfield was said to be opposed to any such acts, with how much Justice this ihort note will show: "Mr Dkar Ili'muat.?Please say to Urady I hope tie will give ns all iho assistance nofsilde. please toil me bow the departments ponerally are dolns." Signed J. A. Gaufikld. These letters show that even the candidate for the Presidency "sanctioned, authorized iuU encouraged this assessment system so that wo mny safely say the Republican party planted Itself squarely upon the Justice, the right, and the morality of calling upon employees for contribution according to salary." i'lils pnicllcc must iuect universal condcmuaLiou. It is certainly unjust to wring from those men any sum of money. It Is certainly degrading the service to sell ami guarantee to Mic incumbents the ofllces of trust. Hut though these evils were great and manifest, they were notsuflit-lent to brlngnbout reform, f here was trouble In another quarter which was of more weight than all the other evils combined, at least it accomplished more. When the government was first organized it was not an impossible task nor even an exIremely dimcnltone for thcl'rcsldent to know personally all hisappointees; to know their character and tholr qualifications und the qualities- necessary for each position. The office of Chief Magistrate has, however, undergone a great change, in fact, since that time. ' There has grown up a great perversion of the duties of that high olliee, aud a prostitution of It to ends unworthy the great idea of its crea-1 Hon." The first, task of the President on assuming the dnlies of his high olliee now. Is to i reward his friends and punish his foes. Ho is compelled to give audience to a horde of olliee seekers or an army of those who back them. Instead of considering questions of statesmanship and public policy, ills time Is consumed in ministering to a crowd of needy beg?ars whose chief recommendation Is their poverty, or else he is forced Into audiences by representatives whose influence Is only exceeded by their greed. No wonder Gen. Orant called for help, but Insttad of bread Congress save him a stone. The commission authorized took so much patronage from renresen lull vest Hint In a few years It was abolished, notwithstanding tlic protests of the commissioners. Hut it time came when the Chief Executive was not the only sufferer from the rapacity of partisans. Jt became known that a recommendation from one's representative was worth more than ninny names 011 a petition and straightway the Congressmen found their peace was gone. Applicants for position would take no denial, out awoke them, followed them through t he day and reluctantly left them at night. Therowas 110 rest until llie promise of a place wns given. Tho acts passed in 1*53 and 1\>>did no good. In 1870 president Grant declared in Ills message: "That tbero is no duty which bo embarrassed tlio Exocutlve, or the heads of departments, as that of appointment. Nor Is there any such thankless labor iiuio4cd on Senators and Representatives as that of timing places for constituents. The present system does int secure the best men, and often not oven fit tnen or the public places. The elevation and purification jf the civil service of the government will be hulled ivitli approval by tho whole pcoplo of tho Uuiled states." Upon this Congress passed the Act to which ive have before referred, and which now constitutes the 17.>lrd section of the Revised Statues. For two years appropriations were nadeand competitive examinations iield tinier tills act. The effects were declared to be >encflcial by the President and his cabinet, jut In 1*74 In spite of the request for further ild 110 appropriation was made and compcti,lvo examinations were discontinued. Tills ,vas the condition of the service when Jlr. Hayes was elected. Itt his message to Congress of Ueccmber, 18?.?, lie states I hat It was nevilablo that such a system should result In 'confusion, inconsistency and Inadequate csts of capacity highly detrimental to the Jublic interests." Although lilted to do so ."ongress took nonctlotion this matter dtirnc his administration. Tho views of Mr, Jurfiold may bo gathered from an articlo or lis written iu 1S77, In which he says: "One-third of the working hours of Senators and tepresentntlves la hardly snfliclent to meet tlio denands mode upon them in reference to appoinlmcni* o ofliecB * * The present system impiilrit till) etHiency of the legislators * * It degrade* the civil ervlco * * It repells from tho sorvlre those hiph ml manly qualities which arc 60 necessary to a puoe nd efficient administration, and finally it debauches he public mind by holding up public offices as the regard of mere perly zoal." In his inaugural address,hesnj-s: "Thocivil orvico can never be placed on a HUlsIaclory iubIs until it Is regulated by law," and then iromises to ask Congress to take some stops owards improving tho service. The message of President Arthur teems t'lth sentiments of honest adminisliatloii ud rdorm iu tlw civil servico, Ho reiterated v~r ' . -v --v nVt r Vim m'lnn i'\ mri "i Vi 'rV-- 1 n i the principles laid down by Jefferson os lo f ho wl ij iiiii Ulcnt ion h of appointccsaiid then proceed- It I od to do as most of bin predecessors had done, wc It must he borne in mind tlmt whatever cor- tin runllon nnd In fact almost nil the objection- Lc able features of the spoils system that now n?i exist had grown greatly In the few odmiuis- pit tratlons of the Republican parly. Some fee- en ble calls-were made lor change and reform, lie but were unheeded save as to the nets of 18W en and ISV>, nn<l these stiitutts were of no bene- tic lit. Ho lute an Is"I Congressmen refuf-ed to ml make any change though earnestly desired to tri' do so by ihe President. The small approprla- pa I Ion of was refused. Strange to say the of first step toward a change In the system was of made In New York, the .State of lis birth, af- an tor the refusal of Congress to make the neces- ev sary appropriation. on Mr. Hayes made no effort. to carry on the Tli work generally, but encouraged Mr. Schurz clt to continue competitive examinations in the mi Department of the Interior. He also attempt- frr ed to renew the reform policy in the custom St houpe nnd post office In New York city. In po those two oltlces only were all the rules of tho commission tollowed and the results have been most gratifying. This, however, was a private venture. Tho expenses were borne by those conducting tlieexamlnatlou and not by the government. The bill which Is now a law and known as the civil service act was. xi after long discussion prepared by the Civil Service Association of New York and proposed In tho Senate by Senator Pendleton, of Ohio. The bill provided for the nppolntmcni of live commissi oners of whom not more than three may bo of the same political party. The tlnty of said commissioners Is to deviie an.I submit to the President for his approval 0f nnu promulgation certain rules neccssary to af carry Into ct'.'ect. tlic provisions of tlic net. ?i; The rules arc Rubstantlally : li, 1st. That open competitive examinations must be held for testing the Illness of uppli- m cams. tl, 2nd. All offices arc lobe fl'. led by selection Sl) from those graded highest at such exaiulna- S|, tlons. n, 3rd. Entrance to the civil service must be at ju the lowest grade. Ui 4th. That there must l>ea period of probn- Sf1 tlon before absolute appointment. j> 5th. That promotion must be 011 the basis of Ui merit and competition. j1( Also that nil clerks aro to be Independent of t|, Iho beads of departments,and subject to no er political assessment or duty. The rest of the j jt. act prescribes the methods of examination I and the powers of commissioners. The objt'c- u, tioiiR to this bill are no numerous that we t|, sea reel y know which to name first. Uy it no d, one Is compelled to do anything or prevented nf from doing anything. The President is au- m thorized to appoint tiie commissioners, but rc in case lie docs noi, there is no power to com- c, pel liitn. If lie refuses to approve ntid promulgate the rules submitted to him the com- n mlssloners aro powerless. The bill seems to su have been composed under the Idea that the |tl evil consisted in the appoint! vo power being cc vested In the man?thu President?and that u, tills bill would take the power from him. No (u enactment of Congress can do this, the power ti, Is conferred by tho Constitution, furthermore ,, the power thus given Is not the direct cause of the evil results we see, but the efleets, the out- w growth of the abuse of this power. With a ,n conscientious President and cabinet no com- w mission Is needed. They arc responsible for s; the conduct of the government and ills both unwise and liniust to balmier tiieni with a. ... commission unless wc presuppose tlieintolM Q, cither Incapable of making the appointments NV or loo dishonest to make ihem properly, anil fn In either ease the commission provided l>y |,| t his bill cou:d give no relief. Theevlls for do- 0I liverance from which so many cry arc not the .j. legitimate fruits of this power, nor the results nt least the proper result,of that fcnllmcnt n, that gives to the victorious party all the bon- sj ors and rewards. Tills inherent weakness ol U, the bill of Itself ought to condemn It. Jv The next provision of the bill relates to the examinations. There are tlirce distinct ex- al amlnatlons: a limited, a general and a spe- ?j cial. The general examination Is for ad mis- ft, sion to positions In all departments, at. salaries from SI,Ott) to Si,2<!0a year. The limited Is ^ for admission to places jaylng from S720 to pl S9!W. Spccia! examinations are hold foral! po- y| sltlons where additional, technical quallllca- w Hons arc necessary. The departments now sl requiring those examinations are the State K, Department, tiie l'utcnt, the Pension and the ?i yignal otllces and the Gcoloj;leal Survey. 111 fJ Is Impossible to give any full Idea of these examinations. Theoretically questions are asked only on those branches taught In tho free public schools. The questions asked at the last examination are, in our opinion, Inappropriate. They relate to no duty to be performed, and the ability to answer tho ques- T tion, shows no knowledge of tile duties expected to be done. How can any clerk In 1 lie Treasury Department need to know the location of the principal battle tields In the Unltedstales? Or of what benefit can it bo to him to know the relative latitude of the States? Jt The successful candidate lor a third class cl clerkship must also be able to tell the voting M power possessed by the presiding otllcer ot bi each House of Congress. He must a!so ex- gi plain the Monroe doctrine. He must tell the ju groat ungues aim results 01 me r ranco-uertnan war. Uiuler tho licncl of mathematics nl these questions are found: A pole 84 feet (II high standing In a horizontal plane being ei broken, the top portion adheres to (lie base w portion and falls till Its free end strikes the v< pound 21 feet from the base of the upright in portion. Required the length of eaeh portion of the broken pole. A man weighing 72 tr pounds runs with a velocity ot six against a ei standing, hut not resisting man, whoso weight Is 90 pounds. What Is the result ? The ques- tl j lions sire to determine whether tlie applicant oi Isn good copyist, and that ho will not steal, in and all applicants are examined on tho same k< branches irrespecllvo of any peculiar quail- li | lies required In tho separate departments, ei These examinations apply only to the limited ti and general examination. Hut one equally strong applies to the special. Take thcfol- ct lowing question which is asked. Prove that Is 1*1 equal time upon squaro root of o dl- In | vlded by g. Who would most probably be rc | eorrcct in Ills answer, an academician or a In ' thorough business niau ? The former, In spile tl I of his utter unfitness for work, would most li probably make the highest average and rc- al | ceive the appointment. Those objections may li i be removed out- at present they exist. rt Tho next objectionable provision of the bill tc Is that, granting It to be binding on the l'resl- el dent and commissioners It. only provides for ir appointments of the fourth class. This low- h ors it almost to a thing of ridicule. No cor- o million Is said to exist among the clerks of r< this class. Thcoljocllon tothem Is that lliere ft are too many of them and their existence as n clerks ought to be dispensed with. In nuin- n her too they are only about 10.(100, their aver- T age salary Is about SM)i>, The American people cl say the advocates of this bill demand reform, st and for a reform competitive examinations ai aro Instituted amongst clerks of the lowest r< nrrlnr* ivhiln ut'lt* rnula nnrnnlu tfn/lnru i mid bends ot departments arc lefl to luxuriate si as of old. To pasg'a bill afl'ectlngslightly 10,- gi ( 00 who draw salaries to the amount of &M0,- w 1000, and leaving unmentioiicd 90,000, costing w 890,000,000 In answer to this cry for reform r< seems very much like trying to cure a yellow oi fever patient with homeopathic doses of corn Ix meal. IJut such is the bill and It was passed, sr The other provisions of the bill are of minor hi Importance and generally unobjectionable, ci but as wo sco the bill, Its whole substanro Is it to pay commissioners to conduct examina- ai tlons amongst applicants for fourth grade ai nlaecs, If the President declines being trou- a bled with that lotv order of beggars s( For any good effects which have followed a Mr. Cleveland's method of appointment no II thanks ure due to tills bill. If lie adopted its s; provisions and rules It was because his own Ideas were embodied In the Dill, and it seems ci to ns that the recommendation of a proml- h nent member of the executive committee In rl favor of a broken down brother-in-law has w more weight with the present executive than a many commissions. It was wo think pecu- a llarly unfortunate for the Democratic party a: that this bill was passed. In the next canvass el ! they stand committed (o n policy of more rc- ei form. The Keptib!leans may promise reform d and at the same time gainull the benefit the u spoils system ever gave in an election and we a know that sometimes election promises arc si not all exactly consistent with the platform, w The Democrats can promise no spoils, and against them will probably bo arrayed every lover of the old way from the city ward boss to the deoosed Sit) postmaster. The immediate olivet of this bill If adopted by the President is to contlnuo In office all present employees. No provision Is made touching their n examination, but the President Is prohibited from removing them save for spec!He cause. This Is plainly unjust. The Republican party does not represent now one-half of the citizens of the United States. They have elected their President generally by a plurality vote. Yet the offices aro tilled with Republicans r< with few exceptions, and this bill continues ai them In ofllee to the exclusion of the Demo- d; crats who by a Just appointment would been- ti titled to at least one-half the places, and S50,- a< 00!),000 Is a prize well worth a struggle The tl adoption of a complete reform of this sort ai and an abandonment of the victor's spoils \v system will practically settle the point wlu-th- cj er parties can exist without spoils. Tills question wo have not time to discuss but our if historical recollections full to show us one In- w nuiiiut; vji jJiiMitb CAiauuK nuiiuuu n spoils,exccptthcDemocraticparty for twenty- h one years past. Tlie reformers claim Unit w nothing is so destructive to parties as the h spoils system nndnolntto the great contest ni between Tlldon and Kelly In Now York, and a; the other contests In thutState. They refer J | loo to Great Urlfaln as having dono away hi with all spoils. True In Great Itrltain no such n< thing as the spoils system now exists. After g( the celebrated election in which the Liberals )> under Mr. Gladstone overthrew the (,'onscrv- fy atlves, under the civil service law not more than IIfty removals were made In aclerloal w force exceeding ours by one-fourth, and the st party lines there are as sharply defined as *1 ever. Hut the relation existing between the 0i executtvo and legislative powers there and ci the character of the ofllce of the Chief Magls- w | tinny there, are so different from ours that we tl would hesitate betore predicJitlng success in n the United Suites for any measure Justified sc by experience in (Jrcat Britain only. a1 On the whole wo think tills bill generally st known as the Pendleton bill is a huin'bug and ta a sham, and should lia ve been opposed more or especially by Democrats. It claims great f() powersund has none. It promises a reform It hi can not give. The Democratic party goes In- OI to power, but this bill robs them of all the pecuniary benetlts of their victory and forbids pi any such hopes for the future. Andthegreatest party objection Is, that It wicsts from the j, Democrats a powerful political weapon and m gives to the Republicans Its full uso and Inlluonce. tr To conclude wo will briefly givo our own vlewson the present system and the necessity j| for a chance. We are lirmly convinced that the pure spoils system, freed from objections w which flow front the abuse of Its first prlnclpie Is the correct one. Theso abuses result c| largely from considering offices as cmolu- rn menls. The true view Is that otllces were ere- j,, ated for the administration of the govern- i0 ment. They were never created to be enjoyed iv tirst by one then another as places of profit. The ofllces of a government should not bo n, considered as so many bins filled lull from a | ^.! nubile store house which one partisan Is ton', enjoy a little while and then resign for the 'V r.ext. Wlion the offices of u government arc \i viewed in this tight Hie whole body politic Is 11 corrupt throughout. l!ut this Is not an 1111- ce conimon Interpretation of the phrase rotation !;r in office. By the great political prophets of ?? our nation it was considered doubtful wheth- ... erthis rotation would be beneficial when ap- v* plied to entire parties. Koine contended that *. the principles controlling the executive oltlco ?{. ought to change sometimes, but no one so far , as we eau learn ever advocated a ohange of J"," subordinates. On thecontrnry theact tlxlng , a certain term of olllce was bitterly opposed , as debauching theservlco by making It tie* , pendent. Nothing will elevate tlio civil fier- : ' vice so mneli as a total abandonment of tills ! ' degrading idea of olliccs being favors for par- "j tlsans, and an unsparing condemnation ol all I;, who make it one of their political tenets. Any other policy than the one announced In j the spoils system would be fatal to parties. The aim of a government, as the aggregato of; all its parties, In regard to its agents, Is to se* i. euro tlio most capable, those being the ones who combine Him highest degree of ability c" with honesty. When this condition Is fulfill- ' ed the people can make no objection, but there ; is anotherqualltlcatlon necessary for the safe- 1 " ty ol the dominant party, and that Is that all its agents be In unison with Its political opinions. The parties are responsible for the administration of the government. Each,as Its administration ui-kiiin guvion iruii.auu iin; mi people form an unsparing Jury. Is it possible ( <, then for any party to meet with approbation Vii will 1st it acts through agents hostile to its |>c policy, who have resisted Hand will thwart j)U every design they are ordered to execute? Vi< This system too commends itself strongly to ju Democrats, because it was advocated ami prac- (ui tiecd by both Jefferson and Jackson. The followers of these great men siiotiid take care whe.n their steps leave the paths laid out so . ^ plainly by those staunch Democrats, who seem to have looked through the telescope of experience far Into t lie future and foretold the fortune of our country and our party dangers. *' Wc do not wisii, however, to be understood WI nsadvocating the spoils system,us It has been I111, conducted for some years. Nothing falls fartlier short of our Idea of an efllclem civil service than this system of favoritism. We eondetnn as severely as the most extreme reform- (JU or the appointment of anv one for any reason .] otlior than his litnoss for the position. How 1 lot to coutluue the system aud pic vent the abuses! lui ' : Wj5v?Ms>: - : "r. '' 11 ja?^i th vlilch It has been saddled and for wlilch * Hold responsible Ih a hard qucxtlun. All mid oppose an amendment to the ConsLltun inking Hils power from the executive, glslatl ve enactment can not be of any avail ntusf nn imu'llllntr Vri'Kldpiit. The onlv vli likely to succeed Is an attempt to In tin* cc public opinion against favoritism. Puboplulou Ik In Ihctnn election, vaatly dltfert indeed from one by Imllot, where each liti slip Is of tlie snmc vnlue, and the no of a lllonuire Is neutralized by Iho yes ol n imp. Public opinion Is made up of mnny rts. The opinion of the Prc*s, the opinion the Bar and of the Clergy, and the opinion nil professions are component parts of it d ninlcc itn power few contradict,and none er successfully resist. And It is Mils force ly thatwocun expect to purify our service. ie sen I Intents of all classcs and orders of izens must be crystallized in favor of pure d proper government before we are freed >m an evil which makesa sn!eof the United ?tes hy ibe Pretorlan Guards of America a sslbility. THE MADISON MURDER. lie Vaso Closes?A Strong Cane nn<l n Weak I>efencc An Exchange hn? Summed V'p tlie Tcstlniony A^alnst CluvcrliiM. riio Commonwealth has closcd its caso alust Thomas J. Cluverlus for the murder Kanuio Ullllan Madison at. Hlchinond. Va? ???. tu<K<w?nnln.# (hlftir tvWriotjaoc u'hnu/1 nr. nidation lasted through thirteen days. Jt in proved lliut Cluverius, while pretending lie very religious, wns really a most consuato scoundrel. There was 110 actual proof at he Ik the man who betrayed Miss Sladlii but their association, and tho fact that e hnd received attention from no other an, litis been proved. Obscene poetry In his ml writing was found In her trunkand proicctl Id court. It Ih proved that MIks Mniiln received u letter while teaching for Mrs. Ickson in upper Virginia signed with the ime of her cousin In Itlchinond, und urging ;r to go down and accompany a sick aunt to e sea shore, and that the letter was a forgy and was used by Miss Madison as her prext for leaving. It is furthercstablishcd that icand Cluverius arrived in Ulchmond oil e same day, that they exchanged notes, at they were seen walking together during ic day 011 llelle Islo and In the neighborhood ' the reservoir, that on the night before the oruing Miss Madison was found dead in the servolr, they rode out toward It In a street rand were last scon walking that way; that it long after tiiey were seen, a colored man vlng near the reservoir heard a woman renin "Oh Lord !;" that It would have been iposslble for a woman in Miss Madison's mdlllon to have climbed the fence around ie reservoir to act into it. and that Cluvcris was absent Irotn the lintel until Into on 10 night of the murder and left the city the L*xt morning. It was further proved that hen he reached home the backs of his hands ere so torn and scratched as to cause reiark. and that he had habitually wore on his atch chain an old Inshloned gol J watch key milar In shape to one picked up where the ound bore marks or a scuttle Just at the ilnt where the girl's body was found, and uit when he was arrested at Ills home there as no key on his chain but a broken link at ctiuu u? uju ki:j juuiiii. a jewt'iur tu Is belief that this key was the sarno he had 1 one occasion repaired for Cluverlus, but 10 evidence was not positive. The theory of the State is that Cluvcritif id Miss Mntttson had arranged that she lould ro to Richmond secretly under the retence of mrctlns the aunt with whom she as to no to tho sea shore, remain there in line private place until her trouble was ovoj id then return, and tlmt Cluverlus lured the rl from the hotel on tho pretence of taking er to some place and then murdered her. Tlie Defence closed Its case ou Monday and le Jury were charged. The defense foiled to rove an alibi, but rest principally on the pre> ions character of the accused, and tho doubt hlcli Is always Incident to cases of clrcum.antlal evidence. The feeling thai- lie if illty of cowardly and dastardly murder is most universal, and tho verdict Is looked rward to with much interest. CLUVERIUS IS CONVICTED. lie Murderer of Fnitnic Mndlson lionnd for the Gallows. [Qrccnvillc Xcwi.] Richmond, Va., June 4, 7:35 p. m.?The try in the ease of Thomas J. Cluverlus larged with the murder of I-'annle I.llllaii [adlson on the l-ith of March, to-uIjrhl rought in a verdict of murder In the first de ee, after a trial lasting twenty days. The iry was cut only about thirty minutes. More than 2.000 people were in and lininedl ely around the court house to hear the ver let. When It was annouecd there was a gea al sigh of satisfaction, and u row cbeen ent up from persons In the building. Clu jrlus received the verdict with perfect culm pss. The prison's counsel will ask for a new trial morrow, but It will probably not be grant' 1. Tho community Is generally delighted wit! le result. While fe# people doubt the prlS' uer's guilt, it was feared tlie evidence woult rit convince a Jury. The caso will probabli 3 to tlic supreme court but there can now b< ttlc doubt of Tlie Until result. Should anoth r trial be lmcl the mate will probably be abli > strengthen Its case mcterlally. Tiiere Is no moral doubt that Cluverlui msed the murder of his cousin, l'annle Mad on, If ne did not murder her himself, a Me: e had used the opportunities given lit in bj ilatlonshlp and long association to destroy er character and her soul. He went befori ic court ostensibly lo maintain and defenc Is reputation, btft rested his defenc< Imost altogether on the supposed impossibility of connecting lilm dl ;utly with the crime. Ho did not at iinpt to account for his whereabouts betweei [glit o'clock and midnight of the night tin uirder was proved to have been done, auc Is counsel successfully opposed tho attemp f the State to have the Oerman Jeweler win paired Cluverlus'watch key open the koj >und near Miss Madison's body that hi light say |k)sitively whether the work he re lembered to have done was on It or not his conduct of the cast-could not be rec.ni' ited with conscious Innocence by any rea >nlng, and doubtless weighed heavily gainst the prisoner la the minds of the Ju >rs. The evidence revealed that Cluverlus had i orange doul life Outwardly he was bland nod naturcd and commonplace enough t< In tho nickname ot ".Smiling Mo.*os," anc us moral, steady, thrirty, correct In even Sspect. Inwardly lie was a very devil of lust r corruption, of cunning. A church mem er, assistant superintendent of his Sunday rhool, and a busy, prospering, model younj iwycr, ho was a secret frequenter of tho vll ?t houses In Hlchmond, a destroyer of wo lanly virtue,a murderer planning murder nd concealment with womlerful dellberutlot nd forethought for the smallest details, tin uthorof verses and pictures to horribly ob 3cno that no man dared to put them befon Jury mull tho court room was cleared. Hli le has been the very sublimation of hypocrl Two accidents betrayed lilm. The bundli outainlng his victim's underclothes will or name on them floated a mile down the vcr and drifted ogulnst a wharf where 1 as picKcu up: ann me waste paper oasKe t the hotel in which the fragments of n note ddressed to him by the murdered womat ud not delivered, were thrown was no leaned out. The pieces were found nnd past il together. Hut lor those "two trivial nccl ents Fannie Madison would be krirlcd In at nknowa grave In the Potter's fluid to day nd Cluvorlus Twould still be a respectcd [Tilling, thriving young lawyer eugagud to i ealthy and attractive relative. TEE KING OF THE GAMBLERS. Icath of tlifl Head or the Lonlsinnti Lottery Swindle?Some Strang* StorieN about Him. [Kelt) York Tribune, 1st.] Charles T. Howard, the lottery king, tin ,'ul owner of the Louisiana lottery company Itliough It is a stock company, died yester :iy at Ills country scat, at JL>obbs Ferry, fron io cll'eot of Injuries received In a runaway rcldent. Although a man of large propor ons, he was notstrong physically, and shod nd fright, as in the case of Juiison Jarvis hose death also resulted from a runaway <used his death. Howard was a riillndelphlan, born nbou L30, and was half educated at a college there here George A Herd Townsend was his fellov upil. Though his education wuslncompleie e had an actlvc inind and undoubted Uilentf hlch had tliey been properly dln-ctcd, wonlc av<; made him famous In almost any honor l>Io career, lie began life properly enough, ai i newsdealer In Mobile, Ala., but he soot; l ifted on into other lines of business wliici rought him more money than the selling o cwspapers. Ho was a man of the most un jvernable temper. Like most good haters e was at the name time a firm and constant lend, and to those who accepted and endwr 1 intimacy with him his hand and purse ere ever open and free. He organized will: iveral others the Louisiana lottery company lortly after the war. He had been an agent l' various companies of the sanio fiaudulenl laracter, and by experience had learned hat such a concern could lie made. The en ipting the legislature. The charter was nc K>hcr obtained tlian lieand Ills fellow tru-tee.< id organizers kased the company to themlvos, agreeing to supply the necessary capl ,1 ami give half the protlt.s to the stockhoid' a. Then they quietly bought up the stock r themselves, Howard securing the lion's lure. At first the people of New Orleans llywerc selected as victims of this fraud, jt later agencies were established In every \rt of tlie country, and the fraud became a ntlonalono. The exposures by the Tribuni ove llie agents from tills city, and dually ost of the large cities of the Jsorth rid themIves of the pest. Howard has lately been ylng to reestablish agencies in tills city, it liis plans were not perfected when lie ed. Some of his actions against his enemies ere illustrative ol his peculiar character c tried to gain admittance to the Jockey ub, which owned the once famous Metarle ,ce course at Now Orleans, but Ills Infamous islness and disreputable character led a marity of the members to blackball liini. He ore an oath to turn the Metarie race course ito a ceinetcry. lie organized a stock tommy, bought the fair grounds and built a rlil race track upon them, ills accoinmoda3ns were superior to those of the old club id liis purses large, and he soon ruined the ctarlc club. They decided to sell their land, e bought It, organized a company and the metery which was established proved a eat .financial success. He wished, in the me way, to get into the La Varleto Club hicli owned the beautlfulVarlety Theatre in mv Orleans but was blackballed by that ub. He waited ills opportunity and bought lims against the club and finally obtained ntrol of the building In which the club and eatre were. The theatre was burned and lie built It on condition that he be taken into e club. He look care ol the concern till the ,y Ol Ills ueaui, mm practicality unm-u hp embershlp. In fact, Howard was famous r tlio number of brokon-ilown gentlemen liom he took care of. He was ostentatiously arltable in other ways. His fraudulent conrn, the Louisiana lottery, obtained its charter on the ground it was to give $60,1)00 >'ear to the charity hospital of New Orleans, still continue* to rob the poor citizens of jw Orleans and many other cities of the untry for this highly laudable object. >ome years ago he established a penny Jour.1 In this city called JViith for 110 other rposes than to detend the Louisiana lottery inpany and to attack Its enemies. It was ort lived. \ number of lloston pastors were arrested a week for holding religious services on the mnions. It was claimed that this was in illation of a city ordinance, if so there can no Just complaint against the action taken; t why is it that saloons are kept open In >lation of law and the Sabbath desecrated ways which are plain violations of city oriiinces and yet the transgressors go free.? >sociute Reformed 1'ic.ibytaictn. \ young girl who seems to know what she talking about, objects to the criticisms ilch make it appear that those of her eox ioarc true and womanly arc scarce; and e wishes to know whether It Is necessary, ten a young lady is receiving company In rlor, that she shall lug In beefsteaks, washas, scrubbing brushes and smoothing irous, order to conviuce a lot of ninnies ol young ;n that she can work lu the kitchen.?Austa Evening News. ust received a large lot of the "fruit of the >tn" bleached homespun, winch \ye arc sdl{ very cheap. Ucil Oc Uulyhiu, i ' . . ' , - . r- ' r;;'r wmm $10 000 in Slaughtered for the MURDER I IS THE CRY OF COMPETITION", BUT Tfc money must be raised. 15 telling blows sti ULOW I?3,"00 yards Figured Lawns 3V& w BLOW 2?500yurds beautiful Spring Cnllcoe BLOW 8?1,500 yards Ulen^ied Cotton (best i BLOW 4?500 yards Bleached Cotton 8%c. \ BLOW 5?1 stark Sen Island Cotlon 3^a w BLOW G?10 Bo/en Good Ilnndkerclilcfe BLOW 7?1& miles nil kinds Luces :Mc. to BLOW ??JO Dozen Gents nil Linen Collar) BLOW 9?ri00 l'alm Leaf Funs lr.each. BLOW 10?'?i Incli White Lawns 6'4c. wortl BLOW 11?10 inch While Uwns 10c. worth BLOW 12?1 Case Ladles New Part Button BLOW-l*? 1 Case Gents Hand Sewed (warn BI.oW M?1!4 miles Knibroldery ac fo $150 BLOW 15?50 Dozen Pulr IIosu 5c. to 75c. SPECIE For the benefit ol the Indies, I hare bough seen In.the County. Beautiful line Sateens, i Dress Silks 50c., 75c., S1.00 up. Black Cash in White Goods, embracing Llnon D'Inde, Victoi ilia Mull. Persian Ijwn, Nainsooks, Ac. Emb to Sli.OO. Oriental, Kscurlal, Vallenclneu, 7 Lulus in endless variety. Ludleti Fine Shoes a MILiIiI The finest lino In tlie Stnte. This departmei lady whose tnHte has brought forth tuc n>o?1 the linn of New American and Parisian noveli on exhibition. The j'libllc arc invited to visit J. W. PAYNE, Manager. P. S.?Ijidles from Hodges, Cokesbury, Dont It., nnd Troy, MeCorinlck, lJradley and Verde onnca. on the O., L. A M. It. R. will have ample return home same day. Special atUmtlou glv of charge. Speed & DRUG \ * K' EF-P CONSTANTLY ON HAND A FUL1 DRUGS, <JHEMrCALS, etc.. , I KN'T AND PROPRIETARY MKDICJNES. 1 ; Dyspepsia. Fur safe only by u*. Try our Br,A , and our COMPOUND SYUUP 8ARSAPAR .! RED RUG POISON, the most convenient way 'I nil the staple and fashionable colors. A fall . STATIONARY, etc.. eta The best brands of I Vtn/.L- nr VV 14 TTV [ R?rN PATVT ! j KRUHHFX, WINDOW OLASS, GOLDEN MJ Iiros. PREl'AUEI) PAINT, the best iu the inn [Prescription Phy8lrlnn'6 proscriptions and Family Rpclp rlenccd and couipclcnt hands. Orders by hun April 20,1S?5, tf i HIS ? Will sell the fo NEW YORK ( | Ready-Made "Winter Cloth.ii nel Dress Goods i rPHE following will bo sold ?t the lowest prl 1 HOMESPIJNS, JEANS AND CA8SIME CUNNINGHAM Jb TEMPLETON have a i ; call. As chcap as the cheapest and u? good ac A. E. R < Willi (ill DEAL ui. n Hams, Lard, Sugar, Co T AM SELLING THE ABOVE GOODS FOl ! 1 I will mitkc It to the Intercut of all CAtiH : that LOW CASH prices will lie appreciated ; Inti'rost to kcII only for SPOT CASII. I hnvi der any consideration. SPOT CASH or no r< We thank our frleuds and customers for piu THE ABBEVILLE V Jan. 21,13S4, tf IT TL? newur I, X ; COTMiF HAVE Just opened a new nnd elegantly fl Corner, under the Prex.t nnd Maimer offi , rcceivo till tlielr Klock Is complete a full line ; Drugs, Medicines, Che " Also, nil the popular PATENT MEDICINES 1 warrant to be frwth nnd good. ' We also oiler a well selected stock of FANC t Colognes, Foreign and Don ; in great variety, Hand * Our lino of BHUSHEH AND SOAPS lx slm NAIL, FLESH, SHAVING AND SHOE BK I Ht. j January 28,1SS5, tf II MO 111 V ill iiu ill i, Thomas mcoettKiAX having sold out First (Mass Trade at the Norwood 1{ rot ho: ? call public attention to the SUPERIOR QU/ >' by aj:e, nnd used as a Lieaverage and Family '! selected Malt, Is absolutely PLTltE, and It TONIC and as a INVIGORATING HEAI/1 BEVERAGE It Is unexcelled, and only to be The proprietor lias on hand a Fine Stock of l C0OLTIVOM KEER at only 15 cents a bottle. ' COOL TEMPERATE DRLNKS put up iu i saloon of the up-country. Give Tom a Call at PALMED MILK PUNCH, and 01 May 14th, 1884. B. F. s: -A_JL5?5Ji; V _L Is now prepared to furnis ed Lumber, and is ready to Work of any kind, at the ve most reasonable prices. j June 13.18H4, tf ii Bile] ARE now prepared to exhibit an elegant stock of SPRING & SUMMER GOODS. AU departments are lull, and persons In want of nny article, liave only to call lor It and be supplied. In regard to prices, a creat many eoods are uowsold below the cost of production. Satisfaction guaranteed. Let every one call | and sec for himself. WHITE BROTHERS. Vacuum Harness Oil. rpo keep your harness soft, and make them I \vr>nr well, vou must net some, for sale in I half-i'lntK, pints nuU cruarts hy 1 lice. 1", lit!, U' UiiOfJ. BEGGS, 1 Dry Goods Benefit of the Trade^H MDRDERI H [E GOODS WERE BOUGHT CHEAP, A2oj|^| rack at the heurt of competition. orth 0'4c. ^HH| ? 3%c. worth 6'4<\ nuide)7Uc. worth 10c, vorlh ?;/ orth oc HH ??. wortli 10c. BBB 32.25 per yard. HH 4 2^o. worth :i>e. i |^H Shoes 75c. worth $1.60. intcd) tibocs tit.75 worth $5X0. lT.TIES. H t the flnwt stock of .Spring Drew Mnterlal ill shades In Huinmor 811k 49c. per yard. >ero 80 to 42 Inch :ffic. to 11.00. Unlimited rla Lawns. Kowille Hirlpes, Egyptian Lawn, roldcreti Robes (newest dress material ontj 'orclion, HranlHh, Egyptian, and all other bm^BI nd SIJpi>crs from 75c. to HOG. |^^H| NERY. it Ik In charge of MISS MUIR, of BaIllmor*,1^^^| t extravagant praise from those who have scet^^H U?* In Hats and lJonnet*, which are being pa^^^B , our Emporium. THE AUGUSTA STORE, H Greenwood, S. C. ilds, Due Wrst and Abbeville, on the G. A G.R^^H ry, on the A. k K. U. H, and Waterloo and OirSH time betw?*en tnina to do their shopping ant^BH en to orders. All orders over StftOOshipped frb^Hfl lAprll 21, Jeffl GISTS. I [j AND WELL SELECTED STOCK OF PUBl^H pti> All Lhn In test nnd nnmilttr IIiimi of PAT^^b hi ER B1NE, the bait Liver 3(cdlHne<mre^^H CKTJERRY CcmDIAL for Summer Complaini^H ILLA with IODIDE POTASH for the Bloorf^H of destroying these inscct* DIAMOND DYKf^B I Hue of FANCY GOODS; TOILET ARTICLES??! CIGARS, TOBACCO AND CIGARETTBl^^H 3. OILS. VARNISHES, ETC, ETC. PATN^HI kCHINE OIL We sell the celebrated narrttb^^H irket. spcclal attention paid to the Department. ph filled at nit hoars of day and night by ezpe^Ha d or mail promptly attended (o. SPEED & NEUFFER. ' ^ i ^ ^ MB illowing goods at |B JOST for Cashl ig. Plane el Underwear, rian<^H and Dark Calicocs. 9B Ices: BLEACHED. BROWN AND CHECKED^H RS, BOOTS AND SHOES, and alt other goodft^H store full of all klnda of goods.' Give them a^^| t tiie boat. [Peb.25,lM8,tr7MB BIN mini ER IN" H . MEAL, MEAll fee, Molasses and Soap. H El SPOT CASH and GASH ONI,Y.H buyer* to buy their goods from me. Ilellevlnr^^H by the trndeand tlint It will be tn<mr maltinl^^l e iidoptcd thin rule and will not break them twill be our motto. it favors and promise lower prices than tver yH WHOLESALE STORE- J lfrStnrel 1 Pill Itted np DRUG STORE on the Marahnll Hons* ce, and aro now receiving and will conilna* to micals, Dye Staffs, &C/H kept In a first-class Drag Store, all of which w* |Rj :y GOODS, consisting of HH testic, Handkerchief Extracts mm [some Vases, Lamps, &c. H By complete. Every variety of HAIR, TOOTH SH HOAiy from the finest toilet to the cheap* wm\ the CKXTEXNIAL HOUSE and e*tablt*b?d A r'.s Olil stand on Washington mreei, umirc* 10 ILITY ol bis FINE OLD LlttUOKS Softened Medicine. It Is manufactured from curefajfcM Is blxltly recommended by medical rnn ?H SUSTAINING and STke^ftmTfnViNO hmtnt tlie I'ALMKTTO SALOON. MILWAUKEE STEAM BEEIt also FRESH First Class Style to suit tbe trade at tbe leading the old ro SALOON. | ther Temperance Drinks. 11 T H, 3LLE, S. C., h all kinds of Bough or Dress* fill all orders for Carpenter r<rr clinvfoct n nil no on/1 a f tVlA JL jr OUVi VV0II UVVAVV MMU M V 1 llll Ml! Under the New Hotel Will be Found New Fall Goods at ^ _ low rnces toy QDAHLES & THOMAS .Abbeville* S. C* Sept. U ! '' -'}