Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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w - <c$asaeM in 3 Press and Banner. A 15 13 11 VILLE, &. o . Wednesday, Feb. 4, 1535. f'ush SiiVfi-iltrrs vs. We areomlonvorittjr to ailopi the c .tsh-in-ad-1 v:\noe plan for subscriptions lo the /'; ' << unit | Si'innif ?nd hope t > rei:rl ve I he e pcrallon 1 ?>f tlothv|iient subscribers. Wo only iiwd their help to make tin* plan a success, ami v. itii'Hit their co-operation we shall be chii- | felled to part witli s imo o!<l friends. We ] xv-m! I pn fer to have < i-ht htuiiire?l paying mhseriliei s u illtoul the :t< 1<! t I - >>> of live hundred ora lliou-aml <!elin?juytds. If some of mir country rotts'iis would print their paper only for those who pay for it. their lists \vo:;!ii ix' smaller, but tr.civ proms v.'iiiiiii lie greater. Altera long experience ar.d observation in; 1110 business ot printing a newspaper, we ar*incliiii tl to tlio opinion there are a very few counties in the State that will gi vea local paper a thousand good subsciibers. Abbevilli*, for railroads post ofliee facilities, and for the Intelligence of the people, we think, Inot inferior to tiny comity in tin* Stale, and yet we do not believe that any newspaper) )>uhlisticd at Abbeville ever had ;v thousand j paving subscribers. We believe that the Prrxx ami fi'innrr Ins as good a list as any paper ever had at Abbeville, ninl vet we now print only a fraction over eight hundred copies, and when we have <ra-cJ from our books the namesof a number j of delinquents we will then print n smaller, number than we do in. w. A country newspapei may print a thousand or fifteen hundred copies of its puhlicntu 11, yet, with twocxecp-j tions, we do not believe that any country! new-paper in South Carolina, ran show, by j j Is books, that right hundred persons have: paid their subscriptions. The city ncwspa-? Vers, as a rule, have adopted the cash plan, j .mid wcare convinced that the country edi-| tor may yet learn that it is unprofitable t'?! ( end out tiw hundred copies of his public;.* tion, for which !.*o has no reasonable hope of j receivirg a cent. They will find out that pa-! j crssent out gratuitously to lunatic asylums, I ) eniientiaries, hotels, advertising agents, or j dead beats of any kind, is unprofitable. \Ve| liave found it profitable to cut oil' known! * dead heads," and thus save paper anil postnge. The reduction of circulation was i.iorti lying, but the diminished expen.-e was a suf-j iiclcitl recompense. Having staited in that iine. we are now printing our paper for those j v.-ho pay for it. Including freight, o'ir paper costs us a cent and a quarter a ( licet before wc do any work upon it, and we do not pr 1'ose to waste our sheets, knowingly. I.ire Insurance. Without offering any advice to anybody on j the subject, we presume it would not be amiss jo speak on the subject and oiler some sug gestions to our confiding people. Supposing I that nil insurance companies are conducted J <>n the same principle. that is, to make money j out of the people, we furnish the following,; wltieli, we think, proves clearly that one com- j pany is making a good tiling out of lis cus-, , tomers. We corinect no liitme to tlie follow- '1 i 11 g, for the reason (hut it is immaterial to the I reader. We only give what is purported to be ( the facts, it may he, the sworn statement 01 the oHicers of an insurance company : KKCKirrs. Cash received for premiums 65 / Notes received for premiums ?.SJ5 _l . Income trom other sources -1.1 i Interest ou investments f?,?i5 ;:i i Total receipts ,SH?,<Wt! 52 I)I.SIUMtS-:MKXTS. losses paid S fls i ].o.-8''S unpaid 7">) ((> i J'aid lor reinsurance 2, V>7 O'i i Commissions to agents | Salaries 5,'.s2 13? j1 iicneralexpenses y,4U it'll Taxes 1,1-14 11 i Increased assets 23,411 OS < Total disbursements U'W 52 i i It will l>e noted of the cash received for pre- j lulums, $:2,?t:S.V5, only S7,fM"?.0S was paid back ! to Insurers, while 52o.7S7.D7 went, elsewhere. ' i Oencral expenses ? S.lli P!> < S ilartes 5,2X2 3? > Commissions to agents 5,:w 5!> j i For every dollar that (went to the insurer | J f >ur dollars of their money wont elsewhere. 11 Agents, otticers and general expenses, got two j' dollars to the Insurers one, while two other ( dollars of the Insurers money goes to make a 11 great fund which belongs to nobody. An-1' cording to the showing made the ' income >] from other sources, $>,225 ;il " was more than r enough to pay death policies, and yet the j Kline company proposes to give its gudgeons ( u premium, or a return of ten per cent of aU i the money which they may annually put into Jj the concern. We do not see how It is possible p to furnish a stronger evidence of the folly of t our people investing money in Jife insurance!| thau the sworn figures given above. j v Tobacco?Tobacco. c *'Jnst now the subject of tobacco culture I* recclv- {, lug much attention mo! < tir l'omir.is?.oi:et of Ag'i- .j culture, 01. A. l\ IJutler. is endeavoring tomt.ke such i ^ atr.inseinent* an >vlll enable our farmers to mike ex- (| in its growing during tl.e present year. 1 ii- | Ims applied to tin- Salloii J Department of Agrleni- j lure for S'.'eil and will furnish to applicants these u ith pamphlets containing full instructions as to the mak- ^ 3i=IC "f the crop ant Uow f > man ge it after it in ma<le. j \ ' Years ago tho people of t.iis ooiuity made tot ncco i pro wius profitable and whilst we wouhl ti"t .1'I vise j .* our farme a to abandon altogether tfto M>ilijiif c t-j J ton. we are couvirccd that it run be made a source oi l , gre-'er profit th in tile cultivation of this crop. \\Y | lire Kitistl.'il from the e.xpetiiueii's which have been s maile in our l'ieiluio:tt section, with tiie growing ol j the finer varieties of tobacco, that it would be ureatly t to their interest to divide and give a portion of tliei t and and their 1 ib ir to its cultivation. L< t thein sup- ^ plement their C 'tton crops this year with an iiere ot j, ^ two iu t 'bicco ami count the cost end pollt and see v heth'-r it will t.c remunerative. Our soli is Weil adapted to lis growing and theie '.is no climate in the J * oi id better for its curit g.?Scurcu Free J'rt ss. As wo suggested lust week, wo are ea tircly u opposed to nny waste of time, land and inon- ^ ey, in trying experiments in producing this J, crop, which has long since been abandoned '| for the more protltnble crop of cotton. 1'xpe- rience, wo think, will prove that no cotton- } raising people will give up the staple for to- j La ceo. Tobacco Is the filthiest crop that a ' white inan ever engaged in, and cotton is the f nicest that ever grew. \Ve shall not object t o J i fanners in Oconee p^ j^tnling In pinch lng the heads oil'vfaOTToDacco worm, but we J should be very sorry for our peopte to waste i their tiiue and money experimenting in the j )>roductlon of an Immense crop of worms, j, and the saving of a crop which contaminates r everything In which it comcs in contact. * mm , "The manners of the Confederate Soldie-.'s Home . In Klehiuolnl rq*>rt that they l ave received altogether ! have purchased a house, and that a few it>luatcs are already twins cared fur. It is hojied thai more motley w i.i be obtained imh.ii at.d the f ciiitiea of the home Tory much increased."?Efchuttgc. ? ?-* Justthink of it. In South Carolina alone, we spend a quarter of a million ol dollars annually, which Is extorted from old Confederate soldiers, their widows and orphans, for the purpose of educating tiie children of negroes who have persistently and consistently l>ecn our political enemies, and who, by the help of I'nion bayonets, run riot over this country for eight years, and yet the whole of the Southern States arc barely able to raise to establish a Home for indigent soldiers. The hypocrisy which pretends intense love for the negro, while neglecting our own r soldiers, our kilh and kin, is simply sublime, j We presume that hisiory does not furnish a parallel for our Ingratitude to old soldiers, and we feel sure that 110 precedent can be' found for the present truckling to nn alien race, who are our sworn enemies, as Is fur/ nished In our munificent appropriations for negro education, when our own children arc barefoot and Ignorant. Don't Forfjet Your Common Sense. While we do not know more of any man's business than lie himself knows, yet It may be possible that some of our readers may go hastily Into the life insurance business. We know that no agent would knowingly have any citizen to act except for bis own best interest, yet. It may be, some ol our people may over estimate their own ability to pay, and tliev inav nlsn luuler-ostim.-ite the amount 1 > ' . money wlilcl) they will be required to pay. a The companies, by no possibility, can be able u to pay out more than they receive, and as we 1 liave seen it stated that ninety-one per cent, ii of all the policies which are issued lapse, !j. acd are ft total loss to the insurer, there c. must be eleven chances to one that all t tie j jnoncy which any citizen may invest in that | way will be a total loss to him. Facts and [ T figures are stubborn things, mid if It is true as Plated, that ninety-one per cent of life policies are a total loss, it inust indeed bo reckless exT pendlture of money to put it into life Insurance. Wonderful Circumstance for Hie tonn !S| of t'rowperily. vi A farmer in Newberry county promised toM' diver cotton to a merchant at Prosperity j list Friday. He kept his promise, and deliv-! It red tiie cotton although tiie weather was in-i111 Jcment. The fact of the performance of the armor's promise was a notable one, and the' esult is, a long piece In the Xewbcrry Oh.ierc- i in praise of the honest farmer, Mr. Andrew Mehols. Hundreds of fanners in Abbevillo ' ounty poy their debts up this way, and we vj liink nothing strange about it. We believe II " p noticed af vear or so neo another notable event. An insurance company paid its pollcy in KdjiPfU-l.l. Such acts on the part of in-! to mi ranee companies in Edgefield, is worthy of not loo, and wlton a farmer in Newberry pays js a debt at Prosperity, the fact should also be ('< noted. ! J!j The Xortli Carolina Tenohcr. I j|J, Tlie North Oiro'.ina Trnvhrr is the name of t;i a most excellent magazine which is publish- j ed by Alfred Williams A: CV>., of Raleigh, X. j C.. nt one dollar a year. It contains many li" useful le?snns in school teaching, and gives many valuable hint* in the matter of speak- |n" ing the Knglfch language. The last numlur tin points out a number of mistakes which wo xaakc everyday. Will the Tcachcr no'.vro a j?* ttlc further, and tell us wl.at is mc.ii t by cat > rs. Dr. Jonch"? Docs it mean that Mrs ",v#' < lies i.- a Doctor, or that she is the wife of j.,"t in.tor Jones! vcrr.or H!a;rnnd"s My j;i|ta:)sy for JltO 1*n-< Invrrnnr Ha-rnod. knowim* the aver-1 sion which our farmers have raising liay nri oats ami corn, villi which t>> feed their slock, | ami knowing 1 lie prollt that Is to heilerivetl j I'rom supplying "col ton tots" with I heir horse' letit, ilevolcs ids whole energies to the crow-' in;: of n.-rillliila ur:?s>. :i"tl las! wce|{ i-hippeil j a sample hah' of it to this town for the inwpeo-! tion ol such "eoitontots" as may he utile to j civo security for the purchase of the article. ; When our farmers can put the (iovei nor ot1 the Staff 4o rai>i?;: hay for lliem, they shouiil leel Itoi-on U. It is real gooil of the tiovcrnor to (< '! the Vol'-uitols," while they let their col ti laii'l go t>> srass anil we."its. A RECEIVER ASKED TOR Til-3 FORT ROY- \ AL ROAD. A dill in Ctpvii.v Filed in t!ip I:?!or?' ?! <?l' the Holders of th?' >.t>coii(! >Iorlvri?z?' Ronds of tilt1 Porl Royal ui;i Auxiisla Rnilv.a.v Cojipnity. [. t w/listu Cil'ult , /r. ] i>uite a son>ation has been occasioned in ' raili<i.iil anil commercial circles l?.v a l>ii 1 in ' fniiiiy which has been iil>-?l in thcYlci k's of-1 Ii<. <_* ul the superior court of Richmond c.tuii-| !y. praying t ii:i? a receiver !>? appointed to take charge of I lie afl'ai.s of tin- i'ort 1 toy a I! Augus'a railway company. The lull sets' form some very itU'-ivsting lucls and is| hrcuglit in tlie interest o! ih?; holders of Hie' second mortgage hmdsof I lie I'ort Royal ami j Augusta railway e unpany. Thccompiuinaut | in ilie bill is Major Thomas i\ Rraiich, the j holder of w iriit of the second mortgage ! bonds |"?himself ami sne'.i others as may I unite with I*im. 'J'he following are tl:o grounds of complaint j set forth in the hill: That in lsTs Hie i'ort Royal ami Augusta railway company execute.I and delivered to tlie I'nion Trust compan.v <?f New Vorit, as trustee, a mortgage de d conveyii:g aU the real and personal properly for purposes and trusts tin-rein named. Said mortgage was given lo secure the payment of! Hie principal and interest of two series oil h inds, the fust known as the 1'. U & A., rail-i way company first mortaasie sinking fund | bonds, amounting to s-iyi.au; the second known as tlso 1'. R. iV- A. railway company general mortgage bonds amounting lo^l,*?: ,- j o??)an 1 subject only to the prior lien j?.< ' .; six per cent. Interest was lo he paid o:i these bondsscmi annually out of the net earnings of the company* Tl.e bill n<jxl alleges that despite the terms of thecovcm'.nt Ju-t referred | to, the I', it. and A. raiway company on M iy | is;, lssj, executed a lliird mortgage to William M. Wadlcv. president of the Central rail- j road and bunking compauv, lo secure an is- , sue of bonds amounting to siv.'iiiu, hearing j six percent, and liav lug a provision thai j 11 ? , 1?. I !,? i tr.il railroad and I> inking company a* a sinking fiiml. This mortgage and tne bonds Is sued im.li'r it recite t!i laet tlirit they are suli-. Jeet ami inferior l.? the liens ol the mortgage! made ill 1 -7S. Tin'Mil aileaes Ihnt nt time of making the |; mortgage of l>"s the company was solvent! ami pa.d interc-ton tin; bonds for two vears; till July, l.'S'i, when it made n<> default there-; on, and Iijis sinee failed to pay the interest.!, That now, and at the time o: the making of I the last mortgage in the company was in-ol-j vent. That, notwithstanding, the contract i upon the second mortgage louds provides;] that no interest shall he paid 011 r.ny junior: lien of the company as Joint as any remain due on i he second series. The company has', ivgu:arly paid ihe Interest and sinking* fund j on Hie b-uids und.r t.'ie third mortgage, am nulling to annually to >1>,1 (I, or to I lie J' dale ol tin* bill to S'.T.'l i!i. That holders of the third and last mortgage bonds arc paid their , interest in full, while owners of the prior lien |! are paid not him;. It is alleged that the bonds j j aL'i;relatingi~!.v>,n:'Uaro ou tied by the Central , railro td and al?o u controlling interest in the . l'ort Koyal ami Augusta railway, anil the j president of Central railroad company belt'* also president of the I'ort Koyal company, I. and the {Central railroad company being endorser on the last bonds, has compelled the l'ort Uoy.nl ami Augusta company to pay the interest and sinking fund on the last bonds to . the neglect and damage of the owners of the ! second moricairc bonds. Itjs further nlicgid \ tiiat the Central railroad company hasapar-j. allot competing line Willi Hint of the l'ort i Koyal ami Augusta railway company, with !. interests directly in con.'ilct with those of the ' J latter; that the interest of the Central rail-j! road company in ucstro> ing its rival is vastly | more than the value of the stocks that were ( necessary to be bought to secure the control!- ' ing Interest in the road, and the said lntcrc>tj:, was bought not as an investment but to pre-;' vent its belmt a successful rival and coinpeti-, , lor, and also to itsc the l'ort Koyal and A ugusla railway company in secuning posse-sion I, jf other roads without puitimr the liability 11 in the Central. That in pursiiauco of this lat-1 ler policy, mid contrary to the interests of the I l'ort lloj :.l cotiipiiny. the oUlcets of said coin - j [iany diverted and misapplied SVi/t ?>, or <?lhcr s large sums, in the purchase of a controlling ' i.iteicst in the Augu-.ta and Knoxville rail- [ I road company, and caused a leave to be made jf said last named company to ttie Fort Roy-1 il and Augusta railroad company for ninety-! . nine yeais. The bill alleges tiiat if the money ! . i>aid lor thl< controlling interest in HieAu-j ;ustaand Knoxville road was paid from the , ,iet earnings of the l'ort Koyal road, it. should i , invc been laid over to holders of second . nortgagc bonds, and if the same was taken I' nit of any other property of tne company | J; here was no authority to do so, as the title lb [ he property w -.s in a trustee and the second J" nortjjage bon Iholdcr-: had a lien upon it.! . L'hat the stock of the Augusta and Knoxville oad was worthless as an investment, thcroad icing wholly insolvent at the time. Th.' bill ' v urther alleges that by this pretended lease he l'ort Hoval and Augusta railway com pa-; p 1a is to pay 1 per cent, upon the capital stock i >f the Augusta and Knoxville road, and to ! f, issunie and pay off the principal and Inter- | J st of *!>$>,0.H) of bonds bearing 7 per cent, in- j. crest and having seventeen years to run; an I' mnual charge of jM'i.ijw, and which charge the1'. ssuesand protlts of the Augusta and Kno.x-i', Mile road are insufllecnt to pay. That tile de- j 1 Icieney already amounting to JVUKi'i, or oilier. , anrer sum have been paid by 1'. K. K. Co. out J' if funds thiit. should have been applied to;, laying tiie interest on the sicond mortgage * loads. It Is also tillered that the lease is null ' !nd void, because made in fraud of the rights ;' if the bond holders of the l'ort Koyal load, jj, aid for the benefit of the Central road and at I ts dictation, and said lease was not author- , zed in law or by the charter of the Port Koy- , .1 road, and lias never been rati lied by the _ toclc and bondholders of the company. That! i lie lciuc was made to secure coutrol ofihej, Augusta and Kn?:xvlll?* rmul and prevent its | Jj ;il!in Into tin.' hands of a powerful rival of 11 ho Central road, and the terms of tho lease i ,! nakc the l'ort Koyal r.>a i which derives no lenctlt. whatever from the lease,solely responihle lor the rent. That tho road Is already i e nsolvent ami unable to pay its own debts, is J , luis made to pay tho debts of another com pa-! ? iv, Used'insolvent, and ;i dividend on the;., toek thereof w hile it can pay nothing on its iwn. I ' it Is further alleged that the I'ort Royal audi Vugustn ran road, under lis present manage-1. hent, entered into some pretendeu and i'le-jV ;al partnersntp with the l'ort Uoytil and An- . :n?ta compress company in the purchitso and . export ol 'J,nui) hales of cotton ; that in the!., onrse of sanl transaction, by making nnd { n.lo'.sing notes, sustained a loss of ?l"_',Uili.j ,, fin? hiil alleges also that the Central and All- ^ usta railway company to repny and refund i j0 it large sums of money inferior in lien to j ^ lie claims of the hoUlcis of the second niort- ' :ago honds; and furtner that the controlling | nieicst in the Port Koyal and Augusta rail-|D vay company was secured to le-son and de-|" cat com] et it ion.<111:1 to encourage and pro- . note a monopoly of the business between, lugnsta ami Savannah and more distant N mints,and enable the Central road to eon-; rol the same. '1 hat such has been the etlect1 1 rod need, and that by discrimination in! rcights.or arbitrary requirements, the freight i ias In en diverted from said road and made to [ :o over the Central road, thus enabling it to! cap the protits to which the Port Koyul road ! vere entitled, lint In addition to assuming lie principal and ii.U'ie-t of the ith'Hl,00i? debt: nider the pretended lease the 1'. K. A A. rail-1 ray is made to assume all other debts andj labilities of the A. i\: K. road, among which; s one of 'o the city council ot Angus-1 a for failing to build its depot and workshops n Augusta according to contract, and on vhieli suit has been entered, That tiie conro litm stock in the Augusta and Knoxville oad was purchased In the name of W. (i. tuoul, imlividi.aliy, president both of the \.rt Itoyul ai d Augusta railroad and ofthe;tl 'entral railr >ad and banking company, and i j, ras the benclii of the latter road though the ,[ ease is secured nominal.y to the former. [ ,j It Is further albge<i that since the Central oad has had control of the I'ort lioyal road j, hat the business ol said load has been divert- j| d at Yemassee over the Central road and tho I rharves,docks, elevators and warehuoses oft he former road, creeled at great expense at n 'ort ltoyal, are rendered useless and made to ! (.i >r.?ve a total loss. That it is the object of the 'eatral road to destroy the Port Koyal road!.,' iy heavy burdens and bud management, and j ^ lie holders of the second mortgage bonds ! v fiil never icalizo anything. That the Con-!], ral railroad and banking company, endoi.-er i ? m tho bonds under the third mortgage has, kith the notice ol the Illegality of said pay-j neiits received the interest and sinking fund j t] mder said third mortgage and Is responsible ' t| o the bondholders under the second niort- I( age. | >[ 1 vicw'of the foregoing averments, the coin- a itnnnf iivk is t luiI :i vpi* hi* it mi>i n 1< ?! 1<i ! ' idle charge <>f the atlairs of the J'ort lioyuij<| oad, and alter pay iug the expenses of the;( oad pay over the net earnings to tin: holders ! ? f the second mortgage bonds Ixl'oie any-Ijj hing is paid on said tlurd mortgage bonds.: j, ind before any rent is paid tor 11 c Augusta .1 nd Knoxvilie road or and dividend on the w ;t?.i-U thereof: also, tl at sakl seeonO mortgage1 ( >e lorcclosid tor the bcnctit ol the holders of I i-. lie bonds. Ttint the company be rc'iuired (J r> account f ir such sums ns have been wrong- i .| Lilly d> voted to other purposes than the pay- ,, nent of the interest on st itl second mortgage ! v onds ami for a decree declaring t lie 1< ase ?f!H lie Augusta and Knoxvilie road null audi oi*l. Judge Honey ordered the bill filed and snt>-l[. oenas served upon the defendants to be and ppear at the April term ol court next, to | n nswer to all such matters and things as may j lien and there be objected against them. : tj This is the presefit status of the case and . ^ s hearing at the next term of court will; xeitegrcat interest and lie largely attended. I here is already much tall; upon the streets !, ?Used by the tiling of the bill. | [. - I ii I" HE GAP BETWEEN > HENDERSONVILLE " AND ASHEViLLE TO BE COMPLETED. nl lie Stockholders Decide <? I'ul (he I' I-Iufire Itoud in (iuixl Trim. (O'luiiibia Jlcyislcr.) SrAKTANiiriMJ, S. ('., February 2.?'Tbc.j\ od: holders ol the Spartanburg and A?lie-| Hie Koad held a called meeting here to-day. 's, liey passed a resolution authorizing the l>i ctorsto i^sueS'/tm.l.nn in bonds anil to takei... v?ii?n ?? ? ???* iiitil ronsiirimr thi? nunl. I1 ' Is hi iievcd by all Mint they now mean busi- j ;ss and that the road will soon bo finished. t'Jt.\i:i.!-s 1'KTry. In conncction with the above tho following ?ws item from tiic I)altimore Sun will twain the importance of the meeting held tit lartinburs: ! The pip of twenty-two miles in the Ashe-' <m lie and Spartanburg Kailrond, between |tli endersonvilleand Abbeville. X.is under to iiilract and will beeompleled by the first of jn inc. The gap between Hendersonvllle and'ci shevi'h! compels travelers from the .South in go round bv Charlotte anil Salisbury over l>) io Western Xorth <':iroliiui Itoinl to Ashe- u< lie. TheSpartaiiburz nnd Ashevllle Ko:ul jd controlled by the ICictimond and I>anv!i;e th impany, and. when completed. will open a'tb rough line ironi I.oulsville, Cincinnati and js cap) to Charleston and New Orleans by | fn ,i.v of JCnoxvill-, l'alnt Hook nnd Ashevllle, js id will open up the shortest line to the South th id Northwest through the Alleghany Moun- j j,r ins. | n,< | loi When men?be who they may?enter the one-eyed bby school of tJ>t? '"brother In Mark" am! becouio I eilv zii.Ioii!' in Ihe advocacy of special mtnsun-s to ] ? twain iitcroi-s to t. ncli ami i>r? M?-h. but say n*>thinir I th" hrtvorney of uny similar enterprise to p'Jueatc I ?thon.citiiils of j?c<ir. L'tioraiit nr,>l needy whites in f ^ sSouthern coiintrj-. nil we have to s y Is lh.it, while I tral are wlllini; to ;'iw the neifrocs their li. htsand dues roa hat", shots ami It. n.l -is well ?s In '"education." we ']"> :iiot consent to follow such teachers tudos it he to H i take tl etu hii"1 bant; some American tniubleon the ' Thi lit side of their lien's to balance Off all st the "'nig- car" dicrels" on the other M'le, anil thus give Ihetn u ti-Acad?if i.y u.urc,? CitriMi'.tn Sti'jhlor. ibo I s; ~r." - i\-? TIIE PEOPLE THOROUGHLY AROUSED. Rcttts? I:n|)rc^i>(l with t ho Itiiinoiis" I'rciulit IkiNcriiDiiutlon. l!)!1) Nceh J Keller. * F.lsowhere in lliosccolumns wo present (hoi 1 oliieial report ?>l the railroad ineetinij which I i was Ih-IiI in the court house !:'*! Saturday; it u111. The meetIII;: Was :i lar'/e one? nearly | iill of the tax-payers of the town being present. All the speeches biva'hcd the same necessity fora new railroad, anil with marked j utieniinuy the speakers ami voters ailvocut.'d i and vot"d far I he plan a-* set lorlh in res.dulions. .1 nd jo t'othraii had just returned from a nice:in;; at. A'kcii of llie directors of the t'arolia. < utnbcrhiiid (iap and Chicago llallroid. lie was llrst asked lo speak, and In his speech he elidavoied tn show some theoretical hopeful possibilities for the final sac<vss of that ureal enterprise. which hopeful I o-sibilities were based llpoll contingencies viiich were hase.l upon oilier contingencies. til when he talked of building a ra'Iroad r'r.iin Aiken to line West he got down to lui-luess and talked it in such a way as to Inipre.vshis hearers with his own earnestness s and belief in the necessity and possibility of ' -access, which earnest no s and possibility | were Iviscd ujion actual lignres and tangible 1 possibilities. lie thought, the pi.gau aphor- 1 i.niii, linn m-ivii^.i ...... |'.ii the.r o.vn shoulders to the wheel," might contain a lesson f->r us. We need a railroad am! inu?t have it. There N but one way to get it. and that way Is making the ellort. The iiscri.nliiations in freight against lis, and in favor of Urecnwood, would destroy lliis town as u e uiunercial mart. T!.e building of a new railroad was a nece-sity for our own s.-ll-i r .-serva!inn. If we did not. bill d tills road we would soon lie in I lie condition of the town of K Igctield, the inhabitants thereof h -lug in dreail of Hie removal of the Court House to a railroad station. Tills <1,nicer being somueh iaiptossed upon their minds liiat tiicy keep the present court house fully Insured. 'I'ney heiicve without tlie insurance, in ease of tire. Hie Court llouxo would be 1 taken iror.i Iheni. Greenwood had built Iter railroad with pluck and penitentiary convicts. We should now invite l>uc West, Abbeville, Kdgelield and Aiken, to join us in raising a fund, tlie aggregate of which Charleston should be asked lo duplicate. The S>'ith Carolina Railroad would contribute liberally. Ifwe would tax our property to the amount of H vc per cent, of its ass<s-e l value Hie money thus raised would secure the Kradlnsr. An Knzllsh iron mill company had offered lo furnish the steel rails.ami lake first mortgage bonds of the ro'ul in payment. .ludgeCothran also spoke of the po-sibiiiiy of Charleston making a trade with the Savannah Valley Railroad, to council that road with Aiken. If such should be I lie c s.% Pickens would reach out lor the road, ami the last possibility of our getting a road would begone. Judge Metiowan being called upon said that lie was in hearty sympathy villi tlie proposition to assess our property live per cent, for tlie construction of this road. It was feasible, and a practical necessity. He wa* a strong believer in commencing the work at the lower end of the lino, lie would be willing to compromise on a railroad from Aiken to Due West. He had not much faith In the road that was to run over the bills and Jar away to London in Kentucky. Hut oar need was a connection with Charleston, which would ulve us increased accommodations and lower freights, lit hoped the different towns along Hie line would be willing to tax themselves c to the amount of five per cent, of the value of their property. If they would do so, he won id himself he one to go to Charleston, to ? "make her rattle her old dry bones." We must have the road. Capt. I.. W. White was called upon and J snokn witii o:iriicsliirs?; nrni ontlinsihisin. As ** ii properly-holder ho was willing and anxious to suO:tiit his property to Ihc tax of live per cent. Corn Is now selling In Greenwood at ii"? cents a bushel, when it cos Is an Abbeville meteliant 71 to 72 cents to lay it clown at his store. itacon'is selling at Greenwood at 0,'i . cents, when it costs u->7 cents to lay it down '' in Abbeville. Other goods are proportionate- " |y low. There is no use in denying these f laets, ami there Is no use in denying that oth- *, it fact, if we would preserve our commercial J1 Identity, we must have a l'uilioad?ami Imve !l lt<iuiclv. We need it now. * Mr. lienct had more faith In the final sue- 1; less of the Carolina, Cumberland Gap and *./hieavo lta'.lroad than some others. It was f1 ueriain that we must connect this town n:d line West with other railroads, and ' tvhen,t!io ems reach;I>uo Wesl they would lie ^ taken to llonea Path by the enterprising peo* " ile <il that town, and then Greeuvillc ?.; ivoul.i reach out for it, and after bringim; It " .o her own borders would send it bounding ?ver the I'.luc ltidgc at a grade of sixty-two ' eel per mile. If Abbeville refused to levy ?J lie tax siie would be the "Charleston" of the * ili-coiintry. 11 Cjlonel .1. T. Robertson, wbo has never be- 11 Ore been an enthusiast on the subject of any 11 if the recent railroad enterprises, was fully w ibreast with the most forward of the friends ? if the proposed road to Aiken, lie, like e< ludire Mcfiowan, had no confidence In the a' mildinc of the Cumberland Gap and Chicago tailroad, over the mountains, but a rond Jj] rum here towards the sea is a necessity. Wo J 1 nust have relief from some source, cost what I may. *. Mr. W. 0. Bradley thought the time for r| peaking had pa?scd. We are obliged to build *lie railroad. 1 here Is no possibility of a diference of opinion on this point. cl It was evident that all who had spoken ivcrc thoroughly asreed as to the propriety of " lie movement, but before a test vote was '}' ailed for Jud^e McGowan said that as this rasan unusually large Hireling, at which a t( arg>- per cent, of the property was represented, st iiid as tliis was a ineeiing of vital importance 0 the town, it was hoped that we might have f11 1 full and free conference and an undeserved " xpression of opinion. If there were any per- ni on* i'iv<ent who objected to the proceedings r who had a better plan to oiler, he hoped d' hey would speak out. A correct expression NL if public sentiment was what was wanted. I" General Hemphill thought that it would be roll to guard our bonds, as they might be old. and t.ie money spent in Aiken and the * oad never be built. Imk-eC'iLhran and Judge Mcfiowan satis- r" icd General Hemphill as to his apprehensions ro n that .'core. We needed to eommeiico to ftl ui Id at the foundation. Jty dividing our cn- 8.1 ryics and by working about on different pots of the road in the nasi, wo Keeuieil our "cleat. ir Hie money which had been scatered along Hie rua-.l, It ml been applied to one " ilaee, the ears would now be running on nj nany miles olthe load. We can never build road without commencing at the stariini: lac.-. If t'.io dillercnt towns accede to our " >rop.>s|tion, tin; money will he in hand to rade the road to Due West. There can be no stilure If we make a united c-ll'ort. Capt. J. W. 1'crrin thought that t!ic different owns could well afford to give live i>er cent. " I the value of their property to secure a raili.ad, which would save our property from a {' eprcciatioii of lilty per cent, lie cited the J1; oble example ol the townships along the J! avaimah lilver which had taxed themselves [J i>about the samo amount, and paid the taxes J-1' nest cheerfully?only fjur defaulters along lie whole line of road. Cap!. L. W. White cited-the action of the ity ot Anderson in giving seventy-live P* housand dollars to secure the Savannah ni 'alley liailroad. Surely if a place lilse An- w leison can give seventy-live thousand dol- >( irs, Abbeville can give twenty-ll\c thousnd dollars. ^ .1 inlue t'othran moved that tiie Chairman of 01 bis meeting, W. 11. l'arker, I<. W. White. Rr Joel Smith, Tlios. c. Seal.anil J. S. Ham- f1' iiond be appointed a committee to meet the Ju lie lio ird ol Trade iu Charleston sometime 1,1 rithin the next thirty days. The gentlemen f f tiie committee are: Hot). W. H. l'arker, ,r twyer; Capt. L. W. White, Mr. W. Joel y.' jr.itn, merchants; Mr. Thos. C. Seal, innnu- 11 ictnrer of catriasies, buggies and wagons; K ir. J. K. Hatiiinond, farmer, cotton-weigher, ' * nd Intcndant of ttic town, A more excel nt committee could not have been tip- 1,1 ninted. The <|tiestion was asked: "Why wait thirty ays to go to Charleston? Why not go at ncef' To this Judge Cothran ireplied that {" lajor < revg ot Tennessee, now at the ?ew Orleans Kxposition would not be ack tin I il the expiration of thirty days, {and e had asked a pusipoment of that meeting, s be desired to be present. In deterenec Ci! > that rc?iuest it is proposed to wait thirty . ays. of Capt. M. I,. Honham read an editorial ex- P,' ract from the Wrcenvillc Aeontlrmatorv 1 f.Mr. Beliefs surmises as to tlie probable iial completion of the Carolina, Cumberland nf lap and Chicago Itoad, 11 it ever readied CL' e.ie West. That paper says the Carolina Ildlund is forever dead. 10 m ? -? ' eti Wliat Coiislitnles ."*1 a 111 in ess ? be [Xe wherry Observer.] ,jt The answer would bo something in tlie nn- to lire of Benjamin l-'i an kiln's distinction be- 1 ween orthodoxy and heterodoxy: "Orthooxy is my doxy ;|helcrdoxy is oilier people's soxy." > H. We have been led to this reflection by read- so is I he following item concerning the vote on ic Blair bill in ihe Washington eorrespon- h< erne of the Xcivx anil Omrier: M ' Representative Aiken, who is chairman of be lie educational committee hnving tin: bill in Ai liarge. sat silently in his seat and never tb Used his voice except to volt: with those op- ?1osed to tlie passage of the bill. Ilis iminedi- it; te neighbois, Messrs. Tillmun and Bai'gan, tn oleil with liini. On'.he other hand, .Messrs. In libble, Hemphill, Brutton and Smalls stood p manfully and cast | their votes with the st< lends of education." Wo life at a lo-s to infer any reason why , lereisany more evidence of manliness in le action of Messrs. nibble, Hemphill, Brat- , m and Smalls than in that of Messrs. Aiken, illniau and Dnrgnn. Wc have never heard , ny one of these three Congressmen charged ;; ith bi'lng wanting In manliness. Probably ; ic explanation lies In that of the S'cws and ; wirier and its correspondent agree with tlie osition taken by Messrs. Dibble. Himphill. , ration and Smails-. They voted ''manfully' j eeanse they voted as the correspondent , lought they ought to have voted, and as he ; ould have voted had lie been a member of ongress. But we submit that this is not a ? driest of manliness. If Messrs. Aiken, Till- ...j lan and Dargan voted in accordance with leir convictions of their duty, and there Is o evidence to the contrary, then they also oted "manfully." It would have been very muanfully In them to vote otherwise. ,rl Moreover, Messrs. Aiken, Tillman and I)ar- 11 in are excluded by the correspondent fiorii lelistot Consfressmen who arc '"tlie friends f education." We think tliere is no good ason and nojusiice in this. On thecontrathey are all iriemis of education, though ] lev are not the friends of tills hill. They, no ?,ri uubt, believe, as many others do, that the ?ril iissage of the Blair bill, while giving tem- tir Diary aid ami relief, would in the end crip* tli^ le the educational iirogre.-s of the States. Cln esldes that they believe, as lijany gooil and tot itelligcnt men do, that the bill is unconsti- j.ri. itionnl. If so, they could not vote for It \\\ itliout being irnilty of gross Inconsistency. Wc do not wish to say anything disentitle- SUc is oboul the correspondent; but we cannot chii fraln from saying, that any attempt to imi inihloze" honorable and intelligent men in- i?. tone's own Ideas is not only wrong, but is .iaj vtrcniely vulgar. 1<o?. only so, but In this ; ise. at least, it is perfectly tullle, for Messrs. bill iken, Tillman and liarcan are not ofthe!|;ir; iiinpof ('ongressnieii who trim their sails to ?!?' lit newspaper criticism. Tis, our dellnition of manliness would be: A tyj riet. adherence to what one believes to be sl-v gilt, without regard to the approval or dis-Um proval of others, coupled with a due respect | t ir outers opinions. art! ,m t I t<u lial A Much-Xccdwl C.iiw. con roll Winn*ooro .Acivx and IlcraUl.) .,ri. While the Legislature is making everything crime it might he profitable for it to pass an : tl"1 ct making it n misdemeanor fur the prose-1 am itltig witness In any criminal ease to visit; c'"' le accused in Jail. These visits bode no good i anil i the defendant, and In many instances thoy not ive been known todefeat the ends of justice. 'iinlnaN as a class are exceedingly ignorit; tlieir hopes and fears are alike susecptle of the highest excitement. Many an In- *! iccnt man lias been known to acknowledge mvl mself truii'y at the instance of a hit of con-1 "'I advice from his prosecutor to the effect j at "it will better for you to own up." Ulils ", r always vigorously used against him. and it; v)uenti.v happens that an innocent victim j immolated upon the alter of Justice when i e real ciiininal plies his avocation In tliO|fua' l<te of conscious security. Prosecuting wit-\ sses here make it a rule to vi*it and talk to 'hn e accused as tiiough tliey were "of counsel defence." i1,1,11 verj ' 1 I tiiej lint u Former Abbeville 3Ian Found. [Atlanta Constitution.) j g|1(ll Ir. T. P. Mnzyrfe. Inrincilv of Seneca. S. 0., now but In di?i>atoher of the kichmend and Danville mil- , tunc <1 in Ill's pity, while clearircotit an oM desk a few gooi 'S f>aui(i two iiieees of money Issued by tho yoin to of S?nth Carolina over a hundred years ago. coir. i> tiicceg aie pr illed on paper that looks like rough be w I iioard and across the fn<v is printed in 'urge typo ii'iti announcement that to couatcr.'eit the uieaey will and i [ uuiflud by duatli. j Kin * T!ie Court and Its Work. Tlio February Term of iho Court of General Sessions convened hist. Monday promptly nt cn oeloek. 15. V. Prossly, Judge; ,T. I a Orr, J Solicitor; M. <i. Keiglvr, I'lerk; I- 'i>. Conler, Assistant Clerk : .1. F. C. DuPrc, SliCilII J l>. Wyatt Aiken, jr.,.Stenographer. fiirjun! Jurors Jnr>. IK oidhntn, Foreman, 2ml township. .1.lines W. Fonrhe. 1st township. * .Iol;n J. (jiay, l'>!h township. 1!. (ill'uin, liiiti township. A. KilLs Sr. 'li iI township. S. ii. Cade, 1 'it11 township. 'i'. (Slnarl, t-l township. M. T. i 1 u:cliiiisnn, i:;th township* .1. \V. .Mnttisoii, Itti township. \V. T. M:ll;(iil, Il'IIi township. .1 <>l>It I '('villi, ;ii 11 township, (i. \V. C-ll|illS, Till lOWIIS'.lip. it. C. llrownlcc, litli township, ,ln>. \V. Lesiy, 11:11 township. .1. II. Watson, Pith township. ' ills Honor charged thograiid |nry that they iliould orstani/.e and divide their work ; that hey had charge of all the public interest* of hi* county ; some public oflleers nru required i ?y law to publish their accounts ; it was their * luty to examine into the conduct nf nil pubic olliees; they should see that the County " 'oinniissiotiersad verlive according to law for he lowest, responsible bidders for all pud 1 ic ' Vork ; thai they should examine all trial jus- [ ices" books; if they were not present they ' hould know the reason why; entirely too ' nan.v witnesses are bound over to Court, in 1 rilling eases; often too many witnesses arc 1 worn lo prove imiunterlul facts; this ex- ' iense should be curlalled ; it- Is the duty ol ri;il just ices to see t hat, a witness can give inn- 1 eriai evidence; the bridges and fer Se-i should s >e looked after ; proper and sate tia?s should ie kept at ferries; they should appoint com- ' nlltees from their number to do work beween terms of holding Court; get pay lor ' ucii work. * N'tlt Juror**, Isi Week February ' Term. c K. H. Itiisor, Sr., 1th township. I Leltoy A. Lee, Mh township. J1 I*. II. Klllgll,7th township. I W. C. JSliaw, IStli, township. " (}. A. llarksdale, 2nd township. 1 Jed 1?. Carwile, ~>Mi township. 1 .3. W. (.'hiIds, sr., Hili township* J no. Kii Kilis, Cth township. Theiidore Kennedy, 13th township. Ji. r. Hannah, (ith township. W.C. I truck, i>tli township. T. it. Ittack well, 3rd township. \V. \V. Lawson, 3rd township, I li. M. Moore, 1st township. f C. 11. Vv'anlliiw, 10th township, " A. (*. l'askin, 11th tuwnship. Marion Wilson, (col.,) 11th townslilp. It. A. Itiebey, lUli township. 1 It. L. Williiims, l'Jth township. ' Lewis Itrown,(col.,)llth township. (! A. li. 11.' 11111 j 1 i 11, lllii township. T. C. .Muiuly, iii.li township l'eter Itiebey, (col.,) llth township. .Lis. A. I'artlow, 1st townshin. p Kdwin Calhoun, Mill township, 1 S. J>. Kampey,Kb township. V 15, J. Kprott, 1st township. T. (.J. 1'iiker, loth township. W. \V. ltolaud, 1th township. r tieo. C. (iiavis, llth township. lien Drown, (col.,) Iltii township. K. T. llolloway, petit juror, excused on ne- * mint of sickness. 1 It. W. Lites, excused because < f over nge. .1. A. Lomax, claimed exemption us a drug- V ist?excused. Only thirty-one jurors beinc present, anil xtrn'pnncl of tl ve jurors was oidercd by tlic ; {' 'ourl, to bo driwn from the ".seven mile box" J) [> complete the jury, as follows: John T. Cheat ham, 11'h township. s John J. Jtass. lltli township. " George S. Wilson, lltli town?hlp, 1 Thomas ('. I'errin, 11th township. c Denton \V. Jones, 11th township. The case of the State agaln.-t Kaster Morris, 'raneis ilorrls, and Major Morris, charged , :|th murder, was the lirst called for trial. ' lie following Jurors were sworn : Thomas ('. " 'errlii. foreman, D. 1'. llaiinnh, John 10. Kills, J1 I'. C. Shaw, John T. C'heatharu, J. 0. Mundy, 111 ienton W.Jones, A. 11. Hamlin, Marion Wil-lf j;i, 1\ D. Klngli, George S. Wilson, T. It. v ilncltwell. The Court appointed W. |SI . McUowan, Esq., to defend Kaster. Her," lot tier and lather had employed Colonel K. " ; Gary to defend them. The plea of insanl- a y?nun compoi tncnfii?was set up for Kaster, ] ? nd she was shown to be subject to epileptic ^ Is, and quite an array of learned medical j' xperts werp examined with a view of estab-; * shim; the plea of Insanity: l)rs. G. W. Ab- " ey, Dr. J. W. Wideman, Dr. I.. T. 1III1, Ur. 11 .K.Gary. The Doctors agrtcd that epllcpc tits had the tendency to produce Insanity. ' lie evidence showed that the corpse cf a 1 ll cwborn infant infant had been found in the I? cighborhood of tha parties charged with J "J mrder. That it had been found in a gully, i" here it had been partly covered by the rains | v f the previous ni?bt. Circumstances pointJ to Kaster Morris, the daughter of Krunces s lid Major Morris, as tlie mother of the mur- 0 cred child, ami her mother and father were ., inrged with being aeccssory to the murder. 11 he Jury remained out nearly all of ycsier- {"' ay. Verdict, not guilty as to Major andi" rtiuces Morris. Mistrial, ns to Kaster Mor-j. s. Jrlio will be tried again at the next H nurt. The ease of tlie Slate against J. C. Ferguson, I " largcd wiili murder, was called. The prison-j " was brought Into Court, and arraigned. Cl 'lien asked if ready for trial, his counsel i iked to be allowed until after recess to an- 3" ver that question, which request was grant- 0 1. Injtlie afternoon It was determined to; *,1 t the trial for Friday morning. The case of the Stale against Tcter Wide- tu?n was then called tor trial?his otienre be- lr ig an assault and battery on a good old , . iglibor, named Mike Cuddy. Peter Wide- ' inn invaded the sanctity of Mr. Cuddy's ' welling, by forcing his ohjeetic.liable per- " in in tne midst of his family, there In the rcsenco of ills household, "cursed iiini all i pieces." Mr. Cuddy got his gun to do line Justifiable shooting, but it wouldn't ;oofT." It merely ' snapped." The Intruder, jwever, tlicreupon retreated to a pile of ,r iclss, which lay in the middle of the big Hid near by, where liiu colored troop rallied id made a stand. Cuddy finding that his m was worthless as uu engine of war, new it down, seized nn axe, and charged st 'ideman in h|s stronghold. During the at- n ,ek, Wideman, in imitation of Duvld of o'd, tl lougii he had no sling, made the rocks flv |, his adversiiry, In rapid succession, bu |,i 1th less fatal results. When Cuddy readied j( ic fort with his ax in a business attliude, jj, 'ideman again made a masterly retreat, i if irrying Ills quartermaster and commlssoiy | {f ores ton place of safety. An armistice intediately followed, and the nutter wis.re- p( ncti, |U ! !<; vmui, iin irll'l'lT, 1 III' I ulge explained to Cuddy and I he Jury ttisit! t<: ? had the right to expel Widemau from his dulses by any means at his command; I tl lat the puollc road wa? a convenience for j tc avei, which eouhl not be appropriated for oi ic purpose of settiug up hostile fortlflca- tl ons. The Solicitor oNvned up that the State I ni id not made ojit its case, and the Jury signI a verdict of not uuilty, without rctirmp. ^ The case of the State Hjtalnst I.-uhih McC'op- pi n, charted with stealing live stock. The jet tine of Isaiah McCoppen has become somehat historical In our Court of Sessions, u: :ing and old ollender. lie enlists for a term ? the penitentiary, now and tlieu, always Ci rvesouthis appointment faithfully, with- ti it ever bothering the Governor about n ii irdon,and this charge brings him bael: to ii e court where lie is not a stranger, lie was ul st as generous with his services to the State Lladical times as he is under Democnitlc st lie. in this last instanced'a desire to eon- pi Unite his *crviccs in digging tiie Columbia ,.\ tcli it appeared in evidence that the llev. io annlbai Widemau had a fat pig, and Isaiah to Ing his neighbor, and not. having the fear ri w before loie his eyes, and supposing that T ie coinniandinents which Moses delivered j d ito the Israelites did not apply with erjual'fo rce to negroes, made a feast, at which the I in everend brother's fat hog pay ml the most ;<i msplcuous part. TneJury thought this net d< Isaiah was somewhat reprehensible, and It! h; thought the Courtwill give him a term Itiiiu e penitentiary i Appeals from Trial Just ice Court was heard j c.i rthe court on tliejapcis In the following 01 ,ses: pi I'he State against fieorge Cannon, convicted sc obtaining goods under false pretenses. Ap- bi : ?! sustained. Judgement below reversed, in risoner discharged. A The State against Joe Ihitler came up on v< ipcal* Appeal nbandoued for want of pros- st ullon. Mi 'i he State r.galnst Tim Flnley, convictcd by ln iwcrcourt ol breach of peace. Appeal disIssed. Remanded to Trial Justice for exe- Ft ition of sentence. Hi After the above appeal cases from Court had y,\ ien disposed of the case of the State against gc ihn Moore,charged with arson, was brought trial, before the following Jurors: lc lieorco C.(iraves, John J. Hass, James A. in irtlow, G.III. Wiirdlaw, P. I). Klugh, George bt Wilson, \V. C. Shaw, J. 1). Carwile, Albert of Ilamblin, John T. Cheatham, W. W. I .aw- ? 11, Theodore Kennedy. jy. It appeared that Mr, Frank Arnold's gin iti >use was burnt about Christmas, and John sc oore was thought to he guilty. He had at: ien forbidden to go on the premises of Mr. I ve mold, and It was known that he was there j ui e niirlit the etn lioiisn was ftoKt.rnvi.il *o hud on hand more cotton than the fertil- ] , of his land warranted him in bringing to ' lo nrket. The ca&e will be finished this uioru- wi f* hr 1'he FUate against Isaac Jones, charged \viIH n;( juling live stock, confessed in open Court. j,r t'iiHliiiXM of the <?rain<l Jury. as Hie State against Thomas Gaston, charged;"11 ith burglary anil larceny. True bill. j I'lie State against Katv (.'lilies, charged with j rrying concealed weapons. '1 rue bill. I'lie state against Allen Watson, charged i V,, th nssnultaml battery. .True bill. I Jti I'he State against Kd Wardlaw, charged!^.] th assault and battery on au otlicer. True j il. ut I'ho State against Kd Wardlaw, charged th assault on a girl. No bill. | Jf[ I'lie State against Ilugh (Jihert, charged th assault and battery, and currying con- , i necaled weapons. True bill. ry I'lie State against Klchurd Wash, charged , ' th malicious shoot iug of cow. No bill. - . am l;| ONE MORE PROSPEROUS EDITOR. th ? * lie Increase*! SubscriptionJ'I.lst of Hie I'nioii Times. Compels Hie I'ur- Hi eliase of a l'ower I*ress. JJjj Union Times. mi finding it almost Impossible to get nlorg v.-11b nnr nc sent press facilities arid ofllen conveniences we have ve lered a Prouty Power Prefs ami me having the In- otl lor of our ottiec changed ttr give us more room for til mcchanical department nnil m<-rc pilvury In our tu torial department. Heretofore the work of the cil- bli ' mill printers have been done In one room, often su ntly to the annoyance and inconvenience ?l? both. Ini ; have felt for some years that it was Impossible for tui to do our duty in the editorial department, under 1 :h circumstances, hut were unable to tnnko the | coi Liisrc; nor are wo uMe, tlmmclally, to do so now. Ill) i will itsk the venture, under the hope that wefhall | ha able to improve the paper and thereby at H uet more ty roiiage to it. su U present we cannot promise to onlnrse the Timrx, in) L, it our readers will compare It with many of the gi'i ier papers, they will limt that while we may n?it e as many columns, our reading matter and adver mi nis lire more compact, and generally in smaller e, so that we {.Ivi' ijuite a< miieh of be'li as any eu column paper in the btate?much more tbaii lie of them. Inlikc nearly all the other editors in the State, we t sititflc-hniided In the conduction of the papir?eil- "" r, foreman and business man. All these duties w" 'i' been perlormed liy ourself uIdiic, and :m>i<l the I en istant "clickim.'" of tvpo nml nittliuir of press and ! w" krs. In our younger days we might have donei?-0 tty well in such a nui.-y mixture, tint we are not as | tlllraswe w re forty years ano, and require more f") ie and quiet t<? pcrfoitn our various duties with 't'" eh credit in ourself. With our last press and more venietit office we hope to pet oiit a better looking! MM a more ititerest'ng paper hereafter; and way we ] r"' expect an increase of patronage? M i n, e.\ How lo Keep Ri-crtliitK Marc*. I?1 rood mires are aiming the most profitable animals roil led by tlie farmers,i f they are pond ones, and bred ! wli ;ood horses, otherwise they should not be kept at j I'll While admitting that there are circumstances tin- j "it. which it may be profitable to keep a poor hotse, ft wli tilnly never pays to raise one. A brood mure j I"'l liId be used regularly and kindly until near the | e of her foaling, and generally both she nnd herj'itu will be better for it. Shu should, however, if to j l'Ot i, be well fed, and not lmve too inuehcorn for some I wo1 0 before foaling, two months if possible. Hie j "111 aid be loose at night. and if not usi d. In the day ' liei p nl?i, Marcs In the latter stage of pregnney ore | 'I'll* , liable to be taken with violent pains, mid if looso ' the : will Generally get relief by rolling, etc. I have i eon wn some cases where loss of the coil and of inure,! tier Ited from her struggles when tiid in a stall. I'V P rtly after the birth of the colt, she may be worked lie* not to excess, and she should not be blamed toulhur h if she objects to working at this time, for many tile 1 tempered mares object strongly to leaving their elm up, especially for the llrst few times. When th.i! tiol is from four and a half to six months old, it may \ rest caned. The mare should be carefully attended to, i by I her milk dries up, at this time she will be weak, I wot should be well fed aod kindly treated.?Amcri-. Men jI'jriculluriat. jauci GREEK MEETS GREEK. l. WELL KNOWN LEGISLATOR LAY3 DOWN THE GAUNTLET, AND. A NO LESS DISTINGUISHED EDITOR TAKES IT UP. 'oloncl Siii!?:i1on I>iMf?issps {ho Col1 <>(?<>? Sr. I<o,y?l to (ht> .South <'arolinn I'nivorsity. and is 1:0 I,i<ss I'rlrndly to (lift Denomination:*! Colloffcs". !)r. (?i'i(-r's AI>lo ami Coiiriodiw Rp|il,v, in which the Slr?ii|;'CNt .VrKiiiiicntH arc ltrou^ht out. I ,'olonol SinMiiiton's I.plter to (lie As soclutp Reformed I*r^sl?.ytpi'imik Meesrs. I'Mitors: A copy of your valuable! >aper has been sent to me, and I have rend villi great interest your editorial * * 1 * Will you permit tho Insertion of mother opinion as to Gen'l Hemphill's bill? This bill was not defeated boeuiiseot anynnagonlsm to the Menoininallonnl Colleges, or fom any desire to place the University on ft idler footing than the other Colleges so as lo ] it tract students to it. Tho opposition to his dtl was placed distinctly upon the ground hat It was inconsistent with the provisions >f the Constitution. The 10th Section of the IJth Arllclo cf the Constitution is in the words : "All the public chools,colleges and universities of litis State upportcd in Whole or in part by the public unils shall he free andopen toali the children md youths of the State without regard to ace or color." What is the meaning of the voids, "fiveand open"? Ave they synononous terms, or have I hey distinct meanings ? Itisa rccognlzed canon of constitutional onstriietlon that each word used has an ap-j iropriate meaning; tnat it has been employ-1 >d purposely, with the intent that it should! iave ctl'ect ns part of the law. And there is I mother canon equally well recognized that, inlcss there lie very strong reason to ihe conrary, tho same word is supposed to he used n the same sense wherever it occurs in tho ,'onslltution. Now these two wordsarc used in this same Vrticie more thnn once. In the 3rd Section, 'The General Assembly shall, as soon as pracIcahle after the adoption of the Constitution, irovide for a liberal and unllorm system of roe public schools." There can be no doubt is to the meaning of the term here. So In the llth Section: "The proceeds of nil anils, A-c. * * * shall be faithfully approbated lor the purpose of establishing and naintaining free public schools and for no ither purposes or uses whatever." There onn >e nn doubt as to the meaning of tho word free" hero. So in the -lib Section, providing for compiling attendance: "Provided that no law to hat effcct shall be passed Until a system ot niliHi* unluuik litis I hiil'nilL'hl v fiml ftun. letely organized and facilities afforded to alt !ic inhabitants of tlic Suite for t lie free cdticalon of theirchildren." So also the meaning s clcoj here. Kxamine also Section fi, with regard to the formal School, "which shall he open to all icrsons who may wish to hceome teachers." It was thought, a?id there Is the highest auhorlty In this Suite for the conclusion, that liese words torliadeany charges for tuition n the branches of the University at Coluniia and at Orangeburg. supported as they arc y the public funds. And as the law creating hc<e branches provided that the tuition "fee liould not execed the sum of forty dollars for U blanches taught in either Col I esc (?10I2), he Act was not violate t if no fees at all were barged. But It Is supposed tlmt the practlcc r.t the 'iiadei Is lu conflict with this. The Citadel Academy was made a branch of lie University for obvious reasons, growing lit of our peculiar condition. It Is nil evaion, and perhaps a mistake. The Trustees avc no control over it, are expressly cxciudd from conlrol over It. Hut note the guarded mintage of that Act (ijiOlS), "to re-open the tiid Academy tor the free iidnca'.ion and lalntenancc of as many beneficiary cadets as lie appropriation herein made will allow, nd tlie said Hoard of Visntors may also reel vc tiny pay cadets without expem-o to the late." These hist words save the C'onstitulonal provision. Note also tlie language of itch appropriation bill: ' For the support of lie beneficiary cadets at tlio Citadel Acadeiv. ssywo." There should 1)0 no hostility between the ollcge at Columbia and the other Colleges of lie state. The aim and purpose of the friends f the South Curol.n i College Is to make It an istititt Ion of the first class, at which thcchilren of the State can finish their education rithout going abroad. This can not be done tonce. it will take tmio* Hut each year the Inndard of the College Is rising, and it Will ccupy Hie place proposed for it. Hut whilst these friends of tiie South Caronn College arc endeavoring to achieve these jsults, they have not, and can not have any ostHlty to t? the Denominational Colleges. Indeed the st/ite owes so much to your Col>ge,and NVofl'ord, and Kurnian University. Iiat there can be no room.forsuch hostility 111 lie breast of any thinking man. You kept p and maintained the Miuidilrds of higher iliicntlon in the darkest hours of the Stale. Nor can the South Carolina College Injure on. Your catalogues now show that the pining of that College has not reduced your umbel's. If you will excuse inc for saying i, I honor your own inst itution next to the ollcge whose diploma I hold. Nay, many of ly own kindred revere her as their Alma later. It was founded in tlie most palmy ays of 1 lie South Carolina College to meet a It want. It lias vindicated the wisdom of s fouudertf. Yours rpspoct fully, CUAUI.KS 11. Sl.MONTOX. Charleston, S, C. . -? lie Associate Rcfornieil Prewbyterinil's Reply. Wc accept with pleasure and without rr rvcthe kindly appreciation of the denotr.i atioual Colleges. and litskinc College in paren I u r, which finds expression in Col. Slinon ii"s communication. There lias scarcely een a year in the entire history of Krskine ullegc without a representation from among Is relatives. It would be strange, therefore, this good feeling were not mutual. We beg > assure hlin that it is. We find In his letter these two distinct oints presented: (1) "1-ree tuition" In the University Is not > attract students, (:!) It was adopted and It Is hold to been use le Constitution requires it. The opposition i the measure introduced at the late session r legislation "was placed distinctly upon le ground that ii was Inconsistent with the rovlslons of the Constitution. Tho quotations made do not, to our mind, sttle the question that tuition is perpetually rohlbitcd. It is not lor us to explain the ininsistencies of the Constitution, but It the ords "free and open" arc a chiar and perpeti! prohibition of tuition charges, how arc e to understand the law, framed under the nnslitutlon, which provides that "tho tutiiii lee should not exceed forty dollars?" ocs not this provision clearly allow tuition? ' it docs not mean this it means nothing at 1 to us. Again, wc confess our inability to underaiid how the "guarded language" of the act rovltling for the re-opening of tiie Citadel cadcmy "saves the constitutional provisin." The simple facts, disentangled of all 'chnicalitics, are these: (1) The Citadel I* coenized as a brunch of the University, (2) uition less arf required of all, except- Benetiary cadets. Now is thero not good reason rasking, if tuition can be legally charged i one branch of the University, why not in lother? What is the process of legal Kger. niain which makes it right to do lu ( liars-ton that which is so clearly wrong lu Coimbia. If h bo said that It is an "evasion," then we m understand that; but that jnst raises an- : her pertinent question. If a constitutional ! l/.n nn<l e 11 /> I/ \ i ?i?t r/m _ i ins, be "evaded'' fn tlio management of the 1 ranch In Charleston, why not also In the anagemeut of tlie branch In Columbia? : nil now, iny dear sir, this brings us to the . ry core and marrow of this question. We and face to face with it in its sharpest outnes in the very concession you so lrnnkiy akc In reference to the Citadel. \Ve ask, what becomes of these strict conruction views of the Constitution when, in le Judgment of our legislators, there Is a iblicnecessity for larger liberty? Let us e. When It Is said, "All the public schools, Colges and Universities of this State supported whole or in part by the public funds Shall free and open to all theehildren and youths the State without regard to race or color," ho douhts what was Hie meaning of the irners of that actlclc? Kead in the light of < history, it requires that these public hools and colleges shall be mixed, white id black. And as a matter of fact the L'ni rsliy at Columbia was a nej-rn school, when uler the management of the framcrs of thai institution. How does the Legislation meet this provlsn? It meets it by an "evasion,"'an evasion liicli the framcrs ol that Constitution would tve trampled under their feet with indigint scorn. A private school, established by ivate benefaction at Orangeburg is selected the department "open" to colored students id made a branch ot the University. Let us y here, and say with emphasis, that we are ?t criticising this evasion. We have no itibt of the wisdom of the measure. Every nslderation of public policy Justified it. it the fact, the signitieaiit fuel is that a conitutionai provision must not stand in the ly of sound reason and the public good. So e Legislature felt and so it acted. Still asrftin, there is a constitutional provls11 which required that the census ol this :ite should be taken during the next year, ic provision is clear, explicit, and undlsput. l>id strict construction views stand in the i.v of public expediency here? Did a Leuislure, which was so imperiously bound by its nstituiioual obligations in reterence to the llversity, hesitate in its open disregard of e provision referred to? 1 trow not. S'ow, honored sir, the question wltii which ; close, and which we put with deep earnestss, is, Why Is it, we beseech you, why is it at there is an "open and shut'' policy with rerenco to constitutional provisions In cerIn particulars, particulars, too, which do it Involve so much of sound reason and fiiirss, and yet when It Is asked that the Unlrslty be placed on an equal footing with the lier Colleges of the state in the matter of it Ion, theanswer comes back, "the Constlllon forbids it." \S by Is it that tliu invlola> sanctity of tills instrument then becomes prcmcly mumlatory ? Why must it tiien be terprelcd in all its strictness and exactiile ? A'hen a measure which looks to a generous nsideration of those who stood by the state "her darkest hours," and battled, singlended, against the serried Ills of war, poverand the" paralysisof political misrule, when I'll n measure i> presented ii is ovcrwucim- .'ly defeated. Is it solely on Constitutional ' uuiiUs? h *' ' " o Tribute lo Charleston. [ficucca Free 7V?m.] s *n<lor the above caption tlie Abbeville Pres.* ' it Jlannrr of last week takes exceptions to! w nc remarks wc made weeks ago, in refer-1 tl ec to the proprosed .Midland Railroad which | If is chartered at. the recent session of our Mj gislnture and then proceeds toglvo us and 'a country cousins who may be disposed to! 1 i* a kind word for Charleston a sharp little | T lure, upon tho dangers of following the ! In dates of the Xnr.Kiiitl 0>i:ri''r. lint for the d< ious tone w hich pervades the article of our t' ich esteemed neighbor we would be In- j M ned to regard It as altogether Ironicle and'ai jest. In saying what we did, we were only ! ci [ircsslng the views we have always enter-I Tl nod and advocated in respect to the rail- si ul system in our State and wc fail to see erein we were paying more tribute to nrleslon than to t'oiunibla, Greenville or V of the other towns through which or to Ich the proposed railroad Is to run. The Icy of the able editor of the J'rc.ts iinil I'.anmay build up over South Carolina a large ?f ruber of small towns and he of some teni-! wry advantage, while the system we favor ulti not only do this, but build up rapidly ' '* commercial cities and add to the perma- | M it wealth and prosperity of our State. J'? i building of the Alr-I.isie, It is true made j 'j' town ot Seneca a practicability, but tbej^" iplellon of the Blue Ridge would haveren-; ed an up-country commercial city a! least ril ossibilily. We are not of those who bce that coi'iorations, like kings, can do no in and then fore, regard the policy which 1'rcxx and Jlttinicr advocates of granting a rtcr to every eorpo'.ation making applica- I i, u very daneerous one. it would likely sn lit not only in destroying all competition on opening tho wny of combination, but em ild semi cmr people lo conrls outside In- sin d of our own, for tin; redress of all griev-i I'd L's which might be imposed upou thciu. j Mi __, PROFITABLE COTTON RAISING. The Fiirnian Forntiila Again. (Raleigh Ncwn and JTcraht.) V.'c liiivo been interested In the results of a coinpetetUI vc trial In profitable cotton raising in Georgia, as recorded by tho Atlanta Qiiix.'iliifion. Seventy-live planters jmrtielpated in tlie trial. A fertilizer company In I lie state liiid oll'ered S-tOG in gulcl lor the best yield of cotton made on ground enriched with their fertilizer, and four Jersey Itulls for the best yield produced by clubs. The highest yield was I ,:!!"> pounds of lint cotton to the acre, or three and onc-hal f bales of r>0 pounds, or a bale to the acre. The average of the seventy-five fiirmcrs was771 pounds, or nearly two bales to the acre. To secure this, they u?cd an average of poundsof tiie fertilizer, which cost SI. Tho cotton brought SiilMiti. leaving a net profit of -11.12 to the acre, the cotton seed nearly paying for the cultivation. "At a bale to the acre above the cost of the fertilizer, any fanner can gut rich," says the Cwstilulion, and the seventy-five made more than that average. Tiie returns from the Stale of Georgia show tluit on an average three and a half acres were required to produce a bale, or seven acres, under the old method, to secure what the new method produced from one acre a dcmousMtlon of the profits of "Improved farming" which will not be lost on the planters of the cotton belt. The corn premiums produced results equally gratifying. There were sixteen contestants, and the yield was eigluy-one bushels to the acre, tho first, premium being taken with \W/. bushels. The Interest. In these contests, ami uieir Murct-s* |iru\u turn. me .->ouinern planters areabandoning the loose, old plantation methods, nnd nre beginning to sec the profit anil comfort lit smi'll farms well tilled. In this connection we have thought It well to reproduce the Furman Formula which wo printed last year nnd the year before, with decidcd benefit, we have understood,to many of the farmers of the State. It Is given below : "When I determined to go farmlnsr, five years ago." said Mr. Funnan, "I saw that It would not do to farm In the old way. I saw farmers around me netting poorer every day, though I liny worked like sluve.s I ?aw thein starving their land so that each year the yield was .scantier ami theirfarms loss valuable. 1 saw that It was still the plough following the axe, and that as fast as the tanner starve cut a niece of land lie cleared out a new plcee. \\ orse than all, I saw that my own land rented to small farmers Was 35 i>er ccnt. Poorer nml Iosx Vnl<nalilc than it was a few years ago, nnd that It would soon cense to pay me the rent. I knew that C4eorgla wis blest with the best conditions of season and soil, and that if properly treated it would yield large results. "I therefore selected sixty-five acres of the poorest land I had and went to work. The first consideration was to enrich the soil. To do this,there Is but one way, to feed, and give it more food than the crops took from It, and above all, to give it proper food. 1 knew that certain phosphatlc manures stimulated the soil so that It pioduoed heavy crops for a while and I hen fell oil'. I wanted none of these. 1 did not believe In soil analysis. That was not exact enough. "What I wanted was to know exactly what a perfect cotton plant took from the soil. That ascertained, then to restore to the soil exactly those elements In larger quantities than the crop had abstracted therefrom. This Is the basis of intensive farming, and it will a'ways glvc'^lauil that Is richer year after year. I had a cotton plant, analyzed nnd found that I needed eight elements in my manure, of which commercial fertilizers only furnished three and the soil only one. I therefore determined to buy chemicals and mix tit em with humus, much-decayed leaves, stable manure and cotton seed, till I had secured /.vn/.!lv uOitl! ll'fiu nr?ll..lt T ,li,l <1.1,1 ,.1 last produced i\ perfcet compost for cotton. I then ascertained ti nt my crop of eight bales had taken out of encli nere of my land ns much of the coiistltuteiits of cotton ns was held In 2.7) pounds of my compost on each acre, restoring double what the crop nf the yearbotorc hnd taken out. The result wns| that I made four bales extra. I then restored double what the twelve bales had1 taken out and tnado twenty-three bales. I doubled the restorative the next year and got forty-seven l ales. I doubled again, and that year had at least eighty bales. "The manure cost mo SMO a thousand poum's. The tlrst year I put ">00 pounds to the ncre?cost 91.80an acre, or 8111, for sixty acres. Hut my crop rose from eight to twelve bales, the extra four bales giving me 8JW, surplus, or Ssl net on my manure. Next year my manure (1,000 pounds to the acre) costWW; but my crop Increased to twentythree hales from eight on unmanured land. These extra bales give me j7.V), or net a profit on manure of $.">1(1. The next year I uscu 2,OU0 n iiinds per acre, at a cost of 57.25 an acre, or 5171 for total. Ilut my crop went Irom eight to forty-seven bales, giving an increased income of SI,500. This year I used 4,000 pounds on an acre, costing 5M.50, orSiW2 for the total manure. Hut my crop Isat least eighty bales with this manure, where it was eight without.} This increase of seventy-two bales is worth I Si.iiOO. Deduct cost of manure, S'.WO, and we 1 haveS2,0"i0 as the profit on use of manure." 'And then the land is so much richer. "Certainly. Jt Is worth 5100 an acre where It was formerly worth 5-J.. You must credit! the manure with this. ' I shall double my manuring next year, put-j ting#,000tothenci'O. I believe I will eet loO* bales from the sixty-live acres. I hope to' push it up to three bales per acre. I have a| few acres on which 1 put 10,000 pounds of compost as an experiment, and every aero of it will give me three bales this year. The Formula Tor Hip Ooirijtost. "Here Is my formula: That thirty bushels] of well-rotted stable manure or well rotted organic matter, as leaves. Inches thick upon) a pleec of ground so situated that valor will not stand on It, but shed off In every direction. The thirty bushels will weiuli nine hundred pounds; take two hundred pounds of good phosphate, which cost SJ2.50 per ton, delivered, making the 200 pound'! cost 2.25, and 1?X) pounds of kalnit, which cost me liyj I lie ton 611, de'l veded, or 70 cents for UK), pounds, anil mix I lie acid phosphate audj Kalnit throujshly, then scatter evenly on tliei manure. Take next thirty bushelsgreen cot*! ton seed and distribute evenly over the pile,! and wet them thoroughly: they will weigh nine hundred pounds; take again two hun-i dred pounds neiil phosphate and one hundred j pounds kalnit, mix and spread over the seed, j being on the nvmnrc and keep on in this way, i building up your heap layer by layer until j you set it as lil-ih a< eonvenlenf, then eovj-rj with six Inches of rich earth from fenee con-; ner*, and lea\c at least a week ; when ready lo haul to the Held, cut with a spade or plek-i axe square down and mix throughly. Now, we have thirty bushels of manure weighing nine hundred pounds, and three hundreds pounds chemicals in tiietirst layer, and thirty bushels cotton seed, welching nine hundred pounds, ami three hundred pounds of chemicals in the second layer, and these two layers combined for tlie perfect compost. You perceive that the weight is 2,too pounds. Value at cost Is; bushels cotton seed a 12'/f cts St".". too pounds acid phosphate 4.r?o j fill pounds kalnit 1.40: stable manure nominal | ' This mixture makes practically a perfect! manure for cotton and a splendid application | f rcoru. It restores to the soil everything that the cotton took from It, except silica,' which Is In the soil in inexhaustible quantl-l ties. So that when von put in a larger quail-! tity of these than the cotton took out, your soil is evidently richer. I've shown you the money profit in manure. I ve shown you the! added value to the land. There are many!1 other advantages. You make yo.ir crop! quicker and wilh less danger. I made last! year, mark this, forty-seven bales on sixtylive acres in three months and five days. It was planted on June 5th, and the caltnrplller finished it (in September 10th. I showed tliei1 usricultura! society a stalk live feet high with ' 1-jii bolls by actual count on it. The seed from ivlii<!h this nlunt urow. was planted lust fltt.v- I ninedays before. Cotton grown this way can 11 be picked with half tlic cost-ami time of ordl-1 nary cotton. On my cotton land this year I]1 raised 100 bushels of oats to the acre, and after i clcnjlng oil' the stutible, I planted tlie cotton, j1 onesiallt of which I showed tlie convention." ' "One Is not to drop the cotton s?-ed in a con- 1 Millions row. hut simply to put a few seed in 1 the hilt where you want a plant. Uy strew- ' Ing the seed In a sprinkled row there Is a ! ?rcat waste. A cotton seed is like an esg, 1 when n chick is horn there Is nothing left but 1 the shell. When the seed is sprouted theje is 1 nothing but tlie shell left. The fertilizing 1 power of this seed is lost. Worse than t his it 1 lraws from the soil the very elements that!1 make Itcrow. it Is left to deplete the soil!1 In this way for two weeks nt least, and is then i: chopped down, leaving only one of the twen- I ty plants to grow to fruitage. My plan Is toil plant four or live seed In a hill. The hills to |' itnnd In four feet squares, of these, I would <1 .ft two plants to the hill grow to perfeetion.it It takes from two to four bushels of seed to) i>lnnt an acre in the old way. Ity my plan a ;' jeck to the acre Is enough, and the soli is not!' irawn to support a multitude of surplus]' ilants for two or three weeks. Planting iiii? bur-foot squares is better than tlie old way. : "Cotton is a sun plant and needs room for I Is roots. When cramped to twelve or fifteen |' nches it cannot attain its perfect growth.) I My aim is to put the plants together In four}' bot squares, and average 75 to l.iO bolls to the f ' jlant. This will give me a pound of seed cot-IJ on to a plant, or three bales to the acre. "I never touch It with a hoe. The growth of I' jotton comes from the spreading filaments 11 hat reach out from the root to feed it. Ifj1 liesearc destroyed, the growth stops until jt hey arc restored. I am satisfied that three;'! loeings lost nie eighteen days of growth, orj iix days each. 1 run a shallow plow along1'' he cotton rows and never go deep enouirh to | i ml the roots, l.ut there are more details in;' vhich men may difl'er. The main thing Is the j1 ntenslvesystem of manuring and the hus-|t landing ol all the droppings and wastago of,| lie farm for compost. I can tako one hun-ir I rod acres of land in fleorjjia, and at a ration- t il cost can bring its production from a sixth 11* if a bale to three hales an aero In live years, jr Uiv man can do i t." | li "My talon ts arc adopt I ns t he In tensi vc pin n,! v iiid are very much encouraged. Some fewje iclghbors are usiinr my formula. I have sent ]?' ...i I wiK.i./icn flvn liiimlrxil tiirimiliiu fur rvim- i t lostinir. The spcech I m;ui<5 before tiio ngri- c ul I lira I association created more exci ten?cn t j < < ban atii thinir fur years. The members tlicl {?> lot relish my statements. saw plainly. They j t: ent K. <i. Greer, the secretary, to Millcdgc-1? >1 lie lo sec my crops and verify my state- i t> nei11. lie is to-ilay the most enthusiastic i 1! nan in Georgia over the cys!em I am wurk-jtl us on. 'I "You understand," added .Mr, Furmnn, In n onclURion, "that I linve no possible interest I a n this matter outside of my crops. I have , b id receipt to sell, no phosphates, no fancy ( n ei'd, no land. What I have done has been b*itli common seed on poor land, with cheap! " uanure, and any man, without price or pur- j o hase, can do what I have done. 1 am satis- li ied to make my money out of the ground; I i f< rant none from my fellow-farmers. I ? "The tli ft) cutty with us all Is that we trv to p irin too much land. I'm good for SI,'WO with ' j> wo mules and slxt.v-llveacres. Next year I'll j n eat this. In the meantime, I am 'bringing j |> p' twenty live acres. I never want over one *i undred acres These I will cultivate with li liree mules, and I'll make bales of cotton ii n them, besides all the corn and oats I need, n "I nin ailxions," lie said, "to see my plan ? dopted. If it is done we shall have the best; u tate In tiic world. Why look nt France.j tl ler recuperative power is the wonder of the i tl orld. And what is it. based on? Simply I tl liat she can rnise two crops?one of those ajol i n t i I crop?In otic season. ISut In middle'in teorglii I can raise three crops per season on ! ill piece of land and leave it richer than when I tl started, viz: oats, cotton or corn and peas. I <1> here is nothing like It. (Jive me 10" acres of;ai ind like the sixty-five that I own now, and I [ fu on't want an orange grove, or a factory, or a ; li uck farm, or anytiilng else. I can live on i fa m acres of Georgia scrub land like a king,! It nd lay up money every year. Any Georgian j tli in have this in tive years if he wants it. j lei lie rule I have followed will biing it junt as w irely as ttiu sun brings heat and light." un . _ in is All ASionril lor Xeiv Orleans. [lifirnwrll J'vojitt'.] |j' If. has been suggested to us that the editors nr this State should attend I lie New Orleans it.| \posu 1011 in n oouy, mo i>enciiieis carrying |?, n'ir wives and the bachelors chaperoning ' t,r eir sweethearts. What have Col. Crewsand i ?i ajors MeSwccny ami Toilil to.say about eon- j'i'1, >riliijr tl?c usual prosaic meeting of tlu* Stale Va ess Association Into a lively April excur-' v? >11. The I'fnnh: will send a .substitute. Tlio|0f lilroaiis woiilil no doubt luako satisfactory ] tin tcs. I,"* I tig-ton A'iii'kiI. uii' [ farinyton J'ixjwtch.] ! dany of our exchange-* are brairding on Hie | sal I nuniljer of tracts of land 011 their dclln- j I cut lists. Lexington is ahead of all other 1 tliv unties lu the State. She has only four?and i "11 i> would not. have these If 11ns taxes had; wit i<n palil. They will he sold on the first i the jtiday ill February, I pm 4 Thought* for the Month. i (Southern Cultivator.) "Wltli the new year comes the birth of new hopes and expectations. If Providence has not smiled upon cur Inh'trs in tlie past, we encourage the belief that the days of dark lies* have gone anil that sunshine anil shower* awnll 1:*. "Hope springs eternal in tiie hitman breast." Faith lift* us above disasters unci failnre?, and wllh ivnewtd purpose anil mercy we beei 11 to work for anoiher year. Willi Mich fevlngs we greet our rentiers nt Ihe threshold of the new" yew. anil whatever o* aid and encouragement we can bring shall freely given. The lust two years have not brought plentoous liarvests in our Southern land?nnnsnal drouths and exceptional cold Imve Cut short the expectations of the Tanner, and the embarrassment? of an empty or light foeketconfronts hi 111 when planning for nnother crop. 1 Is perfectly obvious that he must practice the strictest economy. This means, flrst of all, tlyt there shall bo no waste of any kind, either of material or ?f force. No feeding ?f unnecessary or superfluous , jnimals, and the proper varying of f *> ! rations when stock Is at rest and when at work. When nt rest an animal rannot appropriate the svM amount of food is it can when nt haul work, and yet bow often the same number of ears of corn are fil each day, regardless of rest or work on Ihe part of the animal. Not inly does such excess off-mil produce no good, but it actually does harm, by throwing unnecessary work on the kidneys and other excretory organs. A horsn heavily worked requires half as much more food than one at rest, or very lightly worked. Such are tho ligttre# of the experiment station where the mat cer nas neon mint accnrateiy tested. A ri uitriil source of waste in must of fnrm stable* Is to be found in the practice of placing long forage before animals In Mich sbapo that the animal cannot readily bite otl'a mouthful, and Its in efforts to do so, often treads It under foot, with consequent soiling and rejection as food. Hardly anything of equal cost pays hotter on a farm than a good forage cutter. It Is decidedly cheaper to buy a cutler and economize forage than to waste the hitter and purchase more in shape of Northern hay. Again it Is well known tint oats, rye, Karley and wheat straws ore not much relished by stock; they pick over them a little anl waste most of them'under foot, if they are uncut and unmunipulated. And yet It his been most fully demonstrated that when properly cut up and mixed with ground grata in proper proportion'1, straw is readily eaten by stock and is a most excellent furasc. True economy therefore Inv-dvcs not only no excessive rations, no waste from improper mechanical condition, but also proper combinations which shall render articles ordinarily unpa'atable, both palatable and nutritious. Let us look after these points now, that our supplies may hold out and the necessity of purchasing slock feed lu not forced upon un before the next crop U mado.. Cut wu shall be called iijmn to study economy also in many other matters. One of the most important of these, and one requiring luimcdiatcattention, is the matter of labor. '1 here is no qaestson, whatever, that loo much labor is expended on our farms. The profits arising from labor aie obviously proportioned lo the ferlilty or productiveness ofthe soil upon which It is spent. Land tniy be so poor that the crop it yields will not pay lor the labor cultivating It,'and yet oblivious to this fact, hundreds and thousands of acres are cultivated by us every year. Nothing could be more wasteful. Perhaps the average uplands of the cotton bvdi have natural fertility sniHcient to pay for the labor of cultivation, when In corn and cotton anil a little in the shape ot profit.-*. But the margin of profit is very small and unprnplthnts s-asuns w|p* out this margin entirely. The realisation of this fact, not to its full, but to some, extent, tins brought about so large a consumption of commercial fertilizers. Observe it Is a question between labor aad manure. If a farmer has a certain amount of money or credit to spend on a crop, how much shall be expended for labor, how much for manure. It is a Very nice question. The proper adjustment varies with clicuinstances, and calls for very sound judgement. To bring the matter clearly beiore the mind, les us suppose a case. If two hands can ?ultivate, cay twenty acres In cotton, land unmanured, yielding five hundred poinds of seed cotton, and three hundred pounds of fertilizers par acre will Increase the yield to one thousand pounds of seed cotton per acr.??just double ?the economy or profit of the matter turns upon the relative cost of lab ir and manure, for if one hand, with the alii of mannre can make on ten acres the samo amount, which two hands can on twenty acres and the manure anil its application cost less than the wages of the sesond bat il, the difference goes to the side of profit. So does the decreased horse-power, and the decreased wear and tear of plows. Now a hand costs from $120 to $100 ayearand 3,000 pounds of fertilizers (ten acres at three hundred noumU ner ncre)cin ba had anywhere fur sixty-live dollars or I.-mS. In snch a case, msnure would obviously be cheaper than labor Mid might bo very profitably substituted f?r it. Similar calculations may be made for lands of other degrees of natural fertility and for other Increment.'! for production. Wo have thoroughly satisfied ourselves that a much greater substitution of may be profitably made than is now practiced. As often stated In these columns, very largo applications of commercial manures cannot be profitably made tn poor lands all nt once. The presence of a supply of fiumus and a deeply broken soil mnst precede the profitable use of largequantities of cheuitcal fertilizers. Sound judgement must be exercised about the matter, but we are discussing it now In the light of general farm policy. Labor, under prcsrnt condition, pays less than any other outlay on the farm. Rut, says one, the policy suggested limits cultivation to Mn >11 quantities of I ind bo utilized. For the prcsect we should fay. by seeding them down In small endn; we will no) say (trass, because they are too poor to bring good growth of cultivated grasses. The yield of grain may ho small, but the oxpenso of seeding down and harvesting may be made commenstirab'y small. Implements, like gang plows, the the dire harrow, or tho screw pulverizer, with attachment for sowing grain, can, with one man and two to four horses, put In eight or ten acres a day and a reaper make equally slmrt work at harvest. We know our people nru rather distrustful of what are termed ' improved implements," doubling their adaption to our I itids and labor. The trouble is that very few qave had an oppurtr.nity of seeing them at work; they know very little about llietn and Ignorance always begets doubt. We need experimental farms all over the country at which such implements may be fairly tested and surrounding faimers given an opportunity to fumlliarlzo themselves with them. In this connection, li is tno*t gratifying to noto that a syndicate of farmers has been forimd in Thomas county, Ga, which proposes to establish Just such a farm; one on which Intensive ctiltivati n, Improved meth oils and improved iiupllmcnts shall be fairly and fullv tested. Instead of coining to the legislature for aici they propose t-> pay Ih'.lr own way, and wo commend their example, both as to design and method, to farmers generally. Nothing so paralyzes the energies and manhood of a people as the cultivation of a feeling of perpetnal dependence upon the government. The next thing we urge upon th-? attention of onr f-irmors Is the facing, fairly and ?quarely, the difficulties which lie beforo them In makings crop. Foremost among these ar" those which grow out of climate. Extremes of heat and cold, of drouth and flood are chnracterlstlc to our climate. No one can reasonably hope for rain nun shrshine to come just as he wants tbcm, or that springs shall always be early and frosts of autumn late, lie must expect cold and Wet to confront him in tho spring, anil drouth anil heat to test the endurance of bis crops In summer; and if lie is a wise man ho will arrange all Ids nlan3 to meet them. If bis lands arc rolling, be will expect the heavy ruins of late winter and early spring to wash them, lie neither slumbers nor sleops, but Is ever planning, ever watchful anil vigHmit. He resolves that his part shall he fully done; after that the rest may be left to Providence. It may be well to glance at some of the above points at tills time; liecause If attended to It must be done pretty soon. The breaking and bedding of land? which is usually done within the next three months ?makes it particularly liable to wash from heavy rains' This may be prevented in part by hlllslde ditches, by Iwrlzontai strips left nnplowed; or else thrown up In a high bed with its center not broken, us i? tile caso in what ii called "terracing." Whore Ian.1 is iptite rolling and washe* have fairl/ started, it is beat to begin with ft few ditches. Tin-so should bo ?c located as In pus* as near us {xissible through the heads of the washes. If there is u ivatcr-slted of hard surface above the cultivated lad. a ditch should he, nude to receive tho water Irotn it before it strikes the plowed land. Tills is very important, as a moment's reflection will show. A wooded slope, or n grass or small grain Held above, will discharge largo quantities of wa'er on a field In-low them. Whatever ditches arc made should bo large, with capacity to carry olf the water from heaviest rains, and with strong, broad dams which will not bo washed away by an overflow. Along the upper side of the ditch a strip four of live feet wide, should bo left utiplowe.il, that the weeds and and grass upon it may check mill.>w of water from above and sift out of it the soil It may be carrying down the hill. A double good is thereby secured, the foil i? saved and the ditch Is not lilled tip by dirt from above which causes most ditches to break over, l'low out ditches with hillside plow. The dirt being thrown down the hill all the time, a wide, open furrow will bo left at the top, and n V-shaped Implimcnt rnti In it will open a pretty good ditch. HiIMde ditches can thus bo made with little labor; anil if no root--, stumps or rocks be present. neither hoe nor shovel will be called for. At the same time the ditches are made hortzontal strips should be laid off ail over the land. These should be, say four feet wide, and never touched by i plow. The object of not plowing is ^twofold. First, to have a hard, Brm strip through which water cannot cut Its way readily, Pecondly. to leave the ,'rass and weeds upon it as a Alter or sive, to catch the washing soil from above* Where these strips iross w.tshes or gullies, put in rocks or brush; anything which wili otcli ulrt and stirt a soil for weeds lo spring up in. A consequence of above arrangement, wTilcliis of the greatest Importance, Is that these strips serve as permanent guides by which the ro*? inny be laid off oil a level. The hotlzontnllslng of rows Is at tee foundation of any system for preserving land; and if the strips serve no littler purpose than as guides we should heartily commend .bcm to tho render. Especially on rented farms, or :h?ae to which the owner cannot give pereo-.al atten;ton, Is such an arrangement ol greatest value. Another arrangement for preventing washes, which ive have foitnil quit! useful Is?instead ol broadcast >reaking to bed up land at once?not l?ylng off a fur ow to bed dii, but throwing list mi a hard, unbroken itrlp. Afterwards, towards planting time, I he boils ire rcverai-il and these unbroken ?tij-s are then broken 11 plowing out thu mid-lies. Although not broken, ye Imve found them In the spring softer than Ihat nrt ]>f the land which hud been broken before. I'hese unbroken strips under each bed, by their firinleks of texture, check any washing which may begin, list us the miplnwed strips above spoken of do. This dan also permits of tlie deepest and most thorough ii enking of the land under the center of what is to ! c ho permanent bed, and ficilitics greatly the putting if fertilizers deep in the eidi, where they will M-yond he icacn of grass ano will keep damp and soluble In Uy weather. To secure warmili and dryness in early spring, un- 1 lor draining is by far the most effectual means, but It s too expensive to be recommended until a greatly ' n*?re intensive system of cultivation is ndoptid. Vh.m an acre ot land is made to yield two or three , iiindred dollars'ivorrh sf produce. It may do to exn-iu-fifty dollars on it for undr drains; but an acre inducing fifteen or twenty dollars1 w--rth iff produce nuld hardly near such an expenditure. Tnrowlng vol into high beds ?i:l make it b-'tli dry otT more apidly and warm nil sootier In the spring. Of course ligli beds increase tlie danger of washing in hilly reions, and one has ill such case lo make a choice of vils; in ierel or slsghtly roiling lands high be<l9 are very wuy desirable. They can be reduced down at iuie of planting; or if one beds first instead of broad- | ast breaking, be can in reversing make as low a bed | she desires, j-omc soil* are naturally warmer than tilers; stiff clay land takes longer to warm up than hat which Is light and sandy. Due can, therefore, by electing soil and by planting on on southern exosiires,"start a crop off more promptly in tie: spring, j' lottom lands may be made to dry off sooner by cut- i . Ing ff the llow of water Irotn the adjacent hills upon | hem. iVhcn this is not d no the valley lands get ot only their own share of rainfall, but It may be, in ibiition, many times more than their share from the i ills on each side; and of necessity must tuke that inch longer to dry off. Krotn these general, though most important topic?, ,-o turn to some specific W'-rk which demands pre-ent J [ilisidcrntion. In former articles we have advised I , i the main, against the fall plowing of land intended J ir summer crops. One of the princulal objections ' as that tne vegetable matter plowed under decom- j * oseil quite rapidly at that season., and the valuable p r.,.litem ill deeiiioiiDsiliiin?nolablv eotiiMMinds of linden?were liable to be lost by leacliinir. At the I resent time this objection holds to a very much nailer degree. The mean temperature of the soil | lis been reilucoeil so low thai chemical cllimgcs in It j iiw go on quite slowly. Moreover, the vegetable : (] latter has be.>ouic so matureil ami dry, ami other- i s ise enaugcd. mat It decomposes quite slowly even 1 j nder favorable conditions. There iu llitle danger, j lerefore ol much loss, II' weeds are plowed under at ? lis period; and whenever weather and condition of ,5 icsoil pMinlt, one may safely speed the plow. As j| ready intimated, our preference is for bedding up place of broadcast breaking; but if the latter is i( clued better. It i> Well to l ull plow so as to leuve , n le surface rather rough mid rigid. A rough surface : | ics not bake and artist as badly on one that is smooth (j id tint. If a turning plow is used, guage wiiith of ? rrow slice so that |t shall be turned partly, not en-| v rely, over; and one of its edges, not its lower sur-' j, cc, be brougt to view. This manner of plowing , ings littlr clay to the surface, distributes uniformly ! j, u vegetable uiatter through the soil, am! mixes dif- C( rent portions of the soil most thoroughly together ri lien the land is plowed alter wards In preparing for ^ id in cultivating a crop. It is decidly the best j etliod of plow ing deep with r turner, wtiere the soil K| thin nil 1 tlie elav near the surface. ^ The very diy autumn prevetilhd tho seeding down . fall oats We have always fouinl January the t ext ? st mouth to September for putting in oats. Jaiiu- ,, y oats ripen about as soon as those sown in Se|- t| lllber; they slool less, and therefore seed should ,, t be stinted? not less than two bushels of red rust- (> oof per acre. A few acres in Hurt oats sown now j, II come in early and help out a short corn crop, .j ley ripen from two three wei ks eatliel* than other rieties. In oth-r respects they are not particularly j| lualde?decidedly Inferior to red rust-proef in slzn s, grain and yield "per acre. They grow taller than j-, . rust-proof. i, S'nw Is the tiliio to make manure. Leaves, litter p| 1 lime beat commercial I- rtilizeis ar.d are cheaper, |, I your lots every few w eeks ami then pen witn jji e and the riMlll will pay. -II ,ime slaked with a solution of salt in witter, and n properly thinned with skimmed milk from which ' theeri ntn has been If ken, makes a permanent ilewash lor outdoor work, ami, it 1$ said, ri-ndcrs 1 wood incombiistibl". It Is an cxct llellt wash for Hi iit vitiL* wood and for itll hum pnpo.es. k. j???????MMiiiia??? A SURE CORN CROP. Vnriou* Oilier MaUm Briefly Didcmtscd. {Southern Cultivator.) The subscriber begs to offer the Cultivator render* n report upon fin mo crops of e.irlv corn I'.nm Xnrthorn wh'eb having resulted very satisfactorily, may encourage others in adopt the plan, that. In spito ol dry fall seasons, has jrfven mo enongh corn to feed upon fur the past two years". My land Is very IL-ht and sandy, much broken, and quite iw j>oor as the average |ilnr land of this section; a pai t of the tract I lint was planted In corn is very full of pebble stones, so much so that If nil the pebbles are picked out of s shovel fall a* taken from the surface, scarcely a pint >f earth Is found remain Ins. This Is at the top of a high hill, near the dwelling houso. I planted Ave acres of tills land In the Hlotint Wbito Prolific Corn, tl vefeet by three, otiont the lioth of March, manuring with a hand'ul of compost on each side of tho hill; , compost made on the Furmnn plan,cotton seed, woods earth,add phosphate and kaluit. The atuindiint rains of tiio early summer assured vigorous growth, and 1 lined oncu and plowed thrice. The com was hard enough for mill be the 8th of August, but was not gathered until the last of (lie month, i the yield, measured In tho crib?after shuck ins, was tw. uty-t wo tiushels to the acre, and not less than half ; a bushel per acre had been provi uisly gathered that was nloft n down by a wind storm. Th? rorn made more than two ears per Stalk average even Hie Whole -tnll-j I...... Ik..? ?i r..... ..... I..... [Hill, IIINII- ,-i.wrvn .?nr m.rc i>i>M IUUI WIO lll?U U>.i r one car. Two acres n| similar land near by was planted in the same corn, after oats. This was cm off somewhat, by dry weather, hut comparing results by the wa.'on load, (tills Is not yet shucked) the yield was about fifteen bushels per acre. I u?ird till* same coin In 1353 With resnlts corresponding with the above report. The yle'rt was quite twenty bushels, and the corn was h ird In the early days of August. Trie Blount While corn Is rel'able ; In tlris climate, j ields well and instnres early, bnt It Is a light welsh corn. The cars are lair site, yet It takes about eighty to eighty-five pounds to shell a hushel. 1 have about an ucre rind a half or red land only on my place, red clay with a good deal or mica and sand, a loot hill lying below the elevated ridge which In- , eludes all my amble laml except this fragment. This nlat I planted In tho improved variety or Yellow Dent corn that was sent out last spring under the rather fancy name of the "Gold Beauty." This planting was nut mailt! until April 1.1th because the ground Is mean, ami incorrigible and can be plowed t> advantage only about a half a diy al't-r each rain. It is always too wet to plow, or too dry and hard. This "Gulden l!ean!y" corn. Is tho wiliest and longest I ever saw, and of rich gdden color?very largo ears. I manured this in same manner as tho Blount, and treated it as well In thu cultivation as tho natnre of the land admitted. I gathered from this sere and a half twenty-eight bushels of rorn, measured after It was shucked ami cribbed, and It is rich in color, largo ear.", ami very heavy corn. The results above reported are In bushels of shelled corn, measnned on the cub by the usual rules, llav- ; ing had ihcse good res.llts for two years past, I snbniit that In view of tho almost Invariable snmuier , drouths, we might to plant our corn from Northern grown seed, and have our crops matured, or nast the ' critical season before the middle of July. It is a very coinfortablo thing to be sure or a good corn crop, and ir seed from higher latitudes will make us more sure < of It, that is the s- ed we ought to Iihvo. No\t year I will plant more or this "Golden Bean- , ty." It'mnkes only one ear to the stalk like the ' Go'den Dent" but the ears are very large and heavy. I j mean also to try the White Dent" corn, which Is'now a well established variety, and n large and m"re desirable com than the '-Yellow Dent." While I am speaking or my corn crop, let me alsosay thst'l pltniedanac-eand a quarter, la Febusry, of ''Adams Kvtra Knrly" corn, from which I sold in Augusta, masting ears to the valuo of J65 lo. besides giving away twenty dozen or more, feeding perhaps fifty dozen to my stuck anil hunting a large wagon Iwl of fodder and by the 12th of Jnne the corn was ull off' and the land ready for another crop. The ''Conch" pea nsnl this year with great satKnctlon; and only a pint of seed and put Icon full threeeighths of an acre, two peas In a place six fret apart. It'mokes vinos to an unlimited exten'. I believe on m.?.l l,.n,l ... .....II U.nn.....l lli/in aun.,1.1 ? ** (I .. ? -..? Tin' ground was densely covered with vine, wi ll shad-1 etl, ami well manured by the lianlm. The seed pods don't seein to formot ail until cool September nights' coine on, then they make abundantly. I shall hare: three bushels of seed. I think, from mv pint pknted. I The "O'neh" pea onjht to be planted in May ; I did I not plant untill Juno l.V.h. A quart will cover an! acre, planted two In n hill S'X feet ariart. It la a small,! delicate white pro. flue for table. The vine hugs the ; earth closely ton close to mow with a blade. My crops ' of Augusta Kattlesnake melons planted for seed, were lost In a creat measure by too much rain; had plenlj I of fine fruit, but scarcely half of wlm'. I made In' J 3S3.' My Nixon catalnnpe melons were unusually Ann nnd j abundant; I fed the neighborhood lur miles around! on these while cuttinc them for seed. Karly anilter c-ine |iroved the best forase crop I had, as it comes so early and abundantly nnd Is so fattening for h"C.<, cows, and working stock. I led it freelr,1 without hurtful results, and have cured "lots and cords of it," and the mules aro still eating it, cut up Into two Ir.ch lengths In a feed cutter. I used a new variety of okra in uiy garden this year, ?dwarf prolific,smooth and very white, called "Vel- j vet" okra. It "tnkes the exceedence" of any okra 11 ever saw fi.r bearing well, and being white and Under.' The pod Is round, not ridged liko ordinary okra, and i not prickly when *oiing. 1 have a sample stalk pre-| served that was thirty inches tall only, and bore twen ty pods of flneslze and length. (1 tried the ''Velvet" j okra this yrtir with similar success, frum seed seht mo by Dr. W. 11. Jones, of Ilt-rndoD, Ga. II is a superior i article In many rcspects.?Kpitob.) gome other! thlnsn, both hew nnd old. I would like to report or?; failures as well as successes?I did not succeed on all, i by any means, but uiy letter Is already too long. I J. II. Alexander. 1 Error# In Spcccli. 1 (Xorth Citrolina Teacher.) Tlte following, collected from many sources, nre by no moans all the common errors met with In spec-ch, but there urc quite enough to put you on your guard. When people set ubout murdering the English language, they usually begtu with the ! small words: thus we findti great many er-; rots arising from the wronn u?e of pronouns, j You are stronger than' her," suys Mary,1 "anil she Is taller than mc. Here tire two common errors In oriee sentence? her should be she, nnd mc should be 7. unci I." Wrong, Alice; you should say, "between yon unci me." . j "lillza went with Kate and 2." Here, again /should be me. |, "Was it her who called mef Iter should be xho. "It is mc who am to blame." He should be j /. , In "let each of yon mind their own busi- j ness," tiie thrlr should of course ho her or his. j; Who and which arc often confused. Lon* . ago both words used to be employed to stand for persons ; but nowadays who is used when , speaking of persons, and which when alluding ( to things. Tims, "the lady which I spoke to" ought to he "the lady to whom I spoke." "l!7?o do you think I suw unJay ?" Is a , phrase often h.-ard. Who should be whom. ' ll'Ao do you mean ?" Say, " Whom do you i mean ?" |, Many of our errors arise from attaching h wrong meanings to words. Itevcreiul and reverent are very different | I wonis. but thc.v areolten confused. Reverend is the subjective word, describing the feeling , within a man as its subject; reverent Is the; objective word, describing the feeling with | which a man is regarded?of which lie is the . object. The words lie and lay are very often wrong- , l>-used. The Hist Is a neuter verb?"a vessel ( Ur.i in a harbor." The other Is an activc tntn- , fcltive verb?"a hen I'tys-m eg'i." It is decld-j edly bail grammar, then to say. ".My cousin | lays 111 of a fever"; "The books were laying on i, the table"; "The boat was laying outside the < bar." - , Another common error In the meanings of words Is found in such sentences as, "Lena j walked down the entire of the street," and "the stream ran down the ceafre of the town." Both India's walking and the stream's runnlngaro impossible performances, for a centre is a point. Some people fall to distinguish between quontity and number, and say, "There was a quantity of people prescni." instead of, "There were a number." Thaekcry and Sir Walter ' Scott have both fallen Into this error. In connection with numbers, one frequent- 1 ly hears the two first used, when It ought to be \ the fir.it two. It Is by no means a matter of In- ' dlllcrence which you say. The tlrls at the top nf two different classes would be the two first girls. The first and second girls of the same class would be the first two girls. There are also errors connected with superfluous words. "Open out t lie purcel," is one of thee. The "out'' is not needed. "Lead sinks down in water." Down Is su- f perlluous. I "Equally as well." Omit the as. I "Whose arc these here nlns ?" Is a very com- s moil phrase, to be menued by omitting the n "here." \ /'or is often employed unnecessarily, as in t "She came to Saratoga for to drink the r waters." This would-have passed as good grammar in old English, but it will not do In iliese times. "One of my great difficulties," says Annie, "Is in connection with verbs. Should I say 'news W or *ncws arc/' " . That depends entirely upon circumstances. < Sometimes tlie verb should be in the plural, . sometimes in tlie singular. ' 'Another difficulty! Should you say, 'Either yon or I arc wrong ?' or 'Either you or I r am wrong ?'" The latter Is grammatically correct. We have an example ot the verb in a wrong f number in the sentence, "One of tnese houses 3 iverc sold yesterday." Here tlie ear is misled by the plural noun "houses." We forget that p the verb should bo,"was," agreeing in number with "one." c "Each of the girls arc to have n separate share." This is an error of the sumo sort. 31 .4it, of course, should be m. The question has been raised whether we r should say, "Two and two ?? four, or are four," v and It lias been laid down by some people as it rule that In all abstract eases, when we merely speak of numbers, the verb is better . singular ; but there isas much authority, perhups more, on tin? other side. f A number ot miscellaneous errors remain to * be mentioned. ' /thall be much pleased to accept your kind Invitation for Wednesday tlrsi." This should be, "I accept with pleasure," for there Is uotliIng future about your acceptance. An every-day mistake among the half-edu- . en ted consists in tlie use of like In the place of 1 1.1. For example: "Like she did"; "Like I do now"; IJkc we were''; "Like she told me." "Six upoons full" and "six spoon/nils'' are different thliius, though often confounded. To take "six spoon fulls" only one spoon Is need*1, but for "fix spoons- lull" you must have f tic spoons. ft The Use of directly instead of immediately is ( 1 common error. "Directly Mary came," says IuIiii, "I went away." May one say "well lookinir"instead nt"govlnoising?" No. Welt-looking lias no standing n respectable soclcty. "Hianche Is as dltlerent tr> Georgiana as she _ row Id be." Here lo should he from. V ' J Intended tu have played on the piano to- ** lay." This should be. "1 intended to play." Names ot places are often pronounced vrongly, but it Is hardly in good taste to nake oneself conspicuous in company by living the local rendering ot the name of any own or district when the general and out- . ide public have made up their minds that 11 ? liouhl be pronounced differently. " ? ( Cruelty to Horses. l)r. Cownrt lost a valuable pony this week. ? t became necessary to throw the pony In orler to cut out the hooks. The full resulted in ueh serious Injuries that it died1 in a. short line. The above, from tlie Tampa, l- ni.. Tribune, Ives lis the opportunity to speak, out in irint wlial wo have said a thousand times in irivate. We love a Rood horse (It'arly, and rlicn we seo a dull jack-knife hewing away f t the delicate .structure surrounding the eyes E f mail's best brute friend, we pray tor the I Ime to conic when Mr. Hcr?l? will visit Florl- B a or some veterinary surgeon take up Ms ^ bode iu l'alatka. The eye becomes inflamed |th fever and each appurtenance swells ami ecomes so prominent that somebody assures lie owner that "hooks" have grown In the orse'seyes, and these must lie cut out. Illontinently the animal is roughly thrown, a _ ope Is twisted on his nose, and- the knife T ews away at the poor creature's eyes. Kvrn *? r I lie patient escapes death from injury or retiltant strain, his eves are never what they ere. because one of the appliances nature rovldcd Is gone. The organ henceforth rolls, ildly, and the dry, staring expression is' vi lost painful to the beholder as well as dotri- \ lentaltothe horse. Instead of the knife, so a slippery elm poultice or frequent baths 11 the eye of lee wat?>r, and when the fever as subsided, the "hooks" will have disapeared also. Again, a horse is said 10 have tho'Mampas:" le bars In the roof of hi* mouth become irollennnd sometimes cover tli<> back oi his 'out teeth. Then the animal Is taken to thejT lacksmtth, the "bais" are bnrned out, and JJ n.' horse ever afterwards finds ditlieulty iu iiewing because there Is vacancy where naire ]>ut llesh. Instead of an iron, give I lie i?r.-e rest ami laxative food lor a few days, ml the"lainpas," caused by inflammation of ie coats of the stomach, will disappear.?Kt- \ lutfje. fii'ii. Grrint hits nl'.in>K-n<>il smoking l>cc.H!?u ho is i(h11 ik-iI with ciiiieer of the tofiguo, like that which llul 5'cnaler l'ea UiU. S V Nnrlue. (Rural yew York.') XIia ml op n f a )><c from a ftumpr'a point of r deiwnds upon the [Miik lie trill produce, the best brlug the one which will make the limit and I pork from the I en at fevd in the shortest time. If question were simply on* of nauili g bievd*. It wo Ik; an easy ono, but the fact la Hint there U more < ferenco betwseu animal* of the (tame breed*, an far pork-produrlng Is concerned, than there is betw the brveda themse|v<s. Inherited tendencies i habits ure vtry i?tron?. In the bunds of one fnrme breed of plg? may become *o arrnstomed to oca living It will bo Impossible for another awn. a gen ous feeder, to take tbelr offsprings and uialie them I r pigs are bred with Intention of cpitlag them mature early, and fntUn easily with pood, r food. It will Iw folly to expeclthem to ?to well with Mich fiKwl. It Is plain, therefore, that there is am thing beelda the mere name or the breed to be c sldered. At the tame time there Is a marked did ence In the poesibllitles aiid adaptations of the ti oils breeds. It has been thnronghly deiqMStrated by practl men that the atuall breed* ui&tiWe earlier, require ! food to uialntaln the system, atid. therefore, prod more pork for the food consumed than the lar breeds. It Is a question. however, prlnclpa'ly of nppetlto of the Indlvldutl pigs; the one having lurgest appetite pins the most. Kxperience 1 shown thnu pure-blooded pigs are not the most p fltable pork producers. lieslde tho ercaier first c they lack the tnoro vigorous constitution of tbe en iiton hog. This Is remedied by criwslnc a pnre-br? boar upon a common sow of good imlnts, pnrtlanla a small breed boar upon a tow. The reiultli g pi while retaining the vigor of the mother, bare the 11 deney to rarlv maturity and easy fattening of I father, and, tuns constituted, are the pigs for the f tner. 'l'he sow ought to be large, bealtbr, brnarf acr< the back end not really coarse", qniet and gentle, a p .s'cssltig the biggest kind of un appetite. She out to have all she' can eat from the hour she is born, she should nerer be used to brrrd from nnlem knows how In eat as a i>lg chotiM. The b?er nil have all tbu gi>od qualities of the sow (excepting !; i-*l?eciu!l v tliu ntipciite. and, besides, [him*ss the ft tlmrcmshbrcd blood ?lilch will enable him >0 trai mil the valuable ebamitprlstles of his breed to I itflVprintr. Tlio best breed fur this pnri>ote It t small Yoitshlro. If practicably breed yonr 0' boars from thoronchhred stock; then yon can oonti tbc qualities which aro not directly connected wl liin blood, If you cannot flo so, know the boar y buy and what be will do. Breeding bog* should wnvs have ample room for exorcise. They must we'll fed and will get too fat without plenty of epp tunlty to use up some In excrclse. Futtenlne*p!g*, on the contrary, should hare little as will krep th< ni healthy. Tate good care the sow w h'-n abont to |>lc. Uemember the ralao warmth to both her and the little ones, and ma her qnarters proof against cold* and dranjbu. I her tood be mild and laxative for some time bef< her litter Is exacted. Do not disturb her during pi turltlon, but lie at linnd where you can render as? Lince If needed. For the first week after firrowl feed the sow all the lnkewann milk the will drli When the litter It a week old they should be puna: cd to drink a little milk from a suitable trough plac where the sow cannot reach It. The drain niMtn a ? by a litter of stronz pin with thiy-lght kind of apf titcs Is prodigious, and'by the second week richer f? In the shape of a quart ofxorn meal to one quart oat meal or wheat middlings and all scalded on cooked, should be added to rach mesa. G?x her eat nil she can bold. With each day's growth the lit pics will show an Increased desire for feedldg up unythine they can reach and a quart of oaUand?n? may be thrown to each lot of ten pig* to work ov< increasing the amuont to six quart* when the* J: a month old, and persuading them all tbe time to < bountifully of inilk with little bran and corn meal It, When abont two months old the piva may weaned, one at a lime, the strongest first; the wrakc may be left another week with tae sow.. It Is a sei ous matter, even cruel to tbe sow, to have all her pi removed at once, leaving her no way of getting rel fiom the milk. After weaning the nigs, feed them n meal anil curn meal ?nu'ls ami milk, the latter great proportion at first. llave the '<>od Jnst bU? warm, (ilro them abundant supply of pnreeool?p cold?water. It Is necessary^that shall be dlrao/r oeiore u is luseo n.io me system, epringnigs an<m bo fed liberally nil rummer with rich food. eufftdc proon food being allowed to kti-p the bowel* in gm order. The flesh will be much Improved If IxHIi fXMK nnd wheat fire given a* a portion of th? feed om In fattening. Kor the best recalls with spring t>I they thould bo three-^niirter blood small bn*d. Fi plaa sbonl.l hare holleil root*, with a little meal at bolted barley. after they ore three men lb* old, em the weather ia wnnn enough tu tnrn them npoq gr? and clnvtr. Tble, lmwever, should be snpplrtneB?) with half ration* of corn meal, for the' [dg, it no brjjd, la not n pri'tlng animal, if it eri-r *ru. Warm* cleanliness, fresh air and regular feeding are Impo tint fac'ors In main'alninc tne eontfhoal Inyln* on flesh, which is the sole end of exhteoce U the are age pig. Whatererald* In this la gain; abater retards or disturbs thla Is low. ?i i A Discrimination Between Cemmoi ly Accepted Synonyms. (Xorth Carolina Teacher.) ? Custom find Habit. Custom respects an m tlon, and habit Is Hie effect of the repetUfoi Custom 11ns reference to tho action nnd hah to I lie actor. By tho custom of walking w acquire the habit of activity. I*t1dc nnd Vunity. Tr|do In Inordinate sel esteem, nnd ' the never-foiling vice of fooK Vanity Isrh unreasonable desire for the-fix tory of other*. "I'rltle Is more cutnmo among men. and vanity among women." . person can be too proud to be vnln. Felicity nnd Beatitude. Felicity signifies th Btate or Deing successful, or having the set sual desires satisfied. "H c enjoy corporeal ft llcity, and spiritual beatitude. Wit ami Humor. Wit is quick and brill Ian humor continuous nnd even. Wit 1* lb bright and Irregular flash of a meteor; homo is tlie constant and uniform tight of the sun "In conversation bunior is more than wit.*' Courage ar.d Fortitude. Coumgo enables Q to encounter difficulties: fortitude to endur pain. Couiage meets dangers nnd attempt to repel them. Fortitude Is that firmness c mind which supports ra'n. Courage may dli icgard dangers and be a vlo ; fortitude Is a ways a virtue. "Leon Idas displayed courag at Thcrmopylo when, wltb tluee liundre Spartans, he opposed tho entire army <1 Xerxes; Calus Marcus dlspnyed fortitnd wnen lie stood unmoved with ills uand in tn lire." (jenius and Tnlcnl. The word gentnsl* de rived from the Ijitin word gitp\o, to be bortl signifying what Is pccullHr lo any one an< not derived from other?. It is tlie Innate ben of mind. Like Imagination. It I* creation i'ho modern meaning of talent comes Iron the Saviour's parable of the talents. . It slg nlflcft anything that can readily be put to use anything of practice! utility. A peivon maj lmv? talent without genius, but a inan of g* niuH is rp.rely without talent. The poet fib genius, and the historian talent. Imagination and Fancy. Imagination I closely allied to the word Image, and In It: etymological sense means lo bring linage before the mind. Imagination cruitcx nm luens, while fancy combines old and familta; ones. Imagination bodies forth the form o things unknown and gives to airy nothing i locul habitation and a name. Fancy revel: nver known and familiar scenes, while linnx Inatlon crei.tes and people* new worlds, w! speak ot the lmagHiutlon of the poet, and tb< fancy of the artist. Knowledge and II'U<1om, Knowledge Is ?yn onymous With learning and Information W isdoni is knowledge put to a right nse, "tin best use of the best menus to the best oud.f "Knowledge dwells In heads replete wlM thoughts of other men. Wisdom In mind attentive to Ihelr owu." Knowledge Isalmn ber-house lull of boards of every conceivable ilze ond shape. Wisdom turns this pile inu beautiful and useful pieces of tutnlluie 'Knowledge Is a rude, unprofitable mass, tlx mere material with which Wisdom build*.' 'Knowledge Is power"?the uncutlierod pow ?rof a mountain torrent, 'wisdom Is tht: power caught up and made to turn machln try. DISSOLUTION. IUIE partnership heretofore existing be twoen W. 8. COTHttAN nnd K. L. LYOS inder tlie firm name of W.S.COTrfIIAN A :0.. Druggists, Is this day dissolved by mu ,ual const-lit. W. 8. COT H RAN, E. L. LYON. Jan. 2,13S5. \f T71T7 T^T 13.HT n U>V r 1 l-l UK The undersigned have ttilx day entered Into i partnership under tbe firm name of COTK IAN ?C PKUKIX, for tho purpose of conducting u general I)UUG UfSINESS. Ttiey hare ecured the services of Mr. F. K. HAKKISON i pharmacist of undoulnod skill who will demote Ills exclusive attention to the preparaion ol'prescriptions at any time of duy or light. \V, 8. COTHRAN. T. C. PERK1N. Jan. 28, 1885, tf STOLEN NOTES. rHE following notes were stolen from my house on the night of the 2U.1 instant: 1 note given by ljuarles <fe Co., Nov. 1.% ISM, or with a credit of SlOO, and payable larch 1, 1885. 1 duo bill of Qnnrles <fc Thomas for 1,500 ounds of bacon. Dueoncnll. 1 due bill of Quark-s &. Co. for 150 baabeU or orn. Due on call. 1 dun bill of Cunningham & Templeton for 00 bushels of corn. Due on mil. The above note and due bills were made ayable to (j. S. Wilson. All pereons are|for?' rarncd against trading for them. U. 8. "WILSON. * Jau. 27,1S83, 3t Jarden Seed! Garden Seed! jy E have Just received a lar$e stogk of LANDRETH'S roccu nA nncM ?ccn tiLon umiuft.ii uft.1.1/ jr. W. LAW'SON & CO. Jan.2S, 1SS">, tf School Books! School Books! ^ LARGE stock of all kinds of School Books! H. W. LAWSON & CO. Jan. 28, 1SP.5, tf II TBI Mil! Fnder the New Hotel Pill be Found New Fall Goods at ow Prices by QUARLES & THOMAS .Abbeville* S. O -opt. >1, ISM, tf