Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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1 lie Press and Banner. ^ By IXujflt WiI?on. Wednesday, M-ay 21, 1884. An Cnwl.se Agitation* "Our AliJn villo Iricndw, JiKl^inRfrom tho columns of the /Yes* and ISavncr, arc <-i>iisU!orab!v cscrciM1!'. on the snbjtmt o! tho Blair bill and popular odrtiT.tloij uen cridly. This regret to see. us wie kiihi of agitation indulged in can do no possible good ami may do an infinite deal o< harm. Tim Register's views of tiie educational question have been uomistaka bly defined, but even if wo held sncli views iih those announced l?y the iVex.? and Banner-, and were opposed to p?-pillar education, we would not advocate an v revolutionary action in regard to the public schools. \V? give the press and ncr credit for honesty of intent ion, ami to a certain extent admire the straight-forward frankness with which it announces its opinions, but at the name time wo cannot commend its judgment in attacking the school tax. Men or journals may indulge in any theories they please, on thi* or any other subject, but whenever opinions cannot take the shape of action without crcat danger to thoConnnonwealth, then it is neither wise nor patriotic to recommend action. Now, the P>'r.<s (tntf Banner, by Inference, if not in direct words, r? ommcnu* lo-imi, in regard to popular education, lor it says at hopes to see th<? two mill tax for educational purposes elimmated from our State Constitution. Unless the Press <uirl Tianver can show tlie people of South Carolina how this can he done quietly, peaceably mid with the consent of the qivat mass of tho people, white and colored, of what earthly nan is it to niritute the question and stir up bad blood about it ? The two mill tax is a part of tiie State (' nstiiution. and every one knows that the Constitution of the Stale can only lie changed by the vote of the people. Will the people so vote? Wo undertake to say that a large majority of the white people of the State?leaving the negroes, for the present, out of the question?will never consent to abolish the school tax. Now, add to this the negro vote, and it will bo seen that it is absolutely idle to bilk of such a thing. But even supposing that there was not a clear white majority in favor of retaining tho tax, there would still be a large and respectable minority of whites, unci their vote with tho solid negro vote wouM sottlo the qiiosstion. The only way of changing the result would tie* by "a fraud in the count, and fraud would not be submitted to. The kind of men in this State who favor popular education are - - ... Tint or tllC M>ri UKU mil I.t IB that way with impunity ; and this wo say not bv way of a throat, but simply to make clear the point that neither '?y fair nor unfair means is thore any possible fhanoe of stopping Stato aid to public whool education. And it is fortunate for us that it is so, for if the Stale was foolish enough to revolutionize its school system viinply to please those who object to being ffj&s taxed* for education, then the National Government would takei-areof the neirro I sure enough, and do it in such a way as to humiliate and exasperate ns as much hs possible. Well may our Charleston contemporary ask in regard to this foolish agitation against the public schools, <cui bono f?Columbia Register. That paner, among other things says: "Unless the Tress and Banner can show "the people of South Carolina how this "can be dono, quietly, peaceably and "with the consent of the great mass of . ^ 1 wint "the people, wiuiu iiiiu "earthly is it to agitato the question "and stir up had blood about it ?" Jf it is tlio will of the people to eliminate that part of the constitution which icon fiscates two mills of our property for the education of the children of thoso parents who would shirk their duty, there Seed bo no trouble or bad blood about it, ?* unless the minority should choose to resist tho will of the majority". The only question to be decided is, do tho people desire the change ? If they do, there can -> - be no earthly doubt of their ability to effect it. peaceably and quietly, as all other questions have been settled in South Carolina. Tho Register undertakes to answer for a largo majority of tho whito voters, while holding up the negro vote 'with which to scare and terrify us. It may be true, as the Register says, that the men who want their children educated at tho expenso of other people, would not submit to the repeal of tho law, but fullv appreciating the danger of their threat, and the negro vote, thrown in, we are willing to bring the matter to a test, and, if tlic Register is perfectly certain as to tho facts which it states, we do not see why it should object to tho scoring of a victory over those who believo that education at public expense 1? wrong in principlo and demoralizing in its results. We make no answer to anything which tho Register Mays about "fraud," nor do wo make any denial of the threat implied by tho expression that tho men who want their children educated at other people's expense aro "not of tho sort that can bo fooled with." Wo aro as ready as the Register to Admit that they are really a dangerous element in tho State. "Tho Register's views of the educational question have been unuiistaka"blv defined." Wo speak from memory of those "views," and if we err wo hope to be corrected. Wo know nothing of tho movement whereby tho property-holders were mulcted for tho education of all the children of the city of Columbia, except Bnch statements as were made at the time in the Register and other newspapers, and of course, we may havo drawn an erroneous conclusion. If so, the Register will kindly correct us in this matter as well as to point out any errors into which we may have fallen as to its own position or views of the educational matter. Our understanding is, that some two years ?go, that class of people, who are "not of tho sort that car be frfblcd with," mado a united and combined effort to secure tho education of i heir own children at theexpenso of their neighbors, by adding an additional special tax of two mills on all tho property in the city of Columbia. There was also a counter-movement, among whom were tho property-holders and men that were "of tho sort to l>c fooled with," because the\' had money and were law-abiding citiaens. This latter class had worked and made tho money with which to educate their own children, or were willing to do so, while their adversaries preferred to have their children educated in an easier way?merely l>y expressing the wish at the ballot-box to havo their neighbors incur the expense. Hie Register, an we understand it, headed fho movement of tho men who are 'not of the sort that can be Tooled with," and lent its influence against tho men \vho might bo profitably "fooled with." In this contest wo do not know whether the white people alono wore engaged, or whether the men who are "not of tho sort that can bo fooled with," called for "the solid negro vote" to "settle tho question." But tho question was settled in such a way that the nieu who aro "not of the sort that can bo fooled with." have, since then, had tLcir children educated at almost no cost to themselves individually, while their neighbors were mado to pay according to the value of their property, whether they had children toedueato or not. Tho men who are "not of the sort that can bo fooled with," now draw ol that fund according to tho number of children they can muster. Tho above wo behove is a fair statomont of allairs in tho city of Columbia, including a presentation of tho Register's ' V . "views." If AO havo erred, we will, as we have said before, thank the Register to corrcct us. Assuming that wo arc correct, lot us consider the probablo effect of the legal robbery of the pro|>ert3'-holders of tho city ol Columbia. Or, if tbo word "robbery" is objectionable, then we will withdraw It, and put the idea as mildly as wo can and say, what effect will be produced upon their children by this over-powering and taking by force from the property-holders of Columbia, enough money - ~ , to pay the tuition fee* of the children of indole<\tand lnzy parents, together with tho children of tho men who are "not of the sort that can be fooled with ?" Children are wise in their day. They aro perfectly conscious that their own fathers should educate them, and although they may say nothing we venture the suggestion that every father who joined that crusade against tho property owners of Columbia, iu his effort to shirk a bound ^ en duty, lowered himself in the estimation of his own wife and children. This, 4 like a great deal that has l>cen said by the ? men who are "not of the sort that can bo fooled with," may not be susceptible of proof, but the presumption among all fair-minded people would loud to this conclusion. If a little boy has half a cbance, he will think his father the greatest nun in the world, but if that father ?v;. ^ tcekt to cdu<&te that child at the cxpenso I ^-7^^ '1 and toil <-f Ins neighbor, wo ;oave otnor-i I to imagine the result. ! | The Register, asaooncluding shot says:, j "Well may our Charleston contemporary 1 ! "ask in regard to this foolish agitation; j "against the publio seho<ds, oht l>cno ?" ! We answer: We speak for the hottest 1 ! and Industrious citizen, who though poor in this world's floods, is yot tob proud, and has too much true manhood in him, to seek to mako his children a charge .in the State as paupers. Wc speak for the 1 tnen who do not want something for i nothinu? for the men who would not hu mlliatc their vhildrcn by compelling hem to look to others for what they .hi'MiKC-lves should furnish. Wc als< i speak for those citizens who, by industry and frugality, have accumulated aomo of | the comforts of life, and who now object i to having any part of It confiscated for I the cdrt'-atlon of the children of that sort of citlxmn\with whom it is not proper to ' fool," wnd who object to a division of their hard-earned money, with tho indoj lent parents who rtro too lazy to work for the education of their own children. Having answered llio Register's question i in all candor, will it now tell us for whom ! j it speaks ? Faiorlii? Inricprndentisnu j A Washington dispatch of May tho Oth, I says: j "Representative Aiken, of South Carolina, upon hoinsr asked, this morniup, ' 1 * *L" 1 ;rT n t r\ llfl I ivn.'ll Ulf Itli 111 irciiiirin , now, replied: 'Wo will have to anpeal to the people. The majority of lis were oleotcd to try nnd reform the tariff. We; Irive made tho attempt and were defeated ; l>V fortv-one of our people deserting u* in the face of tho enemy. The Ohio and i California men say they were not elected j to reform the tariff*. The Republicans do-1 lared it was a party measure and they vot?d accordingly, with a flTw exceptions, j Fortv-ono members of our party took a ! dill"-rent view of tho case and voted! against their party.' "Continuing, Mr. Aiken said thepro-j eeedings of Tuesday were very dishoart-1 ening to Southern Democrats. The lattc j came here with jilarsre majority, and for] the sake cf peace and harmony allowed] Miemselv.'s to be nulled and hauled about j by a handful of persons claiming to be Democrat* who wore really Republicans at heart. Col. Aiken says lie is in favor of the Southern Democrats in the House forming a party of their own. Then thev could control thehalaneoof power. They couM then say to tho-o other gentlemen, 'go ahead and propose such legislation as voii desire. If we like it we will vote for it. if not. we will vote against it, no matter whether it originates on the Democratic or Republican side.' They could then, ho savs, command such respect as is nowd?nied. For the past ten years (he South has been playing kite for a tail end of the party, and tho tail has controlled the movements of the kite. "There are only a small number of Southern Democrats, who favor Col. Aiken's independent proposition, yet a large majority complain of the way they are treated by the Northern Aving of the party."' To which the Anderson Intelligcnccr replies: This is in keeping with Col. Aiken's views as expressed at Townvllle, in this county, in 1880, and if adopted by the Southern people won id lean 10 me uimr disorganisation of the Democratic party, both in National and in State politics. The uloa is impracticable. and its expression is mischievous. Tf Southern Congressmen propose acting as independents in national politics because they cannot have their own way in national affairs, why should not McLane, Clayton and their associates act independently in State politics when things do not go to suit them? The mere statement of Col. Aiken's position shows how utterly destructive of party government his views are. It the Democratic party in the Union should be dissolved, it will be impossible to hold it together in the separate States. It is fortunate for the party through the Southern States that the bulk of their representatives are moic prudent than Col. Aiken. The abovo criticism of Colonel Aiken, seems to be one of a series of articles which has lately appeared in that paper. We would not fir a moment deny the right of any paper to eritiriso any public seevant, but as the editor of tho IntclliA rjr.nrcr'xs supposed to be a candidato fori Colonel Aiken's seat in Congress, it occurs to us a little unfair for the editor to use his paper to injure his competitor, at a lime when he is absont from homo. Colonel Aiken is in Washington, no doubt discharging his duty with his accustomed zeal and fidelity. Colonel Aiken's political views may ho vcrv much at variance with those of the Intelligencer but, upon general principles, we beliove Colonel Aikon is as apt to be riiiht as the editor of tho IntcUigenccr. For instance: Colonel Aiken has never said anything which appoared to us as ridiculously absurd, as tlio idea of running that antiquated old fossil, Tildcn for President. And tho Intelligencer seems equally in earnest about electing tbat old mummy as he is to defeat Colonel Aikon. Kor our own par', we aro disposed to givo Colonel Aiken's views a proper ccnsirtcration, and we have no doubt that his views, if adopted, even admitting the truth of the gloomiest prediction of the Intelligencer, would have a less fatal efl'cct upon Democracy and good government, than wouki the nomination of that old rcsurrectod corpse from New York for President. I Lot it bo understood that wo have no unkind feeling for the Intellirjenccr. On the other hand, if Colonel Aiken was out of the race, we know of no one whom we would 8ooii< r support for the place. Hut wo must protest against the use of the Intelligencer to prejudice tho public aeainst a good mnn, who is in Washington discharging his duty with fidelity. Colonel Aiken's views are certainly not more absurd than the proposition to nominate Tilden for a position which he is avowedly and admittedly unable to fill, even if lie were elected. The nomination of Tilden would certainly precludo the possibility of tho election of a Democrat! ic President, even if the nomination did j not put the party in a stato of disintegration. Whnt r? Xewnpnpor, Whose Editor Is not a Candidate Tor Colonel Aiken's Plaee, Has to Say. fCVdxrifu /owrnaf.l Mr. Aiken is an undefatiirahle worker ?a man of nerve, spirit and independence. Flo ha? no technical namo for a spade, and palls things generally in their clear English way. lie has recently seen tit to animadvert pretty severely upon our Northern political ailies, and in very plain language he expressed himseif. j We believe ami we trust that his manly i utterances will find an answer full of generous accord amonir our Southern people, and that we will yet learn thai while war issues are dead and buried forever. that nevertheless the ereat Demo' eratic principles yet live, and that we will not permit them to he buried by a set of men who have only tho name and none of the essence or heart of that great party. The vote upon the tariff bill separates clearly the fold, and no better day will ever come than tills to proclaim to the wolves who are in sheep's clothing that | affiliation with them cannot longer be jtolo ated, if wo arc to ho forever the hewers of wood and tlx* drawers of waiter. Interest demands it, self-respect j calls for it, and our sore and wearv feet [ are Mistered with the long, Ions toil and ; tramp of a journey rough with the rooks ' of hypocracy and the thorns of deceit. T^t's hold our State, and with it hold our balance of power. Thanks to Mr. Aiken. A Prosntiiplunns Clerk of lite Court. | Tho Republicans havo hold one precinct meeting and two county conventions in tl.o Court IIouso this Spring. The Democrats havo held none. Unless tho Clerk of Court considers our colored friends are entitled to greater privileges than the Democracy, we seo no good reason lor riis refusal to allow the latter to hold their June Convention in the building. It must be observed also that this Convention lias already been called to mfet in tho Court House, tho call having been issnrd before the Clerk had announced his intention on tho subject. Courtesy, as well as justice, require that there should lie no discrimination ami that tho Democrats should be accorded at least ono privilege which has already been enjoyed three times by the Republicans sinco ths first of January.?j Georgetown Enquire.}'. j How long tho people are to ho treated as intruders while in their own building, or how long the Clerk of Court is| to be allowed to lock them out is more than we can tell, but we do say that any people with a proper solf-respect should lose no tiirio in turning a Clerk out ofI office who would attempt, by the exorcise of a little brief authority, to prevent thein from the use of tho house which they have paid for, and for tho repairs and ro' building of which they idono are responsible. If tho people of Georgetown are freemen they should meet in their own house, but if they belong to some little up start of a Clerk they would asK permission to meet in somebody's old untenanted old house or bay). Literary Cotton Chopper. The Abbeville Press and Banner prints, in defence of its propsiiion tl at "education has 110 moral e licet iiuon tho individual," a letter from the Kupei'ihtcudaut of the penitentiary stating that sit the instanee oJ tht! Press and Jhinner the iiOl convicts in the penitentiary were asked whether they had ever been to school, ami ti at 3pj nnswored no. The Press unit Manner comfortably infers from thh that tho liter.try nrtgro finds his way more easily to tho penitoiUiarv than his less cultured brother. The above paragraph we luko from the r-ditorlal columns of tho Georgetown Times. If wo am not mistaken it wa?written by the 2?ctv.i and Courier and iinec then, it seems to ns, it has been made to do editorial duty in a number ol papers. While it is barely possible thai those who adopted the Xein and Courier's sentiment did not know tlio fact, vet wo aro perferctly oertuin that the A"cw9 and Courier knew that superintendent Lipscomb's letter was published t?.> disprove tlio olten asserted opinion that education reformed ttie negro, wo sny this, tliafc wo can furnish ttndeniablo proof that a largo per cent of the convicts now in tlio penitentiary, are there only because the State educated them, and put it in their power to commit tho crimes for which they aro now serving sonlenec, and we deny that tho Xc.ic* ami Courier or any of its followers can prove that education has kept any citizen out of the penitentiary. Wo also deny that anybody can prove that tho public has received onocent of benefit for the immense sums of monvy which have been spent in negro education. The Xcus ami Courier claims that education will make tho nogro a better citizen, and will make him a better friend to tho white people, and will make him a supporter of pood honest government. The State of South Carolina has spent millions of dollars, trying to educate the negro and we deny that any advocate of the confiscation of onr property to raise funds for negro education, can prove that we have mado friends by the expenditure, or that any negro has been made friendly to us. We also deny that any educated negro is at any useful pursuit?any pursuit that tends to the prosperity of llio State?(except preaching a gospel of which thoy know little or nothing, or in becoming a pensioner from tho government while pretending to teach a language of which a majority of them are almost totally ignorant.) If tho ne grot's nave n warn mooting, or a county mooting, looking to somo oyil for the whites, is not the school master to be always found there? Ordinarily, when men sptmdahalf million of dollars yearly thoy like to see or know that some good has been done with it. But not so with those who seek to educate tho negro at our expense. Whilo no good can be cited as having arisen frotn this expenditure, yet it is certain that education has prov d an injury to many. I'or this wo would ask conscientious christians to think a moment. Tho State, in order to lessen eriin?, prohibits the carrying of concealed weapons, and for this wholesome restraint pious christians clasp their hands and turn their eyes heavenward in thankfulness, but now our politicians are clamoring to tax us to educate the negro, and thereby plaeo before him a temptation? forgery. Will a conscientious christian seek to educate tho mind of the negro at our expend i before he receives some moral education at home. Lessons of morality is of ton thousand times more valuo and importance than the moro ability to read and writo. I3ut it seems that some good christians in tho State carc very little for tho nogroo's soul, provided his corrupt heart and mind is educated, at tho public schools, sufficiently to forge mi nrrlnr nn his emnlnvers. All tliis iu appnront at a time wlion hundreds <>1 thousands of dollars are raised annually lor foreign missions, by which it is hoped to perform miracles in tho convertion of the Chinaman, tho Egyptian, and.the Mexican, to Christianity, and when nobody seems to caro a cent for the christianizing of tho negro at our very doorseducation is ?ood enough for the negroe's, anil tho politicians are good enough to teach him. Our own opinion is, that the negroe's soul Is as valuable as that of the Chinaman, tho Egyptian, or the Mexican. Tho Pickens Senlinol Gives Col. Aiken a IMg". Thorp are several thousand srood Democrat* in tills Congressional District who, by their votes, havo assisted Col. Aiken to occupy a seat in Congress since If*76, but they believe that tho Blair educational bill, if the money appropriated is to be distrihuod by our State authorities, is a God-send to the poor white as well as the colored children in this section. Tney were not born like Calhoun, Webster and Aiken, with a silver spoon in their mouths, ?nd aro not able to jjive their children even a rudiments or an educaI tion without nubile aid. Arc thev to be deprived of this national itid simply because Col. Aiken disapproves it? Vi e dc not write this to antagonize Col. Aiken's re-election, but if his position is correctly set forth, thore are some people in this section who ".onld like to know it. It is a great public question, 0110 in which the people tire vitally interested, and rises h iirh above any personal consideration, and il is right that they should know how their representative in Congress stands upon it. The day for ante-bellum statesmen and methods has passed.?Pickcns Sentinel. If we aro to consider the facts of the existence of a high tariff on all the necessities of life, and that tho honest, hardtoiling yeomanry of the county aro to be treated as paupors by the General Government in the approprition of money tr their children, then truly has "day foi ante-bellum statesmen and method? passed." Wo are Mot authorized to speak foi Colonel Aiken, hut we take it, that if the appropriation for public schools is madf by Consress that Colonel Ailcen will interpose no objection to the "pood sturdy Democrats" of Pickens drawine theii "hare. To oppose the passage of the unconstitutional bill Is one thine, but to accept, the appropriation i* another. If thf Pic.ken* Sentinel does not seek to "antaeronizo Colonel Aiken's re-election," wf think, while writins in such a manner a? to injure him most, that tho Sentinel mieht do him the justice to state that hf has been a steady worker fnr the host interests of the "eood sturdy Democrat* whn, by their votes, have assisted Colonel Ai'-on tooccupv a seat in CY>neres<: <ince I87fi." This work was done in the effort to lower tlio tariff, so that every man in PW-kens. who eats rice and drinkp sucar in his eoffee, mieht have a cheaper breakfast, and so that all (rood sturdy Democrats in Pickens who wearoloth'.ne mleht hnv them at crreatly reduced prices, The educational bill, it is alleged, had much to do in defeating the Morrison hill whereby the tariff would have bee>i crreatlv reduced and South Carolina would have saved more than is appropriated tons in the educational bill. Mo man, woman, or child, can fail to bo effected by the tariff which increases the price o! our calicoes, our homespuns, our cloth inn 3iiwu>?t niiM inn I'imi i\rin? l*? n?v nothinir of the doubling of tho price ol rico. We take it that tho 'sturdy Democrats" of Pickens are not a set of paupers, who hunger and thirst after the flesh pots, but wo believe that they honoj the man who has ever been sincere anri faithful, and that thoy are not ready turn their backs on a man who has had the | honesty to express an opinion on a matter, which would, in the end, bo hurtful to us. ? Who are the Candidates ] Our people seem anxious to know whe are to be tho candidates for the variolic I ~ m ntt/l lino Knnn ti 11 rrrrfiu f irsi 1 f n 11 U t C luiii'c*, aim iv nan wm vw u.. %v write an article, nrging the candidates tr annonnee themselves. We hope that w< may havo a goodly number to seek Legislative honors. Tho people ought to liav? an opportunity to vote for the men whr ;come nearest to representing their views on the various questions. In an old hook, we find thesn words "Tho Legislature of South Carolina by f "nearly unanimous vote, [1841] refuses u "accept her proportion of the fund aris j "ing from the sale of public lands of th< ! "nation, under a recent law of Congress j "on equal grounds of inexpediency anc j "unconstitutionality.*' Since then i seems that we havo made great strides to i wards centralization. 1 "This is Not the Time." j | It would seein to us Hint tho political 'opponents of any proposed measure in South Carolina h:ive this idea stereotyped nnd ready for nso nt any and at all timoA. j The opponents of higher education than lis given by common schools at tho exj penscuf the Suite, urpc that this is no J the timrito make an appropriation for tlie Statu University?wo arc tro poor?but at tho same breath they cheerfully support a measnro which takes from these samp poor peoplo ten times as much money for the education of the negro. Those same men, who are so scrupulosly careful to put a harrier to highor eduction, object to an appropriation of 320,000 or &10.000 to theStatoUniversity, greedily Voto to diga big ditch for the people of Columbia, the cost of which has been estimated by ; some men, at one million dollars. Even now in tho discussion of the school Lax. , the Register holds up beforo our eyes the power of tho United States government : as a "soaro-crow." That paper says tho ' "National Government would take care j'-oftho negro sure enough, and do it in I "such way as to humiliate and exasperate t j "us as much as possible." If tho Nu-j, tiotial Uovemmom Knows OI any iii'iru "humiliating" plan of taking care of tho negro than in forced upon us at present ' by tho mon of our own State who fro "not of tho sort of men to bo fooled with," we should 1 iko to know how it could ho done. The negro belongs to tho Republican party, bndv and soul, and that party have possession of the United States Government, but wo defy tho inventive genius of the negro-loving Yankee, and tho power of the United States Government, to inflict a nioro iniquitous and unjust plan of takine earo of the negro than is at present forced upon us, bv tho men of our own Sfato who are "not of tho sort to bo foollod with." We will wolcome any "humiliation" tho united rstaies iiovRrument m<iy ?ic imujj- i or to inflict, if wo can thereby be ro-l lieved of the tyranv of our own people | wlio aro "not of the sort to ho fooled I with," and who want to make Iheir children pensioners 011 tlio Democratic party. IT such men avowedly aro held to the Democratic party only by the pen- j sion which they draw from the Dcm.ic-I racy may we not liavo much reason to fear a transfer of their allegiance in ease the Republicans should offer a larger pension? Suppose, for in?tan<o, the Republican party should offer to furnish a full supply of school books, would the j Register say the negroes and the men who aro "not of the sort to ho fooled with," would desert tho Democratic party and go over to tho enemy, unloss the Democrats gave books ? Tlio Killing of Boggnn Cash. The Charlotte Observer of last Friday brought tho first intelligence of the killing of \V. B. Cash, by Deputy Sheriff 15. T. Kinir. and his posse, who went to ar I - j I rest him, for tho killing of tho town mnr-j shal of Cheraw last* February. Arriving at his barn before clay li^ht on Thursday j morning the posse of eight men quietly waited until daylight, when Jinggan Cash came out. He was immcdintnly commanded to halt, but instead of doing so, opened fire with a Winchester rifle, npon the arresting party, shooting off two fingers of one of tho party. Cash's lire was immediately returned, and ho was completely riddled with bullets and buckshots. Ho received some twenty wounds ?three of which were pronounced mori tal. Cosh continued to fire as long as he | lived?even after ho was on tho ground, I he discharged his riflo. During the firing | one of Cash's friends came to his rescue, and fired upon tho Deputy Sheriff and his posso. A ball through his leg, si-, I leneod his batlerv and he was taken off to ijail. Friday afternoon tlio town talk was of i the affair, and as far as wo remember to j have hoard, 110 regret* were expressed at ijtlie killing of Cash. Nearly all whom we heard speak, said it was perhaps tho best way for the matter to end. But the opinion provailed among those who spoke in our presence that if ho had surrendered to tho proper authorities, and submitted to trial, that ho would bot have been eon1 vieted. Others seemed surprised that Casli should have left tho barn. If he had remained insido It is generally thought that from his fortification, ho j could lmvo killed the attacking party, or | forced them to retreat. Nearly every I man had his theory as lo the cllect the killing of Boggan would have upon his father. Some thought ho might become desperate and do bodily harm to different members of the arresting party. Others thought the death of Boggan would have an effect entirely different from thin, and . expressed the opinion that Boggan's death would prove a crushing blow to his father. Unrensonablo Opposition. In announcing himself as a candidate for tho Legislature, in Newberry county, Dr. S. Pope uses the following language "I am opposed to ati appropriation to the State University unless the standard ; is raised so as to make it an institution I giving a higher education than can he I given by our colleges, so that young men I graduating at sectarian and other colleges! can then, if thov desire, take a post irrad-1 nate course there. As it now Is, it is a! competing and destroying agent to the i I different colleges in the State." I This opposition is as unreasonable as it t J is unjust, and wo trust will meet tho same j rebuke In Ne wherry that it has met in > Abbeville and other counties. The Doc- j f>r is more cautious than some who have j gone down trying to rpnose the sustaining of this grand old institution, and makes a proviso: "Unless the standard is raised." It must bo remembered that the College has recently been re-established and that the present corps of professors commenced, as it were, a new institution. It would have been impracticable to commence with the very high standard of ante helium days or to have required tho age and preparation of other old institutions ; but the standard is irraduallv being raised, and if tho institution continue to receive the support of the State, in a year or two, it will again become the pride of all good people and the envv of all ioalons rivals.?Laurens Mcr chant and Fanner. It will not bo forgotten that Newherry is tho homo of u religious denominational college, and wo helievo that wherever there is n religious college, the politicians are opposed to the State University. The same candidates who hold up their hands in such holy horror at the idea of giving $20,000 or $30,000 a year to the higher education of our sons gulp down at a single draft, 8.r>00,0A0 for common schools, more than one-half of which goes to the negroes. Consistency! thou art a jewel. W. C. Benet, Esq., In tho Teachers' Association last week, spoke of the Educational appropriation under the Hlair ' hill as "an immense campaign fund to he distributed by a Radical Secretary of the 1 Interior to influence elections in tho 1 South." j ANOTHER OPENING FOR AUGUSTA. r . The Angnntn and Knoxville to be Extended to Lauren* by Anffnst nnd r Fifteen Thousand Rnlen or Cotton 4 ~ - tht. Tvniuiipt iv want; HUN n \Au(juata Evening Xctvx.] Messrs. Grant Wllklns and I'ost of Atlanta . sent up the A. it 1C. road on yesterday a strong force of hands to btilld a bridge about 111im miles heyond Greenwood on the Greenwood, j Laurent) nnd Spartanburg mil mad. The Central road, ha? control ot this new road nnd I will mpldly push It to completion nnd opi-n , up the road all the way to Spartanburg. The line from Greenwood to Laurens will hefln Ished by the tlrRtof August. This Ik theguarI antee of tho contractors, and the new bridge Is on this line. The completion of this extension of the Augusta and Knoxvlllc Railroad by the Central authorities will greatly benefit nnd add to Augusta's trade If our merchants nnd hneiness men will put themselves In position to handle ihe business of that rich section and > communicate with the good people In enroll , no. Laurens markets about l"i,00i< bales of cotton every year, nnd Augusta can handle ) this product nnd add to her cotton this valuable contribution, If she will properly put forth her hands In the matter. CASH KILLED. ! * 1 A NIiorlfT* Pomc Surrounded tho ' linrn, nnd RiddlPH Ilo^fcnn with liullrtN ? CoLCMniA, Mny IS.?Oov. Thompson lias received the following telegram from Clieruw, : Chesterfield county: "I went with ? posse lu?t nlnbt. to nrrest-W. It. Cash, the outlaw. I Instructed tlie men not to fire unless absolute? ly neecssnry. I surrounded the house nnd linrn, placing two men hrtween the house and ' linrn. nnd I wo between the hnrn nnd swamp. > Find that Cash was In the hnrn T ordered It surrounded. Cnsli cnme out, nnd when hailed ? fired on the posse. The fire wns returned, ] iiikI after f'nsh fired severnl shots he wns killed, Ills body being riddled with bullets. None t of the pofso were struck except W. II. Hlxon, whose finders were shot ofl' by Cnsh." [Slgnedj K. L. Kino, Deputy Shorltf. SIX VALUABLE PAPERS. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ? THE COMMOIi SCHOOLS AND THE ACADEMIES?FREE EDUCATION ? THE IMMOLATION OF THE TEACHER ? THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SCHOOL WORK ? HOW MAY WE MAKE THE SCHOOL ATTRACTIVE ? F.Mnyi) Wlilch "Wore Komi nt th' Mntli Animal Meeting of tlx TcnchciV .lMaelitilon of Ab7>evlll< County, nt Abbcvillft Court House May Sth nnd Oth, IMM-f. Wo published last week mer-'ly the ofllela report of the ninth Interesting meeting nt thi Teachers and Friends of Education, and thli werlc we are pleased to he able to present t< nur renders each of the able, Instructive, an< Int'Tcsilng essays which were road at tin meeting on the 8th and 9th Instant. Tin space which these papers necessarily occupi will preclude the possibility of out glvlngnnj nbslrnct of the impromptu speeches antl sue jestlons which were made by the members o the As.-ociation In the discussion <?f the vnri cms subjects and peculiar views as expressot by the different-orators. The discussion was l>y many, considered us tlio most interestin: pirtof the proceedings, hitt the solid value o the papers is loo much to be lost by the rc-id ln?r public of Abbeville. While our hljrhlj respect I'd friend, the Rev l)r. Oiler, holds dlf ferc-nt views from our own as lo tlie necessity :>f the State to uphold and support the publli schools, yet \vc arc i>rou<l lo say that In; hn Bxpresssd our own opinion or the educntioi nf moral part of our nnturo In lanjrun^ much nioro e'eir and forcible than we hav< jone or could do. "Morality, not Intellect ual culture, lies at the basis or all character, l'hls nurrcs with our own opinion so often ex prcsfcd, that there Is a much more importan I'dncation than that of the intellect. I)i ftrierisa profound thinker, anil his spccch will bo read with interest by every subscribe nf the iVc.tt unit Ilnnner. After Dr. Grler' speech follow tlve able papers on the varlou chosen subjects, and no man should fall t read any one of them. We would especial!, commend them lo the attention of cvei; teachor In Abbeville county, who will b suro to And something of value tp him o her. THE PU3LIC SCHOOL AND OUR OBLIGA TION TO IT. * TIio ProHldont's Exordium?IK in Co: dial Invitation to Ev?ry Teaclic to Participate In the Drlibrrn tions of tlic Association ? Til Broad and Far-Iteacliln;; l'lan ci tlic Public School?.Morality,* >'<i Eiitrllectnal Culture, Lies at tit HhmIn or all Character?Those nil are Satislled With Primary Krtuoji tion are t'nfaithfiil to 'i'lioir Chil dren?They Each the Earnest P? triotiMin Which Would Put n Proi or Knilinntc I'pon llio \oblc In lierltniicc, Which litis been Pin cliase:! With Illoori. INTUODL*CTOI!Y A T) D RES* OF W. M. ORIEI D. D., PRESIDENT OK ERSKINE COLLEGE, DUE WEST, S. C., AND PRESIDENT OF THE TEACHERS* ASSOCIATION*. Our annual reunion ought, (o possess an Ir te est for every teacner In the county. Tli organizntlon Is designed for no class of toacl era, wheth'-rof blub schools, ncademle?, i common schools, whether male or fcniiili It Invites the eoruiai eo-opcraiIon "of ever teacher of every grade. Let nut ttiosewh'i opportunities and education have been llinl eil suppose that they hnv? no place here. I.i tuem imt think that their prmrnce unci com b?*| will be unappreciated. They have cspi rlcnces which may be helpful to others, nr. thediltlculiics which oftentimes so perple and eijiiittrr.iss ii achers of the highest eramay tie partially, if not wholly, solved Ij mutual eonfcreiire. Is It presumption lo ?a that our meetings ought lo possess an Intel c?t for every citizen of the coanty ? Is th: magnifying our office overmuch? Are ? not trying to work out In practical re*u!i those great ptobl'-ms which engage the n ten:i<>11 of our wisest statesmen. They ai thcoiists, profound and s:iira<loiis theorists, may be, wo arc workers, daily putting to tl; test the great principles and elaborate inetl fills which they discus* and r-'coinmend. Is one tiling to plan n campaign, It is anolln thing Id llulit li. Our business at these men iiigs is partly to give the results of our wo:] Is not exery cilizi'ii lnteivst"il in these r suits? Ha--o we not a claim upon public a tcntion > I have thought it mltrhr be wi II to talk f n few minutes mi the Public .-School and 01 obligation to it as teachers. What is the Public School ? lis very nan sugL'i'Sts the nn-wer. Ills a school tor n i-ii? "" ? iwAfioenc fit Inrniwh In pv'i J)H iji iU""wn v n IJ ii.ii J>I VJM w ' itn ... ? . ty <'tiil?l. i?T school age. an elementary eduction, frt o? f ull charge. It is therefore nw >arlly iin InslirIit!<>n under Hip control of 11 Stale; since II deals with Individuals as ell zens. It. recognizes no distinctions whnlevi of rank, nice or creed. To nil, to all alike, I privileges a'e ofTeied. It comprehend* in I plan Instruction to every child In 'lie thn li s. The plan Is broad anil fur-rcachiinr, an in Its extended application is or repent, da In the Southern Slate*. It. should not. be f? gotten, however, that In the colony or Sont Carolina, In the parish of SI. George at Ho Chester, a Tree public school was establish! In 1721, by th- Con^reg>itlonlats. The (Ir great natfona! educational act l.s found in !l ordlnancos of the Confederate Congi?ss 17.VJ to 17*7. This act referred to all that Ir mouse territory north or the Ohio. Is. "e forced the du'y of education and rrom tl public domains section* we o given for el menlary and superior instruction." Wlii then the sy.-tem In ils general featur runs bacl; to the very birth ??r the nation, y It was not a national system. II flourish! only In certain Slat-s or the Union. It is y in its i arly Infancy amon'jst us. Its snece or failure is yrt to* bo determined. Whatev may be the Issue of the expe: iment will I due very 'urgely to the attitude or the teac crs towards the system. Stateapproprl.iUoi and State machinery will accomplish vei Utile If those who are the real workers In tl school '"ooni have no syinpmii.v nun n, m no fttllh In It.. The sovereign eniciency i:r the triumphant issue must come from il pi I lent pooriy-pnld school maste". What 11i< arc ihc claims of thl? system upon our en dial co-operation? It may as well he frflnk nckuowledgcd Ih il the system i? l>y nome '.i perfect. and its practical operation with us liiHe unsat'sfaotory. It is easy enough rahe dllllcultli'S and to nntne objection*. I? it should not ho forgotten that "all hnmt plans and schemes partake of this imperii' t Ion more or less. Once there was a tatnoi Kastein ICInsr. whose dominions were *o e tensive that he Issued all proclamation? aft this manner: ''I'Mo nil people, nations at languunes that dwell In all l!ie earth." Th King droamcd a dream, and he saw a ere, Imatre, pait of gold, part of silver, part brass, part of Iron, and part of day. Th Imnt'C may very fairly represent evci product of tho httintm intellect. every sy tem of laws, every scheme of govcrnnicr every philanthropic movement ha? in It, Hull*gold and silver and Iron, with a go< deal of brass and c!tiy. It. ought not to I fonrotton. too. that the system Is scarce thoroughly lna< gnratcd In onr State. On since '7fi has the Intelligence of the State 1>c? dealing wlih It. Thf> confusion and dlso g-mi/ntlon found In every department the Sintcgovernmcnt at that lime was nin marked In the offlce of the Snperintendeu of Education, State and County. We have scarcely yet emorged from 11 chno? or th'.t period. E'ght ,v< urs Is far t< short a time in which to forecast 'he resnl of a system which aim* to work out so vast problem as th? general educa'ion of tl mas-es. Even under the tnosl favorable cl cumstanees it were unreasonable to e.xpe full and fair return* in a few years. Measur winch strike their root.", so deep Into the font diltlousof human society, in all Its compile ted relations, can Justly claim onr cbaritah Judgment until I bey have reached their m turlty. Heginning In complete dlsorgnnlz lion, establishing itself In tho face of an t tense conservatism that looks with *n?pic|r on all all change, liattllmr, too, with nrej dices the force of which we cannot estlmai since we ourselves share them with profour feeling, asking our ce-entance asihegittof political enemy,-being thus itself a perpetu reminder of defeat.and failure In ourtreme dons Htru?gle, we say when nil these nut ward clivunistancrfl are taken Into the n !?<* ctifni'lun \u nnl flint, nnr tmh! school system hns done so l|ttl<\ hut thnt hns done anvtblnt: nt nil. Inefficient. as it I It hns done something. IT it did no mo than tciiclt our children to read It hns rcnric ed n valimb'o service, is it nothing to nlm In the hand of Itnnrnnco this golden ke; more mcglcnl than Aladdin's lamp. Lot It he repented. In Its favor, thai It I* m designed for any particular race. This one tlon of rare enter* so largely Into the sni'je with us. so preponderating Is the Ignorant and poverty ol the necro. so excessive Is M benefit which he derives trom tbesyslem th: it Is not. a difficult thin? to disparage tl whole thin.' by looking upon It as a rai mensiire. Rut It knows no distinction. It < ters Its privileges to every citizen alike, and Is an Incident and only an incident tlia' v have a larger colored school population thn white. It Is uiiouestlonnhly true thnt tl Inrger proportion of our tax gees to the su port of negro schools, since our colored scho population numbers 1GS.000 and the whl 91,<00. This, howover, cannot be regarded as nr fault of the system. Hut the very clrcur stance that we have so many of these peop amongst us, whose lirnornnce Is so den-e at whose morals are so depraved, constitutes II loudest call to the support of tho H.VHter I Dock not n divine phi In nth ropy Iny upon i an obligation to help the xvcalt 1 its Injun Hon Is ''Thou shall love thy neighbor, ?tDo not suppose that we hnve any extra vagal notions of the regenerative or reformnth power of secular learning. Morality, not I lollcetual culture, lies at the basis of nil chn ncter. Hut It must be admitted that tl ehnnces of moral culture are nil In favor those who are under the Instruction of fait fill, christian teachers. The very drill of It school-room Is Itself a lesson In morals. Or of the soberest and profoundest living ihlnl ers on educational (|Ucstii>ns refers to this 11 I most Inseparable relation of morals an school-training when he says, "In the wel disciplined school, the pupil Is first taught I be regular ami punctual: to be cleanly In pe son and obedient to teachers ; be Is taught. | be Industrous and nttentlve; to snbordlmr his capricious will to tbo will of superiors I IOvery properly governed school educates i habits, of self-control. These habits arc fur damental to nil virtue. When we are culled upon to denl with fjue tlons which are full of difficulty and perplc; Ity It Is .sometimes n holpto go back to fir principles. For Instanco Is It not trno as general proposition thnt Intelligence Is betti than Ignornnco? Does not every farmer in on the truth of this general proposition who he glvrs the charge and direction of the fari to the most Intelligent of his laborers ? If li Is to be absent from home tor any length < time he Iscertain to turn to him as temporal superintendent. As a general proposition. Intelligence safer than Ignorance. Only undcrexeeptloni condition" of socli-iy Is this proposition r ganled as unsound. Where there Isasystei of shivery eUftMlsiied It Is to the Intrri'Rt i the master to keep his slaves In Ignoranc but wherever there Is freedom, nnd espcclall citizenship, with all its responsibilities, the the proposition must stand iinchall< nved. 1 no government is the force of public sent ment so profoundly felt as In our owi and therefore in no government. Is the d rnand so imperative that this public spnt ment should belnlllgent, educated scnilmen Accepting these general propositions, wc mn I leave to tlxnc and the persuasive ana consc w [ ...... > vallvo Influrncc of our chrlitlMii Hvlliwitlon , tlie solution or tho-e polltlcui noil Nuclal problems with "which emuiiclputlon hnseon*, Iiunled iih. I As touchers, then, wo will *crvc our'country J r hest not itv tonrlii.5 down. but by ill templing i to correct glaring and lamentable detects, ny , introducing changes, which will make the, system more illlcient. As It Is now managed,. It Is certainly crippling all secondary Instruction nnij lowering the dlunlty of llie nrofes-1 slon Not only are we under an obligation to work for Improved methods In the practical operation of tln? Ky-tom. hut we are cntled upon to lake part. In the yet Wisher and more Important work 01 educating the public to an appreciation oi the true value ol' education. It Is worth something, It Is worth paying for. Those wiio arc in circumstances to do bcttei md who are content with the merest primary eloinentsareuiifalthfnl to their children, they lack earnest patriotism and they are wanting in a proper e>tlmate of the noble inheritance r- 'if civil privileges which have been purchase*! r it the price of Mood. These privileges helon. only to intelligent citizenship Let. ur ' | not lay at the floor of the Public School tin 1I ml inference t'i education which Is satisfied I with the elements of English. Ilavc we no 1 j higher ambition f?;r our country and no n I deeper love fur o'.ir children than Ibis? The ? I ability to draw a note or makeoutan nccounl I Is Mils 1110 irrCHl C-IHl <>I iniinimiu ; >1 innlco itit part of our mission to correct such j false and hurtful notions. Let us enlist In a cru'sule nciitust educational apiUhy on the ? part of our people and as a feature of thl? e etl'ort let us make our schools an elHd-nt as . possible. Then our pupils will b'-come our soldiers, and thev will siorin for us (he cltn' del of the parental heart. The.v will teach parsimony new lessons in liberality, and will ( wai m a cold Indillerentism in Lo fervent actlv! 1 ; THE EARLIEST SCHOOLS SURROUNDED BY r IMMORALITY AND IRRELIOION. [ One Hundred nntl Fifty Year* of Experience Proven the Fallacy of Free Schools--Some (Jospel Truth* about p Free Keli^lon, Free Educutlon, and s Free Xi'groCH. Editor of thr Presx and Ti'tnnrr : l' We are all apt to tnaltc mistake*. At the b meeting of the late School Convention it was' I Biuinrt iinif tin! iirst Rive Sciiool was foundi d 1 ill Dorchester 'iv tlic Congregational 1-ts. The fact, is itlclKii rl Heer?ford, March 171, g-ive! and buiiuvuilifd to iho Vestry and Wardens I of St. Thomas nnil St. Denis, a large sum of money "for anil toward* the support, mnln' tcnancc, tuition and education ?>f the chlli, dren of the poor of the Mild Parish as shall be there sent to school.". This was some Vtyears before an Act of legislation April, 1731 was N passed, "'for founding and cr.-ctlng, uoverns in.' ordering and visiting n FreeSchool, at the [} town of Dorchester In the Parish of St. George, in IJerkley iconnty. for the use of I he y inhabitants of the province of South Carolly na. "Both of the schools were more or less conu'-cteil with tho "KstabMshed Church," the Church of Kiiglaud?now recognized an the l' Mnlscopai Church. Tito point however, to wlilch attention Is directed is, that I he praetlcal ctleel of these early educational efforts for thi' benefit of the poor were and are not ueii :?8 wotijtl or should tmiko us re??t*fve with ?*onruience the pr >KU"?tlcutl?ns of the luIvniraiOM of the Common Scltooi system. as to the beneficial and reformatory results of that system. It does not fullow that because schools were established, Instruction is given and children an t" tight to read, write and cipher, there' fi re they are goiug to he bet'er men and betp lor citizens. If the popul'itlons or the two sections of the State tn which this system was first tried are to lie taken as an Index of c the outcome of the system, tt-cn It had better >f be abandons I. It is notorious that the "clny,j ea'crs'' of St. Geo rue anil the denizens of ' ili;ll Hole Swamp" arc not the most de-drac ble citizens. Put. If the common scnool syo torn is so potent, to make good cliizcvs, it . should have produced t'.ils result wboro It has lined so long In vii'.'iu long before this. Its '* ndvoej.tes ought to he able to point to these i- early establishment* as bright examples of r. .... .. i,?k,.?lcu'arft tfnfihv . UK W'lieill/i. II Hl'.l nin il owi.. v. tosucceed these should have bern a hipping '* to ttio communities in which they wore lop. pitted, for iin nildition to serttlar edm-atlon, copious provision wax tnndf for ln?lruetlon In "the |rri< a of the Christian rpllulou." Hill howevwr. nil this may lie. one thins I* cerlnln from past experience?education will t, not m:tke I lie neuro love the white man any more-It will not make litin a more Imino^enloiiA member of the e immunity, It tony enable him to lie more adroit and skillful In his effort* alter social and political equality?hut in the end It will not iimko him or his while brother more happy and prosperous. Tiie ttf'Kro will never be satisfied until inl*ceclnai ll<?n is recognized and welcomed by Hie white ie raee. THE COMMON SCHOOL AND THE ACADEMY. i- Harmony ntid I'nanhnity Esvenllal to SneeesH?Cnlinnes*, CooIih'm. M<mI> v oration: ItirtlKjieitsiible Qualities? le The Tcnehcr, l?y mere Attrition, > .Monl'l'i tlio Character of I lie Htixr. ceptlMi.1 and Pliable Yoti;li--"5Ienee, is the ?reat Xocesslty for Competent ,p and Worthy Instructor*. It ICSSAY BY WALTER HOWRY MILLER, ESQ., IC OF Til K AUBKVILLB PA Ft. ) I' Two yeari nro wo heard n coiiHemnn roma'ls t thnl a distinguished politician (if this Slut* declared iliat education wn? tbcpoiui'ar Issue It. of tin* ilny: that the educational ffiivn wns c- swfci'In*.'over this country. carrying evoryI thtnj? before It: that no politician conlil af ford to oppose It. or ?*!sc lif> won ! I>? swept >r down liv it. And ri?rht here. without t?rr?ir mjipI irto d-'e'd-'1 whether (ten. Hutlor's vlo-.v? on the mil)J"ct of national si Id to education ic afc c>rro t or not., wo wou'd common-l as ii' wrthv of inilt ition the manliness and four(! ace dlsp'nycd by him in the I'nltod states ? Senate Ch-'imher, In daring ti array li 1 jis.*I( h upon the nnp'ipn'ar side of one of the pnpn ic lar l-S'ies of the'lay when h?* believed that It II- would pro*, c detrimental to the best Interest: >i of the country f>t la-tre. ts The pith, the we. the substratum of theedts ucntiomi] system Is theeommon school. Am: >e cerfainly It Isa I'miierohonslventid Important id subject; Important, when wetalte into eon'-id' to oration tin* territory which it embraces? ir- O'-oat Rrltaln. France, Oornviny, tho United h ^t'lte-?the civilized t'orfl'?n of ihc gbibe. Jm r- p-rtnnt when we consider the number o >d teachers ?nd pupils enrolled and the croal si amount of money necsmrily expended ir establishing .ind supporting Its nnm'ier'es' of schools: Inno tant w!i"n we e.-insidoi* wli.it n- a gi" -nlle influence th'so schools exert n \Vlthonr nitempUnif tooxpand or elaborate te any of the eolnts involved and without pre c- tending 'o bp exhaust lve in our style of tren*' Ic nient, l"t i>s in th|? running artieie enrsorilj b? Klimecat " om" of the salient points in eonet I m otion with the emmon school: ?| In tJio flr?t placp, wo would remark ilint o? -rood common school* me hlghlv necessary ss This necps-dtv arises larve'y f'om Mio fuel thai or the groat majority of our people hcsl'i an< be o-n|?!c:e th>'ir education here. However II li- in iy bo explained. whether It n^iilt* from ili< n? f-rt thai lh" menns anil resources necossnrj ry for Iho afiiilsllioii of a co'I??Ih.*c <-c|t?? itl>?p ip " o necessarily l!mit">l only ma favored few nl|orfiom tlie want of Inclination to ?tinly or nl th? part of children as well as fr?.in the wan I to of appreciation of tho ailvant?L""s of llhera mi eitl'ure on tin- rarf of parent"?whatever maj ir- he the explanatory leason?nevertheless tin |y stubborn fict *ta-ps lis in the face fiat tlx n's- doors or our eol'eares are, and sir" dcBtlned yc Is to he practically closed >o far as tli^ majefCH o to the peop'c are concerned. The pvlnclpn nt inean? then of renohln'j th'*in ill-eetly helns in thrmsh 'lie common ?ehoo?, and this mean; o. of auproach hcimr rezulated In va'ne liy tlw us '/rude and diameter of the common school, || x fil'ows as a iii-ec-is'irv conclusion that irooi p- coniino'i ?ch<?o|s and academic are In a lilsrl id dec'ee Important. Aualn, this noccs?ltv li i? abundantly demonstrated whe i *.ve loolc unot at 'he common schools "Imply as feeders for ou of coiIpstpk. From the schools of the country th< at matriculates of our colleires mii't n"eessai*llj ~ ' Tim nimfnctcr of the education pos <i-1rcsroiI hy t,-c cnll": e graduate depend* to i it, irreat il"!?rre upon tho work il?-nr? for 111tr n while receiving hN academic tralninir. lln< >'l 1'ngiish and poor snpilin'/unfortunately i'C 10 quired In early yontn rarely part cnmiwni Iv with I ho student whilst receiving his coilegj |v iUc oil neat ion. anil with distressing and un mi solicited fronnooev peer nut In the sermons ir- speeches', edl?nriiils and conversation of tin of college trrndnato In alter college days. In ist iIo<m| If. Ir romarkablo with what tenacity tin to errors and imperfections of early Mfecllng tr us afterwa nK and 11 is simply Impossible fi?i le Hie eolii?e to eradicate all of the mistake! > > and Mundes of defective academic training t?i Consequently It seem* unfair for its lo domain ,ii of our colleges representatives to whom tlicj if may point wi'li pride and who ?v||| he orna ir- menu In society. If wo are content to allow el onr c?<oo|.? and academies to send forth hoy; es and glrl< with superficial and defective nienta' 11- tr iinln". Then too, the standard of scholar a- "hip In the collc;?e and university Ih dopen le ilont i:pon that malntalneil In the academy a- The o^alliy and nnantUy of preparation ro :a- quMtefor ilia'liculatlon in the former will n- not be beyond the reach of the hoys and girl> in In the advanced cl>ia-os of 1 lie latter. P'e>l n- dent Pnrier of Yn'e Collegw in his adnilrn>d( e, WO'k ontPled The American rot leges anc id tiie \in"rlc;in Public," a work which wr n would cordially commend In every lover o al l?arnIng, confers upon a Virginia Ifi?tl nil Ion a- Iho hoeor of maintaining th? hl'/he*! start' (?. dard of .scholarship ol all the Institutions o ic this country, anil we are safe In saying that tin le Virginia schools for the higher training o it young men nnd young women are nn?urpn?s Is, I ed upon till" continent. The explanation I: re not hard tosoelc. No State in the TTnlon If r- so well supntled with blah schools of superloi -e grade which arc provided with thoroughl.v ?- I cultivated leathers and equipped with th? most Improve! facilities for theeducation o nt I youth. Tin' universities of fSermnny and s- Scotland are known If?r? world over on ae ct count of (hp high standard of scholarship re which maintain mid th? extended pair tronaL'C which thcv receive, arid yet weouglil nt not to he surprised when we learn Hint th< ie German pymnasinm and Ihe cominon schools [!is nf Scotland are of the nio^t superior cliarac >r- t<*r. It A?snmIng as a proposition easily maininlneil re and Indeed readily acquiesced In hv all, thai n every community should have n good school ie f;r the education of Its youth, we will next p. | Inquire as lo the means necessary for the aeol ' compllshm'-nt of so deslrnMe an end. In the te first place, harmony and unanimity of sent!| ment are In a hlu'h decree essent In!. Inestahly | lishlngand sustaining schools there is a pccir n- liar force nnd apposilenoss In Ihe maxim. "In Ie! union there is strength." IVrsonal proferid'onees and ndvantaires of a private nature ic! should bo sacrificed for the general cood. n. | The Individual should he subordinated to the is ; community. The fomenlors of discord and i.-.i-T kn imlIimI iinoil us Inimical to C- IHi-l.mil nimin.i ... ........ .. c. the public welfare and should lie relesated it lo places of silenco and obloquy. There re should he a general disposition to uphold nnd n- sustain the school, to overlook mlsiakesand ,r- errors of an immntci lal ehanicter, nnd to do ie do everything which will have a tendency to of promote the success and welfare ot the school, h- Tn school matters want of harmony Is the ie pi eat bane; It Is the rock upon which the ie j school hoal, startlnir under favorableausplces, j has so often been stranded, and its shattered J*; fragment* scattered to the four winds. How id many communities in South Carolina to-dav, II. feeling k"enly the need of a good school an:l o abundantly able to sunport one, are strugr. gllng along in darkness simply from the want 10 of harmony? How many parents in South tc Carolina to-day are compelled from the same ," reason to strain every nerve to pay the hoard n. and tuition of their children at distant i- schools, when. If only the community were I united, thev might have them at home under s-jlts restraining and modifying influences? s- And how trivial and puerile often are the st causes which lead to these unhappy divisions, a ; An unguarded expression, which perhaps tho ir j teacher rest rets as mueh as any one else, cset j capes his lips, it Is carried home, magnified 11 and distorted ; ihe parents stop their children in | from school; their friends come lo tho rescue, ic I and the school is broken up. Or, forsooth, the >.r. itn v for the election of a teacher Is at hand, a y ! relative of nn fnf!nontinl family In the community Is 11 candidate; his ' merits do not is I command a Koncriil support, and lie is defoatii11 oil. Clingrjucil at tlio result, his friends withe draw their patronage and th" school Ian in gulshes and dies. The school siumld he reof unrdeil a public enterprise; nil should feel an e, interest In It, and should he Jenlous of Its |y reputation. Any effort to pull ft down should >n he antagonized, and should be regarded a n hlow aimed at the community Itself. I- In the second place It must be under prun. dent management. Calmness, coolness and e- moderation are qualities Indispensable to I- any one who would successfully control the 1.1 excitable and turbulent temperaments chariy ! actcrlstlc of youth. If the school he at nil a r-j largo one, good exocutlvo qualities In the i prlorlrol fro lnvniunblc. In the history of every school Htorms will now tvnd thon ari--? which no precautions c:in anticipate, anil flunlnst which no provisions cull be made, and such emereencles demand a cool head a d u steady nerve at the helm. Indiscipline the teacher should be mild but Arm. The extremes of oxei'sslvo strictness on the one hand nnd leniency on the oilier are equally to he avoided. It Is tlie*>hcere?l noueonse to attempt to trovcrn a sch-ial wltiioutdlsclplln*. Have fu extreme easos, however, by adopting the honor system, the teacher will avoid many a difficulty. If the lon her is aetunied from high, honorable motives hltn?e!r. 11 no maintains his own dignity ami w.-if-rc*pcct, If Itbu hi* determination to do th? right because It Is rIuI?t. rcfRrillfis-! <>I consequences; If l??? will trcrt Ills uupiis kindly and gcntlcmmiy, it he will appeal to the nobler impuit-CH of their rature, lie will rnrotv experience much difficulty here. Now. h't vlng disposed of the subject of government and discipline, let us notice some of the other qualifications of a leauher. Competency Is of course ii prime requisite. The very term t eacher carrion with it impliedly the Ideal of ability. It would be a misnomer, wire It otherwise. When Vine j?rofc.MseR to tench r department. It Is n rea^on. ibie preHiunp'lon. Iiowev r unsar?: It may he, that tie is acquainted with the subject* taught In that branch. Ry competent teachers we mean thorough ones. Ami here we would remark that no word in connectlou with education has been more abused than tl'ls term thorough. A well known profHs>-or in one o( our colleges used to call such terms India rubtier words, because they were used In so many dIiron-ntsense*. This term certainly comes In that category, for It Is wonderfully pliant and flexible. The school which does not claim for it-e'f thoroughness would be an anomaly. Whilst ihere I" no Inflexible rule by which we may determine with infallible '-ortaint v wbutheror not the teacher Is thorough ly qualified. yel wn should constant. y strive In every inlr ami proper wav to el -vnte the standard i.f scholarship. viola!'on of the rules of syntax ami grammar nnd spelling nnd pronouncing words improperly are cr-ors which nro inexcusable In anv tewehcr. and we wonlil counsel parents win-fully to avoid enfrustIn?r 'heir children into su-h improper j bunds. From the Inferior teacher children ?nH'or l? so many different ways; sometimes from his want of ability to Impart knowledge, cornet lines from ills Importing It improperly and incorrectly, soim-tlmcs from his u*n ni slang and vulgarIsms, and sometime* from his very accent and droll ?ty!c of conversation. Heaven pity the sweet, innocent eliiM who has to learn, sitting at. the feet.of the inI ferlor tcncher. Competency al?-o Involves the idea of aptness to teach. Mco lainltlarl'y with the sui'J,,ct'< taught l? not.enough; there must also lie the anility to Impart, knowledge and Hie power to Impress It upon the youth fnl mind. Lacking these, oftentimes pers>n> with fine natural endowment" and norm* ponding ll'erary attainments have, to tlit: great mortification of thcmselveg and to thr <lisappointme>it of their frl< nd?, slgn:il!.\ filled when they have assumed the role i> Instructors. Competency. however, l? not. the only rcqni site, for, if Hie teacher Is to oci-npv trial eleva ted. honorable place to which he ought ti attain, moral wo1 til Is eqna'ly, nay. more im portant. When we remember th? pllabililj of youth, h?w s-iscct'tlb'e children are to Ini pressloiis of anv ktnd, and how easy ills f mould the youthful character in on"dircctloi (oranother; when we remember the cham? ter and intimacy of the re'ations'ilp cvisMn hel.wefti teuclier nnil pii'ill. l>r->U"ht in'oeon Inct U-' t'y ami f?r hours nt n time, th on. susceptible of a lively appre-iatlon of tin most delicate Influences.eager fo catch upnev IdesiB of life anil Its chequered experiences and absortiing Info Its constitution the ver\ Inspirations l>v which It Is surrounded ; am I the oth?r with nmturer mlml and hro-nler ex ! per"once, pronnm'-il cft'-nble of imp?rflng In i formation, possesfdng the power to ?-??me ex ' ?e- t of pointing out Hp* P'th In which t< wa it, and whether lie wills I' nrno', no"?s ! verily acting the part of gn'de, when we tnk< 1 into consideration th"se facts?and they | not lie overe-'tlimited 'n vuln"?surely mora fliness kjpre-emleent'y lodlsp'-n^a'de. In 'h I rountennnce and In 'he nvvricr. in e ?n v??s i I tl->n mid in itdion. in inc i"ii>nii ii'iiii ?u-of if, truth fill ncs *honM be *lip prominent prevaPln" ohnmc'erlMle. Tlntn, too. If tl iencher would nt-tn'n to eml"enc<? th^e 1 another qnaUty which must, not be dl?re'nrxI cd?pc'Bonal ma"tn tlsnt for the wo-k. Wlm It Is and how It Is exerted may hp dlUlcutt. I : define, hut Hint some tenchers po"?e-s such quality will hp r^'dilv ee-knowlpdrrcd h; every onp. To-- the Work nn pnthushisti ! fondness for Ipnroini'. tind n desire to cnmmt j nlealp this enthns|ti?m to hi* mtpIN, eontrlli | nt<? srreatly to n t-achcr's siippps". Tn this n> ' siipet we llilnk the young teacher has n d"c ! ded iidvaninire over th" one wlih more ej J temli-d experience. There l?n f,*<,Khnev?"b mi ! the pursuit, and a novelt\ about tho ve \v r? ; 1'itionshlp between lenrh"r and pupil wh'C' HO"* e ns a xllmuMioind ntttiesame time "oi i tribute to the pleasure, whilst on the ot.h-' i ha"d, to tho more experienced tn>ieher 'h^r Is ii feel I n:; of dull nvmo'tviy wMeh ener>at" theen?rey. nnd nt 'Inv s Ihe teacher <a'U vlellm to despondency wh"ti the thonefht th.'i he is lendlnir a trend-mill kind of exi*-t"n" 'and spendlnir his life In mere routine s"rvle , stcfils i v r him. Ii |? his duty, however, t I strutrsrle nea'.nsl ihr?ic drpesslnc Intluetvei jand to erid-nvo'' to eoir?i<T >c' them. Ifh i: will kepp pnee with tv.e D"og"PKslve snirlt <i the |Jmc?: If he will In'r-'duce new and |m 1 proved text books,'<nd K hewl'l enlnr"!* hi i stock ofld'-Asnnd gather nn frch m iterl il fr i ltlu*'tr?tl?(5 the many de'tcilo phases i 1 j thought.'he will (lnd new vl-ror lopp-ed lut 'jlils work and'on certain extent he wi'l r< , new Mie enerelesof his j'nn'h. A dls'in^u'sli ed teacher of this Slate who Is nn'ci for hi '!Zealand devotion to learning. makes ! h I re.'nlur habit evrv nk'ht to nreonre iifres j the lessons which his clauses will recite th ! next ii'iv. Such ri course thou*rh neccssl latin sonic labor, yields vulimble re-nlts. 1 j As to the teach'T's ?nHry. wchnvchnt or ! remark tMinnke nn-l that Is thai we holler ,1 It Is e'onomy, end ' oth rI>.* 111 and wise, to pn , the teacher welt. We can wear ehean riot' Ine and yet hp n? well protected from n summer's heat ?r winter's e>ld as we won' hi? If cl-d In the llverleil purple of Hie rlcl we can live In aloe eahin and yet sleep Joes comfortably as if we were reclltiltnc upc n conch of down In the pdace of an Astor ' lmt we may rest assured we cannot ree-M* ' rtwrtp Instruction wit!.out paylusr dearly f< ' It. | Whilst upon the subject of schools we wl> to trlve expression lo one UvuicM susses'' ., hv whnt we repaid a fell want.ami that Is '1 ; establishment In dltrcent sections nf M "State o/ academical sehoo's of blah grad I riinkltvj above wnat we ordinarl'v term th ''cnmnion school, and vet not claiming f< ! themselves the pretensions of a eoHe-c. TIk j shonM he schools with someihlnjr more tlm a mere local reputation. 'I her? shon!d l e ot j for every fotiror flvocain'io-', and they shou ' ] merit pntronnire from ahroad as well as froi '[these linm< llately around them. It Is tri : onr allies?Charleston partlenl >rly?are stt ' plied with some tine schools of thN deci-rl 1 tion. hntweneo'l Iheni In the rural ount'i .also. HeslrlPR to ohtaln some Informatli l 1 ...in. (n snh'inls oflhls kind. V ' wrote to the principals of Rinsrham Hcho. ' i N. Uni"ers|'y school. Petewbnrsr, Va? nr ,! Kenmoro Unl varsity lllali School. Anther* V:i.. mid propounded to them a-nnmhor rnvstions Willi reference to (he conduct their schoots. We received letters from em j of them.klndty nn-werlnz our questions, t "j treMtor wlili circular*. ISoth the 'etters at . j catalogues arc here open lor lnspc-tlon. V ' j desire to make Iavoor litres cr<^n? rnl ohierv . 'lions about-litem. Fneh of t'lem, wokno\ j ranks high. Th??v are liberally patronize J TIipv rl not awanl diploma", but cortifleati ^ of distinction merelv, and these cert I flea I ; ave highly prized. The standard for cradu: ' , I'on Is h c'i?In o?e of Ihem only onc-lltl ; of the Penlor cImss nsnnlh' eri'dualp. T1 teachers are flnHy educated, and selected fi Msp"elal litticv8 for their depart men Is. Mo j ol t' e instructors arc eradnatcs of the Vlrgii 'i la University, and several of them were me ^" all-its there. Their touchers are \ye'l paid ! one of them stat'ng that the tisnal salary |'about 8X0 atvl board?sometimes 81,1iK)0 at J. bonrtl. Mil). Hln-'ham prefers the country , a location for a male seiiool. l'y exantlnli I the catalogue* you will see that these uchor II are natronlzcd by some of tiie most promlne ' and inllnentlnl cen'l-mien In our State. Th ' fact, tosny tiie least. Is suggestive. H One o'her thought and we are done. The 1! Is n piowlnp demand for professional tear 1; ers. As theyears roll round the tcaeher. n? * 'net or of society, Is beeoimnsr more :ind mo ' influential, and the caMlnir of the teacher [ advancing In thepopularestlmatlon. The la *! decade ot years has witnessed a wonderf revolution In litis particular. Teaching Is t *j longer looked upon as a menial avoeatlr 1 and a? detrrndlng In Its tendereles. Such sc ' tlments are matksof isnoranco and of a pll 1 alile fsilse pride, and they dare not give ther * selves expression. In the ranks of theteacl '; ers today we And not only the represent ! lives of the sturdy manhood and honest ye "! tnanry of the country, hut those In who j veins trickles ecu tie blood as well. Whv, 1 was only the other day, if we remember cu ! rectly, when the papers stated that thedaug terof Mr. Gladstone had taken u^-on hcrsi \ the garb of a teacher. Indeed, to' be a ped 1 unfile ill lis oisiiier, ...... ,v *' nn ambition which would reilcrt honor npr . the son of England's qn.-?en. Ever stive tl ; utterance ot those prophetic words, in tl ' sweat of thy face sliult thou eat. bread." ho " est toll hits heen attended with health an 7. happiness, and It is a sure evidence of pr 4 cress and refinement when society yields 1 it honor also. In our Judgment no profcssioi at present, save perhaps that of incdlcin ! presents so Inviting a field in which to lain Ills that of teaching. There Isa growing d maud for educated talent In the schools i 1 the country. The force of the poet's word 'Prink tlrcp'ir tnxte nntut the plerlini srrinc Is lies;illniir.? to be felt as it was never felt n | fore. A gradual advance forward N licit: 1 made all along the line. Theeducational sy ' tein is undergoing n thoroughexamination i nil of its parts, and tho school machinery being Improved upon and perfected. Tl ' standard of (scholarship in the schools, hot ' literary and professional, Is belnsr elevatei - and even the slansrexpressions, ' bunted" ar */eM" are indicative of the progress of tl times. The school text-hook * are helm; r ' vised by ;:bl"sch<ila's. and new and Improve J; editions are constantly Issuing from ihe pre* ' i Tho financial status of the Institutions i ': learning is being placed upon h surer footim ''and each year w|ine?-ses the endowment i I new professorial chairs. Thus we see cv ' I deuces ot ad vnncericnl on every side, ofihl ' tact we may rest assured: there will !? 1! greater demand for professional teachcis du : : lug Ihe next ten years than there has eve ' yel liecr.. Young men wlio graduate wit ' | distinction and then repair to the iinlversii 1 j and quaiify themselves for some special wor i will be both appreciated and -ontrht afte Previous to the war It was not unusual, w believe, on commencement days, when tli ' j llrst honor man had delivered Ills valcdietor ' i oration, for the governor,or some other pron Inent frentlcman. to apir< ueh him and. wit ' I the congratulatory hand, Invite him Into tli j profession of the law, to win for himself hoi | or and distinction. If the young gentlema 'who bears off the honors of Ids" class In 'f . . . ?i.i.i.. ?.i,? t?,?f ?uni(. luiliori *: ICPIS nuniiiiK ?inii*i ? * I hie ambition for distinction and foriin i-s ! ti-iuli (I Meld of usefulness, lio Nm'l do b. ttc ' I than devote himself to the calling; of u leucliei I I THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SCHOOL W0R2 Npoil I lie Rod mul .Sparc (lie ChildI.ovc In CJodN Mo?t Kffpcllve Instru incut for Hie Regulation oT Our Rc linvlor?.Noft mul Sweet Attrnrtlv ( riHT, Mnnliiics*, Gvnllonm am Honor, En<i?-nllnl to tlio llijfliCM Tjpi't or Womanhood anil .Uiiu hooil. ESS AT DV ntOKESSOn (iKOI'.OK C. IIODOK! I A. M., FHIM'II'AL OF THE NINETY-MX U 1(1 II SCHOOL. Hon. Jsis. II. Smart of Iiuliunn says, "Th best and most valuable things wo have ar the children. The highest human inteiest aro centered In llicir welfare : and the greai I est earthly duty we have to peifiirm In to hithat I hey m o properly reared and educated. I llonce the theory of properly rearing them bt comes one ol great Importance to the I cache to parent, and to the pupil. In teaching, as in all other vocations, ther !arc visionaries who picture to us modi | schools and model teachers with perfectlo I hardiy attainable and idea" and methoil wholly impracticable. Though we canon contemplate these imaginary models wltliou some profit and without a "thrill of emuloti sympathy," yet whei> a diiect application) theoretical ideas ami methods is made t our dally school-room atla.rs we often fin that they lack the buck bore or comuio .-en.-e, and thi- young teacher becomes dii couraged because tie cannot r< acli these linag nary modelsaud because the theory and th practice do not haitnonize. Why do they nc harmonize? Is II bi came (he teacher is dct clentlu tact ami ability t<> apply theiheor to the praelical operations of I he .school room? No; the theory, too often, is a tin belched hypothesis, not predicated upo otporlmental knowledge, and hear* tri practice exposes It* essential wiak- hi nehB and error. What then! shall we tlii discard nil theory In the school-room T By no stf means. Theory nnd practice in school work ba i are v?ry eloHoly rivaled. Theory 1h depend- J ' ent on practlco for Its Illustration and proo? |m ; nnd practice Is mnd<t more ettectl\e by the- wl ory. Their union under proper rf?triction* <?t : procures the hli:hc<t lorms of siicci-hs. The to 'dcoiO of the nutijcct, however, Ik ho brou'l. h< land the time for it's discussion ho limited hi that I can touch upon only a (low milieni In points. I wish 10 >peak brletly or Home unit- w ters connected with school work that I deem <|t of practical value lo teachers. at Let us flmt, then, flx definitely the limits of b< h?JiooI work oi For a Ion-; time the educatlonnl world held 01 the view that the teacher"* province wan to I at develop the mind an-J the body only?the cd-1 in iii-ntlon of the moral nature belr.R lett to riie ; ej cluirch and to parenis. The limitation was | it expressed iiy the well known proverb "Sann j V mens In siino corpore." Rut through the Vi Itilliience of Christianity the nior.il element tl I has been added lo the definition of elocution,1 w Jand the provlnco of the iiacher has i>e. n i pi i wis ly enlarged soa* to einlnare the "d<?vcl? *ji 'opmnntof whntever Is g'>>d mid desirable In j Ie human nature." The maxim of the wise ti master-builder of character is, pi If ;"HohulliH too low who builds beneath the ?i | skies." p( I Ills aim Is, as T)r Porter says, "Character and ' nllU 'o?character firs'." ' I In tin* practical application of this thpory 11 there Is a wide difference as to the tie-t ineth- ? jod-? to attain the best character and the hlgli-i Jr estcuUnr.'. P I That Is a narrow and filce conception ofl11 headline which confine* our efforts to whatl"1 ' *??? l?nnri . r v t'.rnioil -'thi" Iiik'IckI. and ?"OVfl ' *" I proivRs" or "the pouring In proce*#." Thfir?'j"i | are many thine* whl>-h It I* nece-s iry for i<? : " I to t?;I our pupils, but it i? not nil, nor Is It Mic ' . ' most Important part of the I bencher'* work. I" iThls Inclination to tnlk, and lei I what wo! r' ; know thoroughly ourselves, becomes, foott- 8< 'Ien, a mnsier passion that utterly unfits us P1 ; i for iiood work and large result*. But nlua! "Men may come and inen may go i Bot this goes on forevor.'' If wo wou!d accomplish the be?t results w> must be continually reminded thai, the r-hll! d'-cn are ciyworlyr* with tit In their own edu, I cation. Independence nud j>oir-reHanc" aro 1 factor* In the problem of life which the tench- I' . er should not forget. Instruction alone will ! 1 not develop these gre;>t elements. There Is | need of j-omc other method to move in vliror; ous activity the various powers and prore?ses < , of the mind. Hence the drawing out In order land proportion the natural resonces <rf the , j child 4 mind, and of which he l? unconscious, ,I Is another and more Important part of Hie j! teacher's work. We have then Instruction ,land education, but these are not all. The . j tcachcr must superintend nn<1 direct all the f! proce-s?s hv which f??ct?. well mustered prlnI clples. and well developed powers are utilized . I to best advantage. This training element I* j by no means bh nnlmporiant pnrt of school , | work. Wre mny plant n tree or vine In fertile .soli, and with sun-lilne an l shower* It wilt . soon send out lis banclie? In every direction. . But he who looks for the best. vlc!d of frnft Is , not satNfled, simply, wl'h fertile fill, balmy , sunshine, eent'e shower, nnd rapid growth: f but thi-re Is need of pruning, trnlninir, nnd , careful wnt<hl?K before the ??? ?!. results are ' attained. So also must the child's mind lio , trained nnd witli-hcd. "Crewdi-wi vlffilam o |? ? , the prlcn or thut Inlallteeni, prlndpfc'1 llher- | j ty which Bacon tells us, is fame and wisdom j and pntver. : This, then, In our limitation. Let us next c I lnntiire how this can he accomplished. ( The greatest requisite In successful tench- , . I iter, next to knowledge?general nnd special? i . issklll In mana^oment. Just here most of not , fail. The young and earnest enquirer after the t , best methods of school management will, ? , always tlnd those who feel duty-bound to ! f j give some rratultous advice. They give their U e re?lpe In this way: "Wrlto off your rule*, and po-t them In a conpicuous pl'ice, and for!, t every vtoatlon use the rod freely, nnd you If will have no trouble," nnd, as If to show the i t j practical value ol their advice, the.v tell us, L 8 Ituedlo get it and iim r got a lirk amitt."! ] . Oilier*says. "U e moral S'-a^lon. Whlpnlmtls:, ( a barbarous cuftorn of tin* olden times, and j n un<ter no circumstances ouxni a rcacuer, wnu j 1( mo-lern fdeas and methods, to Inflict the rod .. on Ills pupil*." Some recnmmfttid the Mrrit\ nnd Demerit system; some again, "Keeping! In" after school; some think that. "Conduct' Rrportu" will prove h panacea for had con. I duct; while others ndopt David's m-thodof] i. onstine the Devil wl'h nuurie. With th<*se| !. different and conflicting theories hofo-e him I and th'lr respective eh?mplons c'nmorons tor! t'ie u'l'intlnii of his plnn, the hewllded teacher I enters the school roum to mnlc a practical , te tot the who'e list In succession, ami often lP tlnds a' la?t ih;tl they ore powerlc-s to suhp <lue the Irrepressible boy. Then the truth v flushes on him: n "TTn^acy lie the heads of all who rule ' The mo-tso hi3 whose klni'dom Is a school." e e Not until the tenehc I*?nrns tbntmoredcn ponds on thn man than the pf'in will he ever *. Mud that the tusk of rearing th? fender p thought Is In any measure delightful. No? if nntil h" has learned the Important truth th?t lie iimsL exercise a sound discretion In the 1 I? application, as well ns;eholce of a p n,will he' >> a'tnln suc<*e?? In this dop-irtiuent of s-honl |1 ?f work. To she tench'T who ban tin* ambition ;i 0 toS'icecl nnd the iroort sense to adapt them 1 to own clremnstiincvi, an acriutnntniioo with |' i- these different plans will hi of some practlml i I a value. I* There l? one course In school management!' h which my exoerbnee and observation lend e tome recommend lo the earnest considers1 i' Hon of my fellow teachers. Tt is the natural. and dlvlnp method of I'overnment. I.ove |g : ?e God's ino-t efl"?llve lustrum-nt fir the rejni-, e In'Ion o*" our behavior. nnd to this Is supc'y added not ho wueh the ?-vrit)j as the CTtain1 <'.?/ or punishment In cusps of wrnn-'-doln*. ie The conise pursued In a we'1 rei'uinted'fnml'y d Is the right course to pursue, with some few i; modifications, f'T h<* regulation of a school. Let m" nl' tive lo yon in BH?Mcal frms what m mnnnT ?>f m?n it faHv-r ouch' 'o b" He Is ; "blameless, 'he husband "f one w'f?. vlillanf,. e snher. of t'ooil h?-hav|or, i?l von lo hospltnllty. i >r aft to Icnch; not -riven to wine, no airlk?*r, i (nt least. In one -cnsei not greedy of filthy li 1n?cre; but pill lent; no{ a hrawle-, not civet, 'd ons: one that ru'eth we'l his own hon?e, havle Ing hlsehlld'Pti In siihleeMon with ell sravl. >' tv; moreover he must have a good re|?ort | of thpni which a>-c wlthont; not donMe-' ie tonifiied." In a school governed by such a r leneher let. me mention some things thnti \v ough? to he done and will fee done The will | ii nriliniiinnhur Is amirenie hut the llhertvofi >< llicchlld Is ?o fur restrained a< Is npccssiiry I Id to prpvpnt Inwle-sness nnd to conduce to jjenro mil wcITtp. Al! thoughts nnd feelings, mo- t ie Mves nnd acts, nre "in I nUttcrs of love nnd feed j p- his sncrcd Annie.'1 Roys nrc known to ho, p- botfixh, nnd nrp not expcc'ed to behave like e< the crown person. The merriment. nnd fnn I >11 of youih 'tre not repressed by frowns and re-' f buk<s. The tench or does not try to Impress i 1. noon the hoy that every lan-rh. every Joke: id nl-.iyed upon others, every piece of boyish ' fmt. Is only n stor> towards the callows or the of pp.nltentinry. Access Is alwnys allowed to of God's crent bie?slnc of pure wnter nnd pnre 'Ii air. Whispering nnd tnlhlns?a weakness: 0- eornmr.n to ns nil?tlionrh wisely restrained,, d nre no' made oflVn?es ihnt demand iho iilll-\ >'e mum *upr>Hclum of school govern ment. There! a |s n jn'Mous I'lf'rnallon of work and play, v, The yonns?-8t,?nemhMrs of the school soon d. learn Mint the w >ll? nnd furniture nre not In- i fs tended for bnUrlin bonrdj, or for a rtlsplny of es rieeor'tfiv* art I n chalk and chnrcoal. They >?- nre ntTectlnnntelv hut emphatically reminded ; rd th'it the window panes are not tnrgels for) ip ?itnu'-sli"t? nn<l hrlek-bnts. In this school, pn- \ or tlence nnd love do their perfect work. Every st ?rnmmatlcnl error, every breach or cood be-, n- hnvlornnd politeness, every net of unkind-, d- ness nnd d I "obedience, every tendency to i 1? selfishness nnd mnllclonsncs", every appear-' Is mice of roudmess nnd hardiness, nr.d pvpry i id deviation from tenth nnd honesty, every sign ns of ii hnii'.'hty n"d overhcarln? spirit. Is noted ; ipr nn<l corrected rhrrrftiUu. p'tllenl'j/. nnd prriUt-1 Is entiu. "Softnessand sweet attractive crace'M nl In and in>inllne??, (r-ntlencs*. nnd! d* honor In the bovs are cultivated a? virtues and crncn? cs^nfal to the highest type ofj re rnnnhood nnd woinnnhood. b The rule of right Is the unwritten common! ii l'iw of the s^hoo1. Upd"r ?nch oircnmstnm-es re the school Is a dclk'htfnl p!nc\ and Its very Is atmosphere of |<?ve, diet fulness nnd oh/>dl-j 'i etipe. stlmnl'lc* a healthy irrowth of noble ul s>'n'lto?*nts nnd K'-nefs without which educa>o c;itlon lshut.fi sIMcd pathway to d< struetlon. < >n This is God's plnn of government. It Is Iruo ; n- flu) tin the early nc"? of the worM's hl?t'?rv j I- nnd moved mnn lo obedience In rifely through ' CiTir, ni?d tho Inw wan promu'iritrd In terror: i- t/inn xhnUnot: bnf now Iho Inoeptlveto obedl-! n- prion Is love and the law In "filetscd are yr if <?- iir iln." Rut .ccne one may wiv Ihnt tbf*| ri'IiimiIf contain ro inanv lll-l>red children j It that thin roni.ic wou'd hp too impracticable> if- and we->k to rosnlnlo th'-lr behavior. "Younjr: li- people" any tliev "need Mcht rein* lo conirol; If them." Tint, fel'ow Iwhcr^. tight rcln? do a* .not a I wny-- control. A learned Jii 'kp tells n? ! ? tlv>t "Tbp rulp? of civil ?oel?ty. I ke thnso of >n ! r wo 1 rovorned family, * !ruT n? to conform our le j general behavior to t!io rules of propriety, i ie i gooil neighborhood. a"<l cood manner*, and j n-1 io he decent. Industrious, and inoflVn?|ve In' 'd i our r'sncfilvc staMon?." The plan here re-, o- commended Is 'iirsro'y the plan In civil society.' to, I rjnoto from a preamble to a statute passed I In the mltrn of Kdward VI: "Nothing Is e, j more Oodlv, more mire, more to he wl?he | >r j nnd do*lr?d. betwixt a Prince, tho supreme " I l.?.wl nnrt ruler nnd the subject wlio^e ir"Vorn. r?f [or mxl head he Is, than on the Prince's part ' great clemency and Indnlgency. and rather .''(too much forgiveness and remission of his < 1 ro.val power and hist punishment, than exact i", s"verliv and Jubilee to he showed: and on the ?- subject's hehall, that they shoti'd ohev raih^r n for love Hml for the necessity of a Kins and I* I Prince than for fearofhls strait and severe ie1 laws." The RMine lenrned Judge from whom h | I have Jt'st quoted says: "Jt Is a kind of il.; quackery In government nnd argues a want i<l; of solid skill to app'y the Fame nnlversal io I remedy to overy mse of difficulty. He must c-ihe cFtneincil a weak and cruel "urgcon who dieut off every Mmh, which through Ignorance i s. or lnd"lence, ho will not attempt to cure," i>f Whatever bo the experience ol my fellow-, e. teuchers In this matter. Ill* my experience 'f i that whenever I Inflicted punishment IndlsI-1 crlmlnHlely In matters of Indllferencc, there i-* i has been In tlie school nn nndcrcurrent of tea j belllon, spite, and re'allatlon. in some form, t'-j which not only made government harder, , r hut tended lo check th* amhlllon of the pnh I plls. to parallze their Industry, nnd retard .v their general progress; and whenever I have U 'gone Into the seho il room, as I wou'd Into f. ,'mv family, with cheerfulness, go.-xl nature, o! tender forbearance, and great clemency nnd o i indulgeney, I have had the host government y ami the most sntlsfactor.v results in rny expo- i > rience as a teacher. It has b< en truly said i h that "Tswe ontj/ it the. price for love." I hellevo i >o that It deposes the pupils to regularity, punc I tuallty. quiet, order, anpllc?rion, diligence, < n and attention. The very attitude of the pu- I >t pil's mind and heart, made si-rene by the i- power or love ror mo leacm-i. k>> ..v ! | der.slnnding for the exorc'so of Its hit'host t functions, and the memory for Its most last r ! ing Impiesslons, | Here are a low simple line* for concert reolitaiion which will prove to teachers of lowor , grade schools an effective instrument of school ' government: "Kind looks and smiles so loving, And duties promptly done, Oh! these will mnke our school-life as pleasant as thesnn ; Then let us all keep trying To do the host we can t. To make mr school life pleasant I j I'or 'tis the wisest plan." t | It would bo Interesting to discuss that Im_ portant part of this subject?the curriculum ; of the schools, and to what extent a revision | is needed. We might discuss profitably the j best way to leach history, geography, pen| manship, spelling, reading arithmetic, Ac., and the best text books on the subjects; the , prize system, school exhibitions, tOc. These I i|uostlons come properly within the pervlew I of this Mil>Jectanit nil of them arc questions ! of great practical value to the teacher. Hut lime will not permit. Let us consider briefly e ,i... i?.?t niun .if 0011111101111? n recitation. ] The first step In to command the attention ! of tlie class. This Is recommended by nil writers on teaching. Attention Is the first step i In the acquisition of all knowledge,and with-; out the careful cultivation of it no substantial results will ever be accompli shed in the ! school. i i The concentration of our minds on any one thing, to the exclusion of all else, has ever been esteemed a rare mental endowment, and it is surprlslcg that wo teachers do not put forth greater olforis for Its development. It is the extent to which this faculty is developed that makes the difference In the progress of our scholars. By it we are enabled In our , musings | ; "To find tongues In trees, books In the run IIIIIU mu\in^ I* Sermons In stones, nnd good In everything." oi A ninn Is not. master of himself until he Is it I muster of his own powers und resources. At- j 1.1 ten lion l'Ives us this complete mastery of our. y mental resources. I 1.1 We 11'iioheissometimes vnlnly imnsinc that: r-1 our fluent talks and clear expositions of a n 1 subject are cle.trly understood, and are slnfe.i i i tf<Vop Into the mctrorla* of ovr youthful! urcre. u the truth wore known, w? *ould| id, In mauy tni-tanceii, that tbe proc*M !* Inklngly sliallur to pouringwultron a duck'tm rk. [Jut. how shall wo gpt that Attention trhl'-t?B hi Indlspena I have awn ttie plan, lilch I won id hero recoinmrnd, advocan-U l>y her*. We aha 11 pre-umt-anii it otr,<tH notB e u "vMcnt ]tre*utm>tiot."?Uiu.l Hie hwhtfl iha general knowlokcof the >wcvcr.extcnalvc and acruntto formation may i>c U*t him ? special freparation, with the UetalU mid, xtaQ'.linv i A i the hi* eye* ha* 11 rewards, rmiii ikrs his ey* lloti^^^^^^^^^^^H fu<tHn:iilni: power of (he e know le*snlxmt the ! sson^^H^H^^H Our mlmu lire eniployed^V^^^^^^H ues'lonxiiml our eyes in liuutln* i-t?*a?l or both bohia us*! to ch ?ln ihn aWB ntIon and arouse the undpmtindlng of tl-.uH apll. Special pignoration Is the sunut wuyl gnl-i the hHenlion mid nrouselhe nnde*S Andlnv; without thl* ourteiicblns wl.l luckfl j\wr, uoint nml nd i>Uifcioir. M I nnt iidtiioulshrd tnut my time lies txpfrj I. 1 hire 1- much lliut might bo wild arnlfl liit I wanted to wiyon thl* particular i>>ia-?fl sc u ol work. In iei-il the whole time nJ-m it toil to tills paper mUht have b>-en <le< oted,j ontuicy, iouio (iiscnenivii ui on 01 attention. I fut re seen tit to treat ihixH iiij#cl in a practical way, hoping to len?fl hotrevrr lllfe, lomv friend* whufl re Hnxnueil in the hird, UmnJ;Uu, but. r-;>ponU ble vocation of teachinp. I,i'i uk remember that xiircpw* In tevehlngH io* not come from chance, or plcucant nur? itndlnas.or comfortable ami well f ir?l?h?iH ;hool-n>oiii8, o- the adoption of "N">iwr DoM urinres" It. methods. or bio talarie*. "It Li in ounelvet thai we are thiu and thus." THE STATE AND FREE EDUCATION. fl ii It Xce?*?ry to Tax Oae Xu I4I Educate Another Ku'i C hild r*fl llan the Stole tlic RIeht t* Katfl Oue Man to Enrich Another T-J Should the Ntwte Amame Paleraafl Relation* to the Child ?-Dom ? ofl C1UIIV X>U(IVI>I?WH vvp?af? mmmvs rent of the Honeat Pride wfcfttlH Should Stliiiiilatr Him to Wtiii J for tll( We! fit re of JIls Child ? Is \ot State Education In VlotoH tlon of the ttenncnitle MmMH of America, and In IailtatJ^^HH the Action of Dcxpotlc CernJJU WSAT HY W. P. CALII0U5, ESQ., OF TD* ABBKVILI.K BAB. I It h.r? fill'ft l to my lot to dlsrun* to-day. lh? ui.jo.1 Of Krcfl l-'.ilucntlon. TIiIk 1* a * ujccS n which Mi** people, not only o" c-.aih Cxrofl II1H, but tlMJ people of whole Ji Ited SltrlcB ,re JiiKt now coiisfdi'rnbly Interested. It tM mo o: I he lending political and noclal topics < lie d ty and with the limited ti'ne lit my di? o-;:l, I do not propose to $o In'o on rxhnoi? Ivo Ire.iil.se, bill, will iiavc to lit ut the m.ittcfl n an nhftrnct m.wn?r. . I itrfdtTstaud by Free Education, nn rducJB ion stlven by ? stale, and iubje<'t io rot, t-o the eitlxen entirely free of tultloH e 's. This la tiie common accepttulon of thH crin. Two question* naturally ari*e to my mln rheneiter I chink on the matter of Free Edi atlon. One l?: In tt right and ncwixn hut Iho people have public nltl in order t 'ilncnte lht> chlld-enf And the other It i>i? the Stnte a rlgbt to five aid toberdt ion* for thU psn wr Mitch hns been written nnd *ald on the ma er of free eddcatfon, but it acem* thatagi tnvc fnll?d to convince the people of tl .vorld that- the trovcrnment ha* t*e rlalit I xtend eiiucat'on to t'<e mii?w at tbe expem >' tlie stale. The relation which cdiicatta -tfurst to the government, It* effect* npoofi Islnn hnrl momlK ami Its effect* aan preven ve?fcrlme. muxtnll bn tab en Into due eonJli ration, thoroughly weighed and the prop* mine attached to eneh, but a* t remarked 1 >he out?et, limn forbid* d-tnli to any greale: t?nt. It l? jjtronuly contended that a Stu 3m n right, o tax the property of one man I inter to educate the children of another wt I* n't ?o fortnnnt" us to own enonzli proper! to educate his children: but ha* she u rluht ? In answer to thl?, I will Brat present none of th? a'irumcnt* n*cd t?y tho*e whoanicwi Hie qne?iion in the nftrmntlve. Th ?e contend n Stotc bn* the rlsht. not h muisp a man who h?? a ompcwncv owiw education to Die children of hla lent fart^M irnto neighbor: not bec.-ui'-'e !ho unfortana^l nr Indolenthaas c'alm upon the stafe, nrfl not be<*aii.?o the State o\tpm nn <dti<n'lon S the wr'hy or thn unworthy: but hocan^H ihpowe?li t<> hera-lf. that h?r life ,ti it. To make t'-o?r- that p>??ea* erelirn nowerand those that, *l?ld hrrdea^H ni'*s Inie'llcent, "lie mn?i nan ovpry manna iH hnr power. They further ndil thl*a? a rwol Thnt n** ahe hnx the rljrliI to bolld fort* nrfl men of wnrand to arm and to wjulp and trahi nrmlp* In order fo protrrf hfrnclf t 01H the Jn<aa!on of ro^s from wlihout. *o ?lS has the rlclit to educate the ma?wi f<tr ttH purpose* or averting from herself, hj rirvall loir th?? morn! character of her citizens, jH rotripvfihlo rnln ?hl<h would follow tfl Intrnrtln? the enactment nnd execution her laws to an nneducatcd people. In I hIs connection I n-l It state tint the e^B octrnent ami execution of our lnw? nhonld d>ne by intelligent men. and that of ooarsH the noverelvn power or our rovernment^H vested In the |>e<iple. We mtwt have Intel^l pi-nrenmonjrntirlaw maker* and officers,^! wo oinwi a due orotcation of our IJve*. Ilh^l ty nnd properly. Tnklnsr ttie ld-im of persons as h crltelron. It will be ob?erv ibut Uk? whole responsibility of every Itel 1^ thrown upon the government, nn>l reller the fltlzon of every care. This I* *tret<hlt the powernnd rights vented In It to too*r* an oxtr-n'. Snrely something nigit be le(ll the tndlvlduiil to perform, el*e, the tfbtvr im-nt. will be mndo en Immense nnwIcW nnd rentrallzed pow<>r. It al?o deprlrefct citizen of Melfwellanee and multni himfh (Tent to h(? truo duties and obligations to bit self nnd the rest of mnnklnd, It chokes o Individual exertion nnd enterprise, n cutsos tlins" who have not. to rely upon I pur?cs of those who have. Thin 1* a danu< nn? relianceand every mean* should be# erird to crush It out. Hoc* any one for a n inent Kupt>o<? thnt If *n unthrifty man ltaj ti-rlfty neighbor, whom he knows he mo re on for mnlnlenaneeiharthlsunthrlfl.y pen* Is coin* Io exert hlm?elf to any decree to b ter his condition? No: but he will roon I gin to lo'ikuron thechnrlly of >!* neighbor hi) inherited light, an j he will be Inclined recent nnr Infringement of It. Wliy. th? will not thl* same role apply to tb? who which Is the government, a* well natoasl ?i?> i. hivi.imii r If the unfortunate dtlk Know* that the government will etlnrule n rhlMron al I ho ex pence of the fortunate. H orconroc. will rely sol?!y npon tliccove^H ment and nae the inenn* of tbn forttnif^B man n.? thotieh they were his. Deptlve tJW 1pm unfortunate pi-rnon of th 1h re'lanre all he will make otrennoux efforts tnnlnnittfl own children r.nd these efforts will l>e of m<^l Ivneflt to him <han In thl* r<?*pect alone. ttIU cive him more manhood, more vlfa^H nee, more M>lf-e?pect ntxl en-e, l?oth of thought and action. anfi^^H further enable him the better to hattln wH the care* nnd troubles of life. It Isnott^H duty, neither bun a State a'rlght to *lve ald^H her citizens for educational pin-poses, but i^B the duly of a state to instill into her xubJe^H th? nere**lty of an education nnd to mdt^l them to use every me n? tn their power, Individual exertion to get It. It neetns tome that no relation e*|*U tween education, or.rather the right tits^l stite has to educate th" mn**p* nnd right to build men of war and to keep 11 p a^H train i<rmle? to protect It from foe* from wl^| out. Peii.np*. I cannot pee deep enough It^B the matter to make thedlucovery. Foe* fr^l without am eometblnir over which we a^B peop'e have no control. When we prov^H nc::i iu-t foes to our live*. Ilb"riy and P'oncJH - .1 Weareonty lonowns wc us hy nature. When mankind bands its^l Into erours, known as irovcrnments, the In^H v11!n- Is of cnch i'fu'ornmcnt nrc a* one Slid It miwf proteet lt*?*lf atfalnst thftatfsc^H of any of'he o'her croup*. a* the Indlvidi^B would protect himself from (he at'aek^H nm.ihw Individual. This protection arali^B foe* Iroin without then Is altnplv a IiivH nature which we find works well enough^| trimfer It to oar statute books. Educatk^H however. resolves It^Hf into nn Indlvtdf^H ol>li:rn'l"n existing between the parent a{H the chl'd. The law, or rather governmrfl says tn the <-1117j?n, T protect your life, llbei^B nnd property, provider! yon swear all^a to m" and obligate yonrself to tutly p<rfo^B the functions of n cltlten. Th* child nmfl deprive the father of his life, liberty or prr^B ert.v. until he become h eltleen. The ffovet^B ment then stitariintoes pro'eellon. Ac., to t^fl citizen, nnd It la a po0rHn7.cn Indeed who^H not willing to exert himself In behalf of thr^H who ure of his own flesh and blood. As t^l government hy itanrtlcleof federation blc|H itself to the rlt'z'n, so the citizen by duties and obligations to this governmental bound to perform every dnty to his chl^| Wliv should a t-oven>mont or State hea^H m< re nhliga'e'l to o'lueiitf the children of t^H land fre? of tnltlon feo?. V an to m*lnfi^| them. To maintain ourself is the atrmur^l law of nature and about the next atmng^H law of nature Is the maintenance of our sprlns. Th*? e?tnentlon of the child la Hfl much the Individual duty of the parentfli^H Is the duly of that parent to maintain The elilzen knows that If the cnlldgrows^H without a pTip-rertuc Hon nnd training, wl^H ther-sult will he to the Ilfeol that child, he knows that if he does not furnish with food what the re?u!t will N?. AOHj tlien. I ask acnln. ?hould the St??te s^^HK nnd a iy: I will educate your child. must maintain it? T contend Hint a hn? not the il 'ht to make the fortnnate rate the un'orlunate. hut that she hns rleht to use any means to nro'eet lipr subje^H front bodily liOrm and the other right*an^H nnteed them. It is simplv a duty thatt^H Pllizon ovvrs wir .11. ?? - . ^v... the care that 'he government take* of rind Ms property. that lie educate thech^H "iifflel^ntlv to enable him to properly und^H tfsiiul hl? several tutiex nn<l obll"allon?^H the government nn-1, If no-ca^ary, tohecnl^H r?n?' or those who cnacts or one who execut^M the inw. H| To updertake So mnke education nnlven^H that Is to extend free education to the mass^H Is a stu epdotis rrw'erlnktnir pnd hear* nrnell<nh|'tty on Its face. We do not comp^H hend whnt in meant when weuse'hete^H Free Kduci'tlon. Our farcical attempt in tl^H ^tate is sometimes called by that name. Its friends seem to take srrewt dell-ht In spe?|H I nt; of t he schools of the Stateas "frreschool^H nut it Is a misnomer, and at be*t can only^H :alled a stimulus offered on the part ofl^H ^tate to advance the cause of edueflti^H l'lils pittance should not be levied, as It is tSB institutional. I do mean unconstltntU^H il. If yon take our fitate ConstltiillflH ror a criterion, hut I do mean that Itlswh^H you co Into the true relations existing (ween the government and the governed, a^H iave shown above. However, let. us return the Impracticability of free education. und'Tstand those 'bines around us bct^H ;han we do those that are at a distance, *n^H will use South fa roll pr as an illustration*? ;he Inpracileablllty of the matter. M'e have, to speak In round number, o^H nllMon inhabitants. These one million, n^H ??' n hnir million rtollnrs for cducatioi^H surposes, nn<l the schools of the State I ttai^H tin on an average of about throe months^B >aoh year. In the State there nre three ht^H l-ed thousand children of school ape. N'H n order to elve these children n frccedu^H Jon. that is, an education free of tnltlr^H t would require lit len?t nn appropriation HI !be State of fifteen dollar* per pupil. makl^H he tremendous sum of four million inn?'red thouf.nnd dollnr? In taxes to |^9 evled from the p-orerty holders of the Sta^H IV e must add to this the expenses of the n^H hlnery of the free schools. Out of the pr^H 'nt amount appropriated, one hundred a^H wenty-nine thousand, nine hundred a^H ilnty-four dollar* Is required to pay sch^H >xrorsos. other then the salaries of teiichc^H Should theSt -te undertake to have"h* naehlnerv dlrectlv under her mnnafremrflH ?ml make the ?chool? really free schools. tl^H Ka Andit IneP/tnGAd TS~t. mnn sny fo the people of South CaroU^H :hnt tbev niu?t ho taxed to ral?e four and oBH inll million* of dollars to eduente Ihe rl^H Iren of the Sinf nml he would nlm^xt^H nlled n lunaMe. If Ik not prnetlcnhle to 'nj^H r>enpl? for this purpose, and If I* a pro?>l<^B that theeltlzon ntn?l hoIvp for himself. wnnot rrlv upon <ho Stnfo. It sounds v<^H rrnnd for polltUlnns and other U> err r^B Ihnt "t'c? people mint be cducntcil."