Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

y.vfrvxJJu w?xraf???i j te Press and Banner. Uy Ilujfli Wilson. ? . . I .... L 1. i. Wednesday, March 5, 1884, U.L - For several weeks tiie County Commissioner* have called ilso attention ot landowners to the law requiring thorn to reinovc from the runniiij; si roams on theii luuris "all trash, trees, rails and timhci during th?; monthsol March and September in each year." This is hy no mean> h new law, though the fact that it ha* * 1 HkilL'i) if 111 i ! iPfl 1 IIVVIT oueti ( Iiiu.vvu > >. ......... .. ?r, so to the "land-owners," and the etl'orl <>f the Commissioners to have it executed is praiseworthy. Tho channels of our running .streams should not be so choked wjth brush and trees :ls to impede tho llow of the water, and it is important that the timbers and trash already accumulated in them should bo removed.' lint the law says "in March find September." In March! Ugh!! The very thought of wading in Duncan's f'reok, which needs especial attention, in March, nroduees a chilly sensation. Its vaters do not get warm enough for thr seiners, til! late in the summer, and anv law that requires laborers to remove the r.ifts of brusli and timber from it in the month f?t" March is simply preposterous. ?Xcwberry Herald. We arc not so very certain of tho wisdom ot enforcing the drainage law as to t<vory stream at any time. But of course no man of ordinary intelligence would think of tho justice of a law which would compel a man to clear a crook of rafts iti March, when the water is cold and <vbeti tho stream is fuller than in any other month of the year, but we express a doubt of the propriety of cleaning out our streams even when the water i* low. The obstructions and tho winding course ol our streams are, in many instances, of incalculable hcnelittoour low lands. While the same rule would not apply to all lands, yet much of our lands would soon be ruined if the streams were sti'ftitiht9ned and the obstructions removed. The gradual descent of the waters through a serpentine course prevents the washing ol tho channels into deep cuts, which would sooner or later be the means of carrying I.IT all the soil adjacent. A very common error prevails as to tho effect of tho overflow of bottom land. By these overflow* tho land is brought to the highest degri of productiveness. But cut a deep ditch, __ J . ? ,i.? |..?1 Hnu fsirnisnifji mc ?.>cm .? ?..v. -v.v..... that the bottoms aro not overflowed, ami 4n five years the land will have lost much of its value. Unless there is unmistaka* ble and positive damage done by the overflow, let the streams alone. Of course, in cry lew, inar>hy places, drain ditches are needed?nothing more. When tho bed of any stream prevents the overflow of the land through which it runs, it ceases to have a value as bottom land. Itswoith then maybe estimated as any other level land. Knowledge is Power. That is just the reason the crar.y Democrats want to educate the "esteomed" negro. Tho negro being greatly in the majority, any tna.i of common intelligence knows that he will take possession of the Government as soon as all our roperty has been confiscated for his edu ration. The time will come when the inen who are responsible for the levy of u two mills tax for negro education, will have just cause to regret their course. What will future generations say of political leaders who saddle this burden upon us? This outrage upon our citizens will not down at anybody's bidding, and any effort to deny the fact that our people are conscious of the iniquitous burden will be simply a failure. Any pretense that our people are anxious to educate their enemies is the most hollow mockery. We do not deceive our own friends, and the Xorthorn men know that the pretense is false. Proud old South Carolina is cutting up nico I'urioru I iff; irf' f lir? world in nnnronria ting a third of a million dollars annually for negro education, while sho in paying not one cent of pensions to her own patriotic soldier*. In a little while the candidates will be in the field for Legislative honors, and we think it nothing amiss to give them the opportunity of saying whether they intend to continue the appropriation for negro education while our maimed and needy Co* federate soldiers go without pensions. Let those who would be willing to turn their backs on our own men and brethren speak out. We want to see the white man in Abbeville county who is willing to continue the tax on poor Confederate soldiers, their widows or their orphans, for the education of a race of people who have never shown one instance of gratitude, but who have sworn against us for no greater offence than that of voting for ?. oiigre.ssiiiHn ivihcn miu uuhtiiui Thompson. ?< ? From Circumstances which they Could not Control. We arc sorry to see the following paragraphs in the la>t issue of the Spartanburg Ilcrnhl. Messrs. Daniel and t'avis are worthy men, and it is to be regretted that business surroundings should lie such as to compel them to "step down and out" of journalism. As journalists they have been high and honorable in their standard, and we he j.e to .see their names again in the journalistic held: "With this issue of the llerald we 'step clown and out' as editor and part proprietor, as circumstances beyond our control leave us no alternative. Wc make this announcement with rejrret, especially as we bring to remembrance the kind feelings and hearty welcomes we received Irom our brethren of the 1'ress up >n first eotiLrol : but the tide has irone against us, and we ran hut philosophically submit to the inevitable. We return thanks to all who have mo many times befriended us, and to our enemies, if we have made any, wc oiler the hand of forgiveness. For those who shall succeed lis, we ask a helping hand, a kind word and a generoun support, for we feel and know that they will build up the Jtcruld to a point that il has never yet known. And with this we lay aside the pen ; and no fare well. Jl'i.ian \Y. Cavis. From eirami stances which wo eonld rol control, the books and weounts of this olttce have, from this date, been transferred to a joint stock company, of which Mr. T. J. Trimmieris the head. All unexpired contracts will be respected and all subscriptions made good. For the new managers we ask the patronage of a guncrouu public*. Daniel it Cavis. February 27, 1S84." The "Belter Dny" Dawning. An old Confederate soldier now living in Alabama, but who went to the war from Georgia, the other day wrote to the (ieoryia authorities asking il he could come in under the appropriation made by that State for its disabled soldiers. The reply was that ho could not. The Alabama authorities have received similar applications from old Alabama soldiers, and the answer, of course, has always been in the negative. It is hard that the Southern Stales have not been able to do more for their disabled defenders. When the better day that is dawning really gets hero our first duty will be to sue that no olil soldier drops into the grave from want. In tlio meantime subscriptions f>r the Soldiers" llo.no to be situated at Kiuhiuoud are in order.?Xrhna Times. The Southern States have no money with which to reward tlx'ir btavc soldicrs, but they have millions for the edncation of a people who never fail to sweat against us. Which aro tho most migrateftil? Tho negro who receive* our money without thanks or the white race win turn tb'ir old soldiers out to grass without a pension? South Carolina spend* more than a quarter of a million dollars anna'lly to educate her negroes, but nev or a cent, has she got to give to her needy old soldiers. The Educated Negroes iu Virginia art jnst like tlic Educated Negroes in South Carolina. The Democrats in Virginia who mn\ be cm*y on the subject of educating the negroes are now reaping a reward foi their philanthropy, and for ttoeii robbery of the white man. The col ort'd inen furnish all the testimony again.it the citizens of Danville. Note white man testifies ag;unst the Democrats But every Radical negro swears a train si Ms whito neichlx>r rijiht straight along? fche ciost "wl coined" liars befor iLe Congressional Com mi* tea bein^thc be.stedu The National Aid Tor Education. i Wo devote much of our space tliisi j week to the publication of the remarks! I of tho Hon. A. Coward, and tho lion. ! Hugh S. Thompson, before the Congres-1A 'jsional Committees on Education. Wei ; kuow that our readers will thank us for] ' i furnishing them tho opportunity to read | ; their speeches, which contains so much I jinformation on ho very important sub-' _ i ject as that of education. Those gentle-, . I show that over one-third of all our taxes ' * go for educational purposes, and It is, ; fair to presume that two-thirds of that' , j enormous amount go 1o educate a class of ^ i j people who pay very little into the treas- j lury? I From tho actiou of tlio Southern politi- j lei inn it would seem to be a tilt between 1 i each other to see who can spend more K[ ' monev in tho education of the colored ' ,: ; tc people, and it is reasonably fair to pre-, lt I. sumed that if Charles .Sumner and other:ttl j leading lights were alive to-day they! Si would feel ashamed of themselves for 11 i M i their coldness and indiffjron -e to the J u i welfare of the colored man. '! Atonetimowo favored a liberal sya-'tl (jom of e luxation for tlieno p??ple, but an |*' i. experience of fourteen or fifteen years at1 h I that work has provoJ tho error of tho ; course. At first, we thought by a liberal j ri and generous course to that race that wo | ^ " ? I !- 1...ill I ll would gun UlCir Il lOIl ISIlip auu S'? iunm, I j' and that tliej' would ut least divide their j 5, jatfo;tiou between the State and National j ' | Governments, and wo as his neighbor, ; p] ; would receive his porsonal friendship and j1(| goodwill. Hut we are thoroughly eon-isi ! vinced of the folly of any such a course,j {'j' 'i In no single instance has aii3' eonsidera- j ?c j bit number of negroes showed thoj^ 'i least gratitude to their white neigh-l' I b>?rs because of this or any other kindness,; in I but the greatest crowds of them canal- i81 i | ui ways bo depended on to swear anything ; w i that they may think will be detrimental *' !to our political interests, and it would j-'W ? I 31 jseom a little singular that at thoveryiot j moment these distinguished representa- j?' .tives of the different Southern States m : were exercising their ^tmost power in j ^ ' i their behalf, that carloads of these people . ' were then in the city of Washington j?,' ! anxious to swear to anything which !ci ! would prejudice our people. 'j Wo yield to no man in admiration lor i i G >vernor Thompson or Col. Coward, butj ! they are, in our opinion, laboring under >j< ' a mistaken notion as to the public senti-: ty j uieut of a majority of the white pooplo of i j South Carolina. Governor Thompson Is Jut | an enthusiast on the subject of education,! J," and his zeal for ;hat cause has perhaps| <1 led him to think more of the desirable- j u) 1 ness of attaining the end, than of the lc i n HI i hardships which it would necessarily en- !CJ jtail upon his own mon and brethren. jj^J I Our position Is this: Treat the negro:ce | fair and right in every business transac-JJ? jtion; pay him every cent that we muy!?' owe him; and when ho is taken into|?c Court, w? believe that our higher civili-j?1 jzation should prompt us to be scrupu-jf>< j louslj* lair and just to him. Ami we eon- ^ J tend that, as ho has been a freeman for cu j twenty years, that he ought to take care |j' | of himself; that it is none of our busi- In1 ness to look after him?(we will have sj, I enough to do to attend to our own affairi) vt j?and thai he should get his education ^ 'just as his white neighbor does, by honest ,u 'i toil. If education tits a man for higher |u and better places in life, it is a property! ! which ho should get in the same way he pc I gets his boots?by honest toll. j ! The speeches of Col. Coward and Gov-, ??> jernor Thompson show most plainly the {j} | monstrous outrage which is being per- ku | petrated on our people in the way of tax- pj i niton, j usi iuiiik 01 11. I'oor nineauuiu u | I Carolina pays annually half a million te I dollurt I'or educational purposes?twoI thirds of which go to the education of a ir | people who pay almost no taxes. j ^ ' But the strongest part of the whole pro- ih ceeding is that after appropriating a quar- "n ter of million of dollars to educate tho th negroes without the least sign of a pro- f,\ test, there are numbers of our people who m . . .. or oppose tho appropriation of twenty or in ! thirty thousand dollars for the higher education of the people who pay this enor- uc .nous tax for negro education. th | M tli We puggest that tho next meeting of, pj ' the State Press Association be held at cc j Spartanburg or Greenville just prior to ei the meeting iif tho Democratic National Q' Convention, and after the transaction of Jjj i business proceed to Chicago so as to be cy ; present at the great political pow-wow,' fc ! The presence of such a number of wise 01 | men may have a beneficial influence j {-"{J upon the deliberations ol the I onvention,! Kl, j and shape it to n glorious end. What saj'; fc ] our brethren of the State Press Assoeia-; tli ! tlon ??Lexington Dispatch. I ?'( ! The Pre.1.1 and Manner will vote against; w a Press Excursion this year. If We were j i to vote on a place of meeting we should j ! prefer to go to Columbia during the week c" i: of the Fair, or at any other time which J at I would be moro desirable or more cou- |]| ! veniont. ?l , , cl C( Solicitor Orr will be a candidate for | re-election to the ottice which he new holds. |j; ei Dbc West Dots. 1 Editor Pre** and Runner : ' 'I lnilldiiig lolH lire In quite a demand in this nl uliu-e. Tl.e noiuid of the carpenter and tin- L ! tier s hammer is heard on all Hide". ! Mr. W. B. C'llnkseales has Just put the fin1 Ishihg touches on a beautiful building, which 11_ ! is centrally located anil is an ornament to the ' |,i I town. !f i A neat tin roof Is being put on the ottleeof I j our worthy neighbor, the* Anxociale Jt./orm- | ,|( . cd /'feisbytrriun. Mr. J. il. Wren, a mostj j worthy contractor, has thcjib. _ Is it ?etieraliy known thai Abbeville conn-1 ! ty publishes nve newspaper? Tin* Abbeiittr j w j Puss and ISmincr, AObccitt* Medium, Halndu < Arum, Associate Ilcformcd Presbyterian and ! Little Banner. The latter a monthly. No ! h_ wonder Abbeville county should be called the I . ' Jlminer" county. Who can beat her ? [Our;t<1 correspondent forgot to mention Ihc Journal %| 0/ btUvrjn-ite j ; l>uc west observed appropriately the Day of '' ! Prayer for the colleges. isev. W. L. Press)y I ? and Ins ISoyct itnd Lindsay ofl1cii<ting. And; I this ittid-* lis to .-ny also that Abbcvlllccoiiiity j has two high grade colleges Mid one theolo^l-. ]eal seminary. Kive news papers and three!,. Institutions of learning. { I The committee on building the new church ] " ' art- I'tisy getting uj> materia. and b.ds for con- j' j struct ion, Ac. Nearly loi tyrtve tiundr-d dol- , f l.trs has i.een raised i?y subscription towards j , its election. The committee have secured an : elegant dcs.gu by architect Salloid of ISoslou. I P Wo. k Will pr ibably begin by the first of April : * ! or May. J f The old church building has been removed 1 and Joined to one wing of t lie female college I . building It has been nicely lined up ami j ,, | coven-d with an eie^ant neat tin roof. It Is: to be known as v?ini?lth* conservatory of! music," The flr.'t puhlicentcriainincnt given, J. ; in this bull I1111;. was held in the huge Music , 1 Hal-, on Friday ttie?t;h Inst, The number j j of pupils, liati reached two hundred this'!"' yeai. .so much beauty and talent could , not fail to ptoduce something elegint, and I this was I he general veullct Our l.ilicy was i J11 ! much strucK with the way "Two Cousins" : !'.e land 'The schoolmaster <>uests" were ten- '. I deied. We were aUo particularly pleased i , I with a nti:nber of beautiful solos, given by' j equally as beautiful women A grand cale?1' r thenlcH exhibition, presided over t>y .Miss;''1 ' I'eiilck. was tlie/i'tatf? ol th.s most enjoyable 111 | occasion. This institution is rapidly growing , ! in popular lavor. its increase number of! ; : sludii s shows this, as you stand In the campus : ' and face th.* college, Willi its new addition. It 11 is emphatically a "iilock of buildings" lorfn-1 lr< I intra hollow square nave one Mde. I I Our town N lo have a town cluck. Mr.. Safloid in hU de?lgn for Hie new church, lelt' a* | a pluce In dome lor the clock. J>r. Kd wards, | "l with a number of young ladies and gentle- i 00 ! inen gave u concerts in March lor mis purpose and nnllzed a h.m:l*<>me mini, J'hls J'1 i clock will cost some 33X) or W'JO and will sup- ; tl( ply u much needed want. II. : as Tlie Web of Life. nr j Wc stand at the wheel of life and spin, lr i And we draw the life threads toand/ro: v< i And the dark and light go Mending lu, j As the daylights come and the daylights go. cjp< I And mir fe?>t grow tired of ttie weary tread, 0| I And our hands grow tired of the endlettt ar toll. lint. eacti human s?>ul must spin Its thread, sc , And wind and color it, coll on coll; II: i We stand at the loom or life and weave , nr Theguiha Miat our houIs iub>>t ever wear, j . At tnu broken cuds and seams of oare. "l . For we cannot seet as the days go bv, 'V And the wheel whirls on its dull routine. in > Then we li t tin- fibres run ulwny, '. . t And that in the web they wlll'all b? seen, i i But nil must stand at the wheel and spin, j *?. j And, whether the wool lie good ?>r 111, ; The robe thut we met our maner In . [ Is woven here at the weaver's wlih To the splilt guiding Its work with care, ! A wiser then he will the web unroll; j And under the shuttle of put lent prayer rf j Will the garment shine as a pcrfect whole. P: >| It?' ] Girij? First.?The best husbands we ever I met came of a family where the mother, a ,1 i most Ut-roic and sell-denying woman, laid ?' I down the absolute law,.'-Girls first." not in " i any aiithui Ity. but first lo be thought of as to' pi ' protection and tenderness. Conseijently. the : .fl 1 ehlvairous care which these lads were taught; J 5 show to their own sisters naturally extended r Itself to alt women. They grew np true gen-j? t'Cmen? gentlemen, generous, unexacting, 125 r' court eou? of speech and kind of heurt. In: . them was the protecting strength of man-!" , hood, which scorns lo use its strength except: ' fon protecting; Ihe proud honesty of man, * h">od, which infinllely prefers being lovingly !,: and openly resisted th.n being "twl.-ted . around one's tllnger," as mean men are tw ist. e?l, and mean women rill always he found i ready to do It, but which we think all honest > - and brave women would not merely dislike | R but utterly despise. Black kid gloves in nil numbers just jot received, R. M. Hadtlon d: Co. ! tfc i . _ " > si The Brother in Black. X EFFORT TO OBTAIN REFINED AND CULTURED CORX-FIELD | HANDS. i istiugulslied Southern Gentlemen Go i to Washington on a (Jiic&tiouabic; Mission. hut Representatives from South Carolina Said before the Congressional Committee on Education. At the Joint hearing had on the 16th Innnt before the Committee of the Senate on ! ilucation jiihI Labor and the House Com in It-! so on Education, upon the subject of Na | onal Aid toCommon Schools Co). A Cinr?! d, Superintendent of KiltUMtlon Tor the! Uto of South Carolina, hnid: Mr. Cowaiid. (Jeutlemen, I sha'l make my j ulemcal exceedingly brief. 1 am satisfied j utl you neod no argument;.lion heie. 1 will j il.v state a lew brief points by way ofan-j Dtimlng eertain views on the subject of na-1 onal aid t'm'due.itiou as it attcts my own ! late. Uy the lust census South Caro.ina Is edlteJ will) a population of IWIi.tMj ami sunns uudrcd. about lil per cent, of which Is white, le remaining C'J per cent, nearly colored, 'hatever there Is of wealth ami material s iurces in the State is almost entirely connitrated In the hands ol not exceed inn -io; ?l I .n Inl/li.ir III ie entiie whlic population und an exceed-j ijjly MtniilI per cent, probably not more tiian j i?r t> or or 10 per cent, at ihooulslde i perhaps j Iduci ai ken lias lookeded more ciosely into 10 malt.-r than 1 have done), of colored pco-l if who have property upon taxes are levied. | doubt If more Uuin U per ecu I. of the colored ' jpulalion pay any lax upon property. The Utte of South Carolina auntially levlm upon! ioperty at J-mtll tux specially set aside fori i<; purposes of education in tlie free put>lic j :hools, not lor her entlie educational sys-i in, because sue supports a Slate university id also an institution for the education oi ie di-uf and dumb and the blind, and gives so aid tor the conduct, of teachers' and noral institutes every year amounting to about but tho whole Income of tuia '2-inllI id the entire revenue I'roin the poll-tax j hlcli Is levied upon tlie voters less than llft.v j ars of ajje is turned over to the school fund. I The Stnte oi South Carolina hus a little over | .000 square miles of area. It is Iihs than ,000. as it was formeily believed. You will) iservelhat tlie ratio of popu'allon to tliei ea isjust about thirty persijnare mile. The | iblts of tlis people, as you are well aware, i e largely agricultural. No oilier pursuit Is I <1 lowed except In the cities, where we liave | tif-sslons and trades and niernhantllc pur-i ilts In our cities tlie dilliculty lu educating lr youths Is largely diminished by co-operaon. in tlie rural parts of the State thedi/li11 tics Is Increased, Hrst, by tlie s pa i.sen ess Ith which tliat population is distributed, id by the additional fact that Iroin Ihusoul condition of atlairs lu our State we are iliged to open two schools, one fir white iu one lor coioreu, in every community. 11 ju will hear in mind t*ow small a portion of ie people have lo pay ihis tax upon properand tiow sparsely selMed our rural populaun Is In ottr counties, and the i:eecsslly for ivlrtr tw'o schools, you can easily underand now it Is tiiat aithough this tax Is so ,rge only four months of a school session is isslblu thus fur in our state. We have about .'V-J74 schools In the State, 1th about U.IjOJ teachers, some few over. Tti? Linost thai we can do in the way of paying ttchers Is an average ol S26.7;} per month for ale teachers and about for females. The cuemex of our lynchers' pay runs from S--3 > t. Uarleston down to 31-5 In some of the unities; 1 mean the pay ol those holding Tlltieaiex as teachers. We are eomptiied e<|iieiitly to employ a lar^e number of those ho are unable to pass the examinations, id we give them simple licenses to tent h tor le session or one term, as we call It In our hool language at home. So tbat the dillliliy with us Is to get. good teachers for the ur months at which is not a salary to supirt n man of any ability with a family for 1 entire year, it is scarcely a sultlcient lary for a young woman without any Inimbrances in her living. Yet I do not see iw we are to improve in this respect with io circumstances around us. We have been titling with It very maiilully. A calculation was made a lev nights ago lowing that the Stale of Massachusetts ue>tes SI tocdiu-ailon lor about SiOOof properthat she possess. A similar calculation ill show thai South t'arollua devotes si lor r free pub.Io shools for every ?2'.0 of pro|>ty. itis impossible that this uix could beenrged. ihis is not the only difllcully; there renins something beyond that. The while mti.n 11 o ui Innif luirnn tlic* luirilon i\f iIiIm union tliut there it* still some disportion In 1 parwoi our State lo question the Justice of > small a portion of the community contrihing to the support ami the education ol alt ie remainder. is that disposition; 1 ute it frankly. Colonel Aiken is aware of efact. Understand, me, gentlemen, the peoc of the State, at heurt the thinking men of e State-are not all disposed to go back jon tins matter. The Stale is fullv commitd to the support of popular education, and mink 1 may truthfully say that upon that ouud site intends lo lollow the motto, tiullu stiyiu restrunum. She lias no Idea of going ics, but she can only look forward to the ng vista of years la which lo accomplish all ie good site desires to accomplish In ellmlitlng Illiteracy from her borders. We aim, our public-school sy*tem, not In complete ie educational ladder with one foot In tlit itteri>Ud thb other In tne university We ily hope to complete and make strong, peranent, thorougnt, and etllelent the first six eight rounds, which may he named, readS. willing, geography, history, arithmetic, id u kmiwiettge of ihe fundaiiicutal prlnclesot law. If our public school system can scomplish that we should be satisfied with ie result. So lar as the tthite people nre Mncfrrried; icy have always had a proper appreciation education, rrevious to lJWi South Carol!i needed no public school system. Her peoe educated their children. The slaves, of inrse. were not educated; It was not intendI they should be. Our social condition re tired that tney should not be educated; Out titles have all changed now, unci though llmt spi.silion on the part of the whites to eduite tiiemselves still exists, as Is now munisted l?y thfirsnp|ileiiH'niin?: In various parts iheMute the free-school fund lor thecduition of their children and lor continuing i le school sessions longer than the public liool funds can run, I say that is still innnist in the State; but this large population nit has been thrown upon their own re urces and who stand upon an equal plane l' citizenship inuH be looked after, and our hole school fund is divided without regard ? race strictly upon the per capita ol school itcnduncc. The Chairman. Do yon say upon tho per iplta of school attendance? Mr. Coward. Upon the per cnplta of school tcndancc In this way: Kaeii county 1? ivided into a certain number of school istriets. The incomes of the 2 mill tax is [iportioned by the county school commisoner to each of the school districts in Ills >unty according to the attendance of the receding year as ascertained by the jiroced- j ig y?-ar. The Chairman. Without rcfercnce to the umber who should have attended If there! id been the opportunity? Without refer-j ie? to the number of pupns ueedlng instrucon ? Representative AIken. Without reference ) population. Mr. Cow Aim. There Is no reference to DpulAtfon. ihntis the only way we couid ach it. The idea was, I presume, lo stiuiute every community lo make as large a :hool showing as posslhlo, sons to get as rye an amount, of the public funds as possU e in e-tch district. Ut course, it does not at- j et the counties; each county raises accord-! ig to its strength, but it effects the dlstrlbu-j on in I he subdivisions of the country which ! e call school districts. That is. of course, as- j rtained by per capita lists. Representative Taylor. Does that plan oik well In your state? Mr. row Ait D. It works pretty well. There <iy be some other plans tluil would work filer. I found It In operation when 1 took ! large of tlic olllce. Aiy predecessor seemed | Im.e no difficulty about it. It was the best e could do under the elrnumsUinces. Senator Cam.. It Is the only system prncti,lile unywhere, The state eannot pay for ildrcii wiio do not go to school. The Chairman. l.ut suppose there Is no op. irtunlty to attend i nd no reason why they ] lou d bo? The difficulty which occurs loj y mind is Unit to a district without sehools J ley would hardly be uble to attend under; ich a system. Ueproeiitatlve Aikkn. There Is the suine \ el.Ity lor schools nil over the State. 1 In; Chairman. 1 do not like to have tlie lint obscured. I understand the gcnlletiinfiI nay tiuit they distilbute the money one ar upoii attendance in the districts accord" 4 to tlie preceding year. Mr. Cow ah i?. Yes. I'lie Chaikman. The object thereby Is to, Imulate atteiidnnce. Mr. t'owAitu. I.et- me Interrupt you for one oment, and you will understand tne whole1 lug better. By our llscal system we are Just! iout one year beiiind in our tax levy; that all appropriations made for one year arc! be paid out of the taxes that arc gathered Irlnu the year, yet they urc never gathered I'll the last p o'toi the year< u 1mnit Novem-; r, ami oiirsnool jear has terminated beforoi ie time has arrived tor making tills appor- j inment. Senator Cam.. Suppose there wereno ehll- | en going t<> school the year bel'oic, would I ey lie prohibited from having any part ot | e'fund h -eause nobody attended school ? j Mr. Cow Attn. Iii the district? senator Cai.j,. Yen, sir. vir. (VrwAttn. That case tin* never occurred 1 leie Is no district lu the stale that has not ?ni twoio ten schools; some districts huve high as twelve. Senator CaLi.. II I* hnd occurred, of course1 provision Is made Wherevi r the children tend school there Is nothing In the law to iver such a case. i Mr. Cow a it I). No. sir; this money is left In e hands ot trustees. There are three trus-j cs In each school district. dentil or t a iih* iuw MTiipiy proviuus n?r , icertulnlng from the attendance at the liools what the amount shall be. Mr. OoWAitD. It simply fixes that mode to rive at a calculation. The Cha i umax. suppose there arc two din-! Ic's, each (laving one hundred scholars thlsi sir. One lias a >chnol house anil accommo- j itlons, and theother has not. There are ten i illdrcn who attend In one district and sup-J >si-that there are ninety wno attend In the her. The necessity Is grciter wliere there ' vthetenthnn whore there are the ninety tondlnc; hut ns ] understand you, thci hool district well supplied, will get nlno| ines the amount of money that the district hlch ha? comparatively no school facilities id no school attendance. i Mr. CowAttn I do not understand yourj atcincnt clearly. The CiiAdtMAN. Suppose two ndJolnlnjr| strlcts. eacli with one hundred children who lonld attetidschool. This year ninety attend ; one district and ten children attend In the her dlslrlet. The year to come the district ivInn ninety In aiteddance will get nine. m? s the amount ol school money that the strlrt with trn In attendance will get. Mr. Co w a up. That Is the working of the: w. The ciiaikman. rhe object lsto stimulate | [tendance In order to pet the most money ? 1 Mr. cow a an. Yes, sir. i The I'll a (km an. I can see that would ope ite nil right where the facilities lor attending, xist, hut where the syKiem is imperfectly csLbllshed, where there is a lack of school ncMnmodatlons, possibly the lack ofadispo-! tion to establish and promote a school, the1 Istrict having the greatest necessity would s likely to tlnd that necessity prolonged and i erpelnated hy the system HkcIi'. Mr. OowauT). a strict construction oj mio' w might lend possibly to something of ihai ind. It never has done so, however. Ouri luniy board of examiners or the county ihool commissioners lay off Ihe districts! fth reference to a proper location of the] hools. They put the schools where they are itliin reasonable reach. The Chairman*. course the principle is' put the money where Hie illiteracy is. to reel the forces where theenerny is intrench-' i. It seems lo me your system acis upon i recllv a contrary principle us a theory. j Mr. Coward. In the matter rtf shool houses lrHcularly we are very needy. In our cities i ie houses are generally comfortable; in the unties, in other parts of the State, it is herwise. The Chairman. Doosnot that strengthen ie suggestion vory much that I maker Of course nobody cnn attend school without i school-house or some accommodation; then, fore it seems to mu that your system is ?|iiil< faulty ih thai regard, that your theory i wroiiL'. Vou should put the more inoue; where the greater necessity exists. Mr. t'oWAItl). Willi schools open ill n. ills trici, il hut ten out of u humircd can h brought inlo the schools, why should yoi Hive that leu more money than you glvt* ti theuujucent district which 1ms ninety of it hundredchtidrcn going to school ? The Chaiuman*. ludniit that your theor; Is all right wiii-re the facilities already exisl If ttic people will not improve their facilitie let them t;o. if wecivc len > ears or a reason ahie timeso that a I the people of this counir, will have had the opportunity to uiulcrstaiv ami anitreclule the common schools, and if a the ciid of It'll years I In y do not support men l?*t tliem nn. i would rather lake the '"heath en Chinee'" instead of iheiu ; let the couutr; fill up with vagabonds and heathen ii an, cunuiunliy will not lake cure of flu scao'.il ilt-r once they have had a fair opportimlt; and a fair stari, Ii you had I lie facilities al ready 1 think jour ti.eory would he ail right Mr. I'OWAKD. 'i'iiat is ilie plan lixed, as fa as a sen^e of jusl ice and int*-rt s;, keenly all v lo the true needs of the population, coal. Kulde, direct, and enable lis to pursue a cei tain cum sr. Ol e?nir>e. you w.ll uiidcr.-tati that there are coiiuin dark corners in neari, every county tha> it is almost impossible! provide witn full sch-ml privileges, wher half a doz?u scholars only can be hroegiil tu gel her. It will i.otpay to employ a tenchc for t!irce or four months lor tnaf half a do?ci We fry to stretch them over in oilier neij;l horhoods, so that our schools a o uolatul distributed with a view to finality oi are: but with a view to ine.-Mn^ the actual iieee sities of the cu->e, according to the populalio of the Slate. The ("liAlitJfAS. I know your Slate lm made extraordinary exertions, and is. J thini iloiu^ as iiiucii, if not more, than almost an other State in proportion to its ability at ill time. Mr. Cow.vat). In retinrd fo the matter of e ' '* f >i 1111 ?.i v lli'if Mm (Mill arc fairly well supplied. sotnj of them ailmli a'tly well supplied. '1 lie large cities. for It stance, Charleston and Columbia. have goo school buildings, but out in the rural s vUon Is the real great want. The policy has been i use up ali .ost entiieiy, or as lar as i>o?Mb|i the whole income of our school-fund lor th purpoHC of actual teaching. The mere pn vlding of the school-room mis been a subord mite consideration, so that the State docs n? own all thes<*hnol buililings that arciniiH a* srliooi-hims.'S at tlie pie-cut time. Some< them areehureh buildings; many of themui exceedingly inferior in eon-truetion, uncotr iortable. Ill-provided with furniture of an sort; hut it lias been thought best to Keep th schools open as long as it. w as pos: ilile to kee them open anil ihe money would l.ist, rathe than to spend one dollar upon the furmtur and such mutters thai might possibly Oe dl; pensed with. In reading over the reports of Ihe count school commissioners I sec that this subject i generally commented upon. The desire 1101 is to get better school buildings till throng the State, for there is an educating elleet in yood school-home, neat, atiruclive, well lui nlshed, and comfortab.e. It interests th whole community In the neignborhoo I; it I attractive to the children, and they ar pleased to cumc to school; but put them i the forbidden huildious that we have fri qiiently to make use of and school-time is n/tiiutiii nf tKrini* in 11 verv lame oortion t our pupils, colored us well as white. Representative Aikkn. What months c the year ?l? the free sehool.s keep open 1 South Carolina? Mr. Cowahi). There is 110 uniformity for 1 You see the up-country huhlts are unite di ferent from the low-couutry habits, along th sen-shore. M.jst of the sell00Is open In N< veniLcmnd December and continue, if p.?ss i?l>', intil cotton-planting time. Then the aie suspended until cotton picking Is ove In some communities there Isan luterrcgnut between laylng-by time and cotton-plekln time, In which the schools are open again they have any funds left to their credit. Representative Aikkn. The reason why asked the question was to get front you vvlui I thought would be a s,itls:aetory answer t the chairman's inquiry as to ten agaliu ninety Your schools open In winter; th taxes are collected and the Hinds are distill ulcd at that same time. So that the calculi tion that you make upon tue number of a tendance in the tail Is paid for ai the ver time you make the calculation. Mr. Cow a an. It is p.iiu for at the time th calculation In made. Representative Aikkn. So that It Is nc PBj'iug this year for last year's attcndanci but it is paying In November lor the cltildrc of that veiy year, because the taxes are co leeted in the fall. The CHAntMAN. It was the basts of dli tribution 1 had 111 mind. The money, 1 sc< comes In advance, and is In readiness whet ever the expenditure Is needed. Representative Tayi.ou. Do you think th fund should he applied in part to tliecrectio of school-houses or should all l.e applied fu the purpose of paying teachers? Mr. Cowakii. You refer to the propose Congressional aid? Representative Tayi.ou. I refer tonny u| propria)ion the Government may make. Mr. CoWAKn. That Is not at all materia If the limitation should be put in thenppri priation that no part ol it should be appiie to school-houses, we would simply u.-e 011 Stale funds to nut the school-houses In goo order and would use the Congressional fund for paying teachers. We would get aroun the difficulty very easily In that way. Senator Cam,. U hat would.he thcaverng cost o( a good school-house for an ordinal" country neighborhood i? your State? Mr. Coward. For a m-IiooI with an avorau attendance of forty pupils, I think iheselioo house could he built lor from 61XJ0 to? 1,1 NX) Senator Call. Of what sort of maieilal? Mr I'liM'.lBtl W (Kid Senator (."ALL. Would It cost that much ? Mr. Coward. Including furniture and e^ erylhlnjr else. We usually build them l\v stories high. Representative Wilms. Do you moan tin your country school-houses cost from 59 0 t Sl.ilOO In South Carolina? Mr. Coward. I am only making un est! mate. Representative Wilms. What I- thenctui fact, now ? i Mr. Coward. I ca" give you the total, l>t I ben >'ou to near in mind that many of th'-s buildings belonged formerly topiIvaiesehoo or private corporations or towns, or soim thing of that Uind, and their value was vei great. I will give you the total value of Hi school property In the Stale and how much I was Increased last year. Representative Willis. The reason whyasked you tliequestion was thai 1 understoo from Judge Dibble, of your state. I lie othi day that most of your achodl-houses woul not-exceed Ih.vU'ue8>(?. Mr. Coward. i wafi endeavoring to ni svver the question as to what good sclioo houses could be erected for. Some of tli school-houses are nothing but old log-cal bins.; some br them hits bfceii abandonedr residences; have no Mooring at all but it dl: floor, no benching but a slab of wood routtdc sticks, and one county school connrllssiohc Informed me that- last yetir in Ills visits h found one of ills schools upon some logs rol ed up together lii the woods under a tree. Representative Aikkn. That only show their desire to get education. Mr. Coward. Not the desire of the tru tees, however, of that particular school dl trlct. Mr. Hicknkll. About SEX) Is the ntrrap valuation in South Carolina. There are 2.N school-houses and the vuluatlon Is S107,0:j0, a cording to the census of ISSO. Mr. t.'ow.Mti), The school-houses provlom ly erected have an estimated value of $ !.'? I, r.iV The number of school-houses rented doi ln the last year were rented at. a cost ol 81,4 : There were one or two counties for Which n report was made in that last Item; bute>t mating that there wore hr many as 1-VJ schof buildings rented for school purposes, thcic r main 10J school buildings not needed In tli State. I'k.. A *t>?f . %* Vft.l ?PA ?Unn I J 111": \ J l A i IV .u A ii 1 HU IIIB m;un un nuui i any Northern Stale fhftt I know of. Mr. Cow'Aitu. I have given vouthosethr were rented. There are some buildings thu have been used that do not belong to tli Suite, and they were really not rented, bi simply lent and need for school purposes. The ChathmAN; You mean thai with K addttlonal school houses y<>u wouid have a< coinmodations for the schools of the whol State? Mr. Cowahd. For all the schools that ar now exist Inc. The ( 'ha not an*. Those schools reach lei than hall the school population, however, understand you to say. Mr. I WAU1). The number of school house ereeted during Ihe past year was 101 at a cost? $!?,?*>. Those 101 schools houses t hus accouutc for cover all styles of school buildings. In town some handsome biiildlng have been ereetcc as uL l'ickens Court House, and In sum townships only a log caltln at a cost of lorij fifty, or sixty doHiirs lias tieeu erected. Senator cam.. Would you not rather liave good log cabin 'or a school house ut&>0in neighborhood where the people live in lo cabins, and have more money to give tl; teachers and tu otherwise use than 10 put I all In a better building? Mr. CowAitii. We have preferred that pla to expending much of our money upon tli school buildings. Senator t .all. Would you not still prefer I in this appropriations? Mr. I'owaku. JT you would looR into i-oin <if those lug cabins [ think you would tin everything lo condemn thein for hcIhk buildings. from (he lucl that many ol thowc call log C'iUi11k 111 the State are not Inn but! otf pens, with one hole cut lor a door I one side, with no proper lighting, and wit a .small aperture for a window. Senator Call. Cannot a good log house b built In your.stale I'orSlutiy Mr. i'awakd. 1 think so, but I think tlio we should erect in eveiy district a handsom build.ng; when 1 say handsome, I mea haiid-ome for that locality, an attiactlv building that the people In that iicluhlmi l.ood will lake some pride In. that theehil dien will like logo to, and thai, they will h kept comfortable in. Next to the important of having a cood teacher in a community, certainly would rank the importance of g<K>il school house. Senator Cai.l. That Is the question- I nskr you, whethei you mnk It first orsccond; wliefl er you had not belter expend the money li pay I on the teacher than in the school house Mr. CaWakd. Of course I would ratlier giv it to the teacher. Representative Aiken. I should like loaf] you one question. You suy that the State ta: is 2 mills on the real and personal property i the State for the benefit of the tree school! How is this money distribued ? Mr. t award. It is left In the county, no brought out at all. Representative AtKKN. That Is a fact wanted to cull the attention of the chalruai to. Mr. Coward. The poll-tax Is credited to tli district in which It is raised, ltdoes not form part of the particular tund over which tli school commissioner has any control. The ChaiiimAn. Each c>unly gets all th money that Is raised in Its bordeis, either b, State or county action? Mr.Cowakd. Yes, sir; the poll-tax Is cred Ited to the district In which it is raised. TheCHAiKMAN. How many dlstrictsare In eouniy? Of course, tliey dili'cr accotding t the size of the county, but give me an Idea n to tl.e number. Mr. Cow Alii). There lias been no uniform ty in the tli visions. In the larger number c our counties the district divisions coincid with our township divisions, but in some lit boards of examiners have fouud it best t make oilier arrangements. In Oratigcbur county they have fifty-two school district.A white school and a colored school const! tute u school district. The great dlibculty li many of the counties is to get a sumcien number of Intelligent, public (spirited citi zens to act us trustees, who will tiiKe Hi trouble, because it is tin uuptiid olftcc, it chlel reward being the censures of tlic com munily if they ure not entirely pleased will the trustees. The Chairman. Kan you not slve us aornt idea as to how It Ik in the rural districts will reference to the nearness of the school-house to each other, so (is to show how far the pupil imve to go to uiteud school?those who g farthest? Mr. Coward. TheSUte Isso unequally set tied thai it is very dltticult to get at thai You can take the figures I gave youjust now 2.80U schools, in round numbers, to ilJ.OJ square miles. That gives you inore than on school to every ten square miles. The Chairman. Hut tin; schools are tie distributed wlili reference to geographical U cailon, I suppose ? Mr. C'owaiii). They are distributt d rat-he according to the centres of popula'ion. The Chaikman. There must be a greu many children who wmtid have lo go a greu many ml lea lo attend school at all ? Mr Coward. Yes; some as far as flv miles, but tiie effort has always been made I reduce the distance. Of eouise, as I mention ed some lime ago, there are wises of hurdshi] that ure t in Ire.y unavoidable. The Chairman. Do you know Instance where chlldreu walk live miles to nttem school ? mr. Cow a kd. They walk or ride. That i considered the limit. If the distance is ove five miles we cuuuot consider that the scIkkj is of any benetitto that particular neighbor i : k"_" j & i liooil: It isbej'ond I lie ronch of the children. si Jit-foreclosing, if the committee will permit I*! me to show that the.people of south Carolina s ! have an Interest In thin mutter, I will read to Hj'oii the enrollments that have taken place | since the adoption of our pnlille school syst-1 trm. This 1* u new tiling with us. It lias e ' been only introduced sniee lSOJand was put u ! in active operation in lriCJ. [> i In iho tlrst yea1-, there were 30,SIS ' s ! children enrolled: in 1S70 M there werefill,<; in 1ST 1 tliere were 7(1,322; In 187,'-'7.'!, 8-'i,.VjI:, y IK73-7I, l-.UJl'J; the next year ll'Ulti; tui-n 1.1123,0!t>; the next year liKi.Sui, a railing oil" of s j over 10,of) I In consequence of political ajjita-' i-1 lion in the Statu in inul year; then in IS77-'78,' vllKV-Kt'l; in l?7S-';0, 122. MM; in I.S7!>\V)f 131.07-'; i ilj In lKHO-'sl, 131,-I.W; in lt.ri,'i71: and last i t : year, iNSJ.'.vi, X7U,IK?5, helm; an increase of over ii J7.00H in that year's enrollments. senator Cam.. What is ihe relative in - y crease of populutlon ? 1 y Mr. Cow.xkd. I have forgotten the per cen-' s t:?ire of Increase lis calculated for our State. j v Senator Cam.. It is very considerable, I1 i- know, hy the census. I t.. Mr. CoH'AKH. U'eof our State are very well I r satisfied that the census of 1 :SJ Is very * lime- j e curate, I Representative Aiken*. There was nil In i*. crease of OKI, according to ihe census,' il from 1-7n to l.vfl). Oilier genileim-n here have y stated the angr'-cntc ainount of the school! ii fund for North Carolina, Alahama, ite, What e Is Iheai-grcgnte lr. Souih Carolina ~ I -Mr. t'oWAiin In South Carolina for 1SS1 '82 j r I LllC public S*hool r.llld ill the Stale was $171,-j i. OUO; l&sa-'W we will not. ascertain before April i! when all cuiiniy treaturers make their it mil1 !l account in;: with tint eoniptr'?ll?r-iJ?meriil, l>ui i 1 am s.itisliod tliu sho.vlng will bo nearly j siiij.uo j. n Representative Wilmh. Kllhcr prior to the war or since has there been ni?y pi-rmanciU is sclinnl fiinil In South Cuiolina derived from j c Federal sources? y Mr. i.'owakii. None whatever until after !C the war, when.of theAgricultureund Mceliauien I colle-io scrip .South Carolina gut SIM.Ml. 11 f. Is i'onsirticli vely In our treasury. Where 't >s I we will lia\e to Had out iroui Mr. K. J. Moses . j and others; butthesiale pnys interest upon i. that anioant every year, and it Is divided be (I tween two colleges, the South Ca;olina Cols] lei"'? lor whites at oiumbia and the Clatlln 0 I College at Oranuebun:. I. The Cjiaikm an. lint payment of iniero-t t. is made from the--mi I Ux-itlon? j Mr. Cow Alt i?. No, sir. II is made from the 1 general levy of the state, Just as the support ,t.! of other Insiituilons in the St ite Is made i(. i from 1 he gf-nciat appropriation. The 2-mills .If..V- tni,l tint Ii,IV furio n uni'/'inI rpS'H'Vi tux nvor which tin* Stale jiovemincnt cxi-lcl?cs no control whatever; ii. Is left In 1 he v county funds for tlif? purposes of public c school support arid nothing else. ,, Representative Tayi.ok. Then I understand r if there Is a comity thai has twenty thousand t. children mid th--r" is no properly In liof any j. account lliey must depend for their education on tlic taxes oi thai comity? y Mr. Cowaud. On the luxes of that county is anil the poll-tax. u Representative Aiken. They had better I) move out if they have neither property nor a education. r. Mr Coward. There is some counties In 0 which It is a hardship. K Representative Taylor. Do you ?t?y that e Is suhslantially the ease in some counties ? ii Mr. Cow a hi). Yes, sir; I will mention j. Herkelcy County for one, in which I think a there are ten colored people to one while man. and the tax of course comes oti the onetenth almost excluslvclv, and that cannot go >f very far. That county, however, ha* tieen n able to run its schools last year two mid a fraction months, nearly three months, nott withsaudlntf that discrepancy, f. Representative Tayi.ok. Do you think . that if we put a provision in the bill to I tier etl'eet that your State, in order to net $l,200,ni)0 . a year, must divide its funds throughout the State e?i iiully to nil the children as the other Stales do of which we have heard, your lejrls| laluie would cliiiniie the law in order to get I the Sl/JiJO.OUO a year? ^ 1 M? i MUMDtt 1 <Ifi nnt. think it would. lleprcseiitillivc AiKKX. Tney c ??M not do that; it would require u constitutional provision. Si.'iiaior Cam.. What is your oonnt(tutionul provision In reference to the division or distribution ? Kepresentat'vc Aiken. That Is a legislative enactment. Senator Cam.. What, is the legislative onaetnie.it? I undeis:und that the school tax of .two mills, which shall be talsed in tlie county, ts p ud out In the county and used tor the county schools. Mr CoWAici). 'i'hftt Is n constitutional tax? Senator Cam,. The constitution taxes ihe j' property two mills for school purposes, hut _ dots not provide li nt It shall be raised iu the c anity anil expended there? Mr. Coward, i think It does. Representative Aiken. The constitution requires that tlie money shall be expended where the tax Is lev ied. Senator Cam.. What Is the amount ? Representative Aikkn. About Senator Cam.. What is the poll-tax ? Mr. Cowaui) A dollar a head on all under d filty y.*ars ot ?i>;e. Senator Cam.. In the county of Berkeley, how much poll-tax do you >sel? Mr. Cow a it n. It Is a new county; I not know. ,! 1 Mr. SCAUBottnuoii. I think it Is unfortun(j ate it is so, iiuttliat is substantially tlie school law in North Carolina under our roiislllu ,j tion.so that our poor counties have a laid l? showing in tlie laxes collected, and I have j been trying to have it remedied. In our State that works decidedly to the advantage p oi the colored population. beeatisc (air people y who tir * better oir where our property Is valued higher arc the people who live in that. ,e section of the country where the colored popj. illation largely exists, an I the taxes are higher by reason of more properly and u higher value of property. The Chairman. The planters and colored people live in the same locality? Mr ScAunoitoi'Gil. Yes, sir; the hulk of '0 thceoloied | eoi le are In the same eounly with the p.alters, and in that county It has to be illst i lliut 'd per capita according to tlie 01 number of children. The (.It a i h.man. In that way it Is oquallz[. ed ? Mr. ScAHiio::ot:?H. Yes. sir. 1 Senator Call. I undoistnnd that M the jgeneriil law all through New Kng and iik lo 11 local taxes. J Mr. Hicknell. We have one llxcd quanjsjtitvin some of our States. p. j The Chairman. Hut tli<* distribution Is per ... { capita on the basis of actual nltendance? Mr. Hickneli.. The distribution of Hint I, portion is ell lie:* upon the tixed quantity nil through the distribution or upon the iftccd r qyantity of population. It Is a small fund. .j | Tie;>rr?piit uive l Avr.oit. is men- nni a ... |Stlnte fond divided pro ratii to the chllilron "f (j school aye throughout Unj state ?ILliotit reference to whore i lie money conic* from ? Mr. Hickxki.i.. It is very small now; 1 (Jo nni know exactly the amount. I(^ I Representative Taylor. In our State li Is divided wiihoui any reference to what eoun18 tifs have paid It In Mr. ltif kokk. Jt is so In New York nlso. j Mr. Hicknki,!,. In Khod<* Islui d, where I wn*illHli let commissioner for .six years, we e had a school fund of JSi.OOOa year,divided Into i two parts, one part ill visible hy Ihe nnmliiT of districts, and thcotlierby the school popu a,s tIon of the Stale. Tnut wait divisible to the various districts and towns of the state, hut ? the local tax went directly to the schools. s. Mr. Rickoff The local tax everywhere goes so the schools, both In Ohio mid Now ,n Yofk. i:i r,; THE NEED FOR LITEltAltY FARM 9. HANDS. o i >i One-Third of all onr Taxes po for IC ^ | scnooi rurposcs, uiiu me cry is . I Sllil for More. lt >l IC It ? MILLIONS FOR rnu EDUCATION of thk >'J coloukd! man, "hut not a cent of LI- " C TENSIONS FOR THE RELIEF OF NEKDY CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS, THEIR WIDI OWs AND ORPHANS. ? POOR WHITE '[I "nUCKRA" MUST STAND RACK. I is The Hon. IIcgh S. Thompson, fiovornor of the State of South Carollnu, In his appeal fcr K' National aid to educate our colored cltlzeiiH, 1,auld: j Mr. Chairman and g> utlemen of the com' j miltcc: In pieM-ntiii/i the view of Souih Cara;ollnu, Isliiill nslc toca'l the attention of the !, | eoiiniiitti e to three points: ,u| First. That tue State of South Carolina Ik (. now doing all in her power for public edueaIt, Hon. j Secondly. Thallt la Impossible In lier lmn > povcrished condition for tier to turuish the e! means of eilueatlon to the musses of the children; and II! Thirdly. That the aid we ask for, if granted : at all, should be granted immediately. ej I have brought here some tluures trom the J school returns of South Carolina which I ,11 wish to rt-iid, and as I kav e no set speech to (.. make to tin.- com nil t tee, I shall be glad to atijr1 swer any question that any member of the i, committee may wish to ask. An InterrupIj I tion will not interfere at all with the Hue: : tint11 shall take. e ] call the attention of the committee, first, mime in 1*77, wis011 i ioiik eimrge 01 me ueLl! purl ment of Education in smith Carolina, e I tlrst thing I did was to rail lor a statement. ,, j from the dlU'erem counties 'if the amount of q past It.debleduess known as the school inr.; uebteduess. I was aware that It was large,! [.' tint I was surprised in ilml when the returns c' came In that we had upon us a deht of riMO.OOO r ili.e iiL'iunst Hie i-cliool fund, 'l'hls debt at X j that llm<> of ?!U,tM> was supposed to be the u i full limit, bill upon sub>ei|ucut Investigation j it turned out to lie much mr?.ei. During the j j period from 1.-77 unill Hie present time, we t? have been attempting to pay oil' this dejiL ii' In some of the counties the debt has been 7 I entirely liquidated, and there are not more c ! than one or t wo counties now remaining in j which there Is any consideiable debt to be k ' paid. Hut that dept has hampered lis in ev ^ cry move we nave mane 10 si.ieiigun.-u iiiiu ,f develop our public school system. In. i?ddifj tton to that we have u debt of il'.fl.HOO, known " j us agricultural land scrip, 'lliere was not ,t ' one cent ol that money to hi; found In the , treasury; the Inst dollar of It hud been nils. 1 appropriated. That iund, too, lias been re-, u ,stored. j The committee will observe, therefore, that c I we have paid a dcM of over M'Ki.i.O), money; it' thatotiuhi to have been used for eiMiieniary (. uud lor higher education, and that we have 'thus been hampered in oar attempts to make c the school system as strong as ll might othery ! wise have been The assessed value of the property of South |. Carolina to-day Is nettly $i3K,0iO,0<W. We i have IIIri e sources of revenue irom which n: our school tax Is derived. First, it comes ? from a constltutloual tax of two nulls on the d : dollar upon all the taxable property of the I State. The amendment to the constitution, |.; making Ibis u part of the organic lax of the ,f j State, was adopted In January, ls?7. Observe, i L.' ccnlleineu, that this Is part of the organic e law; it Is not subject tochanues by dilleivnt ? i legislatures. We are idad to state that each (r1 year the income from this source grows lar- j gcr and larger as His assessed value of proper-. 1.1 ty is laised. ii ! Tlie second source from which we derive an t, | Income Is from the poll-tax. There are in the |. 1 nuiiuui mm111 i uiimiimi, uii uiu umm.-. iiv,?nn/ e! pulls, and Hie poll-tax there is one dollar a s head. We have never succeeded in collecting 1.1 more tlinn jlll.OUi irom tlits sou ret1, owing to. Ii; the fact that a huge number ol voters ol the Stale are entirely without property, and we ? j cannot er.foree the eolleetion of even the one i dollar per head. si The third source of which wo derive our * | revenue is local taxation. This mode ol rais-, 0 ing taxes is becoming more and more in voyrteiaeh year. At sessions of the legisla. : ture w? find different towns coming- forward t,; and asking permission to levy additional lax-, t | ill ion. ill The misuse oftlie public money during e 11 lie first years of the school system, irom lvi.S to 1S77, and especially I he abuse of power it under the local tax laws, Is one 01 the great , obstacles that the school men of South CurIollua have had to contend with, because we r lire constantly met with the charge that the I thousands ol dollars that, were wrung from j t; I he ptoplc within the period named were 1 j misapplied, were stolen and misappropriated, land that this public school system is only an i? ' engine t?f taxation. the money tor which wiii 0 1 not lie carTied Into i he channels lor which It i-1 wiik intended. I believe, though, thai- this; l> spirit Is rapidly passing away. As I said the other >i lull I- before the association of superins ] lendenls, I tun convinced that tl to-day llie 1 question of maintaining (lie pnhlic school system of Month Carolina were submitted to k a vole ol while citizens alone, by a very large 1 r majority th?y would be in favor of maintain-' il )ng it, and strengthening It. and of develop-. - Ing it so far 06 may be in their power. I I Hlmuld like lo call llio attention of t'io committee. In ord?r to show what I he Stale I# doing In tills respect, ton brief comparison of the taxes collected for the different purposes). In South Carolina. The whole of tiie State tax. In round niimbci", Is $?W9.0iK). 'the proceeds of tin* county trxes arc ahout SSOO.OOO, mnkln;; a total of nearly ?!,soti.ouo. Tne pro- . ccerts of the school and poll laxes, according ' to the last return of Hie comptroller-general,, were $t'-5(KiO. In other words, the school lux -,1 of Sou lit Carolina Isahout o-ie-thlrd of all the ! i other taxes that are collected In the State, 11 The as-ie-sessi'd school tax was S .05.000. Of! I Course the actual amount collected was a lit- 'J tie le.?s than that, belli)?a'loutSl'i'i.OO), becauseh there were a good many delinquent taxes. I ( In addition to this, the State now makes an It appropriation uf?j:M,000 for the ("Diversity of 11 smith Carolina. Thut university has iwoji branches, the old South i'arollna College ft' t Columbia, for the white,::n<l the Chttlin Col- < li-Bje at- Ortngcburg, tor Hie colored. The i CI'?HI in College Is partly supported from i benefactions by benevolent p.-rsoas at tin- I North; but these two institutions fur tlie i higher education of While and c >lo eil nreii maintained by the Stale tit nn annual cnHtofjf iibout ?2-1 ,ikx). lu boil) ih>'kc institutions in- 1 i strucllnn Is free : no eh ante whatever is mafic' i for tuition. In the ClalHn s:rh'H>) at Orange- t burjj we have a normal department fur teaih-i 1 ers. which is each year turning out successive t | bodies of skilled and trained t* aeliers, who t | are doing estimable work for the colored. In < addition to this, the Stale has recently made f provision tor the re-establishment of It* mill- ( tary academy, appropriating$! >MX) tills year i | for that purpose. In this military academy i : there will he supported now as l?efore the t war, two cadets from each county, who pay it {nothing whatever. They arc supported iti . | ! full by the Stale, and lliey are required to'i teach two yea is In'the public schools ot the I I Stale after their graduation. Theie will be 11 I another class of young men in the institution i 1 I known lis pay cadets, who will pay moderate ( {tuition lor themselves, and will not be requir- It : ed lo rentier any service. They will pay their 11 i way Ihrougu the Institution. He-Ides that.lt we have the Norinal Institute, supported by h ; I in; ni'in-, nnn jti'iiruii ii)iru^Miiu<iu ui v-i ^<u" : i ; having lit en niudcfor that purpose. j j You will observe, therefore, jr?,nHom??n. i ' til 11 we lire appropriating now about SldSOtf) < j for elementary education In South Carolina, !i | anil u lilile overStO000 for higher education, {j i making a tot il ol' more than half a million i ' dollar* which South Carolina Is devoting to j tills purpose, with a-i assessed valuation of i properi.v of hntS!8~,00')0;0. 1 I 1 shon'rl I ke 10 call the attention of the j | committee to another eompai toon. The whole i expense of the stile government of South i j Carolina for the last year. Inclusive of Inter- 1 j est on the public debt,, was Sits,.')?."), The cx ji nenses for the maintenance ol t.Mc charitable i I instliutiiins. there biituj but two, mi usytum i ; lor the insane and one for the deaf and dumb, i j were SllG.Pil. Thorefnte the expense of public S'-hools and of ehurltable Institutions was < ?.ri.sl.l(Vl. l or these purposes South Carolina appropriates I wo and a half times as much I as she does for the whole expenses of her i Slate government. Kor public schools alone < ! she appropriates twice ns intuit as she dues i I for all the expenses of the state govern men t ! I meutlon these facts In support of the po*l- i tlon which I lake that the state Isdoinuall ; that she can do for the mutnlcnancc of her | public schools. I I now desire to call Ihc attention of the com- i 'mltteeto the second point I make, which Is i that the Stale of South Carolina is unable ( ucciiusu HIT iiiipuvi'riMii'u < ! I proper instruction to all classes ot her people, j The scholastic population of tli?* State? children bei ween ten and sixteen years of sik?? ' as made by the returns of the eonut.v school I commissioner* In liT5 il have heen nnalde to I get the returns ol the census, which are mere . accurate, and I doubt not wlil show even : larger flguiVH than these), was, whiles 8).G78. colored 152,2!W, making a total of 107,971 children. The school attendance in South t'aro| Una for the year lssO-'Hl was whites G1.33D, col: o:ed 12,1111, tnaklnua total of 7.t,4.',s ui the pubI lie schools. The expenditure per capita of | school population lsSI.95. the expenditure per | capita of school a I tendance 83.'x). 1 call the .attention of the committee to ihefact that i whlie thcm* schools are free and open to all : and no distinct Ion Is made on account of race or color, according lo these returns (which are ; inaccurate, because I believe iheyare below ; the truth), wi? have HiO.UOO children in the State ol South Carolina whom we are unable ' lo educate for the want of larger means. The 'number of pub.lo schools in the Slate last i year was .'5.0)7, the number of white leacheis the number of colored teachers 1.223, | making the total number of teachers.'1,24'J. ! Taking the illiteracy of Smith Carolina, shown by the return of the last census, which II had an opportunity of observing last night, the ratio of while illiterates to the whole population is7.77 percent,; the ratio of colored Illiteracy to the whole population is 3300. I maintain that.as far asconlro llug the white i illiteracy in the State is concerned, Smith Carolina is able, ready and willing to control It; and I lint she is equally ready and willing to control the colored lliit.'rary, hut that It Is beyond her power lo do n:>. It is from this class ol our citizens, a class to whom I claim j that the State O iveriiuient ot Sout h Carolina ; in nil Its departments has done full and ample ! Ju.-tlce. that the trouble coincs. I hellove I speak tt?e sentiment of the majority of the } people oi' the smte when 1 say that we In ' Mouth Carolina feci Unit the wifely and prosi polity of the State depend upon the oduca? j tlon of that class of our eltizcns. I need not ' speak to you, gentlemen of the ctmmtttces. ; of the limited ontiorttinllles that the colored i people have hail iieretofore for education, hut you know that the absolute need for It now Is such that If the United stales G<>\ eminent does liot hold out a helping hand to us nt this I time, we shall continue to scud forth eacl) year illiterate voters by thousands. llear In mind, gentlemen, that one generation of thest- people have grown tip without ] the opportunities of education. This generatIon lun got now the lathers anil mothers of j another uoii'-ration coming along. It is a , well-e>tnblished 'act, a principle recognized I by all, that to appreciate education Is a con 1 sequence of education Itself. It Is necessary, th'-relore, for the state and the General Government to come to the front ul this tlnie and to make Soutn < inolina ami the other Snuthern Slates what I believe Hi" people of those Stales desire that they shall be, thoroughly educated. 1 will call tli<*Aitnntlon of tho commltlce to I the laet that there tire now in the Southern ! States about five million children ready and : iiffllni' flir> iiiv.iorl n in lies of education. Ttir i expenditures of the Southern Status und<-rl I this head ure about S7,iAX),<AH but little more | than a dollar n head. It would take at the J lowest cal'Milntion S-IO.OOO.OJO to fui nlsh the opportunities of education to our cuildri-n in jtheSoulh. Gentlemen. I say. ns one know| Inc tue spirit of the peopleand knowing their limited resources. dial we have not the i mi nus to furnish this t ducatlon. I I do nut propose to detain the committee 'with any rrgtiincnt as to the rteht of the I General Goveiniucnt to furnish the means ! lor which we ask. I de?lrc to say for my i State, and 1 am sure that 1 speak the senti; meiit of other Slates, lhat we do not conio | here as niei.dieants in this matter. We do ! not come, nor arklng for charily. We^have :putouroUii shoulders to tne wheel; we are if-ltjg all the efforts In our power, and we ' simply a?k of llils great (jovcniine.il tint It I will come to our aid now In the time of our igre.it necessity, because If this aid is withheld ! now, If It is not granted now. as I h ive j shown, there are thousands ofchlldicn whom we arc unable to educate, ami who need this ! assistance at this \ery moment, who will not I be educated I was told this morning,since I entered this I room, by a gentleman lo?honi I was Intro ] duccd, that fSouili i uroilna always liked ii> be I In ihe tront. As ul old, .South Carolina wan.a . to lie lo the front In the mutter of public cducm ton. Jt is lor tliat reason we have come here, beCtuse we liave not the means, as J have Mated. to furnish this education our selves I be.ieve It Is lull it few moments ago when some gem lemeii from this side were called bcfoie a committee of the House of Keprcseninilvesof Congress with regard to the deepening ol the liarhor at Charleston, and the improvement of that harbor. Thai great work is now going on under I lie charge of a distinguished engineer, a distinguished soldier, whose duty it was during the wur to leave more impcrMiaiile mark', upon the city of Chat lesion. He is there now In the quiet I pursuits of peace, deepening that haruor, and ; giving to .South i aroiina an outlet fni her ' tr.ide and her commerce which she has no I lung needed; but, gent emen, there is a need : iliai south t aroiina lius, not second even to ! the deepening of th:f haruor of her greii me I tropolis. Ure.it as are hor resources, wonderj ful as her power Is when fully developed, the tru?* source of her strength and ol her power! Is hi the brains of her people. It is lor that ' purpose we are hereto a-k the Government to give her the means of deveh plug the brains I of her people, and we do ask that we may ! have an opportunity of coming to the front and staying ihere as one of the states of tne | I i'n ion, contributing our share to the clvillza-1 I tiou and the progress of this great country,! land making South Carolina as one of the state* 01 the l*nion, c-iutribuilng her quota to [ make Hie people of this wlioie country once ; more fret, prosperous, happy, and united Is the Very Air Taxed I Lexington Dispatch. i When the American cltl/.en awakens In j : the morning his eyes open upon Hie walls of j the room covered Willi paper tnat Is taxed i'l I percent. He throws oil'his blankets taxed CO I per (em., and steps from his lied, taxed '( > prr cent., upon carpel taxed 74 per cent. He I draws aside Ills winuow euriains, taxed 45 perl cent., and looks out through glass taxed 80! : per cent., to see how the w.ml her is. ThorwI lug oil'hi* night snirt, taxed 45 per cent, he I puts mi his undershlit and socks, taxed per coin., coltiiii shirt taxed 4 > per cent., and vest,coat timl pants taxed IK per cent. Find- ] log a button gone lie has It sewed !>n with a needle taxed ifi per cent., and spool thread tuxed GO per cent, lie arranges Ills hair with i comb and brush taxed :!() per cent., and put en I his linger nails with a pocket knife taxed 50per cenl.. or with selssor* taxed 4*> per cent.! Keeling a little mil of sorts tie takes a dose of | castor oil. tuxed iitt per ent., frutn n goblet i | taxi d 4'? per eenl. He shaves before a lo>>k-': iug-glass nixed <i0 per cent., with lather from | snap taxed lil prr cent, lie starts his Are In a ; stove taxed-T> per cent., and puts on the tea kettle taxed .*>:{ per cent. He makes a HkIH I breakfast <>t mackerel, tax.nl 2? per cent.,! with rice, taxed lil per cent., and salt <a.?.ed ."0 per cent- For the cups and saucers and plaies u>ed on the table ho is taxed .V> per cent., and he pays 4-> per cent, on his knives i and lorks. The sugar Ire Uses In his codec Is taxed 42 per cent. He adds a few pickles, as 1 a relish, taxed :{ ) per rent., ami his vinegar Is taxed At per cent. If he tops ot! on an or-: tinge lie pays a tax of 20 per cent. Ills break- 11 fast over, lie smokes a elirar or cigarette taxed j1 ail the way from 7"> to'Juo percent., according to quality, and prepares for dally duties. I'ut ting on his hat, taxed "U per cent., his o- I vereoat, taxed -is per cent.. and gloves, taxed I 51'per cent.'lie takes bis umbrella, taxed '>0 < per cent , and starts oil' to business. Ilclng ' 1 engaged in building a house, he looks up some hulldlng mat'-rlal. lie purchases brick | taxed per cent., some lumber, taxed 4f> per cent., window lilass taxed sn per cent., paint 1 and white lead, taxed I per cent., wood i?lpe I tor drains, ne) per cent, and hardware taxed , I all the wav from .ji? to l.'it) per cent. This Ir ' the dally life or the American citizen, and 1 vet the protectionist says we shall not fine re-!? lief. We shall see what we will see. j' Chfaj) Nccessarios, Not Cheap Wilis-1 Lnv Wanted. "'J' " I, Lexington Dispatch ! JJutler's Mil to abolish the Intermil revenue taxes Is not popular in thissiatc??r anywhere disc in t l>e son ill. The Southern people, It is true, would like to be rlil of spies and informers u hleh the iiitertiiil revenue system sujipoits, but there Is not its much ground for eoinplainl as there used t > he against these otllelals. The Southern |>eo|ile know that if the taxes on whiskey and tobacco are abolished It will be a Ioiij; time before there will be any material reduction in the larllF. What they want Is cheap necessaries, not cheap; whiskey. They do not- care how dear whiskey is. In a nil in her of the southern states there isa rapidly growing temperance move-! meiil, which is not suppoited alone by en-' | thusiasis who desire to save the people from ' j thee\ 11 clJceisof intemperance. It is ndv<>- . catcd and aided by planteis, farmers and tax- , payers generally, who see that whiskey Im- | puses additional burdens npou them in the . shape ol' heavy eriniinal expenses a:.d lessens J their anility to bear these burdens by destroy* , in# their 'abort rs. Whiskey is the greatest ^ enemy of I lie negro. It is safe to assume that they spend a grcates part ol their earnings in I thisarilce of destruction than lliey Uo In bread, clothes, and the eilucation of their children. Intemperance Is on the increase | Willi them, and as it increases their value as; laborers decreases. Free whiskey would < cheapen it, make it more easily obtainable t and encourage Intemperance and make the;' jug and demijohn more fi'inlllar objects of; >1 their cabins. If, however, the tarltt lax Itr toj' be lessened and the necessaries thereby* cheapened, it Is but reasonable 16'!<\ippose ) I that inore of their money would-go in thai i j way. (jive us cheap necessuries instead of|t cheap whiskey and tobacco. |f i i * -j ?ss? EUPIIRENICS. ntercsting Facts Concerning the Use of Tobacco, Tea and Coffee. Editor Prc?* and B'inner : Ho far ns hl>tory or tradition reache* there i nojnatlon, H.ivu<e or civilized, but whhli istti certainarticles toobviates or mitkatu ii.Oi j ab>:a.cures, anxieties ami perplexities thut iara*s, lo ward oil' dlx-usc and prolong < Tills class of artielesnrt railed .Mlnuiiunts and tareollcs, butth'-y neither stimulate nor stu>efy and fortify as Intoxicating liquors and >pluiii do. We name a fc?v of tills class of arichsof wli l*-h we tire about to Dent, f.ir I hey ire legion, viz: tea,coifce, cantlia cdull^coeii, .obaeeo. <fc?. Person." uslnx these articles repilre much le** t<-ud and sleep. The proper inme for this elas* of. uri icles Is cuphn-nics vlllch sl?iiiiy u> talk w lI, to luik cheerfully. u im.iK wen, iu c.Miii trate. jn the Hrxi trade of their operation the* obviHlc ianeiior, mil Inmituritf when it exists; In the second! [ia li* of tiiolr oj>ornLl?m they produce n pel-n-i tar, calm, placid mm pleasant sensation, state1 >r Condition; In the third grade of their opcr-' itiotl I hey occasion a peculiar rather agrem-:' j;c and apparently non-exhausting pret?r-| iutli:nl wakefulness; In the fourth grade of; .hell*oper.ilIon they produce a greater or ; 1-gree of positive exhilaration which by lo'ne article* inay he Increased to such a ilc*> ;ree that theaciions of the Mibk-ct are not I .1 niter the control of his wl:l, and peihapslt| unounts toactuul delirium; In the lifth g'adet >t their operation they oeea-l ? a peculiar | uispcnsion of the functions of the hi-misiheres of the cernhruni and an u)uc>tl'.< sia or IcMliullon of common scums!Ion or a stale of n-en?lhlllty to pain, sometimes with a ccili' jiele !o s of consciousness and occasionally A'ltli n moderate degree of 11. As t< baeeo Is Ml-ahle of occasion in-: the flrst two grade* of ? eusdircnle operation we shall discuss or :n>at of It* uses from t'ie fact that It Is placed side by side with alclvdlc liquor* as If it. n-e.-e iniluteal 10 ine i>e<i miere-ts o: mankind. and lis luxation In louillv called for.! Sieotiansi tobacrnm and nicotiana ru^twa tvcrp in us" l?y Ihe aborMn'-s cf America i ivhen Colii'iibu* (list reachcd the country, I Mid were alleged to have been always In use L>v them. Nlenlhinn slncnslshnd been In popiilnr use, nobody known how long, In KsiMcrn A sin he'ore Europeans were In the habit nf visit In;; that region. Nicotiana fnru'lcosn Ind bc?n In popular use time Immemorial .mone the Inhabitants of the great South rnpi* of Atrtcn when Kuropeans first acquired < knowledge of them. NTlc! >tlnna persica h d , been In popular use In Per--l'i pn-t Ilie utrnvvrv of in n when the moderns first hud ne- , curate know'edge of that country. When Ihe Anglo-Saxon inhabitants of Amerlen first became acquainted with the north western Irl!> ? of the nbnrljrnes they loon1' nleotlann qnndrlvalvls In popular use'among lh? Mnndancs. a small tribe whleh ha* since liecntne cxMnci bv means of small-pox, they employed no other species of this ecnus. An imminent physician remarks: '-coarse and dlsLMi?iing n< are the necessary attendants upon Ihe habitual use nf tobacco, sr i 11 I think there i'?n be no doubt that the aggregate of the benefit It lu's rendered by the production of Ihe first two grail'-s of a enphrenlc operation In tho subjects that have truly needed the effects In question N far greater than theegcrcgatc of benefit that will ever result from the use of eujihrenlcs for Ihe production of iir.aenthcsisdurlngsiirglcaloperations." It Is well known to phvslelnns that totaico lies Ion1: bad ihe reputation of being:i prophllatlc or a prevenli ve of epidemic diseases. To sum up. first. II relieves languor and lassitude; second, It occasions a peculiar calm, placid nnd pleasant sensation, slate or condition. So far as tradition or the memory of man rcaeheth It Is found to be |n use and was used by all the savage and uncivilized tribes when America was first dl?covcd. It Is not for me to determine which, reason or Instinct, led them to the use of tobacco. I Incline to the latter. Who of the untold millions llvI ne upon ine earlh suffer most from languor and lassitude? Is It not the laboring masses? Who are assailed by the anxieties and perplexities of life? Is It not the unnumbered masses of laboring classes worn out nnd exliium*I'd by cure nnd loll ? Where does want and penury abide? Is It not In Ihe crowded and filthy tenements of ihe laboring class o'masses? Kvcn the Monadic tribes in their wanderings to procure n precarious and scant nubslstnnco are calmed nnd solaced In 'heir migrations by using tobacco. We arc led to admire the wl?dotn nnd beneficence of Ihe Creator Iii placing them within the easy reach of Ihe most h'-ln'ess and Ignorant of Ills creatures. We will call attention lo a single one of the class erythroxylon coca. Dr. Ij. I,. Von Tsclindl says, "a Choioof Ilnan nntned Hatush Hu-imiing was employed by me in very laborous digging during the whole time lie was In my service for five days and r ights lie never tas'cd any food and look two hours sleep nightly, but at Intervals ?? two and a half or three hours be regularly masticated about halt an ounce of coca leaves and lie kept an aleulllco constantly In his month. I was continually biside him and therefore I had the opportunity of observing him closely. The worK for which I engaged him being finished, he accompanied me 011 a two days Jnnrnev of twenty-three leagues acro-s the level heights, though on foot he kept up with ihe pace of my mnl?\ On leaving me he declared that he would willingly engage himself again lor the same amount o: work and that lie would go Ihrongh It without food. If I would allow hl?n a sufficient amount ot coca. The village priest assured me that tills man was (>'J vears of age and that he had never known him to tie III in his life." It Is aston'sliing how little food and sleep are necessary whe und?'r th<f Inllueuce of these artie'es. They never Increase the ac foil of ihe In-Hit nntl arteries nor stupefy nor torplfy as opium. We may say of cuphrenles, an u celebrated author says of iioot<?. "they he.|> us to forget and endure the crossness of men and thing* and compose our cares and passions anil lay our <1 Uanpoln I menu isleep.'" The delicate machinery of the nervous system has a severe ordinl to p^fii thrnnuh In the wear and tear ot lire. This elns-? of articles as a distinguished literary g-ntleman says of them, "are the only articles that vo In at the mouth which may he considered a> luxuries of the mind." "It Is wonderful'' continues this author "how these articledear a man's head and Rive liltn command overhl?Intellect." The Galla whogotown with no oiher provisions but moderately parch'd coffee pulverized and made int<> hails with butter, endure with Impunity irrca privation of s|?i-p as well as food. After f<>od euphrenlc-8 are certainly the most important m-ents In common use by the human race, since they contribute so powerfully to diinln Isli and obvlal" the wearing and exhausting effects of tli* toll, fatigue, care and anxieties of 11 Tea rid also operate ?i tiltc efficiently not only to ward otT and prevent diseases, but In fact, aids to prolonglife. We obtain euphn-nlcs from three sources animal, vegetable and chemical. Chemistry l-Ivik us protoxide of nitrogen, th? ethers and chloroform. The venom of ih? rattle *nnk-u-rotlltis horldim) and the llquo-of tire mepti!tls amer'.caiia are types of animal origin. Coca and amlnata mil war In belong to th'vegatable kingdom. If tea Is given In l"rgc quantities surgical opeiatlons may be per formed without pain. We conclude this compilation which has afforded lis occupation nn.l nmiKf>inf>nl in ! hp vinl I f lit!#* nntl ROc1il?lnn of use. It has occupied much time mid u c have expended much labor to compl'e nn?l conden?p to enable in to give even n glance 01bird's p.ve view of all fhnt hns boon written on ihe valuable uses of euphreiilc since tlie flood to the present tlnin. One of the eren' inducements lo this laborious compilation was to give to the enlightened nnd well Informed n proper Appoint Ion of the Intrinsic value of to'mceo lo ihe numberless nnd unnumbered tnborinir musses of the Inhabitable world for thousands of generations yet unborn. Ol ve the laboring mnn nt the close of day his pipe and tobacco, nnd how quick nil bodily and menial weariness and fatleuc are forirotlen and laid asleep. The mind l? bewilder ed and lost. In wonder nnd amazement at Ihe numbers engaged In the cultivation of tobacco, and preparing It for use; but the wonders Lrrow In tniitf".lt'*ile at the reflection that It obviates. mltlga'es, all of the languor and Inssltude resul'luK from Its production, but nl?o the laninior and lassitude occasioned by all bill ors nnd ocUnations of the human race. TliatlsnotiilI.lt modifies and prevents epidemics. but it nNo prolones life, fillr the most remarkable facts we find from theremotes' ages u hereel vlllzatlon and refinement have penetrated it was In n^e and used by all of the most Ignorant nnd savage tribes. From whence taught or who en lighted them. That is not all. The tobacco epidemic of the savage and unenlightened has Infected all the civilized nnd taken thein captive at will. If tobacco could be suddenly struck from existence and Us place fully and efficiently supplied by any other equally profitable labor, there would he as great, wecpinir and wall co up as when the Children of Isreal were thrust out- of Egypt ou the daughter of llic flrxt born. W. C. NORWOOD. ?_ Aiken Journal and Rrview. Mr. J.C. Tlankln?on's family wn? saved by being near a barrel of molasses which caught the t;i)1111gr timbers. A plfcc of celling, supposed to have been blown Irom Mr. Foreman's house, was found ahout live miles away, stuck Into a llghtwood stump. T'ie wheels on Mr. John Tyler's large timber curt were twinted oir and the tires broken. Mr, ficotce Mason's house was demolished, mid the gable end carried a distance of onehalf mile and dropped into a ditch. At Mr. M. F. Ml son's platv some outhouses i wert blown down, and the clothing of some colored people were blown off several mile*. The following marvelous freak of the cyclone we trlveins it was told us: A L-enllenmn who sutiered vcvere looses by the storm, mi.vs the roof of his linrn was taken otT and the dry fodder cimght up in the whirlwind, and ns It was belli;; carried round and round, a sheet of lightning passing through limited the fodder, and tor a distance Of one mile the elond appeared to'lie a massive sheet of flame. He describes this scene a* irnind beyond conception. lie narrowly cscap*l bi-lng caught upj In the fiery element, and Judging from the: looksof his checks, he must at least have; had his fuce seoiehed. i Mr. J. <?. Turner's imusc wn? diowii an ioj pieces. Mr. Turner wns blown out under the.: stove room, and narrowly escaped with his i life. Kvery house oil Ins place was blown down. Mr. B. K. Williamson lost everything he n Inul. lie whs oausrhl under his house by | < some of the falll ig timbers nod beltl there ' i until n-loused by some neighbors wl o hoard), his ones. lit* bad Ills collurhnno nroken.i Mr. Williamson bad Ills pocket book contain* j 11115 six dollars and slxiy rents Mown out of a j trunk, lie foiiiiil six dollars of the money nut In ibe wooils, but ha> not yet found the pocket book. Mr..I. ('. Mutiday, who resides about half inile from Windsor, was greatly surprised on ' I WedncMlsiy la-t to find I Is Held-' strewed'] wltli the debris of the storm, although his j lace Is situated many inllm from Its actual track. Quantities of moss and hark from | roes in the swamp, clothing, bcihllrg, and portions ot a buggy, besides numerous other j irtlcles, were >ca itered over his ileld, ul-i though nothing on his place was Injured. Senator Butler oil Prohibition. ; [Edt/eflcld Monitor.] Some of The papers are quoting Senator Ilutler's argument against prohibition, viz; hat "prohibition (of whiskey selling) does . lot prohibit." We^tre sorry to see our honorMi National Inw maker throwing the weight : if ills intlucucc on the side of free u hlsKey. I \nd tins arL-iinieiu auainst prohibilion ls> ibout ii sound as woulil lie an argument.1 iglu.vt laws for the suppression of murder or licit been list* these laws do not altogether prolibit the commission of these crimes. If prolibitIon does not prohibit the limit is not so nueh in the law as In I lie people, and when | crave Semi tors are found proclaiming against t. tiie average man's respect for the law ls# I :alculatcd to be lessened rather than oihtr* vise. We see llieSeiiator's argument is being isedagninst the temperance movement tliat las been so auspiciously inaugurated at \ ftjg'cfield Court house, but when the moral . lower which attaches to the umanliuous ippeal of those noble women is brought to 1 tear on the other side, the argument will wile before it as one deserving neither consid ration nor influence. If prohibition does lot prohibit it eertaluly does a vast deal of jood. j IVIiy Not Elect N'ew Officers. j [Cttrolina Spartan.J In the Government tliere seems to be a sort if demand from certain quarters for the old icket. That sounds like sxvetes music to the j Mils" but there are nearly sixty thousand ;ood and worthy Pemoi-rats amongst the . 'outs" who would like to have a chance at omething iilglier and more remunerative * han theofllce of Notary Publican appoint-1 nent on the Governors stall'. If the -ins' ontinue to stay in all over the State, the rest 1 >f us are going tobtay out a long time. 11 BEBBPKBP^f Insurance and Collection .Agency. J BENJ. S. BARNWELL j V liejuresents the J allowing Companies whose assets invested in iht' United States amount to $16,000,000. *- J Home of New York, $ 7.492,751 Merchants of Newark, N. J, 1,221,964 Rochester German.... 575,000 Liverpool and London and Globe,) 5,571.930 Invested in Europe, over] 20,000,000 Lancashire of England, ; 1,455,315 Consult 1'ottr Interest and Insure Tour 7*roperty. NEW SALOON ; nin nniirm iinner i ULU lilLlHLllU IIUIM ! .1.111.1 -1.11 J1I--rn Botli Houses Well Stocked With Pure Goods. The Bett Brands of Good Old Bye and Sweet Mash Corn Whiskies, Hand Made Bourbon, Apple, Peach, California and French Brandies. Sweet Catawba, California & Sherry Wines, the Best Champagne, Gwinness's Extra Stout Porter, Bass A Co's Pale Ale, Draft and Bottled Beer, Also, a Fine Lini of Tobacco and Cigars. Billiard and Pool Tables in fyrax of NEW SALOON. Call and See the Most Handaoare^nd Best Arranged House in the Country at No. 1 O'Neill'i Block. THOMAS McGETTIGAH, Proprietor. WHOLESALE ?ND RETAIL COMMISSION MERCHANT BROKER & COLLECTOR I ? Dealers in Grain, Flour, Meal, Bran, Meat, Hams, Hay, 8a * ' gars, Coffee, Rice, Grits, Irish Potatoes. ? FULL STOCK OF HEAVY AND LIGHT GROCERIES ALWAYS ON HAND. 8Pjk \ clul price* on Koods sold in package*. I have larve consignment* of rood* every wet' and cnn make it. to your Interest toilo Home binduem with me. Thanking one and all h your llbcriil patronage in the past, will mako every effort in the tuture to five atiifectioa. A. ?. ROGERS. Feb. G, IV8l.tr School Books! School Books We have on hand a Large Stock of School Books adopted bj tbe STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION FOR THE NEXT 30 DAYS y? We Will Bxoliaxige ' - * - ?l 1- t nr. .1.. tn ?<svntr a Vl*3 Aimosi any u.'/OKfi usea in mo acnwia uvrvvuiuiu, nc mw Line of U Stationery, I SLATES, &C.. &C., J.? H. W. LAWSON & CO.! ABBEVILLE, SC. I Nov. 14,1?S3, tt v V?| QT M , I w. s. nnui k coj IT AVE J us t opened a new and eleirantly fitted up DRUG STORE on th? M?r?h?HHo^^B I I Corner, under the Pre?a and Banner and are now receiving and will comma* receive llil tlieir clock In complete u lull line of Drags, Medicines, Chemicals. Dye Staffs, &<fl Also, all the popular PATENT MEDICINES kept In a flrst-clau Drugstore, all of which warrant to be fresh and Rood. W-i also offer a well *olecled stock of FANCY GOODS, consisting of x Colognes, Foreign and Domestic, Handkerchief ExtracH in great variety, Handsome Vases, Lamps, &c. H Our line of URUSIII'S AND SOAPS N simply complete. Every variety of HAIR, TQOT^^I NAh., FLESH, SHAVING AN1) SHOE BRUSH SOAPS from the fliient toilet to ibecbea^H HH ???. ?n?m m t vn? ..nnrUnxo In th? llrnf hllllne?S In the Arm of War^Hj ??1 II. JV?n St i. lil UJ, r? MUM- IWH^ iv..?w ... v ? - . litw A I,yon, no well known, will be cnntftnnily In attendance. All PRESCRIPTIONS o*^H| I'll 11 y rtimi D'uuleJ at all hour*, under the supervision of DR. THOS. J. MABRY. Oct. 17.1SKI. tf B. K. BEAOHAM, Agent I FOR THE -SALE OF H jam Sash, Boors, Blinds, Shingles, Laths, Floofl ing, Ceiling, Lime and all kinds of Wool Working Machinery. H Oct. 10,1883, 12m State of South Carolina, 1 "IT STANDS AT THE HEAlfl Abbeville < ounty. |H rrobate C'ourt-Cltat Ion lor Letters of Admin- Star that L?adi Them By J. Fuller Lyon, Esq., Pkobatk Judge. U' IIKHEAS, John V. Stribblinghas n>nde THF T.IGHT-RFNVIVG suit to me. to grant him Letters of A.I- 1"c' ministration of the estate and hit pis of S. T. w ru mmm Wlllan:, late of Abbct llleeouiiiy, deceased. 11 f* Tall Til d fTl | fl^B These are therefore, to cite and admonish all lyl rinij singular the kindred und creditors of the \J AIA JBks Kr JL Jk said S. T. \V II lard, deceased, that they MM be and appear before me, In the Court of Pro- npHAT it Ik the acknowledged lender In bate, to bo held at Abbeville C. IL. on Toes- 1 trade U a tact that cannot be dliputed^^fl ilay. Hie .r>th, na> of bel)riihi\\ 1SS4, after publf* ... ?... 1 \i it \ tp tt i vavp rnirAT ration hereof, at II o'clock In the forenoon, to M A > i IMITATE IT! IsO>E EQUAL show cause }r any they have, why the said The Largest Armed. Administration should not be granted. ? Ti " r |ei,te.. Kunninr Giver, under my bund and seal, this 22ml The Most Beautltal Wood Worl^M day of January, In the year of our ?And Is Warranted? Lord one thou-and eight hundred and To bo made of the best material, elchty-loiir and In the.ol,eI^|,"('['^{1 To do any and all kinds ol work, and eighth year of American Independ- To-be complete In every rnp^H Published on the 23rd day of January, 18>'4, FOR SALE BY In the /Vr-M rind Banner and on the Court _ . _ _ ^ R. M. HADDON & ( Judee Probate Court. ? n|B Jan. 23.1SS4. tf ADD8V1U6, a. IH For Sale Agents wanted In aijoccupled territory. i FINE JACK. If not sold by the 1st of DOMESTIC S. M. CO., /V. MARCH, I will stand liim at my slablcs RlchlDODd J.F.COLEMAN, Mnrch 28,1883, tf Coronoca, S. C. J?" "** " State of Sout'u CaroliiB HATTIE ADAMS. Abbeville County, flj At THE PENDY CORNER. Keeps a first IN THE COMMON PLEAS. (Mit-K 1U siiu.nint. Hot inetils at ni Hours. Call and nee her. (Jan.30,l?*J, t Notice to Creditors. SAMUEL C, CASON, .A.LI.I persons having any demand^^^fl . A 4. T claims against tho estate of A. Fletc^^K attorney _A."t J.^a-"W5 I Cromer, deceased, are hereby notifled|^^ ABBEVILLE, B. C. | present and prove the same before us^^H No. 3. O'Neai/s Nkw Law Rtrulnio. j my office at Abbeville Court Houb?,^^H ^Jnn P"kl??|e ,n ftU Uie t OUrtS ?f U,e StlUe or before the fifth day of March, 1884^H ? ?1 j t>e barred. + | M. L. BON HAM, JR..HH ?pV-/^ | r?IVK >?o?d Hooms, Stable ami Garden. J Jan. 23.1SS1. Ot AppJJ to MA f xHOMaS ItK(iOS. | 77T777,~f~777~~T~ Debtors and CreditoiH A fresh lot of French and stick candies . . HH ust received at Speed ?? Lowry. I LRSOfcS 1hoiling chdms againat HH Land roth's garden seed and onion sets 1-~tl estate of \\. ??/ BASK IN,, decetu^^H lew, jn*t received and for sale by Quarlcs I JVI" present the same to me without i Thomas. I lay and those indebted to the estate m^^H make prompt pay met to Just received. 2 cases millinery, lates "JNO. T. BASKIN, jtyles, hats, feathers, ribbons, laces, col Kxccuto^^l """* I