Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Ifce Press and Banner. By 1*tigii Wilson and II. T. Wardhur. Wednesday, Aug-. CO, 1382. Slate Democratic Ticket. For Cover nor, 'COI-. IIl'GII S. THOMPSON, of Richland. For Lieutenant-Governor. IION. JOIIN c. t:ri\\ui\ of EdseHeid. For Pvcrctif-y of state, HON. J. N. LIFscOMIr.of NVvrberrv. For Attorney Oonenil. t-. RICHARDSON MII.ES, of I liariohion. For State Treasure'*, JOHN I*. KICIlAKDst)N, of Sumter. For Comptroller General, V,\ K. STi iNi'.V, of Berkley. For Stat? Super!utci"V nt of Education. llKV. KI.I.Ix ?N CAPERS, of Greenville. For Adjutant p.tt! Inspector General, CI'.X. A. M. MAXKiAl'I.T, of Georgetown. COUNTY TICKET. For Senator. t)K. J. C. MAXWKU,, of Greenwood. For tbe House of Representatives, .IKSSK S. McCF.K. or Hodcc*. GKX. 1\ II. I'll AI >LI\Y, or l.radlcy, V. r. WlhEMAX.ol Hold Br.uu!?, W. H. r.MvKKR, or Abbeville, I>H. F. F. GARY, or Cokesburv. For Frobate Judge, J. FFI.I.KR LYON, or Abbeville. For County Commissioner, CAFT. (i. M. MATT1POX, of Donalds. Should we be Forever on the Defcn sive. The Anderson Intvlliffcnrcr and tin Charleston Nov.? and Courier have t?coi recently correcting some statements by i 'correspondent of the New York Herali in reference to the alleged motives whicl prompted the State Convention to nomi nate Mr. Thompson for Governor o South Carolina, and, as historical iaetwe reprint in the Prc*s and Iianncr soni statements by the Intelligencer, whos editor was a memuer 01 mat convention emitting that part of the article whic! would defend South Carolina, whi'i making the usual flings at correspond cuts of Northern newspapers. Without any intention of creating i: the minds of our readers the impressio that we believe that wesee clearer than d our neighbors, we would with due defei ence to them, express our dissent fror the practice which has obtained of cot rectmg the statements in reference tooui selves which are constantly being mad by Northern papers. There is to ou mind, something repulsive in the art, i coing ou the defensive for every trivis aggravation or misrepresentation. A communities, and all individuals, whoai tain any degree of prominence, by tli very perverseness of our human naturi are occasionally compelled to submit t unpleasant accusations and to hear falwords, and he who attempts to fight over man who does not love him, and who dot Tiot speak well of hitn, will have a bi job, and before it is completed he will I Mire to bo the sufferer. So with eon munities and Suites. Of course we of tli South like to have the good opinion < our Northern brethren, but if they choos to hato us, and to slander us, we know < no way to prevent their wicked nes: And it is in our opinion foil}' to undei take to correct their statements, exeej in our upright and manly deportuien which may in time give the lie to the; false accusations. It is idle, and a wasl of valuable ink and paper, to undertak to correct the statements, and to assig motives to every Northern newspaper r< porter who amies here perhaps with ii fctructions to vilify us under any pretex What effect can an auomymous newspj per reporter have upon our future we fare? "What difference does it make 1 \ts, even if the Herald's statements wei literaliy true. The fact remains tin Thompson is nominated. And that oth< fact, that he is in tho opinion of mair the best man for the place, is not to I denied. Then why be so sensitive to a inannreciable difference in statemeut < facts. took Well to Tour Sanitary Arrant ments. The sickly season is upon us, and nun: tiers of people in many sections of tli State are sufferers from various disease; Chills and fever, typhoid fever, and intei mittent fever, seem to be the prevailin causes of complaint. In Union county and, in some sections nearer home, tli cause of sickness is attributed to tli large quantities of wheat, oat, and barle straw, which lie rotting in great pile: where it was left by the thresher. Otl ers attribute the sickness to the unusut amount of rain which has fallen tlii veark but we would suggest that there ar many other causes which bring abov sickness and death. Sickness is usual! brought on from two principle cause.1 Personal exposure and too great a disr< gard of the recognized laws of healtl {Second, filthy premises. There are fain (. lies who take very little care to sweep th accumulations from beneath the Uoor ( their dwelling. Others throw their sloj from the kitchen window, anil thereb create a sour filthy place, which is a fruii ful source of fever. Others again kce pigs iu pens near the house, and seldor sweep the back yards. From tties causes come diphtheria and typhoid f< ver. In these days of enlightened Cliri? tianitv and well known laws of health, : should be our religious duty to keep on premises clean. Cleanliness is next t godliness. What then shall we say c the man who leaves his premises so tilth that it otfends our senses and sends deat Hbroad in the very air which lie and hi family are to breathe. The time is pa* when Christian people can blame th I^ord for sickness and death from tvphoi fever. They can no longer speak correct ly of the mysterious ways of divin Providence in carrying ofl our familic bv diphtheria. The causes of tvphoi fever and dipthcria are v eil known, atn v.~ ...u~ ...nr.,ii.. I,; lie UU Y> 1111411\ llCfjIUUlO V\f V1VUII til premises need not expect to escape t!i penalty. A rotten potato in the closeto u decaying cabbage head in the garden may cause typhoid fever. Impure wate drank by cows may contaminate th milk, which iu turn may cause diptheria Then if so slight a neglect may cause th approach ot these most deadly diseases what may wc expect when all the laws o health are entirely neglected. Let ever man clean his well or spring. Let no the water, which should be pure, corrup our bodies, and let not death come to u: in the air which should sustaiu life. The Greenbaokcrs Want Aiken's Place Hon.D. Wvatt Aiken was re-nominate( for Conzress by tho Convention at An derson last Fiiday. It is now said tha Mr. W. W. Russell, the Greenbacker will make a contest for the place. This calculation of course is based upon th< hope of receiving the radical vote, anc the support of all the sore heads. There are about enough Greenbackers in this State to fill the various State and Countv offices and if we lie idle while they gather up all the negro votes, they may gel some of the places. Shall we allow th{ same old party, under a new name, to take charge of the State? We may have nn active campaign, in which we will need the assistance of every true Carolinian and we should be fully alive to the danger which threatens. We take no part or parcel iu that policy which would under-estimate the strength of our enemy, and which may have the effect of lulling ns into a false feeling of security. If we sleep, they may work the more vigorously. We have had an active campaign for party nominations, but the most important work is yet to be done. We must elect tho nominees against the Radicals under the leadership of the Greenbackers. The name Greenbacker 13 a delusion and a snaro. Every illiterate negro will be a Greenbacker, and every intelligent white man knows that the financial policy of the country requires more ability for its successful management than every other department of the government. We regard any man who would disturb the well-feettled finances of any country as either an absolute fool or a public enemy. Our present banking &y&icm is one of the best results of the ^ ? * '* ~ *' " >* ^juryvr^- win <ii mi nr wmcra: |'" i" war, ami those who would break it up deserve very little consideration from any I patriot, ho he Kepublienn or Democrat. In tins country the name < Si ocn backer is 17 j<>iiiy ;<:i >th?. r nr'nie fur I\Uv*;?*nl. D"cs; j l n^t the ; bv Hit* n-'vv name, liavcj aim h of :ls forme:- lYayram-e? ; li : - | i - ? -? A Proposed Honor to n? Abbeville 3Ian. : A correspondent of tlie Xars <iml Con! ricr nominates Win. II. Parker, Esq., ol our town for Speaker of the next House th of Uepiesentalivos, and that nomination J j is seconded liy a correspondent <>f tin -Vl | I'rrss tnitl liauncr. Mo would make ati excellent prcsi lint; ofticer,and the House |!l [will honor itself by falling him to p"e- iii |'^do over its deliberations. 1 lis natural ^ lability and his attainments cniineiUly it< ,'ijuttlil'v him for the ollice. V, <!>*' Ill .Mass Men tin?. n 01 | There will be a mass meeting of the tii j Nomocracy ftt Abbeville Court House H"' I next Wednesday, .September I'th. I'is- h>: tinguished sneakers are ex peeled to ad- j", j dress the people, atul a good tiirn-oi.col i" jour citizens is expected. Preparation.-.I 'alequateto tlie occasion will no doubt be "J j made. The subject will eoinc before the j County Ciub m-xt Monday. " .? ti Stony Point Notes. I The refreshing rain of Saturday after- t< j noon wus quite benelieial to the crops, ui j which are very good indeed. 'I I Misses Sallie and Mary Godbold, of j Cokesbury, who have been spending L'/M.,n)imn.it f'nl 1 .mv's linvo ret 11 mod to ! hi ,! their home, much lo the sorrow of our|R ! gallant youths. i)' Miss Mary Timtnerman, of Darlington, is oil a visit to Miss Annie Law. " i M Mrs. H. I). Smart, urc Miss Klla Aiken,! \* ??! has been on a visit to Mr. Jiavid Aiken.j-} ii Thft you 11 a people have had several! J , ! ploaslna dances recently at Col. Law's. L, ' J Miss L"ilaO'.\call is visiting friends in i> 'IGreenville. | ;> i Messrs. Thomas and Aiken Stace/. who; " .! will) their sisters, have hcen spending! [' j-i sonic time in the mountains, have return-! n ed, much pleaded with their trip. |o ?I Miss Jennie Fuller expects to leave i? c I soon for Columbia Female College, where ? ,, she will finish her studies. Sore eves of a severe typo are prevail- p ' ins to quite ail extent. ii ltevs. Messrs. Kelly and lUichanan j.1 t! have been conducting a protracted meet- [' _; ing at liethlehcm Methodist Church, with (good results. t i ?' " j: r. .miss *1 line is >pt;;iuiii? ouuiv ? ii time with relatives in Newberry. n We all are very much interested on (ho *' subject of a railroad through our section j just now. Our leading spirits are quite l sanguine as to the praetibility of such a ii road. " DfUio. J - * f, Survivors' Meeting. e The surviving members of Company j, 1?\, Holcombe Legion, are requested to I < ,r meet at Hodges, S. C., on Wednesday, I' >1 13th, for the purpose of perfecting the!* roll of the company, in conformity with ii the request of the Adjutant General. It Members are requested to bring with jt them all memoranda and information of j' io the names of those who were wounded, j u killed or died, and the date and manner t ' of their death, that they can obtain. j < J. I-*hank 1 loixiksj Captain. It v The Youngest Represent alive. j ( s IIohoes, S. ('.. Aug. 20, 1SS2. g Editors I'rcss and Banner : ie In your last issue you said Hon. J. J. | Nemphil would be the youngest man in j i tiw? Jstii Cniuri'iiss. If hp is ro-elccted 1*. c l? H. Dugro of New York, who beat|J }f "Billy" Astor, will !>c the youngest man:* !C in the House. He is only L7 year* old. I . o . I Mass Meeting at Abbeville. Editors jPrcx* and Banner: r* Please make mention in vonr paper! >t that the mass meeting will take place at! t, Abbeville on the 6th of September, and J : I that a large turnout is desired. I Yours trulv, ? EUGENE IS. GARY. ;e 11 Address of the State Democratic Com-1 j. mittce to the People of the Stale. ; i- Rooms ok rns ") t. Statk Dkm. Exkcutivk Committki:, v j A? COLt'MHIA, S. 0., August 15, ls&2. J | Fellow Citizen*: The candidates nomi-j i *" nated by the State Democratic Couven-j j x>jtion at Columbia are worthy 01 tue sup-,; ejport of the whole people. No otherjt | political body will, or can, present to you i , | candidates lor State offices who have ji !r equal claims to your confidence. The:' ^ Democracy of South Carolina have re- i ^ (e ceived the nominations with unfeignedj \ satisfaction, and arc determined to elect jc n j their candidates. It will be an unmixed i < 5f blessing to the State, however, if there f shall bo truce to political strile, and lionest men, with honest purpose and with- i out regard to their political associations {n k. in the past, unite in voting for the up- j4 right, capable and faithful candidates L who are now before the people. The s Democracy cannot be expected to load j t themselves down with taxation for the; s benefit of their former opponents, if these J} persist in preferring political tramps orj( r- imported vagabonds to Carolinians ofjr (rI proved worth aud acknowledged merit, it fj The principles declared by the State!' ''(Convention as formulating the ohjcetsjj icjand intentions of the Democratic partyj? o! are intelligible, liberal and progressive.11 j They look to the preservation of Honest l j Home llule as tlie paramount need ofj? '?| good citizens of every condition in life, :s i- J and they pledge to all the people the just! < d; administration of equal laws, and eeono-j > | my with efficiency in the conduct of the If ls j Government. In the broader arena of ! c1 National affairs the South Carolina Deiri- : ? it j ocracy stand pledged to tlie reform of thet .. j tariff system, so as to lessen the burdens! i: 7 Ion the people, and to the reform of the, I j civil service as a means of purifying;? 5-; politics. When the political workers. c K 1 shall no longer have a hundred thousand j ti j Federal olfices as a lure and bait for their, c " j hungry dependents, the power of combi- j'' nations of unscrulpulous poitieians will * >f assuredly be broken, and for every can-jt ls didate, within his party, there will be a I n fair field and no favor. The Democracy e y demand likewise that the Federal Gov- j ? t- eminent, by liberal appropriations from v pi the Ireasury for educational purposes, |a I help the Souihern States to convert the j <1 (present and rising generation of freed- j.'1 ;e! men into intelligent aud responsible eiti- ' J' !-!zens. In all things the South Carolinai j .. Democracy solemnly hind themselves, | t ! before their fellow-countrymen, to pur-;' 1 j sue that public policy which will make 1 r j the whole people content, by securing; Ji o! their rights, guarding their privileges jy J and fostering their growing prosperity. j t I The Stale Executive Committee remind; * y their Democratic fellow-citizens that,'r h j while the control of South Carolina has|* iS| been won bv the party, and with that con-! f ! trol has come the intelligent administra-; d I lion of governmental affairs and peace in 1! e 1 every Carolina home, the power of the! j d j Democracy can only bo maintained andj, I consolidated by eternal vigilance and un-j i. | tiring elt'ort. The Democracy are not j f 0 so Strong that they can afford to disagree j1 s or divioo. Disunion now would be as * j I perilous as in the historic campaign six it , years ago, when the State was wrested i > from the grasp of the ignorant and cor-j c s rupt. Toleration there should be ivithin i Ji e the party lines. There is ample scope j v I and verge there for the assertion of inili- j ji Jvidual views and opinions. But those It '?j who abandon the party or oppose it, be- |1 r | cause the measures they prefer have not i {! PI adopted, make themselves the enemies of u I good government, whether they choose > ' | to masquerade as Independents or boldly J" el Haunt the black Hag of the Republican ;" ;! party. Political solidarity is ns imp<?r-j" J.J taut ar, ever before, and there is loss ex-: tl cuse than in any previous can vass Cordis- tl Hcontent and desertion. Opposition to the''1' t j Democratic candidates and the Democrat- {' t|ic platform, in this campaign, must bo (! ,! taken as proof of invincible ignorance, or 8 j of greed and ambition that would sacri- n fice the brightest hopes of the State lor j 1 the gratification of personal desires. i " The State Committee earnestly urge Jin itheir fellow-Democrats to exert them-,". \ j selves to the utmost to bring out a full''( vote, and to sparo no pains to swell tliojJV "franks of the colored Democracy. Byjq, t well-considered laws, repeating and bal- j m ,' lot-box stuffing are alike guarded against, j fo .! The Democracy, therefore, can go iuto <r the canvass with the assurance that tho J ? strength of the opposition will not be in- j n( I creased by trickery or fraud, and with i in s the satisfaction of knowing that, in South j at , ] Carolina, there shall be, beyond dispute, j fi,.: * a free and fair election. By personal ex-! r ertion, in exhibiting and explaining to!j,f j individual voters the benefits and bless- j in > j ings of Democratic rule, tho Democracy' }-'-N ' j can command the intelligent support and ' continuing co-operation of the colored j tn II people. To this end no labor, no persua-{ ru 11 sion, no argumont should be spared. So m i will the Democracy be proud of the tri-! j1' j umph they shall enjoy, as the lawful and I legitimate result of just administration. lKy j wise nominations, 1 il>eral principles, and ; rci systematic and unflagging work. This! ',0 we owe to the State, and we owe it to the j j traditions of the master-race to which we ; m. I belong. Victory we must have; and ; foi j Honor with victorj'. Ins Jamks r. Izi.att, Chairman. }'* ) G. I). Bkyan, Wm. Monro, J. Otey Kkkd, K. P. Todd, [G. W. CnoFT, Willie Jon km, ml J NO. 15. KlUVIN, (ilLKS J. PATTKRSON, ' "? ' D. P. SojoUNKK, T. STOW) FaISKOW, ! ('. J. C. 11 t'TsoN, Jxo. w. Williams, E. B. Gaisv, J. F. IUiamj:, to 1 Geo. Johnstone, J. D. MpIatas, or ! E. 15. m i:lutay, Wm. Elliott, j Chan. S. Sinklkk, .Jos. 11. Faulk. j?" F. W. Dawson. If fo, The Election of County Commissioners. ^ Attention Democrats.?In consequence of nic , the death of Mr. Jacob Miller.it becomes nee- po essary under the Constitution of ihe County t>l? Democaatic Club, to select another candidate ni< lor the officeot County Commissioner. Mr.J. lav 0. Hetnwlnger having received the no.\t. uui liiirht-Bt vote 10 the lour sent buck by the Club Is t is the proper person. The candidates for up County Commissioner now arc; W. T. Cow- ihi 1.n, J. P. Buliock, G. F. Burdett and J. O. as liiinmlnger of M. P. DkBRUUL,. E. R GARY, iup< bec'ty. County Chairman, j the Capital Puuisiiineiit. s infliction ji'stirrable m BOTH HUMAN AN J) DIVING LAW. i Essay Eead I>i-fore the Abbeville Literary Club by ("apt. M. L. Ifcmliam, Jr., Friday Xiyht, August 25, 18s2. rt would be n matter of somr Interest to net; the history of capital punishment rouuii all ilii: time of its practice anil Illlisil ill! I II'- <11 I i.N I II1111-1 Kill. I'lllc iIn- period hi the world"* history whi n i-ointe power over the lives of the people us vsv.l in sovorHg'is. i he o uc.iy of t he vi n-ifrn re u'at.-ii the- form of punishment, istom <-<>m,-limes >.-t tlw horrible fushion for < iiitr.-r.-ni countries. The Turk strangled s victim v. i'h il:. i?nv<irimr. Tilt- rciiui.uis :ir:yrs <>f t!n> .-;ir!ier i-.-rimi were ston'-d to athand tiif l:ti.-r period hnrne-i ill .- take,?<r put ioii.-ath wit n :tll tlie infernal <:ruments of torture, tin* us.-of which?1 isllguishcl tin- Spanish Inquisition. The avity of the oli'ouce v.-as not always the easnre of tin- punishment. i.isti-n to ?iie ory o! the t><iI!Nlnno:11 of he peasant 1 >amils, who in the eighteenth ntury attempted le lit" of Louis XV. "lie was to have his uht hand btrncd froin his body with llatnig Iniin^tone: the tl.-sh torn with reii hot tiers tV.>ni his breast, arms ami calves: tiling oi! i mured into the wounds thus -i.ii-. and his twvly torn liinji from liniti by nr horses." All w hich humane injunctions c ri> scrupulously carried out. Anil this for i unsueces-ftll attempt on the life of a weak id etf.'te monarch, and in the middle ol'tlie ghteciith century. It is curious how thesklll nnii ingenuity of ian have tortured themselves In theeoncepon ami construction of instruments of torire and death. The axe was perhaps the inplest of all these, and held long and loody sway, as the history of England alone aches. Many a lordly head has felt itssanninary stroke, nor has royalty itself escaped s danger?as witness the fate of the lovely iary and the unfortunate Charles. The eign ot Terror gave birth In Paris to that lost ingenious of instvninents. which was Dm of t he zeal, the hatred, and malice of the evolution, and the venom of the heart of its rogenitor? (.uillotinc-With what ceaseless tivity it continued to work through all that on line |>i ru??i <>! me rivncu i;evoniiion, iint:l!ng the Mood of tin* high and the low i!h the dust of iiistreet* of Paris, till loyIty itself loll a victim to its insatiable thirst ?r blood. TI:o racks, with which the joints I' the victims wore dislocated. tlu? thumb, rows, tin* excruciating iron boot, arc horriiy familiar features of the inquisition. I'.ut early every nation and every period lias had s peculiar forms of punishment, and wc ecii not follow them further. Through all lie changes of times and customs, however, lie galhnvs has iield its own In the inlliction f death, till now it is the universal method f inflict inn the death penalty. And in peaking of capital punishment one is under !ood to mean death by ha lit lug. It would not be less interesting than tiu receding phase of the question, to speak o lie crimes for which death has been inflicted n different countries. They imve range* roir. murder through all the'grades of crlim r> the larceny of a shilling, in enligbtencc ml civilized Kngland. I'ut the harshness o be laws ha? been ameliorated with tin hangesot time, and the offences are now few >r which death is inflicted on the offender ^.nd of these the piincipai one Is murder. However interesting all this Inquiry mni ie, it is not upon this line of the subject tha propose to dwell. The phase of this ques ion, to which public attention Is nov IIreeled, is the right of government to infiic be death penally. I'pon what grounds doe: lovernment has? the right? Anil are id laiins to exercise it well founded'.' In othe: vords. is there divine authority for its ex rcise: and has society, in defense of it: 'Xistencc, its- purity, its peace and happiness he right to take from any man that which i an not restore? Which is of divine origin md esteemed man's highest treasure? Lift tself. The right to live out one's allotei inie the rinilt to oni<?y th" free air. the worlc villi till iis beauties and attractions; lift1 villi its hopes. its anticipations, its joys, ayr ind its sorrows, too! By what ritrlit. docs hii; nan or uovernmi'lit assume lo take awaj his? II" Micro he no right, then arc the di-ed if the law i'self blacker than tlie blackest <> hose for which it has doomed a many a niai o die. If it be not excusable hy divine o veil human views ol right, tlien are the' ,v ho enforce it guilty ol' legal murder?and "All murders past shall he excis-cd in this; This so sole, so uninatchable, \VI1I give a whiteness, a purity, To the yet unborn sins of time." The attention of ilie public, at present, i concentrated upon this question. Statesmen nrists and philanthropists are much Intel stetl in its solution. So strong has the feel 111; grown that I do not doubt it l-as Intel cred with the administration of justiec i'hosc have been allowed to escape all pun shment, who deserved some degree of il .hrough the strength of this feeling. (] course, like all movements which strongl; iitract publieattention, it has over zealous ad orates, who carry their advocacy to too grea eivzth. For instance, when the brutal mat hastino <'ox was contined in a jail In thecit; >f New York, awaiting execution for tii nurder of an unprotected and venerahl ady, his cell was the scene of daily visit Vom ihe most refined ladies of the cit.v vliose sentimental it v upon the subject <1 capital punishment ran riot over their bettc sense and modest feelings. I have nopatienc ,vith exhibitions like tiiis. Indeed I atn : jeliever in the necessity and the expediency if the infliction of the death penalty for cer ain ?Ileuses. Hut I recognize the fact ther growing up a sentiment against capita Hiulslimciit which sustains itself by som ;trong ttrtrunients. unci which cannot i> Ktiorcrl. Nor is the movement without In luence. Already in many of the Slates <i liis I'nion punishment by death lias heei ibolished, and in scarcely any of them is i n dieted for any crime save murder, excepi K-rhaps, in some of the far Western State* vhcre the exigencies of society demand th iuld enforcement of stromr repressive laws vhere, indeed, the red rltiht hand of the mo! >fton tak?? the execution of the law into It iwn hands. In this State the death penalt; tttachcs to a conviction for either murder irson. or rape. But more of this later. "All men are born free and equal, endowei ?yttieirCreatorwith certain inalienableright tmoug which are the rights of enjoying ant leftndlng tneir lives and liberties.'' * * This is tiie language of the Constitution o he state?the organic law of the land; thi ouree from which we draw the authority fo lie exercise of the necessary functions o [ovcrnment nnd of citizenship; the bulwirl vhich protects us from the encroachments o he governing power, as Magna ('hartn pro ecteii the Barons from the violence ant apacity of the kitig. By !t ail men are de lared to be endowed with the right to enjoj heir lives. It is declared to beafiod glvet i;*ht! How then do wc reconcile to thii leclarntioii the Infliction of the death pen illy ? Is there divine authority to take awaj ills gift of God?that immortal spark calle< i/r, wliich illuminates and adorns tho bod) l(.';u<"u in uie linage ui us ,ti<inci . uvi in ce. At the croatlon of the world the Creator or Initial a code of laws for Its governance, atttl nade man to live under this system. Adati itu! Kve sinned In the Garden of Eden, am >y that deed sin came into the woild. Flow nz from and consequent upon this first trans :re.?sion, tlic first murder was committed hi ltc first horn of the unhappy pair?a foti nurder, dictated by tlic meanest of hum,it lassions, jealousy, and done upon the persot il a brother; a deed so heinous that in II; ijrht the world has writ at the head of thi ataloxuc of crimes?murder.' And yet this leed was not punished by the death of th< riminal. On tnecontrary, after the scntenct in>t been passed which made the murderer t uuitlve and a vnnabohd In tlie earth:am be conscience of tlit* wretched man led him o tear that the hand of every man would b< nainst hirn, the Lord said "Whosoever slay th Cain, vengeance shall be taken on iiitr even fold." And He set a marls upon Gait est any tindiu<i him should kill him. ThU: ra?* the mantle of Ihe divine mercy thrown .round to protect him from the hands of in liRiiant men. And from this fact, that th< \rxt murderer escaped the death penalty, tlx ipponents of that form of punishment draw I... ii.fi....two Hint it was m> nart. fif (Jod'i mention tlie death penalty should evei 10 indicted The argument is plausible in bis. that if in the wisdom of the I>ivln< icing tills regulation should govern, tills tlx ery first inssance of inurder was surely the it occasion toenfotecit. Hilt theanswer issin ile. At this period of the world's history iod had ordained no such punitive law. 1 i-as tiie spirit of Ilis fraud and benetlcen dun of creation that love rather than feai nonld govern men. He created man pun ,nd innocent, and gave him this world, fresh rom ilis hand, fair and beautiful, for lib Iwelling place, surrounding him with eveiv ding tnat could contribute to his happiness u iiis state ol simplicity and innocence, lint nan been true to his destiny there hud beet 10 need for restrictive laws. Nor would the iciilngnant God aller the tenor of His who!) dan because of the crime of Cain, lib ucrcy was torn; sull'erinir. and be would nol 'Ct visit heavy punishment upon ills dill Iren. Hut the wot Id was hastening on to tin line when the change became necessary Ian multiplied on the face of the earth, ant enturies ran their course. And with that (Hirst: the wickedness of nmu grew apace And God saw that the wickedness of mat ras ureal ill tlie earth. * * Anditro 'Cited I lie I/ird that He had made man on he earth." * ? * Here was ills scheme 01 he world destroyed through the wickednesf nd sinfulness ol man, and in sorrow God cut the deluge upon the earth, sweeping way every living thing save those sent with ;?.i.li Into the ai'Jc. And with the destruction f these Hie existing order of things went I so. < 'haos, eijiiil almost to that out ol hicli the original cr?alloii came, reigned gain. Hut when the waters had subsided, lie world began again- begun under new conitions, under new regulations and rules, lie inability of man to comprehend and rise the requisites ol the llrst order of creation mile necessary Ibis change. To give peretiiifyand stability to Hits new order God I His bow ol promise in the heavens and uide a covenant with Noah, wnicli was to ist for all the time to come. Uy this coveant wjus man to be governed, by its rules ml regulations ho was to live, i'rineipal lining the in tides of that eoveuaut is this: And surely your blood of your lives will 1 <juire; at the hand ol every beast will J reHire it, and at the hand of every man; al le hand of every man's brother will I retire the life of man," "Whoso sheddeth all's blood by man shall his blood be shed, r in the image ol God created He man." In the period preceding the deluge, disroird for human lile was not the least of the lenses which worked the increasing wicked* iss of the world. Hence, in tills new beging, In this new era, God set the unmlstukeile seal of His condemnation unoti liiin who lould dye his hands in blood. In the image God made He man, and whosoever should ,'stroy or deface that imuge should incur the 'unities of a plain and explicit law, for by an should his blood be shed. The grand perinieiit of a government regulated by ve and good-will had failed through man's liriuities; hence it became necessary to reslin him by plain laws, so explicit tliatigno-j nee should be no exctisc for their Infringe-i enl. So high a value did God place upon e life of the creature made in His own lage that He gave every man special charge er the lile (.fall men. It was a universal stem of protection, and whosoever proved j i-reant to the trust incurred the pciiultyfof nth at the hands of liiun. Not by mob law, | itnt tiie hands of him who first discovered' e dce?l. I( was not intended that every j in should strike down the slayer whenever 1 ind. lie was to be punished under the law ' promulgated? under t he government ostab-1 bed under the immediate supervision of| vinity Itself, (iod had orduiaed a code ofi ,vs for tiie government of iiniti. Of course I put in motion the machinery for their ad-1 lilslrntlon. The patriarchal system ol'i verniiient obtained, and under Its forms the ! irderer met the penalty ol his misdeeds.: > ether course was possible. To give to try man liberty to slay the murderer, gave him license to Indulge his hatred, malice I revenge under cover of tins excuse. :o that here Is th> ground upon which nil vernments base the right to inflict capital' nishment. It was embodied in the Noaclii covenant, and mm come down toussusned by the practice of all the intervening 'S. And it has been reserved for this, the >st enlightened of them all, to question the iver and the source whence It came. The I Testament sustains it,and the New Testn nt recognizes it. Throughout the code of fs which the Lord gave to Moses for the idance of the people of Israel this principle au^ht. "Thou shall not k 111" wns written mi the tablet ol stone amidst the war of elements which prevailed upon Mt. Sinai, tiie Immortal Hand traced the characters the law. "If a man cainc presumptuously ; un bis neighbor to slay him, with guile, >u shult take him from mine altar that he i / I ~ / . may die.'' Not even I lie sanctity of tl?o alt-ar, to which he had fled fur refuge, should save j ' liirn w ho slew his neighbor with malice afore | though!; and Hum, the ruler, the g ivernor, ( shut lake him ilietiec that lie may die." Can | language lie plainer? Can anj man doubt Us | iriiiiilii.? N it not direct and po>itlveau-| ! ihority? And I might muitlpiy examples; ! from Holy Writ. lUit It does nji neid thnt I i : should. The imeivnce U IniM.-ilbl'J thatI.)! 11 lie wisdom of God It was ne .-e^sury lV>r the I | protection of human life, thai man In Hit' di ? I chaise of tlie functions of government should i have power to inrliet the ucath penalty upon j tiie murderer. Society goes further, however,and questions the expediency of this form ot punishment. Admitting, lor the sake of argument, the right to Inflict It, it donhts the wisdom of enforcing it. Wendell i'hilllps gives voice lo this feellnc, in an ahle article In the .Xorth . I nxriaiii Jlt vit w fur Deeeinher, ISSl. Says he. Hut even if we restrict the punishment oil death to murder alone, when we remember our ex peri vine that the infliction of tin I death penally nourishes the spirit 01 rvH-upv, I demoralizes the community (a laci. confessed j t?y tin* now aimosi universal custom of prii vale executions, lessens the sacrcdnoss of iiu| man life, largely prevents the prosecution and, to a great extent, ihe punishment til I crime, it. becomes evident that you must I prove thc-tieatli penalty absolutely necessary before' government is justiried in u.simr it." I Are these objections well founded? The ; lirst is that the iniiiction of this penalty nourishes the spirit of revenge. In whom? In 1 tiie iViends and relatives of the person executed. t'eriainly ii does. So would any othI er t'lini-liment, imprisonment, lioguing,conl 'ineinent in the chain gang, banishment, to J penal colonies have the same ellect. with the ; further b.ul feature of leaving thu person who jsutiers the punishment alive to nurture and satisfy his vengeful leiiiugs. Is it, therefore I to tiearaned that all punishment must, cease became the friends fit' the prisoner and the prisoner himself entertain bitter leelimts on the subject. 'J'liat would be carrying sentimentality to the verge of absurdity. The The next position Is tiiat executions demoralize the community. I think public executions do more or less demoralize Ihe lower classes of the community by pandering to their tastes for the sensational, liut they have the counteracting good influence of showing that class of persons they must take heed to their ways. .\or is it altogether true, as .Mr. Phillips assumes, that, on this account executions are done in private. Thecontrol _ . \... ?i i<! (l.fll 1hn<?l:iHSof I llNJi rCilSUU Kir IIIC Ulinii^u in, umi ?..v- v. I people upon whom llic execution is intended j to have a wholesome cll'cct, arc greatly inliu! cured by the mysterious. The criminal executed in public becomes somewhat a hero. He who is executed in the privacy of his eell is a felon who has suffered the penalty of his (atrocious deeds. The third proposition is 'itliat it lessens the sacredness of human life, 'and from this position I differ in toto. On theIcmtrar.v it teaches with what sanctity the j law regards human life, and in the loudest ; tones, and the most .stiiking manner, says to '(all men, touch this precious treasure at your I peril. T he last proposition is that It prevents the prosecution, and to a great extent, the punishment of crime. It is true that punish' I mcntout of proportion in its severity to the juravityof the offence, lmsa bad effect. Juries ": hesitate toeonviet under those circumstances. I This was the case in England when I he .[crimes for which death was inflicted ranged Jl from murder to petit larceny. lint when the enormity of the offense makes a heavy punI ishmcnt necessary, and Juries understand 'jtliat the safety of the community depends '.! upon it they do not hesitate to convict, when II the law and the evidence warrant it. Anoth* i er objection urged by other writers is the dan ' ger of putting to death innocent person? througi) the uncertainty of circumstantial ev idence.and inilrmities of temper of witnesse; : and mistakes of law. It is unfortunately 1 true that Innocent persons have sufferer death. Hut the law is humane and merciful and juries are always informed that it is n ' maxim of the law that it is better for ninety Sjiiine guilty men toosenpc than for one Inno u . n?,. ?ri?? u-tdlntn and nrae ' j CUII t pel .>UI1 tu ."UIIV. 4 ..u .. . , r tice of our uses demonstrate tlmt. our systerr * of trial Is I he safest that, human intellect cai s devise. It Is conceived in justice, and exe en ted in mercy mid fitirnesH to t lie accused 1 Its cardinal principle is t.'jual and exact jus tice before the law tor all men. And thougl * under its forms some who were innocen j have suffered death, the safety of life, the sc 1 enrity of property and the protection of liber '? ty, which for so many aires It hastriven tlv ' i civilized world, are the lasting monuments o ''' Its wi'd'Hii and etllclency, and greatly over ' j balance the evil. *1 The m.-nerat answer to all these objections i; ' the duty of government to give protection n 1 life, liberty and property to all of its citizens ' | A theory of the origin of government is, tha '| man originally in a stateof nature, entcrei i Into a compact of government, whereby eacl ; one surrendered something of his persona rightsard liberties, in lieu of which the srov eminent promised protection in the enjoy mcnt of life, liberty and property. Anotln? theory is, that government is the ont-growtl ' of the family relation. Whatever its origin all statesmen are agreed that in lieu ol' tb support and ohedlc-nce of Its citizens the gov .j eminent owes tlu-m protection. ThM'onstl , tutlons of all free countries are based npoi '* this doctrine. The question then, which socl et.^ asks In conncction with onr subject I if I this, Is it necessary and expedient In the dis ..Icharge of this duty on the part of govern 1.1 mcnt to resort to capital punishment ? Ian . iswer that It is. Moral influences, cilucatloi ??(i iho tbinis.'ind agencies ti ^ llllll I VTI l^iwai, IMI\* v?av w civilization tench and praeticc obedience ti e the laws, as one of the highest private am p public virtues. Hut In every .State, in ever; s society there are those upon whom thes . causes produce no eflect. And consequently j other means must he hrouuht Into nlay t< r produce the desired result. How powerful i e the emotion of fear I need not pstnse to (lis Icuss. It controls often where the persuasion j of love, the force of principle,and the dictate 'of morality have failed. Love of life is an in fi ! herent natural feeling, and the fear of its los I j is correspondingly stromr. 1 cannot nnalyz ,,}the reasons why we love life. It is scared: ,, j capable of analysis. It nfay be, ns said ihi !* J uu-laix-holy Pane, the fear of what comes at ter death, or it may he the love of the jrooi , j things of life I know not why ili? but it i II true that when old age has h,Id its burden land infirmities on us, when disease lias mark I ('il us lor its prey, when cares ami sorrow e and poverty have made of it a burden, wi . cling to life willi all the tenacity of the day j of our youth, when il spread out bright, am s hopeful before us. Therefore when the lav says if you do this you shall forfeit your life i must have a strong influence in delerrlni ' men from the commission of the forbiddei j thing. It is a sad truth that many men an s honest, not because honesty is an trjunetioi j of morality and the law, but because honest; * is the best policy. The law punishes dishon f esty, therefore many men are honest. S< e when the law punishes murder and rape will r death, men curb their passions, leave ven C ireanceto the law and to God, and shun mur c der and rape, because Uiey love life and fea f death,and thus capital punishment operate,1 . in the protection of society. j When we take Into consideration the fac . that every month sees thousands and tens o . thousands of immigrants of every class ant j condition of life, drawn from the people of ai j. most every country of the globe, poured lnt< our country It would seem to be folly to abol ish capital punishment. Many of these poo j pie. perhaps the majority of them are vicloui , and criminal, rendered suspicious by their ig ' j norance of our customs,our manners and ou I i....... <Ua.. ?1is.ti* hVnllwllf'pt,; Jlinl If* I IUW>, UIC IV*.* UJ lltVM 1"*J .! no ranee Into serious eriinos. Many of th?n ." conic here filled with the Utopian idea tha . tins is a land of absolute freedom nnd liberty > ('hallim under the stringent laws of the oldei eountrlesthey come hereexpeetlng to indulgi I in .ill sorts of license and lawlessness. Henci ' j when they run counter to the law its I rot 11 hand fails on them. They are a dangerous el emeni in cur midst, and before they can be [Iconic assimilated with us, and absorbet ! I among us, they need the strong reprcwlvi tinnd of the law to keep them In check, ant to ptotect soe'ety against them. This phas< [ of the question has somewhat of a local inter ; est tor us of tne south. Wehavcln our in ids! 'ja j>eople who have lived far more than lw< JI eennries ii? bondage, who despite tlieirusso c-iallon with a superior and highly eivllizct , | people, and their long subjection to the inliti fences of religion,education, and civi'.lzatioi " are yet distinguished, as a class, hy a low or . derofmortl intelligence, and imperfect con . ceptlon of the duties of citizenship; by surer stltion, brutal passions and Ignorance. Th( softening Intluences which have brought tin I civilisation of tlie Anglo-Saxon race to it: I i present high state, have fallen without ellec Ion them. Hespect for the law, In its highesl I sense, obedience to the law, as a moral duty .. are scarcely known to iliein. or If tlicy enter tain the one and practlee the other It Is le , cause of their wholesome fear of the conse ^ qucnces of an infringement of the laws ; With this race in our midst, it were worsi . than folly toabollsh capital punishment. Up . | on no other people would the effect of an ex , jecutlon be more powerful. Ills true tha . I they will come In crowds and travel inuiij . j miles to witness a public execution, and ap , I parently enjoy the exhibition. Ilut 1 huvi Ikcpii Miem stand silent and cowed and de . i pressed outside the walls where thcprivnti ] I execution of one of their race was In courst "lot" consummation. They were deeply inr j pressed with the secrecy, the solemnity unc : i the silence of the occasion. As no one eiijoyi , J life more than the neuroso no one fears dentl ;;inore, and upon hi in the tear of the deatl ' I penalty Is an aMdin^ Intluenee. Whether death should he Inflicted for anj I olt'enee mive murder, I have not time to dis | cuss. There certainly Is no Divine authority lor its IntiicLioii lor any other crime. And i there Is but one other in which 1 favor Its use | and that Is rape. Whilst I am no apologist o j mob law, the shorter the snriii.niiti inc speeu ier the death of the ravlsher, the hetler Is tlx ; titled. In my opinion. Tins purity of woman hood, tiie manliood within us demand thai J- there he no mercy for such as lie. In (in words of the placard placed upon the breasl of one recently executed in l<anciiKt.cr for thin ; offence, "Our women Khali he protected." In 1 this instance nt leiist iii Ik lit must make rluht, j and the great heart of Immunity which bent* 1 to the same strain in us all, will upprovc and : applaud the act. Ko the theorem that I have had todetnonI strate was that there Is Divine auLhority for j capital punishment. That it is the duly of '(government to Inflict It, anil thai thecxlgen| cies of society demand lis enforcement. That , tin-He propositions are true. Is proved hy the i f-clings with which all men looli upon hlin who makes of the body (' An empty casket whence the Jewel of life, , liy some damned hand was robbed and ta'cn i away." And liy the general approval with which they ; look upon the Jury and the Judge who try, land the Khcrili wdo hangs the murderer by j the neck till he he dead ! dead! dead! though I the pious among them ejaculate, "May God i have mercy on your soul!" Muckej'.s MucliinatIons. CllEHTKK, August 1'itll 1SS2. /no. if. McXrrt />(/., ('/illinium Democratic Executive flumuiit/ee, ttfh Conyressionut District, Chester, S. V. Sih: As an Independent enndidato for Congress, In the 5th Congressional District,and charged with the conduct of the campaign in behalf of those who do not recognise any ob; ligation resting upon them to support theI I Democratic nominee for Congress: l deem it ' ; my duty to notify you, that any attempt to j "divide time" at Independent .meetings. ?>cj cording to the method heretofore practiced by I Democratic partisans, will be resisted lis a vl-1 olation of the right of free iissemblnge. and a | I menace to the right of free speech These) sacred rights are guaranteed alike hy the Con- J s! I lotions of the State and Nation, and we Will tralntain them, peaceably if we cnn,| forcibly If we must. Those whom I have the: honoi to represent oil my candidacy will asscmlile at suited tinn-H and places, putillely, to ! advocate, and to hear advocated, t lie suprein- j acy of virtue and Intelligence in the. govern-I ment of the whole county, tiased upon a tree I ballot and a lair count. As to these vital mat-1 Ieis, they propose, in a lawful manner, to ex- j ercise their Inviolable right ol private Jiulg-j ineiit, as Ameelcan citizens. In this connection I Invite your attention to section .1,of tin; revised Statutes, of I lie Culled Stales, "which torblds, under severe penalties all | coinblnations to prevent by force. Intimidation, or threat any clll/.en, who Is lawfully entitled to vote, from giving his support or advocacy in a legal manner, in favor of the eleetlon of any lawfully <|Ualllii-d person, as a member of the Cong rcssoi Hie lulled Stales." Very respectfully T. J. MACKKY. I Many snakes in (ink-On Saturday afternoon last. Mr. Ilenry Wilson, Jr.. killed a j moccasin snake near the creek In the lowor nart of town, that measured about five feet in length and eight Inches In circumference. Theblgsimke was cut open and Inside of It was found twenty even little shakes varying in size from ten to eleven inches. D Is said that the old snake, upon npproacli of danger. | will swallow her little ones to shield them | from harm, and tills must have been an in- | stance of that kind.?Camden Journal. i The Columbia Yeoman Is one of the most < readable and newsy sheets ever published in i this State, and Is greeted as a welcome guest ' in every household It has ever visited. It Is 11 hard for us to keep it in our ofllco the people i < ui'C so uuxloub to see ll.?C\xnidcn Journal, I # IMPROVEMENT OF THE CEREALS, d" ti n By Mr. Blount, of Colorado. th f The .Xatirmrt! Farmer, Washington, D. C] "n At the present day the cereals, under the (J.1 common mode of Yulilvatlon, yield only ab^ut bevcK-slsteenllis of their real rapacity within thec- r^-al belt of our country. Were th'.' wholearea of the United states included. I 0l the maximum yield would stand at a much luwer llijure. , Wheat, oats, com, bailey, rye. and rice co->- llJ atitute our eeieals. ni Co: 11 and oais are not particular where they arc planted; they will grow and try to make something. They are really Indigenous to 111 every state; In tact, they flourish In all their j"0 beauty, luxuriance and usefulness anywhere j between tide water and snow-line. \\ heat, narley, rye and rice are much more p.1 i i...Kuu n,?rnr,.|?? iiIn til eccentric in men iiuun.-), - soils ami cltmutcs to develop their essential properties for innn anil boast. * * * The i,! Jreat American Desert, which Includes the agricultural portions of Colorado, is fast he- '' coming the leading section, especially for wheat, tints, harley, and most of the vegetables. To raise tnese costs much less than elsewhere, the crop beinc much surer and the yield greater. , In the Hist pliic^. uj> to this time, no fortili- V zers whatever have hern used, the character <>f the soil and water bping such aslo preclude I he necessity of this expense. Secondly, no loss is sustained Irom the eftccts of drought. lt the system of irrigation being so perfected that every crop of the wakeful farmer re- P ccives its due amount of moisture. The ex- J,' pens-! incurred by irrigation does not amount ?' on an average to more than -in or."><) ) per cent. '.l' of the losses sustained from drought and wet. The expense of preparing the soil, sowing, cultivation and harvesting is less by 130 to lion " per cent, than in wooded sections. The yield, 11 too, is much greater. So far as their adaptation to soil and ell- *\' mute is concerned, as well as to the wants of i! ? ? Urt.?,|0 ?!,rv Tt :i II | ]|0 | 111,111, <_ /! 11 1.U.1U1 ...Vi properties of the others, nml more?it has an ' abundance of oil and'the power to resist all yj iis enemies. . Wheat Is full of eccentricities, mndc up of " whims and freaks. In some sections it promises one day to mako the farmer a millionaire; the next, these promises are all blasted bv blasted heads and rusty blades. In money value, wheat Is king; Indeed, of so treat value Is It that corners are built upon It here and there, nnd large supplies are exported to Ll the remotest ends of the world. Corn Is general and universal, reaching in j' Its uses and provisions farther than all tlie ^ rest. , Every man can raise corn, but every man 11 cannot raise wheat. Now.lt Is a fact we all , recognize than half a crop Is not mad'* In the , cultivation of the cereals the country over. Why? Every one can give a reason. It. Is the object- of Mils lecture to givo mine in a few *' practical remarks. J Records and well authenticated reports ' show that 102 bushels of wheat, sown broadcast, have been produced per acre, (T. S. Hay, Montana;) that Ids bushels by special culture, (K. K. Ilallct, England ;> that 701 pound* from ' one pound of seed, (A. I. Scogglns;) that 1.S00 * j pounds from one sown, (K. A. Ulonnt;) and j that "i7f!,-SI0 grains, per 47 pounds and 7 ounces, j J have been produced from one grain, by dlvlslion, resetting and cultivation, Miller, Ji Cambridge.) i liecorus aivo snow iriai -nu uumivik w a ] shelled corn have been raised on one acre, ;; 0'. J, Cox. Sclma, Ala.;) that til ounces have ' ;'b?cn produced from one kernel. Coinp'on; | that. 3 bushels and !l pounds from 100 stalks. j (A. K. lllount:) that G2'.4 ounces on one simile 'j stalk, A. E. jilount. Sow, if. with a little , M science and extra culture, the capaeifv of t J wheat and corn can he strained un to these ' 1'figures, is there not room for doubling the , ' I averages by the ordinary method of cultlva- ' 11 lion? t It is hardly necessary lo sny that there Is . I ample room. It Is one of the strangest thine* - to my mind why tills taping cha-m has not lone a*ro been bridged. In the first place I | shall attempt, to show where Ihe first abntII ment should be put In. taking wheat to begin 1 11 with. Seed wheat, as generally used now- , a-days, i.s hardly tit lor chicken feed, say nothing of using it for seed. It is degenerate. lnipun?, imperfect, full of parasitic/iinr/i. and , 1 simply rninous to the farmer find to our I health. Up t:o this dale Ihere are in the United - c?oi<w nvfr <)lflr>ri?nt. varieties of snrlni? fjnixl winter wheats: among nil these that , : j have become standards are found typical and ' (genuine grain, true to name?which any fari iner with an eye to Improvement and profit s must, see In his ripening crop. This genuine 11 grain, which-Is always found in the largest stools?those that come up evenly together | 'land ripen uniformly, he should select and 1 m pick himself and sow on choice laud, cult 1- ' 11 vate, harvest, and put away under lock and II key to he again sown, cultivated and har*j vested by himself, that no meddling can In' terfere and no mixing can take place. * * * r| "Jle who by the plow would thrive. > Himself must either hold or drive." ' This is the first abutment I would put In e I the bridge, the tirst step toward perfecting a | wheat by the pedigree system, the Fystem " adopted by F. F. Hallet ami many other In1 j telllgent and successful wheat growers of our - own country. 8 I5y following the rules by which it. Is sue ecssfully carried out, and observing the - natural laws that govern vegetable growth, '* wheat can be made to double the length of III the head. Increase the grain I(V) per cent., its ''! powers as much. and Its quality will lio so : greatly improved that one wiil hardly reco?'! nize it as hoin-.' the same kind after three k' j years' improvement. e| To breed up a wheat fif I may use the ex'?j pression) to a decree that will develop its full 11 power Is a work almo<t any observing farmer s j can carry out. It is not a laborious tusk, but * one of persistent effort, and therefore one of 8 j gnat profit. 8 In carrylnzout this system in thelmprove |mcnt. of* wheals, r adopt nearly the sumo s i rules and laws that govern stockmen in * I breeding iri-ainl-ln. The pedigree system y I does not in tiny way create new varieties; It I'jonly improves, and making two blades, as : well as two grains. grow where but a poor 11 Individual grew before. s The system of cross-breeding Is by far the s | better of the two, from the fact that wheats "lean tie made to suit any soil and climate, as s well as to contain any or nil the elements e I essential to success in the tiehl and In the 8! mill. .The operation of crossing one wheat \ i upon another Iscomparatively ea?.v. But the JI work to be done before and after crossing re V quires much tact ana cji us mio requisition -iiill one knows of vegptahle physiology iwul 11 the art of combining elements, ci Onamust he well acquainted with the ehnr\ |nctcr, habits, elements and strength of the P two varieties to be crossed hcrore breed in:: In " I order to know what properties to develop and 11 what habits to discard. He must know the '! strength of the female as to her power to ' reject the enemies that intest wheat, and ho *! must know the quality of the male as to the , r J cnii 11. Alter tne cross nas been effected the ' B j same knowledge is nececsary, but it must be j . | exercised with greater force and dlscrlmlna11 tion and with severer tests, that the oftsprlng I {j containing the better qualities may lie nour11 Ished and the worthless reject! d. In the *! operation of crossing there does not appear to 'jhe much science; anybody can cro?s two ' Wheat, and may succeed In producing a I nro! I It nfr>n<l vii riot v on cf? in n lhnnvniifl lri:ils* I s I ill some respects he may obtain tlie qualities ' desired, but It will be nn accident. I Tiic effects of crossing wheats are wonilerI fui; sometimes so wonderfully disappointing I that the experimenter j.s astonished nt the! j outcropping*. Korliistanee.fi smooth wheat 11 i is crossed npon a bearded, or rirr rrwi. The ! I experimenter is in a quandary when he be; holds the result to know whether he or nature i could have been at fault in bringing out such ' | a mingled mass of Ingredients. As the heads begin to Issue from tne sheaves he is dls- , ] tnayed at. the irregularity, the appearance of , I such a diversity of forms. There are heads ! of various lengths and shapes? some bearded ' j and some smooth, some half around and I some hall smooth, some like both parents ! and some like neither. The straw and leaves, J land chart", too, are completely transformed. pos-essing the characteristics of both parents, ! [besides some elements more likely to have ; 11 belonged to the dark ages. The grain as well ' ' I nnJ/iiwiAC nh'on<r(>U thnilirht. ThftV 1 seem to lutvc been jostled together In complete confusion, struggling to see which, the i higher or lower, characteristics shall get the ascendency. In the midst o:f this combination offerees reversion piny* a very active J pari. The tendency backward is greater than J i the tendency forward 'l The oil's prim: being now in his hand, the experimenter Is again compelled to brlnul scleece to Ills aid In selection. All grain possessed of bad and undesirable qualities is rejected, and the good Is silted and tested again and again. Tests art- applied for starch i and oilier elements to obtain lis statusasa milling wheat. The farmer, loo, must be sat-1 isticd. Heinu-t raise It under dltlerent cir- j cnnislfinces. In dltlerent soils, In differenti ell mates f?r 10,1 years before he can tell! j whether or not it is a profitable kind for him I I to raise. | This medley of circumstances taxes the j sharpest eye and c:ills to Hit- work chemical i skill that we may know with what propcrtles j wc are dealing. On account of the difficulties attending all I this work the crossing has been called by , [ some hybridization?a misnomer. 'I Improvement wnn wncm. in mis nnc ih i attended with inucli patience, care and skill. ' . Alter tho oilsprliif; have been brought out ; they are subjected to much severer tests All ' ' hnvinn no llxod color or lorm are rejccled. ] I and those having tlie desired characteristics | and <|unlltles are again tested, Ac. .Sometimes ' [iiiii experimenter can be siitl.sllcd in three , years fiy the wheat becoming "fixed," some 11 times It, taken four and cwn ten years to combine all the properties In their proper , 'I proportions. My note-book shows the fact i ; that some varieties will easily cross one upon s ' I another, but will not cross another upon one. [ ' For instance, foreign wheals cross readily ! upon ours, but. ours fall to ell'ect a cross upon 1 j them. . : I 1 am aware that many theoretical writers? ' ' and among them 1 Undone or two botanists ?are of the opinion that new varieties of , those cereals?called hermaphrodite?can be [ made by select ion. James S. Lippincott, of ( New York, In an extoixled article on the ~, geography of plants (Agricultural Keport? IKti'J, ifli.) takes that ground also. Lindlcy, I i Klippurt, Mnnnd and Ka.\ nbird etcrlaln tlie same opinion. I cannot conceive of a new \ variety being produced within itself any j, more than in-and-in breeding produces a new ! race. As I have stated before, selection improves but never produces. in making new wheats by crossing, I will state again a strong female should be selected as lo stalk and blade, and as to the ginlit, a (strong male. In other words, the female should have strong, still straw, well glazed, i and gootl milling properties, nnd the male j should be possessed of the same qua 11 ilea- sl lions, with a grain that has at least 12 to 1-i 0 per cent, gluten. Now, in all this work, w especially in that pertaining to the improve- " incut of wheat by l he pedigree system, I here is nnc serious drawback, not noticeable alone w I in the cereals, but In all Improved vegetables j?" I and seeds, Kvery advance forward In line of j-0 improvement opens the door to a ruinous hi I deterioration?that is, when highly Improved w grain is put into tlie hands of the common ?' farmer, who never aires from what source tils w| seed comes, how It is saved, or of what kind cl it is, retrogression Is ccrtnlu. Neglect and J'1 | bail management at Mint crib, as well as at 1,1 i tit j stock-pen, always stand prominent. The most highly Improved and finest, grain has a' VV: tendency to revert to the original?yes, arid 111 back still further It will decline If a single "v loophole Is left open. itoih Von l'M Krous and Knight believe In the degeneracy J" of plahls. Thi! former believed iIiim leaded " to revt rt to their original state, while Knight ''' believed ill absolute decay. Knlghl believed ? ' that plants wottltl cease by a natnial statute of limitation. Von Kroun believed they only -v" fell from grace. i?? In tin* system of cross breeding this Is not 1,1 the caiie, or at least deterioration is not soj"_" rapid and ruinous, crosses, or hybrids as Wl lliey arecalHI, when once fixed, retain their "M powers and good i|ttal|lles many years, even when badly handled. Hundreds of KugllNh wheat growers condemn Mallei's pedigree wi wheat because they said "That while he *{'' doubled the yield, the grain was proportionalely coarser, and the flour Inferior." 1,0 In our own country this may give rise to r,M the question whether It is belter lo strive to 1111 double our crops with tin1 prospect of making "" them coarser slarlug us In the lace,or content ourselves with lim Irilllng average now re- ''Vl ported. For one, I alii by no means satisfied with small yields and poor quality. When I c'" corss wheals or corn, I always Intend to tako all the bearings beforehand. In order that, the acre that produces 1(1 bushels will yield as A good quality as the acre that makes ,r>. * * * Inasmuch as a great work Is left In Iho " natural world for man to do, 1 Intend In all my experiments to make art outnmster ua- 8,K ture In this line. It Is the same In tho vegetable kingdom ns sev In the animal?the poorer and coarser the |,ce Individual, tlie more prolific when ucglcctcd hoi Mid permitted to revert or run wild. For initance when tlie Australian wheat was lutroJuccd into Colorado, it produced well nnd E nadc most excellent flour. Now, It produces i hit< nore, and the flour is third or fourth grade, MV'? he gluten huviug decreased f? but seven per Hal :ent On tho other hand, tlie hybrid stand- ing irds are, iu tlie luiuds of skillful farmer, j>io- It In ping from 30 to CO bushels per acre of the ient of grain for field and mill, k'ou will now ask what Is obtained by all la labor. 1 answer, much! Please examine ' d te?<t tho flour of to-day made from the rd wheats like the rite uenanee, Kiissian, exinan, Pringle's and Arnold's Hybrids, eKun Club, and others, and the flour of the il Mediterranean, Dlehl, Genneasee, and herd of 1850, mid I can assure you that liereskillful ana sclciitillc hands have hud , e management of the standards the llotir , 100 to oOO per cent. better, and the wheats as ( itch In all respects. < Line word more about wheat. Enough heat is wasted in thick-seeding to supply e whole wheat growing population the year unit. Repeated experiments In Kuiopeand our own countiy have proved beyond a >ubt that every pound of wheat sown can . made to produce a bushel?In other words, lat .'!'J pounds ihe country over is enough ed for any acre, If put in properly and sown the right time I am uwarethat there are any people opposed to thin 8>-edlug, nevericless the physiological make-up of the heat-plant, iis nature and habits plainly icw that it must, have room to develop its iwers (the greatest enemy to wheat is heat), hence, in all eases under favorable rcumstanccs thin seeding has never failed i produce greater returns than thick. So ras the cultivation of wheat is concerned, ly experience shows that on an average one illivailoti wilt produce enough more grain ? pay for I lie extra labor twice over. <jf corn, but a lew rerna ks by way of Itnrovement. Professor Jieal, in his abmirable cl.urcon Indian corn,ha> covered the whole round of Its history, utility and culture. In Idltlon, I would mention a few items of lterest. Wheat, as I have already stated. Is herlaphrodite or bisexual, both having stamens ml pistils In the same tlower and on the lant, while corn is monu'cious, having the .aniens In one flower (tassel) and the pistils i another (silk), both on the same plant, ixposed as these generative organs are, the lii.itt flowers easily and is fertilized by the ?ency of insects, wind, and force of gravity. - I r>o luil'A lr? Itn tWPl 1 > produce a cross, but in corn mechanical leans have to be used to prevent a crossing. The ease with which at! corn mixes has roiluccd varieties without number; in fact , may be said there arc none pure, none enuinc, none true to name, 'lhere is no mit to the changes that can be made upon r?rn. My selection, as in wheat, the stalks enn be lade shorter or tailor and more uniform, the lade more symmetrical and regular, the' hanks less objectionable and more limited, j lie husks wider and longer, the cob smaller ; nd stiller, the grain more regular and un 1-1 inn,and the habits of the corn much better, 11 adapting itself to soils and localities. IJy crossing one upon another kind the olor, texture, form, quality, and the whole j tidlvldual can be changed by the experliicnter. For Instance, should a mongrel be1 ranted, four kernels of different varieties an be planted near together, one kernel rlilte dent, one yellow dent, one kernel pop-1 orn, pnd one sng>ir. Should ail these four :inds tassel atid silk at the same time, each rould be fertilized by the pollen of lis three iclghbors. but not by its own. making therey the offspring a mixture In proposition to he amount and strength of pollen received torn the other three. On neltncr kind would here be found a single kernel exactly like ilther of the tour planted, from the fact that orn does not generally fertilize Itself No me variety can be made to suit all localities in account of Its habits. The farther north orn is raised the shorter the stalk and the nore flinty tlie grain ; whilethefuriher south lie taller the corn and the softer the grain. Should these two extremes he united the neans would Include New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, MIslouri, Iowa, and so on to the east line of the ?reat Ann rlcsm Desert. This beltconstltutes lie section In which corn can be raised to .he best advantage, at the least cost, and at ;he greatest profit. Corn can be improved In jiany ways. First, by making use of seed properly selected. All seed coi 11 should be selected In fhe field, leeause there, and there only, is it possible to ,u" ""A,l ?inH navcnutiiw) >r the des'red characteristics. Only In the Held can perfected cars and perfected stalks be found together. Seed corn should be taken from (II fie rent parts of the field, to make the relation as remote as possible. Seed corn shou'd l>e nicked from those stalks that bear the proa test number of cars, to make It more prolific. Seed corn should always be selected from th?j top ear of those stalks that boar the largest number, because on the top ear Is always found the genuine typical grain, thr other ears below not having developed sufficiently to produce i;ood seed on account of an Insufllclent. amount of pollen. Seed corn should always be saved from those stalks thai ripen earliest, to make thescoson of Us maturity as short as possible. Seed corn should be taken from well-formed ears, tapering uniformly, with straight rows bec ause they are more easily and better pro tected by the busk, and bear more grain lu regular than in irregular and crooked rows. In breeding corn in-and-in every eardesltrneii for the propagation of the species Intact should be protected by a covering of thin muslin before the silk appears, to keep insects and the pollen of foreign and barren stalk.' away. The difference In planting corn selected h: this manner, and that taken from the crib, 1? wonderful and wide. A hundred per cent, ir favor of the selected seed has been reported ir hundreds of cusps, prominent among whirl: are the experiments of E. S. ('arum, of the Jiiirrtl yew Yorkrr, Dr. Stulevant, of Mas* achusctts, and others. In every corn field Is found an enemy tot liltle noticed by almost all larmers, Itcomei In the shape of corn Itself; Is rnlnons am baneful In the extreme. This enemy is seer in all parts of the crop in the shape of thriftj sialics without ears?barren stalks they an called. The pollen, which Is very abundant, de< grades every ear It fertilizes. Helng sr abundant it is distributed far and wide, anil Its deterloratliiir effects arc plainly seen yeai after year more and more. The careful and vigilant husbandman Isawareof the dt;leterl ous ed'eets ot thc.se Intruders, and at an earlj slant* cuts I hem away. Oats, barley, rye and rice claim none of out attention at this time. Oats, barley and ry< grow so easil>. so naturally In most sections and are so prolific, that time spent on Improv Inn them may not. be so well spent as upon the more valuable and finer cereals, In Col oniilo 71) to SM bushels of cuts are frequently ralsc?l per acre, and what Is better, the.v weigh -10 In 50 pounds per bustiel. In the Rocky Mountains, Just above us, rye grows wild. Two rows barley produces from 41) tod bushels per aero, and Is so little in demand that attention given to its improvement, we think, is wasted. Upland riee received from Japan is now being ri-lsed successfully in many sections mid will pay, I think, in some loca ities. Much more might he said upon cro-s-bri'ed ingaud hybridizing. but they are not within the proviuce of this essay. FISH CULTURE. in Interesting Artiele From Rcr. J, A. Sligli. | Xcwbt rrji llcrald,] In January. 1SS1,1 received from Col. A. P Huller tweniy youiif? German Carp, which ] suppose would have measured at that time three inches In length 1 hnve managed u|i to tills (late, but not without trouble, to savt sight of this number from being killed and paten up by their enemies. Last summer these fish did not spawn, as they were then but one year old. I have recently drawn the water from the small pond In which thesc i-arp were placed and I was delighted when I Found some three or four hundred little fellows trom two to two and a half inches in length In a healthy and growing condition, l'his number seem to be quite small to some tif your readers, but to one who has been tryInn to raise fish for six or eight years anil has not succeeded very well; and especially to one who lias had fears and hopes as to the successful hatching and raising of carpjinour noun try, the number, though small. Is nevertheless gratifying. The eight old ones art perfect beauties, measuring In length some fifteen or eighteen inches. A carp, with proper care and food In this climate, I believe can be made to weigh ten pounds at three years aid. Now suppose I can keep two hundred ol ihese young carp until they are three years >ld; I will then have two thousand (2,i>00) pounds of fish?now add to this another thought: suppose for every eight of these there will bean Increase of two hundred for two out of the three years; then I will at the r?tnl of the third veur have ten thousand fit). )00) carp from one to two years old. Thin is ii eery low estimate: lor with a sufficiency ol water and proper care in the way of keeping lown I heir enemies and supplying them with loot!, this estimate I have no doubt could be Joubled, thrlpled. and even quardrupled. I received from Col. Hutler and lila excellent and attentive assistant, Mr. Kuska. last January sixteen 'lllueJirctim.' which ] placed in a pond to themselves. About the lirst ol \pril they were all alive and doing well. I nave not drawn ott the water since that time to know what the Increase has been, but I have taken a half bushel bow-basket at various times and by dipping It into the water on he sides of the pond I have seldom failed to :nteh from one to ten little bream at a haul, r inn satisfied tlnu these excellent fish can be nore easily and abundantly raised than the arp, as they are more active In keeping out >f the way of their enemies, and do not sleep n hard winter weathcrwith their hcndssfuck nto the mud for the turtles, terrapins, crawIsh, minks and musk rats tof-ed upon. The *rimin nr*? nnrt*h /?!' Athf?r klnrlu hv ;<>nie breiiin, but the real bream, is considered >y good Judges to be us tine a fresh water llsh is swims. Ill my large pond last coring I put In some hrce or lour hundred War-Mouth Torch of carious sizes, some weighing over a pound, ind I would not like to be compelled to count hi* Utile ones that have made their uppearince since tout time, Sulllce It Io say, that udglng from what I have seen their number trill reach Into the thousands. These are also i good fish and grow to bo us large as the ireum and, like them, will blleat a hook with it their might. They are called by some law-inoulh, but the correct name, I believe, s War-Mouth. Their mouths are very large nil with them they make war on other llsh. In my next, 1 will speak of the const ruction f llsh ponds, Ac. J. A. !SLIUII. Kisses on Interest, A father talking to his oaroles daughter ild: "I want to speak to you of your mothr. It may be that you have noticed a careorn look upon her face lately. Of course it us not been brought there by any net of imrs, still It Is your duly to chase it away. I ant you to get up to-morrow morning and t hrenkfu.st, uml when your mother begins i express her surprise, go right ui? and kiss L>r on the mouth. You can't Imagine how It ould brighten her dear litre. Ke.sides, you ,v? her a kiss or two. Away back when you ; ere a little girl she kissed you when no one' se was tempted by your fever-tainted breath | ul swollen face. You were not as attractive ion as you are now. And through those ars of childish sunshine and shadows she UMiilwaps ready to cure, by the limbic of a j, other's kiss, the little chubby hands whener they were injured In those tlrst sklrmlshwlth this rough old world. And then the; Id n Ik lit kiss with which she routed so man v (< .<I dreams, as she leaned over restless pit- < w, have all been on Interest these long, long j ars. of course she Is not so pretty anil ssahle as you are, lint If you had ilono | mi' share of the work during the last ten ars the contrast would not be so marked, j i-r face lias more wrinkles than yours, far! re, and yet If you were sick that faeol mill appeur more beautiful than au angel's! It hovered over you, watching every oppor- , nlty to minister to your comfort, and every eo'f those wrinkles wouldseem to lieiirlght ' ivelets of sunshine chasing each other over a dear face. Mho will leave you some of , i>se days. These burdens, If not lifted from ' r shoulders, will break herdown. Those, * lull, hard har.ils that have donesomuny ; nooossary things foi you will tie crossed uplier I Ileitis breast. Those neglected llps{ it gave von your tlrst. baby kiss will be for-1 er closed, and those sad, tired eyes will have; / oiled In eternity, and then you will appro-! I ,to your mother, but It Will bo too late.'' ' Youner I-atly Takes Her Own Life. llss ltachella Hlalr, daughter of MaJ. L. W. lilalr, the Green backer who was recently In In C'aindert, took strychnine a few days r >, from thoetlectsof wiileti slio died. Just; en teen. Since her lather's death she lias , r :n Inconsolable, and a broken heart, cuuscd i rash act. j, . ?, |g llberten society has been greatly benefitted rly by the visit of two of Abbeville coutl- \ i most bewitching young ladles?Miss Kllle cor, of I.owndesvlilo, and Miss .Sadie Llv-! ston, of Abbeville village. They are vls-j igT. M. tiwitt.?LUutun [G(i.J iUw South, i ' . - - - ' V " -?r y t. . > > ; - w- - -i r?* INSIDE FACTS. Const Hie Reasons "Whlcli Indnced tlio State Convention to Nominate Col. H. S. c ,Jt Thompsou for UoTernor. f Aiiderwn Jriielllyirncer.] | S EC' En roiUc to Columbia, and alter arrival iu!con?151 Columbia, It was evident that the majority of i tin.* convention preferred h third man lo eith* | k^eci er of Uie candidates for the Governorship. i J?1"8 ? The contest had been somewhat bitter, and j' C , ,l Issues had been raised which were not likely 1 , ,, j to Unsettled by the nomination of either of these gentlemen. Tbc Convention wanted;0'11,1 not only a good man, and a suitable man, but | *?Ep wanted a man who could enthuse -he people,. tl.,"yc and give us a vigorous and effective cam- l|,( palgn. Two years ago, under the leadership hK(" of Gov. llagood, the party In this Slate cnine J"01.10 near being put to sleep during the canvass ror Club* lack of vigor and campaign lire, and it was same everywhere felt that another such campaign would be injurious, If not fatal, to our politl- f?cVr' eai welfare. These feelings were so general *-'u , tiiat it was evident a new man would be nom- blunt iDated, If those who were not satisfied with sucec either of the two candidates before the peo- NEC pic could agree upon the same man. Several ?ndp gentlemen in diitcrcnt parts of theState were J!*1.0 canvassed, and otic by one their friends with- Club, diew their names from the race. During this ,.t?KC can vising, however, it was ascertained that this i 11... T . I... rk,i,.?v ii u WM mnv cal ct ti-riu it, would support Col. Thompson, vllle Hence. on the following morning. the Ander- respe son and Oconee delegations met ami agreed to 'r,,y ! present his name as the man best ijuulitied to n,'8'J give lo the party a candidate possessing the varied requisites for a thoroughly successful ecuti nominee. It was also known that Col. lortl Thompson had groat strength intheUreenville and Spartanburg delegations, and about the same lime the delegates from several J.'11-' r counties of the Fee Dee country met and form an rood to support him. Col. Thompson did not even know of these meetings, nor of any q . d I finite purpose to present Ills name to the Convention. The gentlemen composing i>r(.si these delegations then went vigorously to , work circulating their determination, and j w h'-n the Contention met a few hourslaier, | . the friends of the gentlemen who were can-1 . dIdates f<ir tlie ofllce realized that a wove- , . ment had been staried which was very dan- X*. gerous to the prospect of their candidates, ' and therefore they oronght on the nonuna- ,..rv lion before the Convention had even adopted * Its piatl'orm of principles. Tills was to prevent the advocates of Col. Thompson's noinl- .' nation trom having further lime todevelop their plans. When the first ballot was taken, s' the very gentlemen who had forced the tail- .' lot, flndlni; that Col. Thompson led each of . , llielr candidates, were panic stricken that j* thev tried to secure an adjournment. vote The majority of the Convention, however, : d.-sired ol. Thompson's nomination, and 'j therefore the motion to adjourn was defeated, j .i.,!.,, and at the end of I he second ballot It was so! evident I hat lie would be nominated 011 third ! .' , : ballot, th-it. the friends of flic two candidates j, _ | before the convention withdrew their m?-n, 1 , land made Tnoinpsou's nomination unani, ttwutulv hu rincln tuot inn TllOrp U'llM llllt. flL I I thought, nor u purpose, nor an a-t, on ttie ]pa?t of Col. Thompson or Ins friends thai Th [would not do them credit were they pub.l-hed iiion to the world, the nomination was spontaneous, o'elc ami represented the untrammelled wishes of "res i the people ol Smith Carolina, [t was secured whe by nothlntr savoring in the least of maulpu- t-Ue? 1 liuion combination, under inllucnce of any kind. . A, coui Short Sermons. the [A module Reformed Prcsbt/hrrian.\ tu-c There is a growing tendency toglvetherevolutlou in Epgpla relluious cast, i'he Mussel- sh men lawyers, whom the sultun has been earn* one estly consultini;, take the position that in so |)nv farns Arahl has been a delend er of a Muham- |( us mcdan country against 'he aggresslvedesigns of Christaina, tie has merely ful- wilt tilled Ills iluty.and tnat the Sultan must not jug associate mmscii wmi iiiiiscwiidwumi'mtu : sna Ariibt. This religious feature is no doubt airy i wise policy on the part of the ambitious re- si be). If lie is successful in it, Kn^land may ! sucl ft ml Ihc war a protracted one. prosecuted with Uat< vigor and desperate energy on the part ol the piet Egyptians. prii The Christiuu's Duty. lh? It is one great part of the Christian's du'.v vvhi i to "weep with those that weep." lie can go the nowhere, move in no circle hut lie finds the those who have passed under the rod. ihey suc ; ne -d of sympatic ana counsel. They have a si ; rklit to expec it from their fellow Christians. ele< | Tlie value of this sympathy, however, will | clei depend very much on the way In which it is 1 mi( ' manifested. '1 he deepest sorrow is that which j clu hides itself from human eyes. It Is some- js | thing too sncred for a free and bold approach. I pol * It would be a blessed relief If it could utter jam " its own bitterness and speak out its long sup- j ten . pressed atmuish ; but It must be wisely won I ? !u 1 to this. The very attempt, >onietlnicst to o - tioi fcr consolation Is so awkward unit blunder-! "en ing, noi losay ruae, niai liiesuojeci, ?i iiimc- -ui 1 tlon at once shrinks hack lnto.lts own sollm-' "?c : ry and lonely communing Thus the henellt i ?be 1 and blessing of true umi genuine sympathy) s Is entirely lost. ! shn Exlernniism. I Christianity has taken on so much of oxter- s nallsm in these late times that ve often fall; pol to see its rc?l characteristics. This external-; ..mi ism has reference not only to forms and: a2e mode* of worship, hut to ttu>s>* social fea- |or tures of our modern Christian life whlrh cut nej us oft"from one another, which separate us in- s to nnsses and snides of society ami whirh ap- on pear t<? sunder that strong bond of union um which holds together menihrs of the same aiu family. I'rouress In civilization, with its tloi etiquette and Its forms of exeluslveness, sels s i:self against the fundamental Idea of a noi "household of faith." It is no easy matter ;)t> for silks and satin to secure the cardinal the contlidence of lowly poverty. Even if they e(| he ever so willing to do service among the vol ' i Hlth nurl rotf^nf i\n v f a nr in hmnli'i' luinu>K ni r of the poor there is yet a groat nul?, which tini 1 "society" has created and Which Is well nigh go < ' Impassable. The exhortation of James Is most ' timely: "My bretheren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, with respect of per- . ' so"s-" C| | Minister and Politics. u?-l< It is said sometimes, and with great plnusl- Jfa . ihility, that ministers should take part in J'1C politics. Possessed of inttuencce, it Is claimed p>"' i that it ought to be actively exercised In pro- 1101 motlng the success of some party candidate. The purification of pontics, and the exalta' tlon of good men to office demand, 1', is said,! A the earnest help of ministers. All thislscii i sounds well enough, but. we have never seen) till! 1 it put Into practice without degrading thejsau I holy office of the ministry. Pieacheis are men of like passions with others, and whenever they enter the political arena, they ' become as blind and bitter pariisans as the corrupt leader* themselves. The most Intense feeling Is aroused, hard and tiitterl -p things are said against neighbors and fellow-' fitn ' Christians, and the result In most cases is evil t\n, and only evil. - ! There are several prenchers In these lJnl-'|'0 j ted .States who have been conspicioits lor j ST>n their active participation in polities. They I havewrlten and lectured and pleached on' thesubject. N?iw, who would select them as Qfn model ministers? Have they not lowered the ' dignity of their high office in the public e*ti- Cyp inalion? Who does not fee* that It has con-; | tr icted a sUiin which no ch.quence or popu-i 0mmt I Inrlty can wipe out ? There may be emergen-: , | cies which call for and Justify the active ef-| i forts of ministers in a parly triumph. Theyi i i are very rare, howe* er, and reiiuire no litt e: i prudence and care on the part of those who,! II i In all things, to magnify ttielr office. We can H, scarcely concleve of miy thing, not positively i iJ immoral, more unbecoming and disreputable! in a minister of the Gospel than btisv efforts! ! to promote the success or some candidate In a j i petty compalgn, where the zeal and activity | ! are generally Juki In proportion to the ummI poruuice of the Issue Involved. Our Trial. We of tills country, and especlallly of this r?A Southern section, are Just now passing through aii ordeal. We are being tried as wo I huvc not been since the war. It is not the trial of adversity, but of prosperity. An unprecedented grain crop has been gi.theied anil1 savid. Already very considerable shipments of this year's harvest have been mude A single small Railroad station. In this county, has, up to this time, sent off o Northern \ markets 05,0(0 bushels of oats. The corn crop ; Is unusually good, and the prospect for cottoo ; Is better than for anumberof years. Now, It 1 is a grave and pressing question. How Khali j wo use and Improve this great goodness? | g, Willi many It will only stimulate greed! ffi and selfishness. They will lay their plans for I Increased gains, wlthouttlie slightest recogni-l u tion of their obligation to the Giver of good. ? They will speculate more eagerly and recklens-1 I ly than ever. Tlieir feverish dreams of I S wraith will dazzle and bewlldet more and I B | more. >. (fi i Others will Indolently consume Ihe abun- s , dant fruit of the Held upon their lusts. They M ! will utumil it r<wtli?.)11 v In mvnjrant. llvlnr. , in useless finery and, worse still, In dissipation. They will take their ease, eat, drink, |j\ and be merry. Vuluelng these and all gilts'*' of Providence as tliey contribute to present well-being and comfort, they will endeavor to extract every fleshly gratification out of them. Others will gratefully acknowledge the I goodness of the Lord In this remarkable' I abundance, and they will, feel It to be their] privilege to make Him some i-uituhle return.! They will avail themselves of opportunities!gpr to express their Kratitudu In doltix uood, in I using their enlarged means lor the glory ofi God and the advancement of His cause.1 They-hall be made fat. They shall be blessed I yet more and more. i Verv mnn v. linwaver. will exrtress their IT,. crratltude to God and hold tightly thenrotlts. j 1'liey will present their miserly gifts nud claim grcnt credit for llberalty. I inter a prepense of complete surrender, they will keep back part of the price. It is a rare experience I that prosperity leads men to a closer walk | BAI with (jod. iMucli as we desire it, importuInatelyas ve be? for It. wc know not what "I | we ask. The wholo history of the chureii r that large worldly good is fraught with peril J to the Individual Christian. He becomes selfreliant and forgetful of God. This iscertain-i ly not a necessary result, but it is a lamentably common one. It is possible to use thej I world as not abusing It, to employ the boun-i I ties of Providence so that they snail become j spiritual blessings,;; We have theopporiunily; j of making tiiat. experiment now. If we im-'(jj>; j prove It, then we are doubly blessed, and the} abundant harvest will Indeed but faintly and j bj most imperfectly represent the great riches in | store for us. / CANDIDATES. For Congress. Wo nro authorized to announce Hon. I). WYATT AIKEN, us a candidate lor ?p. ro-elfietion to Congress. Tor County Commissioner. 85 Wo are authorized to nnnotince Mr. JOHN H. HULLOCK, of Greenwood, as On a candidate for County Commissioner. HI Wo are authorized to announce Mr. W.. JO T. COWAN, as u candidate for re-election to tho olllco of County Commissioner. B Wo are authorized to announce Mr. J. V D. 11EMMINGER, of Willington, as a M candidate for County Commissioner. j 1 Mr. GEORGE F. BURNETT is an-' * uounced as a candidate for County Com- _ niissioner at tho approaching election. of ttu* .. ., . , ? benefit I'or School Commissioner. hand. Wo nre authorized to announce Mr. Sozmi FAMES I,. LESIjY, as a candidate for School Commissioner. Wo are authorized to announce CAPT. j B. COWAN as a candidate for School Jommissioner at the next election. J NO. A. WKIK. JNO, U. WEI 11 Central Hotel,;!! Main Street, Greenville, S. C. !ani rHIS Hotel Is centrally located, on line of street railway,neatly and comfortably Mar umlshed, with convenient sample rooms. t The table furnished with the best the mar :et affords. and overy attention given to uost*. Notice jrl veu to guests of arrival and eparture of trains. JNO. A. "WEIR & SON, nunProprietors. 14 August 30,1S82, Gm j July CJSs'-f " . jjSj**'1*1 Jtntion of the AbbeTillc Comity I Democratic Club. ARTICLE I. i Club shall be known as the AUbevine : y Democratic Club. i ARTICLE II. I; rcoN 1, The officers of this Club shall ! ] it of one President, three Vlce-Preal- 1 one Treasur~r, one Secretary, nnd an ; Itive Committee. consisting o? theolll-j i this club hereinbelore named and the k'ius of the local or township Clubs, of j i Committee the President ol this Club be ex-ojftcto Chairman, and the Secretary ! s Club i?-oj]U:io Secretary, rioN 2. The term of service of the ! officers shall lust for two years and un-i ;lr successors shall have been chosen. I tion 3. The Trcasuier shall receive all y* collected by the local or township | .or otheiwise,and shall disburse the by order of the Executive Committee. | ( tion J. The Secretary shall keep a full I d of all the proceedings of the County ' and its Executive Committee In a bound c book, which shall be turned over to bis ssor in oiliee. tion 5. The Secretary shall also procure ireserve with the records of this Club a f the members of each local or township tion 6. The Executive Committee of ;lub shall direct and conduct the politiimpaiKtis of the Democratic party of Abcouiity, assess the local Clubs with their cilve portions of money necessary todi* Lhe expenses of the campaigns, and fursuch assessments to the Treasurer of this for collection, and one-third ol said Exve Committee shall constitute a quorum ic transaction of business. tion 7. The Vice-Presidents shall. In the Ilin IWIilunl Iriitil 111 * IIK-I't III L'S of executive Committee or of tTiIk Club, pernio duties appertaining to ilia oilice. ARTICLE III. tion 1. Tiie membership of this Club consist of tiie officers ol tliis* Club, tiie dents of the ioeal or townships clubs, seven delegates from each of the local or isliip clubs, whose election and term of ce in tills Club shall be made and deter;d by tiie respective Clubs to which they iff. .'i t<>N '2. That the Chairman of each lolub delegation snail present to thefjl-ereol tiie County Club at each meeting tln-re- i hen the roll of local clubs is called a list e members of his delegation mid the vottreugth ol his club, certiried by the Secy or President 01 said club rrio.n Each ineinberof this Club shall Hilled to one vote upon any question to Iclcrmined by this Club, unless one or ; members shall demand a constitutional , and In tliai ease ihe delegates fioin each or township club shall vote the numeristrength o. their respective clubs, each talc having the right to cast hi x prorata. e of the numerical strength of his local according to the number of delegates nt lioin ills ciUb, and in sueli case the r members of this club shall not have the t to vote. ARTICLE IV. Is cliib shall meet on Saleday in every th at Abbeville Court House, at eleven x:k A. M ,and it shall be the duly of tiie Idenl of this club to call extra meetings never in his Judgment the exigencies of campaign may require them. ARTICLE V. 1 candidates of the Democratic party for lty otiices, for tile suite Senate, and fur House of Representatives in the State slature shall be nominated by primary tion, which shall beheld ut such time as 1 be ordered by this club. ;crrioN 2. At such primary c'ectlons no shall be allowed to vote except such ms e been Democrats in good standing for at t two months preceding said primary eler, and who are twenty-one yeursof age or l>e twen'y-onc years of a?e nt the ensiiceneral election, and no vote by proxy II ho .allowed in the County Club or primadeetions. :cti?n 3. No person shall be voted for at 1 primary election as a Democratic candl2 lor nomination unless lie lias publicly Iged himself to ahide the result of such nary election and support the nominees ot Democratic party. ection 4. At such primary election those :> receive a mafoiily of all the votes east tot respective ottlces i-liall be declared lob nominees of the Democratic party foi li offices, EcrioN 5. The managers of the primary :tton at each local cluh precinct and their k shall I'O appointed in such manner a* y be determined by the respective local l)s. kction G. Immediately before opening the Is at said primary ciecilon the managers I their clerks slinll sign the following writ' pledge and shall foi ward the same to this b with their returns of sa.d primary elee ii,to wit: "I do solemn-)* pledge my sa ed honor that. I will lalihiuliy pevlorm all e dulies ineident lo my position as ma nor or clerk <>f the ptiinary election tolht ist of my ability.'' kction 7. Manager* of primary elections Ii keep a correct poll list of all the voters aid election, and return the same, attested them, with the election returns. kction .s. At the primary elections the Is shall open at nine o'clock A. M? and ;ll eio.-e :it six o'c'ofk P. M.. when the tiiiiiirs ."hull count tlie votes, and tiiey shall ward ilie returns to the''ounty Club at 1U ;t. meetinga'ler ?aid ?lecUi?u. K'TION U. The County C.'l?il> .-hall themipcanvass the return* of the primary ciee n, hear and decide all protests and c<>nlf sts I declare the result of said primary eleo 11. kctiok 10. In ease there (shall not he a nidation for any of the offices to he titled nich election, twice as many candidates at re are vacancies to tie tilled shall he select' from those having the liluhest number o] es, but lucking u majority, to be voted foi mother primary election to be held at such le as the County Club shall designate, ami )ii till such vacancies are tilled. ARTICLE VI. majority of all the local elnbs represent' In this club at any meeting by a delegate 01 wriifes shut! . on-titute a uiiornm for the nsnetion of business, and a'majority of nil voles cast. whether vim voce, by ballot, 01 a constitutional vote, shad decide all quests before the club. ARTICLE VII. ny article of this constitulion may tie re ded or ann-ml*Ml by h two-tbirds vote ol 5 eiuh. one month's notice in writing of the le iiuviiiK been given to this elub. Business in llto Press Rootn. he nil of flie Olvfrrrr stenm press bad nc e to foot las' Tuesday evenin *,the revolni? of the biir cy'lndcr kepplne up an insant Imni from sixfi o clock that afternoon o'clock lite next morninc; and in thi" ce of time two hundred and fifty-three re? of pnper were prliitnd ofT as fol'ows: iroi- Fxprrg' nn'l Inquirer. 70 quires TJ'rrklij ervr ft! onires, Daily 0>?e>TerflI quires. It t a fax upon the pr<'s?. which proved how. r equal to the occasion.?Charlotte Observer. ART & COMPANY Hardware Merchants. HEADQUARTERS FOU LNIEL PRATT COTTON GINS eeders & Condensers. E BROWN COTTON GINS, FEEDERS AND CONDENSERS. rOFIELD COTTON PRESS, ENGINES AND GIN GEARING. T. GRANT'S PATENT FAN MILLS. AGENTS t OIt jdw ix feed cutters, JII It ALL CORN SHELLERS, THOMAS BRADFORD & COS, corn, wheat and feed mills. FOR SALE. bristles, babbitt metal, :lting, mill stones, mill ticks, ind full lines of hardware. STATE AGENTS FOR ip's Manure & Cotton Seed Spreader lATEBT Agricultural UPIBRJA r' i'jLIJUtMLL 1 fit F Ifg P S ^^ulv^ztr^cartcom^ JOper cent of the labor, and doubles the value Manure, one load spread In one-tenth the time , :tln<r the crop as mtieh as two t'itrhed out by , Indispensable a* the Mower and Reupor. i cotton sections it will save the labor of half a men. 8proads Muck. Marl, A?hw>. Lime. Cottonitc.. broadcast or In drills. For illustrated cataand full particulars addrcsa D FOR PRICES. HART & CO., Charleston, S. C. c 11, IS.S2, tf 1 i j Stereoscopes 5 Siorcoscopic Views. A fine nsaortnent both Foreign nntl American, at J. D. CHALMERS. ch 29, 1882, tf Iron Tonics. ; d IVX S IRON BITTKRS, Hartcr's Iron jnic. Bitter Iron. I EDWIN PARKER. 26,1882, 2t . i BARBER SHOP. o RICHARD GANTP. Ih now prepared to do all work In Ills department In the l>e?t nnnnernndat reasonable charges. Monthly ;UHt?nier3 shaving. hulr cutlliiif nnd sliampcoinz tl per month. Ila?ors tinned and put n the best condition for 23cents each. Shop under I he Preu and Banner otticc. March 15,1SW. ti' H.G, SCODDAY, Attorney and Counselor at Law, ANDERSON, S. G. OFFERS his professional services to the citizens of Abbeville. Partiesd? airing to consult with liim, may do so at each session of the Court tor the County,orhy letter at Anderson (' II. June 15.18S1, tf SPEAKE&BRa -AGENTS FOK THE FAMOUSEclipse Traction and Portatable Engines! The waynesboro i:clipse kepara TOR. SAW MILLS. COTi ON GINS. AI so, THE AMERICAN FRUIT DRYER. Purtics wishing the above, address SPEAKE & BRO., Kinard's T. 0., S. C. Mr. JOHN KNOX Isonr only agent to sell the Eclipse Engines and Separators and Americau Frail Driers In Abbeville County. SPEAKE & BRO. March 29.1882,12m Chromos. A LA ROE lot of new Chromos 22 * 28 and 24 x .'JO,) on exhibition and lor sale, at 31.15 each at W. P. WARDLAW. April 20, 1881. UNPARHLLELTD I SUCCESS OP THE MlsSewiiictiii i I .IXMR WHITE SEWING MACHINE, the ' 1 best in the World. It ha* nn oscillating Self-threading Shuttle, a Self-settln* needle. ] It is suljustal.lt'In (ill lta Hearing wans and 1 made Ivoni t>?#? best of material. Its boblns can lK'tilled without removing: work or at- ' Uiehmentx. It is so simple in construction and light-running that a child can uhc It. It I ...III ,f? 1-nmw.nf mnrb T? hiisthf! ! most complete set of useful attachments, it lis far in advance of any other sewing nutI chine. It has been thoroughly tested lor four i yenrs in Abbeville county, it is warrantet . for five years. Remember no machine is genuine or warranted only those sold by our-milhorlzed dealers. Ami those pretending to sell our Machines. Needles or Attachments outside of our Agents are frauds. Mr. J. L. Simpson is , i our only authorized dealer for the O unttesof Abbeville and Laurens, and no Machines ie warranted except th??*e sold by him or tbi^e whom lie may associate with liiru In the busluess. Respectfully, :|?HITE SEWING MACHINE CO, CLEVELAND, OHIO. THE ladies, and those persons who wish to buy Sewing Much an e>, arc respectfully Invited to call at Mr. Ham well's, where they will tind the only genuine, warranted and cheap, est Machines, samples of the the Machine's work, needles and attachments. N011 10 cents per bottle. All persons desiring to communicate with me on the subject, will address me at Abbeville, a. C. J. L. SIMPSON. July 13, 18m. ly. CUNNrNGHAM AND TEMPLETON, -HAVE RECEIVED THEIRSpring Stock, ?and are prepared to serve the public? 11 \ i\tt nr\r\i\r\ UK I UUUIJ5, | CROCKERY, GROCERIES, HATS, CAPS, BOOTS AND SHOES. April 5. 1S82. tf J L. CLARK. FOR THE GOOD OF TEE CRAFT I I HAVE CONCLUDED TO GIVE MY I 1 whole attention to my Shop. I shall give I It GOOD ATTENTION. If any person wish- 9 ess to have his 0 WATCHES REPAIRED I Bring them in. I have nil the tools and ma H I terlals to do it up In the best of style and at H) | the lowest rates possible. If you' want you! I clock repaired bring it In and it will be done B rijjbt. If you want your JEWELRY MENDED 9 Bring iton. If you want your 9 SEWING MACHINE MENDED H This is the place to get it done In thebest oi fl| order. You can have any piece made new, or the old one repaired. If you wantyourgun or Bfi pistol repaired this Is the place to have it done. All these articles will be repaired in H the best of order at the Lowest Prices. H Give me a trial and satisfy yourselves? TERMS CASH. H JOHN L CLARK. I New I fiim ii I W.P.Wardlaw I ABBEVILLE. S.C. I HAS opened a new stock of FURNITURE |fl over the store of A. M. Hill <? Son, and Bl will be pleased to receive a call from bis Trlends. His stock consists of every'variety ot FURNITURE usually kept in aflrst-clafs store. All of which is offered at priccs to Buit U ihe times. HH Feb. 23, 1881, tf B| Notice. H i NY person having demands against the B9 (\ estate of GEN. JAMES GILL AM, will HI iresent iliem to the Executor, and those Inlebted to tne estate will please pay up. 9H R. C. GILLAM, Executor.. Kg Greenwood, May 10,1882,3t fiS