The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, September 28, 1881, Image 1
ABBEVILLE PRESS AND :BANMC1
BY HUGH WILSON AND H. T. WARDLAW. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1881. NO. 17. VOLUME XXVI. M
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Yhe Iioys and (iirls.
Gocl wants the hoy.-, the merry, merry boys,
The noisy boys, the funny bovs,
The thoughtless boys ?
God wants the boys, with all their joys,
That he as gokl may mako them pure,
' And teach them trials to endnre;
Ilis heroes bravo
He'll liave them be
Fighting for truth
And purity.
gou wants thk boys.
God wants the happy-hearted girls,
The loving Rirls, the be?t of girls,
The worst of ^irisGod
wants to make the girls his pearls,
And so reflect his holy face,
And bring to mind his wondrous grace, *
That beautiful
The world may '>o,
And filled with lovo
And purity.
God wants tiie oiuls.
-Sunday-school Ti;>u$.
HELEN HYDE'S GOOD DEED.
"Yes," said the doctor, solemnly,
" she shows every indication of going
into a decline. Host, relaxation, change
o! air and sceno?that's what she ought
to have!"
Mrs. Dardanel looked perturbed.
"Dear, dear," she said, "what a i>ity.
And she's quite a pet of mine, too, dear
little thing. She is very quick with her
needle, and really ingenious?and the
way she puts trimmings on a dress positively
reminds one of Madam Antoino
herself."
"The Seaside cottage would be the
place for her," suggested Dr. Midland.
"You are one of the lady patronesses,
I believe, and?"
" Yes, but the Seaside cottage is full,"
said Mrs. Dardanel. " Not an inch of
room unoccupied. I had a note from
the matron yesterday!"
" Ah, indeed?" said the doctor, fumbling
with his watch-seals. " Unfortunate?very."
"But," cried Mrs. Dardanel, an idea
suddenly occurring to her much bepuffed
and befrizzed head, " there is
Mrs. Daggett's farm, a few miles further
down the shore. She takes boarders
for five dollars a week, and I believe it
is a very nice place. If you think it advisable
I will take a month's board for
the girl there. I really feel as if the
dear little thing belonged to me."
. "An excellent plan, madam, an excellent
plan," said the doctor, oracularly.
" I have nQ doubt but that a month of
sea air would make quite a different
person of her."
Helen Hyde could scarcely believe
her own ears when Mrs. Dardanel beamingly
announced her intentions.
"The seashore !" she cried, her pale
face flushing all over, " the real sea!
Oh, Mrs. Dardanel, I have dreamed of
it all my life. And for a whole bright,
long summer month ! Oh, how shall I
avar fVionlr vrm I"'
"By getting well and strong as fas
as you can," said Mrs. Dardanel, ieally
touched l>y the girl's innocent t nthusiasm.
" And here is a ten-dollar t:U for
you," she added, with a smile. " iTou
may need some little trifle of dress, or
there may be a drive or a picnic or an
excursion going on, in which you will
want to participate. No, you shall not
give it back?it is a present from me,
and I choose that you shall koep it."
Helen Hyde's heart beat high with
delight when first she saw the Daggett
farmhouse, a long, low, red building,
with an immense stack of chimneys, a
cluster of umbrageous maple trees gar
landing it about with shade, and a door
yard fall of sweet, old-fashioned flowers,
while in full sight of the windows the
Atlantic flung its curling crests of foam
along the shingly shore. Mrs. Daggett
welcomed her warmly; she had been
Mrs. Dardanel's housekeeper once, and
knew the value of that lady's patronage.
" Fve just ono room left, my dear,"
said she. "Under the eaves of- the
house. It's rather small, but it's furninVior?
onmfrtrfnlilv. jinri therfl's a fmr>
view of the ocean. I could have given
you better accommodations if I had received
Mrs. Dardanel's letter a day
earlier. But four young ladies, teachers
in the Ixwood institute, came yesterday,
and I'm sleeping on a sofa myself in the
parlor. But we'll make you as snug as
possible, and the very fir3t good-sized
room that is vacated you shall have."
And Helen was very happy in her little
nook, from whoso casement she
could see the sparkling plain of tho sea,
all dotted with white sails.
Mrs. Daggett was a driving, energetic
business woman. Farmer Daggett
leas a vacant, honest-faced man, who
"nvariably fell asleep of an evening,
tfith his chair tipped back against the
yall?and every available inch of the
house was filled with summer boarders,
mostly ladies. There were only three
masculine appendages to tho houso besides
its master ? a superannuated
clergyman, whose parishioners clubbed
together every summer to treat him to
six weeks' vacation?a literary man of
large aspiratio s and small income,
who had come th'ther for rest and opportunity
to siudj* up tho "skeleton"
for his next novel, and old Mr. Mifflin!
It was some time before Helen Hyde
fairly comprehended who old Mr. Mifflin
was. A bowed, bent over little man,
with silver hair curling over the collar
of his coat, a ruffled shirt like the pictures
of our Revolutionary forefathers.,
and dim blno eyes which glistened from
behind silver spectacles, ha shuffled in
and out to his meals after an apologetic
fashion, and sat all tlio long bright afternoons
under the maples, staring at
the sea.
"Who is that old gentleman?" she
at last ventured to ask Airs. Daggett.
That lady frowned, impatiently.
" It's old Daddy Mifllin," said she.
" And I wish it was anybody else!"
" Is he a boarder V" asked Helen.
"Well, he is and ho isn't!" rather
obscurely answered Mrs. Daggett, who
was picking over currants for a pudding
while Helen sat by and watched
her. "But he won't bo here long. You
see, my dear, he hasn't any friends.
When me and Daggett came down from
Vermont and bought this place we got
it cheap because of old Mr. Mifllin.
We was to give him the northeast chamber,
and they were to allow us so much
a month for his keep It ain't everybody,
you see, as would be willing to
have an old man like that around the
place. But he's harmless and innocent
enough, and I won't deny that the two
dollars a week helped along. But now
prices have gone up, and Breezy Point
has got to be a fashionable locality in
summer time, and things are altered.
And. what's worse, his folks have left of!
sending the money."
" I wonder why ?" said Helen, with
her large dreamy eyes fixed pityingly
upon the old man, who sat in his usual
place under the maples, wistfully watching
the sea.
" They're dead, p'r'aps," said [Mrs.
Daggett. " Or, p'r'aps they've got tired
of him. Anyhow, it's three months since
we've heard a word, and me and Daggett
have made up our minds we can't
stand it any longer. So we're going to
put him on the town. Lawyer Boxall
says it's legal and right, and they can't
expect nothing else of us. Squire
Sodus is to send his covered carryall
next Saturday, and old Daddy Mifllin'11
suppose he's going for a ride. And so
things '11 go off all smooth and pleasant."
"Smootfy and pleasant!" Helen
Hyde looked across the grassy lawn to
the little old man with his mild, abstracted
face, his ruffled shirt front, the
silver hair that glistened in the sunshine,
and the white, cluw-liko fingers
that slowly turned themselves backward
and forward as he sat there.
" He owned the place once," saio
Mrs. Daggett, "but his sons turned oul
bad, and he indorsed fcr Squiro Sodus
cousin, and lost everything And hen
ho is, in his old age, without a penny
What is it, Becky ? The oven ready fo:
the pies? Yes, I'm coming."
And sh? bustled away, leaving Helei
\ alone. A sort of inspiration had en
tered into the girl's heart as -she 8a
v .. ' V
'.?% ~ :V'C - "
^ 4
thero with the briny smell of the ocean
tilling her senses, tho rustle of the
maple leaves murmuring softly overhead.
She took Mrs. Dardanel's tendollar
hill from her pocket and looked
long and earnestly at it. She thought
of the little one-horse carryall, which
she and the girls from the Ixwood in|
stitute were to have hired together to
drive over the hills and glens, all those
sweet, misty summer afternoons; of the
excursion to Twin Rock by steamer,
upon which sho had counted; of the
new black bunting dress, which she had !
decided to buy. She must abandon all j
tlioso little darling extravagances, if she J
indulged this other fancy !
"As if there coald be any choice,"!
she said to herself. And then she got :
up anil went sotuy across tne grass and
! clover blossoms to where " Daddy MifI
fiin" sat.
I "Do yon like this place ?" she asked,
softly.
"it'shome my dear," ho answered,
seeming to rouse himself out of a reverie;
"it's home! I've lived Vve for
eighty odd years. I couldn't live anywhere
else."
"But there are other places plcasanter!"
" It may be, my dear, it may be," he
! said, looking at her with troubled eyes
' through the convex lenses of his glasses.
" Bnt they wouldn't seem the same to
! me!"
j Helen went back to Mrs. Daggett,
I who was bakiug pies and rolls and
stiawberry shortcakes all at odco!
Mrs. "Daprsett," said slio, " here are
S1U which Mrs. Dardanel gave to me
to do as I pleased with. And I please
to give it to you to keep old Mr. MilHin
! hero five weeks loEger."
| " Mercy sakes alive !" said Mrs. Dagi
gett, " he ain't 110 kin to you, is he V"
I " No," said Helen, " but he is so old
J and feeble and friendless, and?and?
please Mrs. Daggett tuke the money.
And perhaps by the time that is gone I
shall bo able to send a little more. My
! employers are going to pay mo generI
ousJy in the city, and I feel myself grow!
ing better able to work every day."
So Helen Hyde adopted the cause of
one even poorer ami more rrieuiuess
than herself, and for a year she paid the
two dollars a week steadily, and Mr.
) MilHin never knew what a danger had
j menaced him !
j At the ead of that time the old gentlej
man's grandson came from some wide,
j wild region across the sea, a tall, darkeyed
young man, with the mien of a
j prince in disguise.
! 1' My father has been dead for a year,"
he said. "And his papers have only
just been thoroughly investigated, so
that I havo recently learned, for the
first time, that there is an arrearage due
on my grandfather's allowance, lliope
he has not been allowed to suffer?"
"Oh, he's all right," said Mrs. Daggett.
" We've took excellent good care
of him."
"You are a noble-hearted woman,"
said tho young man, fervently clasping
her hand, " and I will see that you are
no loser by your generosity."
"It ain't me," said Mrs. Daggett,
turning red and white, for Helen Hyde,
now spending her second summer at
tho farmhouse, eat by quietly sewing
in the window recess. " I'm free to
allow that me and Daggett got cut of
patience and was goiu' to put him on
the town, but Miss Hyde here, one of
our boarders, she's paid for him ever
since."
"I beg your pardon if I have interfered,"
said Helen, blushing scarlet as
tho large dark eyes fell scrutinizingly
on her face, "but he seemed so old and
so helpless, that- "
" God bless you for your noble deed 1"
said Ambrose Mifflin, earnestly.
But there was something in Helen's
manner which prevented him from offering
any pecuniary recompense to her,
" My grandfather will need your cares
no further," said he. " We have been
fortunate in our Australian investments,
and I am prepared to buy the old farm
back again and settle here permanently."
And when Mrs. Dardanel began to
think about getting her winter ball
dressec made up, she received a note
from Miss Hyde, which ran as follows:
I JUEAIi 1URS. 1/AItDAXEL : i am S01TV
to disappoint you, bat I cannot undertake
any more orders. For I am to be
married nest month to Mr. Ambrose
Mifflin, and we are to live at the Daggett
farm. And, oh! how proud I
I should be if you would come here and
visit me next summer, when the roses
are in bloom and the strawberries ripen.
Ambrose is all that is nice, and I shall
j Lave the dearest old grandfather-in-law
! in the world. Affectionately,
"Helen Hyde."
And all this lifo romance had grown
out of Helen's month at the sesside.
In tlie Xeiv York Cat Market,
A number of Maltese cats and kittens
occupy cages at the entrance to acuriu-a
basement in Liberty street. XVhen they
are not asleep ,they mew dismally and
plainly long for the liberty of a housetop
or a back fence.
"Can it be possible that any part of
this community buys cals V" the keeper
of the basement was asked. Ho was
unable to answer at once, for a man
brought in just then a barrel full of
stale bread. The dogs of all varieties
in the basement clanked their chains and
I yowled, the poultry crowed and cackled, I
and the cats, too, mewed and looked
anxious.
"Do people ever buy cats?" the
dealer was asked again.
"Well, somewhat," he said. "I've
sold 100 Maltese kittens in the last three
months."
"What are the ruling rates for cats
; now ?''
"Maltese kittens bring from throe to
j five dollars. The old cats don't ecll so
well, because they are not so likely to
! stay at home and keep early hours, and
: the disreputable habits of the Toms
! hurt their sale a good deal. The kit(A
11 * Jl .1 ?
i lens, tuoiigu, aro m uemauu.
" Where do they come from ?"
" These are Ohio cats. They come in !
! crates from Alliance."
" Are they bred there?"
" They run wild as common cats do
j here, and are caught for nothing. Toey
j cost us here about a dollar or a dollar
i and a half."
" Who buy them ?"
" People passing here on their way to j
[ the ferry often stop in and get a cat or j
! something. No, I never had an old maid
' here, or even a lady of any great age
! except once. Home of our best custo[
mers are in Yirgiuia. We have orders
for fine cats at from $8 to ?10 from j
llichmond, and for dogs too. The Mai- I
tese are plenty, and the demand is |
t,ood; but if we could only get Angora I
cats, we could sell them at a rush at
about 850 apiece. There are few of them j
' in the city."
" Is there any sale for whatarecalled j
' common cats' by some people, and |
harder names still by others?"
" Not to speak of. People would be
glad to get rid of them. But they are ]
just as good mousers as well-bred Mai1
tese kittens.?New York Sun.
i :
i i
Trunks.
One of the porters of tho Fifth
! Avenue hotel, New York, has been talk!
ing about trunks to a reporter. He sayB
i the secret of handling a trunk safely
! lies in the knowledge of the fact that i
I the corners are always dovetailed and
j strongly braced with iron. Let a trunk
' down on the corners and it's all right,
i j Big trunks are not what porters dread,
i " It looks tremendous," said this prac
! tieal philosopher, "to see a man take
) ' one of them and trot up to the top story,
j but you want to remember this all
! through life: Whenever a woman is
[ ! concerned, things are bound to be light;
: so when a woman's trunk?and only
I women have big trunks?comes along,
t I a porter picks it up easily. With a
' I man, though, it's different. Old traveli
ers aro apt to cary books, and b;oks
! are mighty heavy, while a drummer
r will pack half the stock of a dry goods
store in his trunk, which is usually
i small, and then make funny remarks
- when you nearly break your back liftt
ing it." -. - '
ACCIDENTAL INVENTIONS.
Simjile Ot'icin o! Some (irpnt ftiMCorerim. ]
Tbo world knows very little of the 1
trilling circumstances which brought i
into existence some of its most valua- <
ble appliances ami conveniences of 1
every-day life. Who would believe that I
such a simple circumstance as an old '
i hen, with muddy feet, straying suvrep- ]
titiously into a sugar house, would have f
furnished a clew for the refilling of the i ]
sweet compound in the manner now car- j ]
ried on all over the world ? Such, how- | (
ever, is the fact. The old biddy had 1
just wandered through a clay puddle t
and then over a pile of sugar. It was i
noticed that wherever she left her (
tracks the sugar was thoroughly o
whitened. Experiments were insti- r.
tuted and the result was that wet clay \
came to be used in refining sugar. ]
The origin of tinted paper came about x
by a mere slip of the hand. The wife \
of an English paper-maker accidentally t
let a blue-bag fall into one of the vats 1
of pulp. The workmen were astonished s
when they saw the peculiar color of the s
paper, while the owner of the' mill was s
highly incensed over what he consid- rJ
eredagrave pecuniary loss. His wife was r
so much frightened that she would not v
confess her agency in the matter. After ?
storing the damaged paper for several f
years, the manufacturer sent it to his f
agent in London, with instructions to d
sell it for what it would bring. The v
paper was accepted as a purposed b
nnr/iHr " onil ms /Hsirinsrvl nf of nnr>? n
at quite an advance over the market k
price. The manufacturer was astonished p
at receiving an order for another large t
invoice of the paper. He was without t
the secret and found himself in a di- fi
lemma. Upon mentioning it to his I
wife she told him about the accident, t.
Ho kept the secret, and the demand for li
the novel tint far exceeded his ability
to supply it. Porcelain, which has been p
knowu to the Chinese ar.d Japanese for c
ages, was not made in Europe until the I
beginning of the last century, when a ^
German discovered the art in a manner t<
quite accidental. This man was an ap- d
prentico to an apothecary at Berlin, v
when he met with an alchemist, who, in k
return for some good ofiices done him tl
by his master, promised to teach him o
the art of making gold. To discover t:
the grand secret ho labored incessantly, f<
and it so happened that, having mixed v
various earths together, in order to o
make strong crucibles, in the course of t!
baking them ho accidentally discovered
the art of making porcelain, fi
The intended transmutation took place s
?not in the metals, indeed, but in his ti
own person?and, as if he had been g
touched with a conjuror's wand, s
he was all of a sudden transformed from S
an alchemist into a potter. The first G
porcelain iuus maumaciureu was m s
a brownish-red oolor, being made of p
a brown clay. t]
Tko power of lenses, as applied to i:
telescopes, opera glasses and the like, n
was discovered by a watchmaker's ap- n
prentice. "While holding spectacle glas- a
ses between his thumb and finger he w
was startled by the sudden enlarged i<
appearance of a neighboring church
spire. The swaying to and fro of a o
chandelier in a cathedral suggested to c
Galileo the application of a pendulum, a
Mezzotinto, a particular manner of yine h
engraving on copper, owed its invention n
to the simple accident of the gun-barrel e
of a sentry becomiug rusted with dew. s
The art of lithographing was per- f<
fected through some suggestions made n
by accident. A poor musician was t<
curicus to know whether music could 1
not bo etched upon stone as well as ti
copper. After ho had prepared his fi
slab his mother asked him to make a a
memorandum of such clothes as she si
proposed to send away to be washed. n
Not having pen, ink and paper conve- g
nient, ho wrote the list on the stone f<
with the etching preparation, intending b
to make a copy of it at leisure. A few E
days later, when about to clean the g
stone, ho wondered what effect aqua- b
fortis would liavo upon it. Ho applied n
the acid, and in a few minutes saw the ti
writing standing out in bold relief, n
The next step necessary was to ink the s'
stone and take off the impression. n
The art of etching upon glass was si
discovered by a glass-cutter accident- n
ally let ting a few drops of aquafortis fall E
upon his spectacles. Ho noticed that u
the glass became corroded and softened ti
where the acid had touched it, and that n
was hint enough. He drew figures n
upon the glass with varnish, applied ti
the corroding fluid and then cut away si
the glass around the drawing. When h
the varnisli was removed the figures I!
appeared raised on a dark ground. The ii
shop of a tobacconist was destroyed by v
fire. While ho was gazing dolefully w
into the smoldering ruins he noticed a;
that his poorer neighbors were gather- t
ingthe snuff from the canisters. He li
tested the snuff himself and discovered o:
that fire had largely improved its pun- t<
gency and aroma. It was a hint worth Is
profit ing by. He secured another shop, s<
built a lot of ovens, subjected tho snuff f(
to a heating process, gave the brand a ci
particular name, and in a few years bo- a:
came rich through an accident which he w
at first thought had completely ruined o
him. o
The composition of which printing F
rollers is composed was discovered by a n
singular accident. A printer, not being n
able to find the pelt ball used in olden si
times to ink the type with, substituted p
a piece of soft glue which had fallen out a<
of a glue pot. It was such an excellent u
substitute that, after mixing molasses d
with the glue, to give the mass proper o
consistency, the old pelt ball was en- o
tirely discarded.. Water tabbies, em- w
ployed in the manufacture of waved and o:
watered silk, were iuvented by a man n
who trot his first idea from the spread- ti
ing of a squirt of tobacco spit on a tl
smooth floor. p
It is a popular delusion, cxistiug h
throughout the world, that George e
Stephenson was the inventor of the loco- p
motive. In England the error is so y*
deeply roottd that the lait anniversary ii
of his birth, June 8, was celebrated by d
over 30,000,000 misinformed English- n
men. Probably not one in one hundred h
of these participants in the celebration A
ever heard of Oliver Evans, who, with- n
out doubt, was the father of tho pro- if
pelling power of all railroad trains iu tl
the world. How came Stephenson by g
honors not fairly his ? will bo tho first
question asked. No one can say that he
ever claimed them for himself, nor can <
any ono say that he ever exclusively !
wore them when alive, though he lived I
nearly a score of years after the Rocket I
made its first and forever famous trip, e
Clearly,Stephenson never believed him- ii
self the inventor, and the delusion that c
he was, came about through a remark- c
able book issued in 1807. If Stephenson '1
had never lived nor thought, the loco- g
motive could still be the world's servant t<
to-day. But without tho idea which o
first sprang into Evans's brain, not only f,
the locomotive, but an immense major- t!
ity?practically all?of the steam en- c
gines of tho globe would be impossible, f:
Evans, it should be stated was an Amer- i:
ican, who was born in Newport, Del., in r
1755, and died in New York in 1819. To s
a certain degree the locomotive, like ii
other remarkable productions, came e
about by accident. : a
"When a youthful apprentice, Evans j L
began his efforts to discover some sub- | n
stitute for animal power in moving f
wagons. As a boyish trick, a gun- 1
barrel partly filled with water, and c
stopped at both ends, was inserted in a 2
blacksmith's forge, with results which 1
may be imagined. It instantly occurred t
to Evans that this was tho power he ^
was in search of. Subsequently he j
found a book describing the atmospheric \
| steam pump used in English mines, t
and in which ho ab once noticed that i
the sole ut.e of steam in it was to pro- t
duce a vacuum. Two and two were 1
quickly put together, experiments fol- i
lowed,* in which a piston was driven by j
steam, and in 1781 he announced that <
he could thus propel boats and wagons, c
j He was promptly declared crazy, and a ]
{ patent was denied him on that ground, i
i But he persevered. In this country i
there were no rails, but in the English <
mines there were, and to England he ]
sent his ideas. In 1757 one Captain <
Masters took drawings rud specifications <
to England for the express purpose of \
exhibiting them to engineers. In 1794-5 :
F. S. Sampson went over for tlie same
purpose, and, in the first year of this
century, the engine was exhibited 0?;ually
at work to two British engineers
,n this country. No impression whatever
seems to have been made in Engand,
except that in 1802 Richard Trave:hick
patented a high-pressure engine,
rhe American edition of "Wood on
Railways" distinctly charges that he
ivailed himself of Evans' ideas, but the
xiint need not be insisted on, sinoe
Evans's engine was, beyond dispute, tlie
?arlier and better. In this country,
lowever, Evans pushed his conceptions
0 the incontestable records of patents
n Maryland (1787) and Pennsylvania
178G), and to embodiment in iron
ind employment in actual practical use.
['he idea of land and water locomotion
ras temporarily abandoned, and in
1801, concentrating his entire financial
esources?for he had been too busy inmnl'A
if. r*amn
CUUIU^ LU iuai\u iUVJUVJ I buvugu AW vwiuv
o him rapidly enough when he turned
lis attention to it?he built tho first
uccessful double-acting, high-pressure
team engine, tho archetype of the
tandard motor of tho world to-day.
Che cost was 83,700. It was not a
Qodel. It was a practical engine, and
ras puS to use in sawing and grinding,
soon after Evans received an order
lorn the Philadelphia board of health
or an engine to bo used in dredging
locks. He built it in a scow in his
rorkshop, he mounted it on wheels, and
10 drove it by its own power a mile and
-half over the highway to tho Schuylill,
where he launched it. Thence it
iaddlc I its own way by a stern wheel
'j Philadelphia. Thre9 years later Fulan
built a better steambor-t. Twenty.ve
years later Stephenson built the
locket. Ent this was the first applicaion
of a high-pressure steam engine to
md and water locomotion.
In 1809 Evans proposed to build a
iassenger railroad?the first ever coneived?to
run between New York and
'hiladelphia. His idea, using his words,
ras "to lay a track so nearly level as not
t) deviate in any place moro than two
egrees from a horizontal liue, made of
rood or iron, on smooth parks of broen
stone or gravel, with a rail to guide
be carriages, so that they may pass each
ther in the different directions, and
ravel by night as well as day." He of?red
"to make a steam carriage that
rill run at the rate of 15 miles an hour
n good, level railways, on condition
bat I have double price for it if it run
rith that velocity, and nothing at all
or it if it shall not come up to that
peed. What can r.n inventor do more
o insure the performance of his en9"
Wliof in/loarl 9 TTO fnvfliov
aid : "I am willing to take of the stock
500 per mile, to the distance of 50 or
0 miles, payable ir. steam carriages or
team engines invented bj me for the
urposo 40 years ago, and will warrant
hem to answer tho purpose to the satsu'ction
of tho stockholders, or even to
lake steam engines to run 12 or 15
liles per hour, or take back the engines
t my own expense if required." All
rould not do. People did not grasp the
lea, and he could not get the money.
Then Evans wished to place himuelf
n record, and in view of all the 3irumstances
his words are most remtrkble
: "The present generation," said
e, "will use canals ; the next will use
fiilroads with horses ; bnt their more
nlightened successors will employ my
team carriages on railways as the perjction
of the art of conveyance ; in the
leantimo the steam carriages may be
2sted even on the present turnpikes,
'he time will come when people will
ravel in stages moved by steam engines
L'om one city to another almost as fast
3 birds fly. To accomplish this two
ets of railways will bo laid, traveled by
ignt as wen as ny aay, ana cue pas'ieners
will sleep in these stages as com^rtably
as they now do in steam stage
oats." Even sleeping cars, which the
Inglisli mind has only lately comple tely
rasped, were thus foreseen by Evans
efore the first passenger train was ovtr
an, and his engine has drawn every
rain that has ever moved. Evans estimated
the valne of what he knew about
team at ?1,000,000,000, a sum then
amed to be ridiculed, but who shall
ay how many times it would need to bo
lultiplied to express the fact to day?
Iven yet the tale of Evans's achievelents
is most incomplete. Before his
ime grain and flour were moved in the
lill by mannal labor. His improvelent,
which effected a complete revoluion
in the manufacture of flour, conisted
of the elevator, the conveyor, the
opper boy, the drill and the descender.
?y this machinery the grain was put
lto barrels as flour without the inter
ention of human hand. The saving
as estimated at 50 cents per barrel,
ad as the annual production of the
inited States is several hundred milons
of bushels of wheat, the benefits
f the automatic flour mill are not likely
) be overrated. There now exists, in
'ew York, the worn and faded manujript
of "An examination into tho best
>rm of a vessel for sailing." It is as
ompact, as methodical, as well reasoned
s a problem of Euclid. It throws a
hole flood of light upon what manner
f mind was his. It points to a grasp
f the laws of physics as firm as that of
'ranklin. "Understanding this 3ubject
lay enable us to excel others therein as
luch as our engines excel theiirs," he
lys, with modest confidence, and in oposition
to tho theory of the French
sadeiuy, of which he knew, and of tho
niversal prac:ice of all shipwrights, he
irected hi.? boat to be built with a bow
f a certain sharpness, although every
ther boat then existing was about as
ell shaped for speed as a Jane Maria
n the Erio canal. But even to enulerato
his leading works is too great a
lek for this place. Suffice it to say
jat at one time he had fifteen lawyers
ermanently engaged in the defense of
is rights to his own ideas. Although
titled to perhaps the most valuable
atents ever granted to man, at 50 ho
as penniless, at GO he ceased invent;g,
and av, G4 ho died, leaving to his
escendants a small property and a
amo most honorable, but almost unonored
and forgotten. How many
mericans know these facts ? How
lany should be permitted to remain in
# -t i.1. Q in
JIlOniLlCO Ul lu^ui ; xir jl3 11 uu, luuccu,
iat America knows little of one of its
reatest men.?Boston Herald.
A Model Farm in Dakota.
Twelve miles northwest of Fargo,
>ak., is a farm which is declared by
very one who has seen it to be a model
i equipment and management, and the
Iaim is made good by the splendid
rop which it has produced this year,
ho owner is John B Raymond, United
Itates marshal for Dakota, who went
o the war when ho was sixteen years
Id, and served till it was over. Tho
irm is only two years old, and this is
he first crop. Mr. Raymond was reently
requested to furnish a few totals
rom his account book, and tho reckonng
stands as follows; " Before wo
eceive a return from our crop we
hall have invested 855,000. That
ucludes tho purchase of our laud, the
rectiou of five barns, a dwelling-house,
n elevator capable of holding 100,000
lushels of wheat and oats, all the stock
,nd machinery necessary to run the
arm, and all the cost of breaking the
and, planting and reaping the crop and
leliveriug it at the market. We have
1,000 acres in wheat and enough oats to
;eep our stock. We shall get about
wentv-fivo bushels to the acre, which
rill be 50,000 bushels from tho entire
dace. Wo shall save out our seed
vheat for noxt year, and can then sell
he crop for about 850,000." This is a
eturn of about ninety per cent, upon
ho investment, or a dividend cf fortyive
per cent, a year, for the farm lay
die the first twelve months after its
jurchase. To the question, "Do you
sonsider it an advantage to own your
>wn stock, and do your own work?"
Mr. Raymond replies: "There are as
nany wyas of farming as there pre of gong
to heaven, and you will find that
jvery farmer likes his own method best.
[ consider it twenty-five per cent,
jhoaper to own my machinery and
itock, and believe it is mo.o eco lomical
co borrow money to buy Gtock and
machinery than to hire the work done."
11 THE FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
!
Cribbing.
The Prairie Farmer says that on es
amining the teeth of a horse, with a viei
I of determining his age, we sometime
I find that the incisors are worn irregu
' larly. The upper ones are rounded a
! their front edge and the lower ones hav
i the front surface of the crown mud
j rubbed down, Horses with their teet]
j in this condition are, as a rule cril
i biters. The habit of seizing the manger
j bendir g the neck and emitting a nois
: similar to that of eructation, has beei
I termed cribbing. The expression "wim
j sucker" has been applied to the sam
habit of the horse when the teeth ar
not applied against any solid object ii
the act of sucking. Ciib-biting am
wind-sucking have been defined condi
tions in which there are morbid move
ments of the (Esophagus, derangemen
of the stomaoh and intestines, wit]
eructation or with deglutition of air. Ii
regard to the nature of the act of crib
bing or wiad-sucking tho condition i
at all times ono and the same?viz., thi
act of swallowing ain Some horse
swallow little s.nd others swallow much
It is a fact that crib-biting is a volun
^ ~ 'J An A.l +/\ ATI
lltrj UUl, tvuu lb 10 4UIL0 ujjpuocu LU \J u
knowledge of physiology that any act 0
disengaging air from the stomach shouh
be under the control of the will. Thi
is more especially unlikely in the horse
in which animal the act of vomiting can
not readily occur with the norma
stomach. Young horses, in the mos
healthy condition, acquire the habi
very rapidly, and this caunot be ac
counted fcr by supposing the suddei
occurrence of disease of the cardiac em
of the oesophagus, which is found in 1
few inveterate eases.
The swallowing of air is known tc
occur in some animals, in which tym
panitis (bloating) occurs, very rapidly
and this affords us the most positiv<
proof on the subject. Crib biters liabh
to tympanitis are sure to suffer fron
gaseous distention of the intestines i.
allowed to crib, but the accident is pre
vented by tying a broad strap arounc
the neck or otherwise stopping the acl
of crib biting. It is evident that tin
abnormal condition of the oesophagus
are rather results than causes of crit
biting. Post-mortem examination ha;
revealed occasionally dilatation oi th(
gullet, especially in its cervical portion,
enlargement of the stomach, thickening
of its coats, disease of the pj lorus anc
even affections of the liver. As to tht
causes of this troublesome vice it occur;
mostly in young horses that are wel
fedandinsufiiciently worked. They gel
fretful, and bite or lick the manger, and
by degrees contract the habit. There
is, no doubt, also a special predisposition
to tlio habit. "With some horses ii
appeai-s to arise naturally, as though
the sucking of air gave them pleasure
or a relief frcm some sort of suflering,
and it has been observed that horses al
all disposed to it may be easily led intc
it by the practices of some men in cleaning
them; lor if they clean them be
fore the manger and irritate them witt
too severe a comb, and in parts where
they cannot endure it, they seize upon
the manger for a counteraction to then
sufferings, and in doing this they flrsl
get a habit of it, and which may after
ward extend to the removal of othei
pains or distressful feelings. Some
horses indulge in a habit of licking the
manger and gnawing the woodwork,
which eventually lead to sucking. The
act of sucking air is observed undei
different circumstances. As a rnlo cril:
biters require a manger, rack or stall
post to lay hold of. They avail them
selves of any prominent object
even as a nail or ring, and ir
the absence of all these they maj
press with the chin against a knee,
or grasp the halter or bridle rein Wine
suckers need no resting point; and in ex
amining horees for this defect we mus:
not mistake another habit, which con
sists in a noise produced in rubbing the
lips firmly against each other, and whicl
is simply playing with air. This is fre
quently done by horses that are neithei
crib biters nor wind suckers, but th<
noise they make in smacking tlie lips if
J sometimes considerable. In the act o:
criD mtiiig tne act oi respirauon is mo
mentarily suspended, the glot is closed
tlio head flexed, neck arched and mn3
cles of the chest and abdomen fixed
At this moment there is a noise produ<
ced in the pliarnyx very similar to thai
of eructation or belching. The lajnyj
and hyoid bone are depressed and fixed,
the pharnyx expanded and the airwhicl
passes into this is on tho relaxation oi
the parts partly swallowed and parti j
returned by the nose. According to the
dexterity with which the act is effected
is little or much air swallowed, and
some horses become rapidly tympanitic.
"When horses fir&t begin to crib bite,
and sometimes inveterate crib biters,
they only indulge in the practice at intervals;
some while eating, and others
while standing in the stables withoui
food before them. During attacks oi
acute and painful diseases tho animals
do not attempt the act. Crib biters arc
very liable to attacks of colic. "When,
from long practice of this vice, the oesophagus
(stomach pipe) has .undergone
changes there is a tendency to chokiog
and in some instances the animals become
subject to vomiting. Crib biters
! are unfit for hard work and from the
| weakened condition of tbeir system arc
1 liable to other diseases. Crib biting has
| been looked upon both as a vice and as
| an unsoundness.
Fnrtn and (inrden Note*.
A corresponded writes that two oi
three bricks laid flat on the ground near
the roots of rose bushes and other plants,
will prevent evaporation, and be oi
great benefit during hot and dryweather.
We see it stated that Mr. Oliver
: Beirne.of Monroe county, West Virginia,
i recently shipped to New York one hunI
dredand twentv head of three-vear-old
i cattle, which averaged one thousand
j one hundred and sixty pounds per
I head.
The Gardeners' Monthly says : " Herbs
for future use should be cut just about
tho time they are coming into flower.
Dry them in the shade, and after sufficiently
dry to put away, tie them in
; bunches and hang them in a cool r.hed,
i or plt.ee them loosely between tho paper,
and stow away in cupboards or drawers.
Amateur fruit-growers are very chary
i of performing the operations known as
i thinning out tho promining crops on
i their trees and vines. They can not
! bear to remove a single pear or peach 01
j a bunch of grapes. But judicious thini
ning of the crop is ono of the surest
ways of securing a bounlifal harvest of
j the best quality. A little nerve at the
I beginning will afford a vast deal of satis!
faction at the end of the season.
Tho best heads of lettuce will run to
; seed and become unfit for table. A
! German paper says this can be avoidad
i by drawing a knife through one-half of
| tho sl.em to which tho head is attached.
! The sap, or as it is called in Germany,
i the milk, will flow and rob the head oi
i tho power to open, yet enough sap will
still remain to keep it fresh and grow;
ing for another week or so.
When turnipfi placed in the cellar
begin to sprout, says the author oi
j " valuable cooking receipts," they are
| usually thrown away, but the house
: keeper of experience will tell you that
j a bushel of turnips will furnish her
i family with salad all winter, and a very
! good" one if properly prepared. Place
tho bushel of turnips in a dark, warm
; cellar to sprout, and when the sprouts
are three or four inches long cut them
; off; pick tho leaves from the stems and
j pour on hot water a moment, then
! plunge them into cold water; place the
j sprouts in the colander to drain off all
j the water, and send to table with a plain
! dressing or bacon dressing poured ovei
them..
Professor Law says that' "tho? greal
' majority of ringbone in young horses
! come from the failure to shorten the
i toes." To this may be added that ring<
j bono is apt to be formed if colts are
| allowed to stand on", a plank floor 01
} anywhere else where'the footing is hard
i during the first eighteen months 0;
j their age. Whether in stable or yarc
1 during this period:let them have eartl
j for standing or walking, free from t?ton<
or gravel. If tlieir summer pasture
is a gravelly soil, or even somewhat
stony, it is not objectionable, because
the colt will^always pi'/); out
v j springy turf enough to stand and walk
s I on without injury to his feet, legs or
i-! joints.
fci
e I Recipe*.
[1 i Spiced Ai>ple Tarts.?Rub stewed
[i tart apples through a sieve; sweeien and
b flavor with mace or cinnamon. Line
, soup plates with a crust, fill with the
e apple, and lay bars of crust a quarter of
a an inch wide over the top of the tart.
1 Bake till the crust is done.
e Plain "Waffles.?On? pint of sour
e milk, two- eggs, whites beaten separatea
iy, two tablespoonfuls of butter, one
1 tablespoonlul of sugar, one full pint of
* flour, and two-thirds teaspoonful of
r soda dissolved in cno tablespoonful of
t boiling water, put in the last thing be1
fore baking.
2 Ginger Cookies.?If you wish to
make ginger cookies without eggs it may
3 bo done by taking three teacups of mo0
lasses, thirteen tablespoonfuls of lard,
3 one cup of boiliDg water, three good
teaspoosnful of scda, one tablespoonful
of cincer. a little salt. Mix at niclit.
* and let them stand until morning be|
fore bakiDg.
3 Orange Cream.?Take six ounces or
eight ounces of loaf sugar in lumps,
I and with them nib the rinds of several
j oranges, wiped quite clean, until each
fc lump of sugar is well saturated. Put
t the sugar so prepared into' a pint of
milk, with the thin rind of an orange; j i
j let it boil, and when cold make it into j
I a' custard with the yolks of four eggs, j
t strain, add a gill of whipped cream, and j
freuze.
> Kice Miringue.? Pick and wash a
. couple of handsful of rice, put them
, into a saucepan with a pint of milk or
3 more, a little sugar and the thin rind of
3 two oranges or lemons, let the whole
i simmer until the rice is quite done aad
f has absorbed the whole of the milk.
. Bemovo the rind and spread out the
I rice flat on a dish. Beat up to a stiff
t froth the whites of three or four eggs
? with a little powdered sugar; pile up
3 the froth over the rice, so as to com- 1
> pletely cover them; put the dish into '
5 the oven until the top of it is browned 1
; slightly, and servo immediately. This '
, dish can be varied in several ways, as e. ]
r g., by adding yolks of eggs to the rice '
[ before it has cooled, or by flavoring it I
? with vanilla.
? j
I Tropical Fruits.
; Mangoes from Jamaica are among the ]
i most delicious of theso rare fruits. They !
> are pear-shaped, with a thick, golden, !
red-cheeked rind and an orange-colored 3
; pulp. A large pit like a peach-stone !
i takes up half the fruit, and contains a !
bitter kernel. The specimens of this |
fruit aro Eaid, by those who have eaten j
it in South America and Jamaica, to be I
excellent. It is necessary to pick the |
mango when it is ripe, as those that j
ripen after they are picked are devoid j
of flavor and worthless. It is conse- j
quently a perishable cargo, and full i
twenty per cent, of those brought to !
this country spoil before they reach the ;
country. The sweet mango is the species
usually seen here. There is a slightly
acid kind sometimes sold, which is very
pleasant to the taste. Fresh mangoes
are worth from fifty cents to one dollar ;
a dozen. j
The sweet mangoes put up at Bombay
are a famous East India chutney,
and a popular accompaniment of curries
in Engknd. Though seldom used
in this country, they may be bought
for SI.50 a bottle. They shonld not be
co ifounded with pickled musk melons,
which are called mangoes by New England
housekeepers.
1 The red and yellow banana are not
- di.Terent species. All bananas are
t naturally yellow and are made red by [
- grafting. The effeet of the graft runs j
5 out in seven years, when we have somei
times, bananas that are red, spotted or
- streaked with yellow. There are over
r forty or tjity varieties of tins fruit. 1
i The little gaineos, or fig banana, is not
3 unknown tc our fruit stores. It is not i
f over :i finger long, and it is one of the i
fines), species. The plantain and ba- i
, nana are of the same family. The ori-! ?
- ental Christians searching for the Gar- 1 ?
. .. en cf Eden believed that the banana !
& was the forbidden fruit, and named it
S the "tree of Paradise," though the j
: "forbidden fruit" sold in Paris fruit
, stalls and in our own markets is a
i species of orange, the grape shaddock. ,(
E It is of no special value, is acid, and ; ]
r is kept more for display than anythiug j *
s else. The iegendsays it was good till i '*
1 Eve tasted i t, bud it has been bad since, i*
[ 'Ihe deep depressions near the stem of f
. the fruit like the mark of teeth, are
, supposed to be the origin of its claim, t
, Tho mandarin oranges are a small ?
species of fruit with a dark-colored ^
i perfumed rind hardly thicker than \
; brown paper. The tangerine is a va- t
t riety of mandarin. It is the thinnest-11
i skinned species of orange known, j c
i Mandarin and tangerine oranges, which |
, are in. market during the winter months, i
axe sold from seventy-five cents to SI a j
! dozen. Tho seedless St. Michael I *
; oratfges are brought from the Azores, j t
and though common in England, are j T
i seldom seen in this country. They are |
i a small, light-colored fruit, with scarce- j 1
i ly any seeds:, and are excellent in flavor, j *
i In New i'orli thoy bring from sixty to ! c
i seventy-five cents a dozen. j i
Fresh cocoanuts, or the immature 11
I cocoanuts. nicked when thev are half:
ripe, are tho favorite food and beverage ' J
' of the the t::opics. The stem and green | j
' cup at the base dropping off is the ex- i c
ternal indic ation that they have soured J ^
The natives use a huge knife called a j J
machete, as large as a butcher's cleaver, ' <
io open the nut, which they strike on j i
the stem end. A hole is thus made N
through tha husk and shell, and the ?
. soft pulp of the nut is scooped out and j
. placed in a goblet. The milk, which in
. this stage is as clear as spring water, is
poure d ove:.* the pulp, find it is thus ,
served to guests with orange flowers in ^
, the goblet. It is drunk and eaten with ^
a spoon. It is declared by most people i
who have eaten it to be the most delic- J
, ions form of this well known palm 1
fruit, which the Ceyloneso believe will
not grow out of the sound of the human
voice. "The Indian will be indolent," i
says the South American proverb, "so I
. long as the dorado fish floats in the : 1
river or the cocoanut palm yields its j j
fruit." ; J
,(
| i Kissinjr. ; t
Kissing says au exchange, may be said
; to be like swimming. The kisser must
! abandon himself wholly to the business I
i ?close his eyes, as it were, and trust to t
the natural buoyancy of his body to re- i ?
cover himself after the ecstatic plunge. |j
, A girl takes a kissing as kittens take to i
] sport, with a natural aptitude for the i
quintessence of ita delight. Under the '
tuition of any girl the most bashful j
youth soon learns the operation of the '
lips, and, once learned, the art is never i
; lost. No rides can be given for the pur-! *
I suing or the placing of the lips. The
!! suggestion that it might be practiced ' /
; before the mirror is not worth consider-! A
, j ing, as there is an intellectual process in j
.' the artistic development of a kiss which i
;1 cannot be stimulated or invoked save j
I under the eye of the owner of the lips x
' that invito and under the tender spell F
[ that transforms those lips into the one
object in all the world that the lover j
: yearns to ta3te. The sign of a right,
1! sort of a ku;s is unmistakable. There j ,
' * is a mounting color in the cheek aud a !1
II softer glitter iu the eyes that telb the ] 1
f i story with youth or maid. Thc-re is a 1
', theory that the mustache plays a lead- T
1 ing part in tho perfect kiss, but this n
I I must be a matter of option, as Byron? j '
i who was to fond of kisses, longed to c
II have all the kissable lips in tho world 1 ^
1 made into one mouth that he might kiss \ ?
; it?had one mustache. Julius C.-esar, I
'1 too, who dropped into kissing ns a re- j^
5! luxation, had no beard. Indeed, the j
s j chronicles of kissing would probably '
" i show that ti e beardless gallants, whose *
5! kissing made the happiness of the e
: j queens of beauty of old, were none tho ! t
> ; less effective with lips that knew no |
[ i beard. ,
I , i 1
i There aro men whose friends are more | ]
5 to be pitied than their enemies. I ]
FOR TI1E LADIES.
Alzcrlnc Oddities.
In going about Algiers, what strikeB
one most is the endless variety in the
costumes of the inhabitants?Jews,
Arabs, Kabyles, Mozabites, Negresses,
etc., all dressing differently, and in
bright, beautiful colors.. The Arab
women with the haik and white veil
covering all but their dark eyes, look
like ghosts gliding in and out of the
crowd; but when at home they, too,
dress in a gorgeous way. The jewels
they wear are quaint and of a very
rongh beauty; for, if the stones are
real, they do not mind of their being
full of flaws, and irregular in shape
and color; their pearls are rongh, and
the Arab women grease them that their
color may be yellow ; the diamonds are
set in lead, which give them a dull,
heavy look.
We went once to an Arab wedding,
and as both the families were rich, the
dresses and jewels worn by the ladies
were most splendid. The bride herself
?a poor little thing of fourteen?looked
anything but happy, seated on a cushion
on the floor, while her mother and
a professional dresser, painted, powdered,
and gilded her face, plaited her
hair, and then dressed hor up in costly
clothes, with all the family jewels
heaped upon her. All the time her
toilet was going on, three frightful no
gresse.s played and sang wild Arab
musio close to tbo bride's ear, and
others, down stairs, uttered the curious
cry of joy which is a sort of trill on
one high note.
Little garlands of \?hite Jessamine
blossoms were given to every one, and
when all was ready she was led to her
husband, who was waiting her in another
room Ho was a very ugly man,
more than twice her age, and when the
poor little bride saw him she burst into
tears in a most pitiful way. "We wished
very much that au artist could have
been with us, for there were so many
beautiful Arab ladies sitting round on
divans and cushions; but as no man except
a near relation may see a woman
nnveiled, our wish was a vain one. On
3ur way downstairs after the wedding,
eve saw the servants of the household
seated in a ring on the floor, eating
from one large dish of conscoiissou,
tvhich is the principal food of the Arabs:
it is made of the emcrale of Algerian
bard wheat, and if only mixed with
?ood butter it is very nice to eat. But
what *>.e Arabs generally give us is
made with bad butter, and it is almost
impossible to swallow it, however much
sve wish to please the kind giver, who
5tands close by, urging us to eat more,
md almost forcing it into one's mouth
in his hospitality. Matters were not
mended by a friend of mine, who dexieriously
conveyed the rancid morsels
into a handkerchief on her lap; for as
in a hasty search for coppers the con;ents
of the handkerchief were scattered
jver the upturned faces of an expectant
irowd, it must somewhat have diminslied
the satibfact^feMffhich her apparent
good appetiteTnH?'iCbrded her
lost.?Leisure Hour.
Fnnhlon Notes.
The Jersey glove is a late novelty.
India cashmeres will be much worn.
Campagnared is a new name for brick
last.
Floral cake decorations are coming in
rogue.
The dressiest evening toilets are
sleeveless.
Fine cut black jet never goes entirely
)ut of fashion.
Plain hosiery in dark solid colors are
;he highest style.
Moire antique is the leading silk novjlty
trimming this fall.
Shaded plashes come in a brilliant
ityle; the colors are very effective.
une oi tiie novel styles of plush goods
ias furrows running across the material.
The splendors of the loom were never
noro dazzling than they are for tho Au;umn
season.
Pointed girdles of watery silk or velvet
are to be worn with woolen gowns
lext winter.
Dotted plush belongs to the delicate
ityle of goods; it is extremely light,
ind is admirably finished off.
Tiger plush comes from the past; it
s a lovely texture and combines very
landsomely with satin merveilleux.
Black gros grain silks begin to appear
mce again, combined with black
vatered silk or moire and satin striped
abric?. They have, however, never
?one cut of style with a certain class of
.he most fashionable ladies, who prefer
juiet colors and plain, elegant toilets.
Large Gypsy hats are worn, trimmed
vith wreaths of scarlet berries and delisate
clematis blossoms, and tied down
vith long scarfs of black Spanish lace,
vhich are wound gracefully abont the
hroat, and then carried down to the
)elt, where theyaro fastened by a spray
>f berries.
Jots of the World.
The London Jewish World publishes
he following statistics of the Jews of
he world, recently compiled by the
rell-known German ethnographical
cholar, Richard Andree:
loumama 400,000
European Ilugsia 2,552,459
uistro-IIuugary (180!)) 1,372,333
Herman Empire (1875) 520,575
lollnnd (1809) 08,003
European Turkey (before the last
war 71,372
juxemburg (1875) 001
Iwitzerlanil (1870) 0,990
Jeumark (1870) 4,290
ireat Britain and Ireland (1878).... 08,300
lorvia 20,000
'ranee (1372) 49,439 I
talv (1871) 35,356
irccco (1870) 2,582
Sclginxn (1878) 3,000
iwcdsn (1870) 1,830
fonvay (1875) 34 _
Ipain fi, 000
V tugal 1.000
5,1GG,32G
AFKICA.
lorocco 200,000
ilgeria 33,490
fnnis GO,000
Tripoli 100.000
Egviit 8,000
Jritish Colonics 1,500
402,99G
asia.
Isiatio Turkov 100,000
'ersia 10,000
lusaian Tcrkoatan 1,000
Joeharu. and Khiva 10,000
ndia 15,000
Siberia 11,100 \
,'hina 200 }
.'aueasiid 23,247 |
182,817 !
AMERICA.
"nitcil States 300,000
,'anada 1,115
It. Thomas 450
Juraeoa 900
'l-ril 498
lent ot' America 5,000
307,903
mstralia 20,000
KESIMK.
In rope f 5,11)0,320 j
Ltrica 402,990 : ;
lmu 182,847 ! i
imeriea 307,9(13 j ]
Liistralia 20,000 (
0,080,132 ] ;
This does not include the Falashas,
t*li o number about 200,000, and other j
iseudo-Jows. j
To Prevent Lamp Chimneys rom |
Cracking. |i
A Leipzig paper devoted to the glass j
nterest, states that the cracking of
amp chimneys may bo prevented by i;
>lacing them in a pot tilled with cold
^ater, adding a little cooking salt, and
iter the mixuire has neo allowed to ,
>oil well over a fire, to have the articles !
iooI slowly. Treated in this way, glass
vill bo found to resist cracking, even if
;xposed to very sudden cliauges of te*n-!
jeratnre, and tho chimneys bcc mo
cry durable by passing tln-ough frach
tn operation, 'llio process is, in fact, :
limply one of annealing, and it results :
hat, the slower tho operation is carried ;
m, especially the cooling portion of it, !
ho more effective will it be.
i
When a New Orleans man wanted his
ricture in an heroic attitude, the artist:
painted him in the act of refusing a
prink. j
SUNDAY READING.
Activity In MUttionnrv Work.
An interesting featnre of the campmeeting
at Lakf side, as reported in the
Milwaukee Sentitiel, was the missionary
conference at which representatives of
four branches of the Protestant church
made reports as to what wasbeinj? done
by Congregational, Methodist, Baptist
and Presbyterian missionaries. It was
stated that the Methodist chnrch has
now thirty-eight missionaries and helpera,
10G native preachers, forty-two
helpers and 2,500 menibeis. In 1819
the receipts of the newly-organized
missionary society amounted to $823.
Last year the receipts were 8557,371.
The Rev. Dr. 8. J. Humphrey, of
Chicago, on behalf of the Congregationalists,
stated that the American Bo?rd
of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
sustains seventeen missions which include
about 700 stations where evangelistic,
educational and philanthropic
work is earned on. At present it has
150 ordained missionaries, seven of c
whom are physicians, and about 250
assistant missionaries. It has educated
and now employs about 1,400 native
helpers, 400 of whom are pastors,
preachers and catechists. Its 275
churches contain about 18,000 members,
nearly 1,000 of whom were added last
year. There have been established 740
common schools, with 27,000 pupils and
seventy higher schools, irdnding those
for the training of ministers; with 2,500
students. In the first year the income
of the American Board was 8999; it is
irow about $450,000. In all it has re- |
ceivea auout 5>ie,uw,uuu, anct nas made
about 90,000 converts. The reports in
regard to the missionary work which is
carried on under the direction of the
Presbyterian and Baptist denominations
wero also very encouraging.
RcliKionn Ncwi and Notes.
The Eev. Fung Ohak is now a Baptist
missionary in Portland, Oregon, having
been recently ordained to the work by a
Baptist council.
During the last ten years the members
of Presbyterian (Northern) foreign
mission churches have increased from
3,512 to 14,588?a gain of over 300 per
cent.
Of one party, consisting of. twentyfive
of the returning Chinese students,
it i9 stated that nine have changed their
religious faith since they came to this
country.
An Italian pilgrimage will be made
to the pope to express the homage and
devotion of Italian Catholics and their
indignation at the outrage committed
over the remains of Pius IX.
According to the statistics presented
at the Connecticut Conference the Congregational
churches of that State contain
55,202 members. There wer6 391
ministers and fifty-two licentiates at
work during the year.
The Rev. W. Schapira is carrying on ?
at Gaza an interesting work among the
Mohammedans. In his school for Moslem
girla he has forty-five in regular at- x
tendance, and that for Moslem boys a
about forlv, besides forty-eight girls and ?
forty-two boys in the Greek schools. ,
It is stated on good authority that there
are now eighteen Protestant missionary
societies at work in Japan, besides
three Bible societies. There are
123 missionaries, 182 native preachers
and helpers, 2,912 communicants, ^
thirty-one schools and 1,525 scliolarp.
Paint Rock, in Western Texas, re- e
joices in the recent organization of a
Presbyterian church with six members, f
The cheering announcement is made
that more members are expected. The t
pnlpit of the Paint Rock church is vacant,
and nobody expecting a princely j
salary need apply.
The statistics of the Southern Pres- j
byterian church just prepared show that
there are twelve church synods and
sixty-seven presbyteries, (the same as c
last year;) 144 candidates, a decrease of
one; 1,061 ministers, a gain of one; 1
1,957 churches, a gain of twenty-nine;
121,915 communicants, a net gain of j
only 1,887. The total of contributions
was 81,114,676, of which $51,883 was ,
for home missions.
The English religious press is grieved j
over the conduct of the Prince of Waloa. j
The Christian _ World says: It is high
time that some public protest was made ?
against the wanton profanation of the ?
Sabbath by his royal highness the
Prince of Wales. Last Lord's day he ^
engaged a special tram on the North- ^
western line for Aylesbury, then drove
to Waddesdon?a mansiou belonging to
J. "De Rothschild, Esq. Arrived here, I
he summoned all tbfl laborers in thnvil- 1
lage to make bey on the estate, ordered
a memorial tree to be planted, and spent f
the rest of the day at lawn-iennis. All *
bounds of decornm were broken throngh;
the qniet village was in an nproar of
jollity.
Some Common Superstitions. t
There is scarcely an article of dress, t
scarcely an article of furniture or scarcely
an article of food abont which do not 4
cluster numerous superstitions. Ac- r
cording to a well-known piece of folklore
most persons wear new clothes on r
Easter day, mindful of the old admoni- r
tion :
At Eastor let your clothes be new, e
Or else be sure you will it rue. r
In Yorkshire, when a married woman's
apron falls off it is a sign that something
is coming to vex her; when, how- .
ever the apron of an unmarried girl
drops down she is frequently the object .
of laughter, as there is considered no 1
surer sign than that she is thinking
about her sweetheart. Many auguries
are still gathered from the shoe. Thus a
young girls on going to bed at night t
place their shoes at right-angles to one 1:
another, in the form of the letter T, repeating
this rhyi_ie: - t!
Hoping tins night my true love to see, s
I place my shoes in the form of a T. h
It is frequently found that even
strong-minded persons are not exempt
from the prejudice against sitting down
to dinner when there are only thirteen c
present. Many amusing anecdotes are 0
recorded of tho devices resorted io for ^
avoiding the consequences supposed to f.
be incurred by the neglect of this su- ^
perstition?the notion being that o.e of e
tLe thirteen, generally the youngest, 8
will dio within tho next twelve months. ^
To upset the salt cellar indicates ap- n
prcaehing trouble; to drop a knife ti
means that a visitor is coming. ij
It is the. ho:ght of ill-luck to see the tl
new monn reflected in a looking-glass s
or through a window-pane ; and some p
mothers studiously prevent < heir young- a
est child looking in one until a year Sl
old. It is also associated with mar- c
riage and death. Thus, in the south q
of England it is regarded as a bad omen tl
for a bride on her wedding morning to ^
take a last peep in the glass when she c
is completely dressed in her bridal t(
attire before starting for tho church. 0
Heuce very great care is generally taken
to put on a glove or some slight n
article of adornment after the final lin- jj
gering and reluctant look has been jj
taken in the mirror. The idea is tho'; Sj
any young lady who is too fond of the q
looking-glass will bo unfortunate when t<
married. S1
? ?
A Man Stiil livinsr Who Was Bom in
105)9.
Some industrious scribe, with a keen
scent, for news, has found an old chap j a
living on one of the West India islands, n
who was born (so tho story rnns) in the v
year 1099, and i-i consequently nearly
182 years of r.go, being, with the single a:
exception of Peter Czartan, tbo Hun- r(
garian peasant, tho most extraordinary c
case of longevity of which we have any ii
account outside of tho book of Genesis, j t(
The report says that the venerable man w
now living in the West Indies was a w
soldier in the Spanish army, but was I
discharged therefrom in the year 1724, w
in consequence of wounds received in t<
battle, aud ho therefore tarried in this i h
vale of teara longer than any other si
member of tho human family. The c;
greatest instarce of authenticated a
longevity of all modern times is that of 6
the Hungarian peasant, Peter Czart in, o;
who was born in 1587 and died iu 1772, v>
at the extraordinary old age of 185 a
years, six months and five days. b
Compensation.
For every leaf of green,
A golden leaf;
For every fading flower,
A ripened sheaf.
For every parching beam,
A drop of ran;
For every sunny day,
The stars again.
For every warring wave,
A pretty shell;
For every sound of woo,
A joyous boll.
For every passing caro,
A mother's kiss:
And what could better be,
.Dear cmia, tnan irns t /*$&?
?George Cooper. >'/ '%&
JIUMOR OF THE DAY,
A put up job?preserves.
The sorrel nag is a horse reddish.
How does Father Time travel ? Bijycles,
of course.
What is that which no man wishes to
lave, and no man wishes to low? A ,-f
jald head.
Adam is the patron saint of the Weet;rn
pork raisers, because he had the'
irst spare rib.
What word is there of five letters,
rom which, if you take away two, yon - -J
eave six ? Sixty.
" Water-melon-choly scene," said the small
by when the farmer's dog chased
!iim out of the patch.?Modern Argo. ~j
It is a grave offence to rob a eoldier -.'.y
ffhen on duty. The other night, howaver,
a sentry was relieved of his watch.
Be careful about trusting a secret to ' ?
old father Time, for there is a proverb, fj fou
know, that Time will tell.?Someriille
Journal.
When a man puts plenty of provision^
in his will they should amount to a val
lable legal currency at current prices. U*
? Wheeling Journal.
"There's always room at the top,"
said the customer when he saw the way .
;he grocer filled the measure with po:atoes.?Sltubenville
Herald.
When the Emperor of Russia yawns,- ;
;ho<o about him look in awe apon the
wonderful czar-chasm which he dis?
plays.? Detroit Free Press.
An exchange suggests that perhaps
;he reason why a Moscow paper was re:ently
suspended was that it actually . }
published an item of news.
What is that which, if you divide into
iwo parts, you have only one-quartet
remaining. Did we hear yoxi murmur,. "t
iftycents??Yonket't Statesman.
Some men when they go to church,
lever think of studying the frescoing on 4
;he ceiling until the collection plate is
jeing passed around.?Narristovm Barrid.
"Strange I" said Mrs. Smith, as Mrs*
Brown concluded the tale of her terrible
leasickness; "strange that going on *
he water should have made you so sick, .y
iVhy, I'm never seasick." "Aren't you 7"
eplied Mrs. Brown. "I suppose you- ;
re an old sailor." "No, indeed," Mrs.
Jmith responded, "I never was on the
cater in my life." Mrs. Brown?
-Boston Transcript.
?
WISE WORDS.
Tomperate anger well becomee the . "
rise.
Reyort is a quick traveler, but not a - v
afe guido.
Learning makes a man fit company
or himself.
It costs more to revenge wrongs than "*
o bear them. >*,'
The wise man never makes the same J*
ilunder twice.
No work is disgraceful; but indolence ijClJ
s disgraceful. ->;?
People's intentions can only be deci- -rE
led from their conduct.
The weak sinews become strong by^ ^
;heir conflict with difliculties.
It is not life to live for one's self ^
ilone. Let us help one another. '.a
Favors of every kind are doubled
jpliftn thev are sneedilv conferred.
A man may live to a good old ageand <
;hen commit the b'ggesc mistake of his
The power to do great things generilly
arises from the willingness to do,
imall things. '^^9
It is a great misfortune not to haW^jl
rit enough to speak well, or judgment ' M
o keep silent.
No one can have fai'ed to observe the
)ower of a true life apon all with whom t
comes in contact.
Do not allow idleness to deceive you, J
or while you give it to-day it steal*
rom you to-morrow. x
ODDITIES.
All the natives of high northern latiudes
are short, measuring little more.
han four feet.
Elephants have been known to live ^
:00 years, and it is supposed whales^
nay live 1,000 years. <
The Druids gathered their sacred $0
nistletoe wilh a gold knife when the
Qoon was Fix days old.
A glass globe full of cold water or. -vg
ven a lump of ice, will in the sun's
ays act as a burning lens.
Thunder can scarcely ever be heard
Qore than twenty or thirty miles from
he flash that produced it.
The door-plates of three houses etandng
side by side in ^Boston read as fol-.
ows : Goodman, Kneel and, Pray.
mi. _ ?* omli'niiHAn nf nnn?r in f.hft
XUtJ lULCOt- r"*"l
doption of paper plates by some of
he great restaurants and cafes in Berin.
The biggest moustache on record is
ho one Michael Angolo cut on his
tatue of Moses. It weighs a ton and a
alf. * -3
A Snake as a T^ethiug Ring. f
Mr. Robert James, who arrived in this
ity yesterday from Chicot county, tells
f a horrifying incident which he stated
as just taken place in that county. A - "?
inner returning at noon from the field,
rhib passing through Hie yard, discovred
his little bov, about a year old, ^
itting near the fence with one end of
"hat seemed to be a leather strap in his
louth, while with both hands ho held
be strap near the middle. Approachig
the father was horrified to find that
bat the child held a snako, and the
nake squirmed, but the little fellow
ulled and closed his mouth as tightly
s though he were trying to bite off the
prpent's head. The father seized the
hild and tore the snake from his hands,
'he snake was of the black species, and
liough not poisonous, might have
'onnd its body around the boy and
lioked him to death. This would seem
) settle the old dispute as to whether
r not a human being's fear of a snako
i innate or the result of education. It
lay have been that the child was teeth
ig and wanted something to bite, and
1 the absence of rubber or a painted
tick adopted the snake as a substitute.
'hose who naturally feel an interest as
3 the fate of the snake, may iest astired
that it was killed.? Memphis
'enn.) Appeal.
Oxen.
The following is the composition of
little boy in tho Bishop Scott Gram- ; ^
lar school, Portland, Oregon, given
erbatim et literatim:
Oxen is a very slow animal. They
re good too break up ground. I wood
ither have horses if they didn't have
olic, which they say is wind collected
l a bunch which makes it dargereser
) keep horses thau oxen. If there
ere no horses people would bavo to ,
'heal their wood in a wheal lnrrow.
t w-od take them two or three diys to
lieal a cord a miie. Cows are useful
x I heard some pcoplo say if they
ad to bo a ox or a cow they wood 4
ooner bo a cow, but I think when it
ame to be milked on a cold winter
lorning, 1 think they wood sooner bo
xen, for oxen don't have to raise
ilves. If I had to bo a ox or a cow, I
cod be a hefi'er, but if 1 could not be
heflcr, and had to be both, I wood
e a ox.
A