The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, June 15, 1881, Image 1
\y .. . . g pf! ' '/"'"I. . ~ ' ? '' mm
ABBEVILLE PRESS AND BANNEl
BY HUGH WILSON AND H. T. WARDLAW. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 15, 1881. NO. 2. VOLUME XXVI. \||
"
The I<!yl or tiic Ilagjjagp Man. 1
With many a curve the trunks I pitch, <
With many a shout anil sally; 1
At station, siding, crossing, switch, i
On mountain gratis or valley. 1
I heave, I push, I sling, 1 loss, {
With vigorous tnleavor;
And nu-n may smile, ami men may grow cross, 1
But 1 slitig my trunks l.nwer
Ever! Ever!
I bust trunks forever. 5
1
The naner trunk from countrv town
I balances amldandlcs; 2
I turn it owe or twice around, (
Ami pull out both the handles. ]
And grumhie over traveling bags * r
And monstrous sample cases, a
But I can smash the maker's brags t
Like plaster paris va?< s ! i
They holler, holler, as I go, 1
But they can't stop me never: c
A trunk won't la.->t forever! 1
Ever! Never! s
r
Ami in and out I wind about, v
And here I smash :i kiester; 1
I turn a grip-sack inside out i
Threo times a day at least, sir; 1
I tug, I jerk, I swear. I sweat, s
I toss the light valises; t
And what's too big to throw, you bet, 1
I'll fire it round in pieces. (
They murmur, murmur, everywhere,
But 1 will heed them never ! *
V/\f u'Aiiion nvinn ?11 1 m/iit cirno ? ^
* v,. ..... .. ... ...... . .... .. amui,
I'll claw then- trunks forever ! '
Ever ! Ever ! (1
I'll bast trunks forever,
I've cowed the preacher with niv wrath. *
I scorn the jud-re's eruiiue;
I've spilled both brief and sermon,
And books, ami socks, and curds, and strings .
Too numerous to mention;
And bubies' clothes and women's things,
Beyond my comprehension,
I've spilled, and scattered, and slung
As far as space eo ;ld sever:
And scatter, scatter, old or young, ^
I'll scatter things forever! c.
Ever! Ever ! ^
Scatter things n: :vtr.
?J!. J, Burdttte.
_ 11
. A LAWYER'S STORY, j'
"I never would convict a man on cir- t
cumstantial evidence if I were a juror? t
never! never!" s
The speaker was a distinguished crim- c
iual lawyer of nearly forty years' active a
practice, and whose farue extended far a
beyond the limits of his own State. s
We had been discussing a recent cause 1;
eetebre in which,-upon purely circum- ^
stantial evidence, a man had been con- t'
vicied of an atrocious murder, although l'
many of those most familiar with the ir- !
cumstances of the case entertained the j ?
gravest doubts about the justice of his s
onnn'nUnn onrl lm Viorl ll?>pn 8X11171 IT nfT I b
WUMVMl'4., "V " " O
iDto eternity protesting Lis absolute in- t'
noeence witli his latest breath, and calling
upon God to send his soul straight- tj
war to perdition if ho were not telling 3
the truth. * s
As most of our party were lawyers d
the conversation naturally enough drift- p
ed into a discussion of the dangers aris- ^
ing from convicting accused persons, a
whose own mouths were closed, upon i1
purely circumstantial evidence, in the
absence of any direct and positive proof w
of gxiilt, and case after case was cited in Cl
nrVii^Vi nf tar pnnnVfmt) nml flVflPllf l'nn. 11
the entiro innocence of the supposed cul- o
prits had been clearly demonstrated. a:
Most of the laymen present agreed with ai
the distinguished lawyer, whose very
positive expression of opinion has been t1
quoted, while the majority of the law- ?
yers contended, with that earnestness for d
which lawyers are noted when advocat- v
ing their own side of any question, that o:
justice could never miscarry when care- u
ful judges guard against the possibility r<
of unsafe verdicts by refusing to permit ai
a conviction except when every link in t]
the chain of circumstantial evidence has ?
been established beyond doubt, and the 1'
whole chain been so perfect and com- tl
plete as to leave no room for any consistent
hypothesis of innocence. tl
" The first murder case I ever tried," "
said one of them, "was stranger thau ?
fiction, a? you will admit, and is quite
as remarkable as any of the cases you i al
have referred to where innocent men i d
havo been wrongfully convicted on circumstantial
evideuce- It ought to 1
bave been reported as an example ot i tl
the unreliability of the direct and pos- ti
itive testimony ot eye-witnesses wno l
tell what they believe to be the truth." h
Ho then related the main points of li
what was certainly a most remarkable tc
and dramatic trial, and which consti- u
tntes a fair offset to some of the mem- oi
orable cases to be found in every work h
on circumstantial evidence. The narrative
produced so strong an impression tl
upon my mind that subsequently, with
his consent, I put it into the following
shape, having first carefully compared d
it with his notes of testimony takea t(
upon the trial of the case. It can be f?
relied upon as absolutely correct, with h
the exception that I have used fictitious
names, for reasons which will readily
bo appreciated when it is known that P
most of the actors in the drama are still h
living.
One winter evening, about 8 si
o'clock, in the early days of the war, tl
in the quiet little town of , while fi
patroling the streets to pick up strag- si
glers from the camp on the outskirts of ai
the town, Corporal Julius Fry was phot
and killed by one of three men of bad tl
character, who were in company and h
upon terms of open enmity with the
soldiers. The men were arrested, com- tl
mitted to prison and brought to trial at ^
the next term of the court. Two of c<
them were gamblers and desperadoes, T
and supposed to have more than once n
had their hands stained with human
blood. The third, whom I shall call y
Short, though beaiing an unenviable y
reputation, was regarded as one unlikely h
to slay a fellow-man, except under Compulsion
of circumstances. On account a'
of the character of the men and the
trouble they had already brought upon n
quiet, law-abiding citizens, the senti- I
rnent of the whole community was! w
strongly against them. I J
In order to clearly understand the j o
force.of the testimony given upon the j i;
trial and the subsequent result it is im- j l
portant to bear in mind the physical pe-1 v
culiarities, dress and general appear-1
ance of each of the three prisoners. 11
Short was a small man of not more j s
than live feet six inches in height, slcn-; h
dtr, weighing scarcely one hundred and ; o
thirty pounds, with bright, fiery red c
hair and side-whiskers, and at the time s
of the murder wore a white felt butane! p
an old light blue army overcoat. o
Ryan was fuilv six feet in height with t
robust frame, with black hair and nms- t
tache, dressed in dark clothes, and wore v
a black Derby hat. \
Grey was a heavy, broad-shouldered
man of medium height, weighing fully s
two hundred pounds, with a full, black j
beard reaching nearly to his waist But e
. as the evidence subsequently showed a
that he had not fired the shot, it is un- I
necessary to describe his appearance \
more minutely. 1
Certainly it is difficult to imagine a
two men more unlike than Short and \
Ryan, or less 1'able to bo mistaken for 1
each other, even by strangers, much j s
less by their acquaintances. There was [ a
no possibility here for a case of mis-; r
taken identity. i \
Short and Ryan were tried together I t
with their consent?Grey having asked a
for and obtained a separate trial?and s
each was defended by sejiarate counsel, t
After the preliminary proof relating r
to the post-morteni examination, tho 1
cause of death md the identification of f
the body of the deceased as the person s
named in the indictment, the common- r
wealth called as its first witness a ?
woman, Mary Bowen. She bore a bad i i
reputation, but nobody questioned her i
purpose to tell, reluctantly, it is true, t
the whole truth. The prisoners were
all her fri nds, and were constant vis- i
itors to the drinking saloon of which (
she was proprietress, She was a! (
woman of powerful physique, almost i
masculino frame, great force of char- (
acter and more than ordinary iutelli- J
gence. ]
* From her tastimony it appeared that I
a colored woman with whom she had i
had Some dispute had hit her on* the 1
lead with a stone and ran, anil tl
:hree prisoners, coming up at tlio ni
uont, started with hor up the street
mrsuifc of the fugitive. Although tl
iight was dark there was snow 011 il
round, ami a gas-lamp near by ga
mflicient light to enable one to recoi
lize a person with ease some feet awa
\fter running about one hundred van
lie pursuers came to the corner of ?
illev and stopped xinder the gas-lam
)eing challenged by the deceased, wl
vas in uniform, in company with one
lis squad. She swore that when tl
orporal called "halt," Short, whom si
lad known intimately for years, r
ilietl, " Go to " and while standii
t her side, so that their elbows we
ouching, both being immediately u
ler the gaslight, he pulled out a piste
>oir>tcd it at the deceased, who was foi
>r live feet from him, and tired and th<
an down the alley, the deceased purs
ng him. She heard" four or live mo
hots tired, and immediately the deeeas*
eturned wounded, and Short disa
>eared. While the shots were beii
ired she saw both It*an and Grey stan
ng at the corner some feet away fro
ler, and after that they separated ar
he went home. It was also proved th
his alley was bounded on either si<
iv liicli fences difficult to climb, and 1<
v o ? /
[own to a stream of water about fif
ect wide ami three or four feet dee
*o traces of footsteps were found in tl
now excej't those of one man leadii
lown into tins stream, and it was <n
[out that the person who had fired Ik
iot climbed either fence, but had wad<
hrougu the stream and disappeared c
he other side.
The next witness was the soldier wl
tood close by the deceased when tl
irst shot was lired, and who, not knoi
tig either of the prisoners, describe
he person who had lired and ran dov
he alley as the man with red hair ar
ide whiskers, dressed in a light-bli
rmy overcoat and white soft hat, ar
ipou being directed to look at tl
liree prisoners immediately identiiic
ihort as the man whom ho had seen c"
lie shooting.
The testimony of these witnesses wi
n nowise shaken upon cross-examin
ion.
Then the sworn ante-mortem stat
lent of the deceased, taken by a magi
rate, was read to the jury. He sai
hat he had known Short personally f<
ome time, but had never had any difl
ulty with him. He fully identified hi:
s the man who had lired the first sh<
nd then ran down the alley, firing 01
hot after another until he fired tl
ist and fatal shot almost in the face <
lie deceased. He also fully describe
lie clothing worn by yiJyjr^sit ha
een described by the'
These were rvli the witness?^
ecurrenee, e.%oept the prisoners then
elves, and, of course, they could n<
e heard. The case against Short seeme
a be as conclusively made out ?
hough a score of witnesses had swor
liat they had seen him do the shootini
4-Krv nn/lrrn r?/M*
I VILLI CI IUU J UU^V, LXXW J Uij uui vaj
pectators entertained the sliglite:
oubt of his guilt, and when tl e con
lonwealth at this point closed its casi
; seemed as though the fatal rope W?
I ready around liis neck and liis escaj
^possible.
Kyau heaved a sigh of relief whic
as audible throughout the who]
ourt-room, for he was safe; there W?
ot one word of testimony against liin
r any circumstance tending to sho
ny previous arrangement or concert (
ction between him and Short.
After a whispered consultation b(
iveen the counsel for the defense, oe
f them rose and moved the court t
ireet the jury to forthwith return
erdict of "not guilty " as to Kyan, i
rder that he might be called as a wi
neb fiw nflioi- lirisfinnr. This xur
jsisted by the district attorney, an
fter lengthy and elaborate argument
ae court decided that it was bound t
rant the motion, and, accordingly
Ivan was declared "not guilty" an
ae verdict recorded.
Then came a scene as dramatic t
iose present as anything ever wi
essed on the stage. Without an
pening speech by fei^rt's counse
[van, in obedience to a ?.od from h:
ttorney, stepped out of the prisoner
ock and into the witness-box, looke
round the court-room, took up t'u
iible and was sworn to tell " the trutl
le whole truth and nothing but tb
nth." Every head was bent forwarc
very ear was on the alert, every ey
xed on the witness?something star!
rig was expected. Would he attemj
) show that Short had done tlie shool
ig in self-defense? Tfiat seemed tii
aly thing possible. But liow could li
e believed in the face of the positiv
istimonv of three witnesses, two c
lem living and in the court-room, on
f them dead?murdered?
Kyan stood for a moment lookin
own, and then slowly lifting his eye
) the bench, in a silence in which tb
tiling of a feather might have bee
card, he said:
" May I ask the court a question ?"
The venerable judge, evidently sui
rised at being interrogated, looked ?
im and said: "Certainly, sir."
" I understand that I am acquitted,
lid Ryan, pausing for a moment an
ien continuing: "I want to kno'
om the court whether anything I ma
iy now can ever be used against me i
av wav ? "
What did he mean ? What need fc
iat question? Everv one looked i
is neighbor inquiringly.
The Hushed face of tlxe judge showe
iat he, at least, understood what
leant?an attempt to swear his guilt
Dmpanion out of the hangman's gras]
lien, in a tone of unmistakable indij
ation, came the answer:
" I am sorry to say, sir, that nothin
on may say now can be used again;
ou; that is* on a trial for murder. Yo
are been acquitted."
Itvan's face grew, pale and then ret
ad he said, slowly aud distinctly:
" It was I who fired all the shotsot
Short."
Most of the faces in the eourt-rooi
ore looks of incredulity; some of it
if/nation at tlm hardennd wiekednes
f the man who had just been declare
nnoeent, and who, by his own stati
.lent, had been guilty of murder, it' 1j
ras not guilty of perjury.
But quietly and calmly, without
remor, as coolly as though he were d<
cribing some trivial occurrence whit
ie had casually witnessed, Ryan wei
n, step by step, detailing all that ha
iccurred, and when he had finished h
tory there was probably not a perse
resent who was not fully convinced n<
'lily that Ryan had told the simp
ruth, but also that he had himself lire
he fatal shot in self-defense, or at lea
inder such circumstances of danger i
could have led any jury to acquit liir
He detailed how he had tired the fir
hot from a small, single-barrel*
>istol in the air without any purpo
xcept to give his challenger a scar
,nd then ran down the alloy, and up<
>eing closely pursued by the deceas<
nth saber drawn and raised to strik
ie was compelled to pull out a revolv
ind lire several shots toward his pursue
rho was rapidly gaining on him, to ke<
limback; and when he had but oi
hot left lie stumbled over a large stoi
,nd fell on his knees, and at M;
uoment the deceased struck at hi
vith the saber, cutting him slightly
he cheek, and, being thus pressed, ]
iined and fired the last shot, wliii
ubsequently proved fatal. He furth
old hov.% upon recovering his feet, ]
an, waded through the st earn, ai
inding that lie had lost his h it when !
ell, retraced his steps, recrossed
itream, found the hat and then went
i hotel, where he was seen by sevei
vitnesses to dry his wet clothing. IJ
nanner, his bearing and his story co
inced his hearers that he was tellii
he truth.
But, ho that nothing might be war
ng if any doubt remained intho min
>f the judge or jury, witnesses of u
loubted veracity were called who cc
oborated him as to the condition of 1
. lothing and the cut on his cheek with
fifteen minutes after the occurren<
Besides, it was shown that, althouj
;he man who had fired had wad
through the stream, Short's clothi
spas perfectly dry.
'#
iie 1 It is unncessary to say that Short was
o- , promptly acquitted ami warmly conin
gratulated on one of the narrowest esae
' capes ever maile by any man in a courtie
i room. Nothing could have saved him
re ! had the court refused to direct the ac
j- ] quittal ot Kvan ana allow mm to tesuiy.
y. j The deceased corporal, the soldier
ils ; and Mary Bo wen were?mistaken. That
in was all there was about it.
p, ; So much for the occasional unrelia10
bility of the direct testimony of honest
of j eye-witnesses.
le And so much, also, for giving the acle
cused an opportunity to be heard on the
e- witness-stand, the denial of which by
ig the law is one of the relics of barbarism
re which still disgraces its administration
n- in some States at this late day.
,1,
ur A Glimpse of Lisbon.
Jn We floated this morning down the
n* Tagus, the glittering panorama of the
r? city unfolding before us. Its houses,
"u built of creamy marble-iiKe stone, terP"
raced the bill-sides, forming a stately
staircase, down which Lisbon stepped
l*' as a queen to the water's edge. We
could not dispute her claim; whatever
lc* city may be ranked first for beauty of
situation, Lisbon can be classed no
lower than second amoug all
Jt* the cities of the globe. Its
^ wonderful atmosphere bathed all
P* with a golden glamour. The tiled
Je fronts of the houses, which, seen nearer,
\S suggest patchwork bedquilt hung out
*1" to air, flashed back the sunshine from
uj their glazed surfaces like so many gems;
dome and cupola, church tower and
m palace facade, outlined themselves in
graceful profile against llio sky, as ex10
quisite as a poet's dream, ami as uiiie
real as some prehistoric legend. We
,VT did not wonder that Camoens attributed
_ its foundation to the first Greek explorer
who rounded the pillars of Hercules:
id
le " Ulysses, ho, though fated to destroy,
l(\ On Asian ground the heaven-built towers of
ie Tro-v>
, On Europe's strand, more grateful to the
skies,
lo He bade the eternal walls of Lisbon rise."
A nearer view of Lisbon's streets, while
iS it dispels in a certain degree thevisiona
niro onfhnntment-, of the distant meture.
brings out details of licver-ceasing ine
terest. Wg spend our days in long
s- walks and drives up and down mounid
tainous streets, that wind aud climb,
5r criss-cross, angle, and lose themselves
!i- in labyrinthine tangles, blind alleys or
m pleasant squares. We wonder alike at
}t the bizarre costumes of the lower classes,
le and the similarity to Americans ?
ie or rather Parisian?styles displayed
Df by the more well-to-do. We
:d saunter along the quays, and
d study fishermen ana Callegos. We
a? i look up at the balconies ^raped
bright rug or gay sliuwl, at the ?Mi
l- colored awnings and windows, where a
)t beautiful face shows against a dark
-1 n t?amunnrifnormn
!U I UUl'h^iUUUU 1AJIU U XlCUi LSluuircoijuu jyuiis
trait. We scan the attractive windows
n of the goldsmiths' shops in the llua
I. Aurea, or jingle along ill the Americano,
le as they christen the open street-car,
it through the Broadway of the city, which
i- leads to the Belem suburb. The peoe,
pie live much upon the street, and
ts it is here that thej are to be studied
>e to the best advantage. The houses
of the poor open to it, and we have
h a full view of the home life from the
le narrow sidewalk. In the more elegant
is quarter the wistaria droops in purple
1, festoons over the balustrades which
w edge the roof, while spots of rosy pink
)f or vivid scarlet tell of blossoming olean
ders or cacti, for the roof of one row of
houses often forms its own garden, or
e that of the houses upon the next tero
race. These hanging gardens reminded
a the eccentric Beckford of places of inn
terment, "as if the deceased inhabit
tants of the palace were sprouting up in
is the shape of prickly-pears, Indian tigs,
d gaudy hollyhocks, and peppery capsi:s
cums."
o Here and there roofs of red semi
?, cylindrical tiles projected over the
d house-fronts, suggesting the fluted
frill of au old lady's cap. Everywhere
o there were sparkling color and dazzling
t- light. Sometimes the tiles on the
y fronts of the houses formed mosaics of
1, gigantic figures, vases of flowers and
is baskets of fruits; now and then, above
s' some rusty lantern, which in Southey's
d time served the double purpose of illue
ruinating the streets and burning in honor
1, of the sacred pictures above them, the
e tiles shaped themselves into Madonnas
I, martyrs in flames, and saints in glory?
e a circumstance which called from the
t- merry poet the bon ?not, " These saints
>t are the most enlightened personages in
t- Lisbon." If the streets of Lisbon were
e dark in Southey's time they have blazed
e with light since the advent of gas; the
e poor saints alone remaiuin the obscurity
n of the Dark Ages.?Harper's Magazine.
e ??
Lemons for Smallpox,
g An Ironton (0.) physician treated
S hims-elf for smallpox with lemon juice,
r> on/7 rnnoi-fc tllf> nV?iflTlfl ns
n follows : I squeezed all tiie juice I possibly
could out of one lemon into the
glass, to which I added about two tar
blespoorss of water, and drank it. I
it then opened the rind and suclted the
balanco of the juice. In about twenty
" miautes I took another lemon, and used
d it in the same manner. In a short time
<v I felt very cold, as if I was lying in close
y proximity i o a large mass of snow or ice.
n My pulse had dropped to sixty. 1 shut
my eyes to see if the unpleasant visions
>r were gone. I not only found they were
it gone, but by placing my hand upon my
head, I found the pox on my head had
d gone also. My head was bathed with
it grumousJikc fluid which had exuded
y j from the pox. It stained the napkin I
x I ha l applied to wipe it oil". It seemed
I as if each had given up its contents and
I wilted down to a level with the surface,
g | The same had taken place with those
it , upon my face. My board was glued toil
| aether with the same kind of fluid,
j Those upon my neck had not bunted,
i, i uut nau. siirunK away ana uimmisneu m
| size considerably. I laid down and slept
- two hours comfortably. I awoke, I
presume, from cold, although I had
n plenty of cover over me and the lire was
i- still burning in the grate. I felt so well
js pleased that I took a little more lemon
d juice. I kept my pulse at from sixty to
3- ! sixty-seven for thirty-s:x hours, when all
ie eruptions and cievations had disapI
peired from my skin. I then bid good_
! i? i???
u j tu 1U111U1I JU1UU illiu r>iuiiixj/is,x.
a- j strongly am I convinced in the power of
h lemon juicc to abort any and every ease
it j of smallpox, if administered as I ad,d
ministered it to myself, that I look upon
is it as a specific of as much certainty and
m power iu smallpox as quinine is in init
i termittent fever. I therefore publish
le my experiment, hoping every physician
d having a case of smallpox will give it a
st | fair trial and report the result to me.
is ?
n. | Deeds of Peculiar Atrocity,
st i There occurred on Saturday and
;d | Sunday nights, pays a recent issue of
se the New York Krenhtg Post, two epie,
. sodes so peculiarly shocking that the
)n heart almost stands still in the pres;d
' ence of their atrocity and horror. Pate,
rick Qninlan, an umbrella maker, shot
er : his mother last night in the head and
r, ! arm with a revolver. She is likely to
3p die, and thus to atone for her offense
ne | against her son, which was that of rene
fusing to give him money with which
lis ; to buy drink. A similar, if less frightm
ful, crime was that of Rossi Smith, who
in on Saturday night broke her mother's
lie leg with a chair because she interfered
i*h to prevent the dutiful daughter from
er assaulting her father. AVe have unhaptio
pily seen of late years to.i nuny proofs
id of a weakening sense of the obligation
lie to honor their fathers and mothers, or,
lie indeed, anybody or anything else on
to the part of the younger members of the
id community, and that, it may be added,
[is in no one social grade. But that such
n- impiety should go the length of the inag
tliction of grievous bodily hurt, and,
yet further, to assassination, seems allt
most incredible. One cannot well read
ds ' of such things without wishing to fol.n
low the familiar-precedent of old llome.
)r- This was furnished at a time when 110
lis punishment was s;?t down in the statin
! utes for the crimo of parricide. Such
:e. I a crime was deemed impossible. Bud
gh i when at last a miscreant appeared who
ad | was capable cf committing it, he was
ng forthwith sewn up in a saikand pitched
i into the Tiber. ,
|FARM, GARDEN AM) HOUSEHOLD
Clover nml Rye for IIohm,
! In my experience, says a writer, I have |
found nothing bo profitable for hog j
pasture as clover and rve, and I think
rye preferable, and the reason they are
better than timothy, bine grass aud all
j similar grasses is they remain more
j tender for a longer period than other
j grasses, which so soon become wiry and
| hard, partaking of the nature of hay,
| and I have never known hogs to thrive
I on it, although other stock does. To
I use rye profitable for pasture fali rye
I ..t K- t nnofum nn,l
H11UU1U UtJ OUWU 1U1 Oj'UU^
spring rye for later pasture, and by not
pasturing too long and too close 'there
will be considerable head out, jwhich
when ripe will,with the weeds that naturally
grow among grain, make;good pasture
| until time to commence feeding corn,
I at least such is my experience. As to
j using any of the grasses for hog pasturo,
II would prefer a weed pasture, and I
I will hero say that I am of opinion if
some of the weeds so eagerly eaten by
hogs wero domesticated and properly
cultivated they would prove more satisfactory
for hog pasture than anything
used of grass kind.
Wlmt Size Trc-en to liny.
Purchasers of trees often mane the
mistake of supposing that the larger the
tree bought the greater the gain. Nuri
serymen, who of all men should know
! as toithis, say that there is absolutely
j nothing gained by buying large trees.
! This applies, of course, in a general
sense. If a tree could be removed
every few years, so as to have an abundance
of fibrous, or small roots, there
would bo no check on removal, and such
a tree would never become too large to
move profitably. The general run of
trees are not treated thus, and so the
larger the tree the less likely is it to
have many roots, and as a conseq\ience
the ti'fi: must either be pruned back severely,
or let alone to make a weak
growth, and perhaps die. The best
way is to get a medium tree, treat it
we'll, and it will give far more satisfaction
than a large one would have done,
without much doubt.
wnron crtiM.
Let the war on weeds begin early and
keep it up without cessation. Whenever
there is the shadow of a chance
weeds assert themselves, and if not
quickly subdued eoon monopolize pastures,
meadows, fields and gardens.
A sovereign remedy for most weeds
is thorough cultivation. A weedy field
planted to com and cultivated early and
late, especially early, for a season or
two, will generally lose even tho toughest
characters among extraneous
Marp-toothed cultivator
much, and where this
s will finish the rest,
practicable to place
slds under continued
i may be accomplished I
by digging noxious growths up by the
roots, mowing them down repeatedly or
smothering them out, according as they
propagate from seed, root, or from both.
To carry on the war intelligently farmers
must know somewhat of the nature
and growth of tho weeds. "White daisies,
one of the worst pests meadows have to
contend with, spread from both root and
seed; they should be dug out, there
fore, before the blossom matures, that
the seed crop for that year may be
destroyed as well as the germ
which produces the stem and
blossom the next. This, by the
way, is most readily accomplished
when the ground is soft from recent
ruin. The Bame may bo said of the
iron-weed that is of similar habit.
Burdocks will finally succumb to repeated
cuttings provided they are cut
three or four inches under the surface.
Elders and briers may in time be overcome
by repeated mowings and then
nocf.nrinff with Milkweed can
*~o ""? X' - ?
be exterminated by continued cuttings,
never allowing tlie plant to show long
above ground. Plantain, if not permitted
to mature its seed for two years,
will die out. May and August are fitting
months in which to mow such
weeds as succumb from loss of leaves.
The Canada thistle is perhaps most
quickly checked by the rank growth of
some field crop which overtops it and
smothers it out. Great care should be
exercised to prevent all classes of weeds
from forming their seed. ?New York
World.
Culture of Celerv.
Celery needs rich, friable, deep soil,
and much moisture. It is very impatient
of any check. The best of treatment
will not restore plants that have
been once stunted to a condition of
free, tender growth until much time
has been lost, and the season probably
passed. It grows very slowly at first,
and does not endure transplanting well
when large. So, as it must have the
whole season in order to attain large
size?growing best when the air is
rather cool and humid?it is customary
to sow the seed in a small bed or frame
in May, to set the plants out, four
inches apart, as soon as they can be
handled, and then lifting them t<? their
final rows, where they must be much
further apart, in ground that has been
well manured for some such early crop
as potatoes, onions, or peas. The hot
weather which ripens these also stops
the growth of the celery. During this
partial rest?in July?the celery plants
can be lifted each with a good ball, or
else carried with the roots in water or
otherwise moist; and then, if set neatly
and rapidly, and watered freely, they
will grow on without drooping, and the
barbarous practice of covering them
completely dark witli boards need not
be resorted to. If there are slugs is
the soil, set bran to attract them to
their death, or keep the surface rough
and dusty, impassable to them by frequent
strewing of sifted dry coal ashes
or charred rubbish.
*- ?- ? at _ i ?i., , ?
ill growing me iur^u bui w moic io
much advantage in setting them*iii compact
rows?generally a double row,
plants six inches apart?in the bottom
of a narrow t.-encli. Here they have
cooler and moister air through August,
and when the stems are largo enough to
be earthed up in order to blanch them
it is done with less earth and labor. But
the soil must be deep and rich, for it is
absolutely necessary that the roots have
prime soil to extend into. Fine friable
soil or sifted ashes is necessary for the
earthing up. It must only surround the
stems, and not come in the way of the
new leaves shooting up out of ti e central
plumule. Little rings of tin, of
two or three inches diameter for medium
sized sorts, are convenient to hold
the stems erect; for they naturally incline
to spread, and are apt to break if
bent much. The rings guide them upward,
and are easily slipped higher
when earthing, saving time and trouble.
The earthing should be deferred until a
good growth has been made, yet it
must be done while there is yet two or
three weeks of September or October
growth, as neither tin leaves nor the
stems whiten merely by being kept in
the dark?warm and growth are requisite
for it. Celery stored in a dark
cellar at a low temperature
(just above freezing) will come
out with the leaves of as fine a green
I as wheu put in, and stems equally unchanged.
A grower on a large scale
I keeps his celery by leaving the middle
of three or five rows staud in place,
ridged up. The rows on each side are
I dug about November 1, and the plants
| set leaning against the ridge of the
I middle row, with tops down. The whole
j is covered with soil. Manure or straw
j is added before December, and boards
j may cover all. The plants dug and rc'
versed come out with leaves green and
stems entire?in better ordei than the
j row left in place, in which there may
j be, here and there, a plant touched
j with rot. Although celery wants much
j moisture while growing, it cannot en:
dure wet while in its winter sleep, either
I either about the feet or head.?Nmr
I 1 ork Tribune.
Ittcl J?C'M.
AsparagusOmeiiKt.?Boil two pounds
j of tender, fresh-cut asparagus in very
, little water, with a small portion of salt,
| or, what is better still, ste.im the asparj
agus without water until it is tender
I chop it very fine, mix it with the yolks
of five, ar.d whites of three, well-beaten
eggs, and two tablespoonfuls of swcc:
cream, fry anil serve quite hot.
Ghekn Pea Son*.?Put two quarts of
green peas with four quarts of water,
boil for two hours, keeping the steam
waste supplied by fresh boiling water?
then strain them from the liquor, re
turn that to the pot, rub the pens
through a sieve, chop an onion fine, and
a small sprig of mint, let it boil ten
minutes, then stir a tablespoonfu! of
flour into two of butter, and pepper and
salt to taste, stir it smoothly in*o the
boiling soup. Serve with well-buttcicd
sippets of toasted bread.
Apple Jelly.?Make a syrup of a
pound of sugar, putting in sulficient
water to dissolve it. When boiled e nough
lay in it the peeled und cored halves
of some large sour apples. Let them
simmer till tender, then lay them carefully
in a dish so that they will remain
unbroken and in good shape. Add another
pound of augar to the syrup, let
it boil, skim it and when partly cool
pour it over the apples. When the dish
gets cold each dainty piece of apple
will be surrounded by a delicious jelly.
Eat with cream.
Strawberry Custard.?Make a nice
boiled custard of a quart of tmilk and j
tilt; \Ulti.fi ui ii\u e&ga pupcuj oncuiencd.
Boil in a double kettle till it
thickens to the right consistency; take
it ofl' the fire and put in the flavoring.
Tako a gill of sugar and a pint of ripe 1
hemes; crush them together and pass
through a fine strainer. Take the whites
of four of the eggs, and while beating
them to a stiff froth add a gill of sugar,
a little at a time. "Then to the sugar
and eggs add the sweetened strawberry
juice, beating all the while to keep it
stiff. This makes a beautiful pink
float, which is to be placed on top of
the custarl.
Quaker Omelet.?A quaker omelet
is a handsome and sure dish when care
is taken iu the preparation. Throe eggs,
half a cup of milk, one and a half table/vP
/ ??? An A InnonnAn
Will UI.-5 UJ. WXU uuu kwuo|/uuufill
of salt, one tablespoonftd of butter.
Put the omelette pan and a cover that
will fit close on to heat. Beat the yolks
of the eggs, the corn starch and the salt
very well together. Beat the whites to
a stiff froth, add to the well-beaten yolks
and corn starch. Stir all together very
thoroughly, then add the milk. Now
put the butter in the hot pao; and when
melted pour in the mixture, cover and
pla?e on the stove where it will brown
but i>ot burn. Cook about seven minutes,
fold, turn on a hot dish and serve
with the cream sauce.
The City of Tunis. _
An Italian proverb says, " Sec Naple3
and then die," and there is also an
Arabian saying to the same effect as
regards Tunis; but to the European
traveler the Mohammedan city, with its
mosquos, its minarets, its huge pr.lrns
and fig trees, and, above all, tbe great
fortress that dominates its site, will
always be preferred. Unfortunately,,
on landing the pleasing illusion is
ev>on/Iili7 nrwl tlinf ?*1iir*li fmnpfirpil
.VUV, -1-1
from afar as a succession of fine streets
and princely residencss is found to be a
labyrinth of small lanes, the buildings
generally in a wretched state of dilapidation
and the narrow roadways filthy.in
the extreme. Evidently there has never
been any recognized plan in its construction,
but of late years, especially since
the occupation of Algeria by the French,
the influence of European residents has
resulted in ameliorating and beautifying
some of the open sites with which the
city is studded, but which are mostly
dedicated to cemeteries and to the ruins
of palaces and strongholds that mark
the salient history of Tunis since its
foundation in the birth of our civilization.
The city may be divided into
three parts, respectively devoted to the
Europeans, the Arabs and the Jews.
The square in which ia situated the Exchange
presents a fine appearance, being
built with some semblance of regularity,
and containing the abode3 of
the consuls and rich foreign residents.
This quarter assumes the liveliest and
most picturesque appearance during the j
l.i fir I1/-1MTQ nf flirt /lnT7 wllfin Avn.lv
Moor, Turk, Frank and Jew meet in [
this, the principal mart of the northern |
coast of Africa, where are to bo found
all the products of this magnificent but
as yet poorly explored continent.
The upper part of the city, forming
a species of amphitheater, is inhabited
by the Mussulmans, and on the summit
is the Knslah or citadel, which is |
justly celebrated for its Oriental magnificence,
the approaches being embellished
with massive Roman and Saraconic
ruins, with fountains shaded by
marble porticos wrought with the most
intricate and elaborate devices, with
the upper spaces studded with palm
and other tropical trees. Tho citadel
itself must have formed c. redoubtable
stronghold during the middle ages, but
with modern artillery its heavy enibattlements
could be breached in a few
hours. It contains many monuments
dedicated to tho kings of Tunis, some
huge towers on which are cut various '
texts from the koran, and an armory [
dating from the time of Charles
Y., of Spain, containing a most
valuable collection of military trophies.
There is also an arsenal, !
a powder manufactory, aud depots for j
provisions and supplies; indeed, the j
citadel is almost a complete city of *
itself, with its arcades, its galleries, its j
vaults and subterranean passages, in |
which, without a guide, it would be as I
easy to lose one's way as in the cata- j
combs of Home. From the ramparts j
is a most maguiticent view, but the chief
tlir ovfl l'v flirt llPv'fi TialllCP. I
the Darel-bey, which is justly considered
as the finest type yet extant of
the Moresque style of architecture, and
superior even to the Alhambra in the
beauty of its lace-like ornamentation
and the brilliancy of the colored marble
with which it is chiefly adorned. This |
superb building shows in all its purlieus j
that strange mingling of misery and j
magnificence that since the days of;
" Haroun-Al-Raschid" and the " Thousand
and One Nights" appears to l>e
inevitable in all oriental palaces not subject
to European rule.?S<ni Francisco
Chronicle.
Ai'twuus Ward's Donkey Valve.
A onvfrt?r>nn<lnnfc of the Portland
Press relates this humorous anecdote of
Artemus Ward: llulf a dozen of his
associates were sitting one day in his
room at the village hotel where he
boarded, when an old woman drove up
to the store opposite with a pair of
donkeys?a Jack and Jenny?hitched to
a li tie wngon. Jack was the noisiest
brute in the country. He had a voice
worse than the handle of tho town
puuip on a frosty morning, and was
proud of it. In a minute bis- tail rose I
to a horizontal, his nose was thrust for- !
ward, his lips parted and the beast bh w
his dreadful blast. A second and a third
time it was repeated. Artemus quietly
thonght " that thing might be fixed,"
and disappeared from the room, lie
went over and appeared to make a careful
inspection of the forewlieels of a
wagon, the harness and the hitclmp, and i
came back saying that tho donkey was j
all right; tho brute must have made a j
mistake about something. Presently
there were indications of a movementj
on Jack's part; the neck was extended, j
the lips curled and tho tail rose ?to the
pivotal point, and no further. The
trumpet didn't sound. Jack thought
there was a mistake somewhere?
hesitated?reflected?and tried again.
The front part, some of it, was all
right; but tho equilibrium could j
not be reached. After a time an- j
other attempt was made and failed, i
Jack turned his head round to ascertain
the cause of the failure, but couldn't
see any. The fifth vain attempt to bray
was followed by a spiteful kick at Jenny;
but it didn't cure the matter. At last
he gave it up and stood at that store
door the most dejected-looking, discontented
donkey in existence. Meantime
Arlemus enjoyed the fun and discharged
a rattling fusilade of pungent humor
that kept the party in a roar, aud made
the whole a flair one of the most ludicrous
that I ever experienced. Artemus
had attached a heavy stone to tli6 donkey's
tail, leaving just play enough to
tho cc-id to allow the beast to get his
tail nearly up to " concert pitch."
FACTS A VI) COMMENTS.
| The czar of Russia rules over an undermined
empire, and occasionally some
portion of the explosive elements, crop!
ping out. of the surface, is observed.
1 This is the real significance of the incident
of the other day, when a mine ol
gunpowder was found under a stone
j bridge at a steamer lauding in St.
Petersburg. The arrest of a couple oi
naval lieutenants at (Jronstadt tor anI
stracting dynamite from the imperial
j stores only shows how slight a hold the
j czar has on his own picked officers.
I The assize court at Heilbronn, in
! Wurtemberg, had lately before it a case
j which is probably unique in criminal
annals. A laborer, who was laid up
| with a broken leg, was charged with
embezzlement and was summoned to
appear before the judge d'instruction.
Overwhelmed with the disgrace, perhaps
unable to exculpate himself, he ordered
his son to hang him. The son, who was
also a laborer, obeyed his father's wish,
and carried him to the house loft, where
he hung him effectively from one of the
beams. The court sentenced the son to
imprisonment for three years and nine
Some of the Nihilists, who are known
as " Federalists," have drawn up a
scheme of reorganization which they
propose to bring forward after the destruction
of the present political regime.
According to this scheme Russia would
be split up into a number of small free
states, which would only be connected
with each other by a congress and a
president, like the United States of
America. Small and self-governing
states are, they say, the primitive forms
of Russian political life; it was only
Ivan the Terrible and his successor who,
with the help of the Tartars, created
the present centralized and autocratic
empire. Such a scheme would, it is believed,
find favor with many members oi
the constitutional party, who feel the
difficulty of governing a nation of 80,000,000
of people by a single central
parliament, and also with some of the
" old Russians," who dream of establishing,
in opposition to the civilization of
tlin "West,, an imnroved civilization based
on the institutions of ancient llussia.
In the Nineteenth Century Mrs. Bun
advocates a reform in dealing with the
problem of crime which deserves careful
consideration and which will commend
itself to common sense on this
side of the Atlantic as well as on the
other. She points out the fact which
both moralists and novelists have emphasized
before this, that the seeds ol
crime are sown in young hearts before
boys and girls have reached their teens,
and that to leave little children to grow
up under circumstances which almost
drive them into pilfering and then punish
them because they become thieves
is at once an injustice and a folly. She
proposes to cut off the supply of our
prisons, and eveif tff-8ttr- refQnn schools,
by putting the street Arabs under" ten
years of age into homes no one of which
should contain more than fifty or sixty
cliildrcn. who should bo under the
charge of carefully-instructed matrons,
and should be clothed, fed and properly
trained, and eventually provided with
places where a healthful and productive
industry would become possible for
them.
" There is a new kind of fiend in existence,"
said a postoliice detective to a
correspondent of the Philadelphia Uncord,
" the postal card fiend, who came
into existence with that species of epistolary
effusion. The nuisance is a much
greater one than you can imagine. No
one who is not connected with the service
can imagine the number of scurrilous
cards sent .out. Ladies come to us
?some of them belonging to the first
f.imilioii nf nnr r.it.v?vlin nrfl nlmnsfc
heartbroken over the open missives they
liave received. They do not want to
exposo the matter?often it is the result
of some family foud?and so all we
can do is to stop the cards here, while
the villain is allowed to go free. I
have heard of a case lately where a
young wife was assailed in reputation
by a former lover?rejected of course?
who kept just within the boundary of
the law. The insinuating language was
sufficiently veiled to keep the young
husband uneasy, while it ate deep into
the young bride's heart. It will kill
her, as she is dying slowly of the inward
wound. Of course ten years in
prison would be light punishment for
such a fiend, but these people always
calculate on an unwillingness to prosecute
on account of fears of publicity."
An illustration of the value of revaccination
is afforded by a report just fur
nished by the cmet metucai otncer 01
tbo general postoflice in England. This
report relates to an average number of
10,504 persons employed in the postal
service in London, ail of whom have
been required to undergo revaccination
on admission to the service, unless that
operation has been performed within
seven years previously. Among these
persons, during the ten years 1870-1879,
there has not been a single fatal case of
smallpox, and in only ten instances
have there been non-fatal attacks, all of
which were of a very slight character.
In the telegraph department, where the
enforcement of revaccination has not
been carried out with quite the same
completeness, twelve cases have occurrjd
in the same period among a staff
averaging 1,458 in number. Eight of
these attacks were of persons who had
not been revaccinated, and one proved
fatal. The remaining four were of revaccinated
persons, who all perfectly
recovered without pitting. This experience,
like that of the nurses at the smallpox
hospitals, seems to show that revaccinated
persons enjoy absolute immunity
from severe attacks of smallpox
1- . * .12,.
ami mat tneir hsk 01 caiumug mm ui?ease
at all, even in its most modilied
form, is infinitesimal.
Homeliest Man in the World.
Of a Chinese dwarf who arrived recently
in New York, a Herald reporter
says: Che-Mali, who is celebrated as the
homeliest man extant, is a native of
Ningpo, China, where he was born
forty-fonr years ago. His exact height
is two feet, which leaves a difference
between himself and his fellow-countryman,
Chang, of exactly seventy-two
inches?of course in the latter's i'uvor.
For some eight months these two whims
of nature traveled through Europe together,
drawing large crowds wherever
they went. This is the dwarf's first
visit to America. To look at he is a remarkable
specimen of human nature,
and, judging by his face and hair, has
more the appearance of a Japanese than
a Chinaman. He grows a thick goatee
and well cultivated mustache. The top
of his head is somewhat bold, but it is
well fringed by long, jet black hair. His
face is round and full and his eyes betoken
determination. Both his hands
and feet are small even for so diminutive
a person. Under the armpits and
cross the chest ho measures within a
fraction of his height, while a No. 5
hat tits him loosely and his boots
measure barely five inches in length.
The length of his legs is eleven inches.
The " Drummer " System.
At a recent meeting of tho Leeds
Industrial Co-operative society, the
largest in the world, having a membership
of 18,000, to consider whether
the society should join tho wholesale
society, one of the delegates said
" he had been told by a gentleman who
had reliable information upon the
point, that there were no fewer than
10,000 commercial travelers in tho
United Kingdom, and that tho railway
fares, hotel and other expenses of
these men averaged 850 each per
week. That meant that there was a
sum of 85,000,000 a week paid to people
for going about the country to tell
people where certain articles are made,
and persuading people to buy them.
Rothschild, one of| Lord Beaconsfield's
executors, says he has evidence
that before he died Beaconsfield returned
to the . ^wiahjaitli.
HEALTH HINTS.
Cornsilk is said to be ail efficient
, and powerful remedy for d opsy, blad'
der troubles and diseases of the kidneys.
The Louisville Medical Neirs gives an
account of the medical properties of
nnrncillr nil/1 tlio onrM til (if. Vtavfi hfiflTl
( effected by its use. The way to use it
is to' take two double-handfuls of fresh
cornsilk and boil in two gallons of
wator until but a gallon remains. Add
^ sugar to make a syrup. Drink a tum,
bier of this thrice daily, and it will relieve
dropsy by increasing the flow of
the urine most enormously. Other diseases
of the bladder and kidneys are
1 benefited by the remedy, which is |
| prompt, efficient and grateful to the
1 stomach. The treatment can be con*
tinned for months without danger or ,
1 inconvenience, \
A foreign physician T?ho has devoted
j considerable time and study to the sub
ject, furnishes tlie following recijie for
| inducing clearness of complexion : One
ounce of honey, three ounces of ground
, bai ley, and the white of an egg mixed to
| a paste, and spread thickly over the
| face before retiring. In the morning it
is to be washed off with warm water, ;
wetting the surface with a sponge and
letting it soften first. This application \
is to be repeated each night until the <
skin becomes fine and soft. In addition
a daily bath in tepid water, followed <
with vigorous nibbing, is advised. This
recipe is probably as good as any, and
has the merit of being quite simple and
harmless. If you are going to try only
a part of this recipe, take the bath and
the nibbing.
; To prevent hair from falling out or
turning grey, take a teacupful of dried
sage, and boil it in a quart of soft water
| for twenty minutes. Strain it off and add
a ]>itce of borax the size of an English
walnut; pulverize the borax. Put the
sage tea, when cool, into a quart bottle;
; add the borax; shake well together, and
, keep in a cool place. Brash the hair
thoroughly and rub the wash well on
1 ti e head with the hand. Then after a
^aa/1 Uav/1 viiiV\1\1 nr* f 1?n lioiv TOaII
(?UUll UUIU lUUUllljj, yjl uou uuc limi. nsu
before a fire so it will become dry.
\ The following is said to be a remedy
I for weak or sore eyes: Get a five-cent
cake of elder flowers at the druggist's
and steep in one gill of soft water. It
must be steeped in bright tin or earthenware.
Strain nicely, and add three
drops of laudanum ; bottle it tight and
1 keep in a cool place. Use as a wash,
' letting some of it. get into the eyes.
' Follow this, and relief is certain. If the
1 eyes are painful or much sore, make
1 small, soft compresses, wet them in the
1 mixture and bind over the eyes at night.
; I can warrant the above as harmless
and sure, having tried it in a number o
1 cases where other skill and remedies
had utterly failed. If the eyes u*"
badly inflamed, use it very freely. A
1 tea made of elder flowers and drank,
will help to cleanse the blood. Pure
rock salt and water will strengthen your
| eyes if you bathe them daily in it.
Florida's Everglades.
~ -- -.Governor Bloxham, of Florida, hasbeen
city for several days, and
huo received*1"iT^gAod^deal of attention
from capitalists interesteThicKliis State.
The governor met a Press reporfweour
teously, and was questioned in reference
to the scheme of Philadelphia capital1
ists to drain the Everglades.
"What effect," asked the reporter,
" will the drainage of the Everglades
have on the future of the State of Florida?"
, ' "It will give to the State an immense
area of territory for settlement which is
now useless, and will open up the finest,^
region of tropical Florida. This will
have the effect of increasing the population
and the wealth of the State."
"What is the nature of the land
which it is proposed to reclaim ?"
" A large portion of it is a rich alluvial
soil, capable of producing sugar,
jute, etc., and every tropical and semitroniwil
fruit. T,a.rrrpt nortinns of the
country are very well adapted to the
raising of sugar. Cane grows to per- 1
fection, and only requires planting once
in eight- or ten years. You probably 1
know that in far Southern latitudes 1
sugar cane sprouts without replanting; I
we call it' ratooning,' that is, growing 1
from the roots of the former crops. All
a planter has to do is to cultivate his
ground and the cane springs up without 1
any further attention on his part. This
saves him not only a good deal of labor,
but a large exponse for the seed. All
of the sugar-caije-growing land which
will bo reclaimed by the drainage of the ;
Everglades will be of this description." '
"As to the question of the feasibility :
of the plan. Is that settled ?
"Yes. Competent engineers, both in
the government service and those 1
employed i>y ttie Jfiniaaeipma company,
have fully demonstrated the feasibility
of the drainage of a large portion of the
country around Lake Okeechobee, variously
estimated at. from siven to twelve
millions of acres. This land will be
very valuable. On the Upper Caloosahatchee
are some of the most productive
lands in the State, and these will bo reclaimed
by the Philadelphia company."
" How do the people of tho Stuto regard
the enterprise V "
j t," Most favorably. We want emigration
and capital, come from whatever
source it may. We give the Northern
emigrants a hearty welcome and look
1_ i- ii ;4.?i
lurgeij iu tut; uupum ui mo xwiuix ivx
the development of the State. The Philadelphia
capitalists engaged in the matter
of draining the Everglades have
shown great energy and pluck, and I
have every confidence that they will put
the scheme through to the great benefit 1
of the State and to their own profit."
"\yill there be any question about J
the title of the Philadelphia company ,
to their portion of the reclaimed lands?" 1
"None whatever. This laud was given
to the State for the purposes of drain- J
age and reclamation by the United
States, and the board of trustees of what
is known as the International Improvement
fund, have absolute and undisputed
right to make the contract which
has been made with the Philadelphia
company. Under that contract the
company receives one-half of all the 1
laud reclaimed, and there can be no 1
possible question raised as to the title."
j ?Philadelphia Press. , ,
1h Dnnlo <
l'viiiiuu iJArtiiiiuu.i us uu^iui
Sophia Perofskaja is the iirst woman
ever judicially hanged in Russia, and,
in fact, the only woman executed in the
czar's dominions since 1719, in which
year a governess named Mary Hamilton
had her head publicly cut off?proba- ,
bly with a sword - at St. Petersburg, (
for having made away with her three ]
illegitimate children. Twenty-live {
years after that event Elizabeth, (
daughter of Peter the Great, abolished
the punishment of death, and it. has (
never been reintroduced into the Rus- ,
sian criminal code since. Hence, y
when any one commits a more than ]
1 usually atrocious crime in Russia, in t
order that the death punishment may y
be awarded, the criminal must be tried (
by a military tribunal, as was done in ,
the case of all the Nihilists who have ,
been tried during the last three years, ;
or else by a special high court of jus- ]
tice like the courts which tried Solovieff |
for tiring at the late czar in St. Peters- ]
burg (April, 1879), and the persons who ]
ultimately succeeded in taking his life, i
Making Charcoal.
The manner of making charcoal is i
| everywhere the same and is described <
I as follows: A convenient spot in the 1
j midst of a timber forest is selected, and j
; a compact conical shaped mound, about 1
nine feet high, is formed of two lengths :
of wood placed perpendicular with an i
I inclination to the center. The pile is then :
j covered with several inches ot sod and i
loam and made perfectly air-tig!it. Fire
| is introduced through air holes made 1
j around the base of the mound, and
allowed to smolder for twenty days, or
until all watery matter has been expelled
by heat. During the process of combustion
constant watchfulness and care are
necessary to prevent the admission of air
enough to ignite the wood. The result
of the burning of six cords of wood is
100 to 150 bushels of charcoal. Dead
timber, caused by forest fires or age,
will not make charcoal.
Waste Forces.
How to apply and economize the
waste forces of the world are the problems
which scientists and mechanicians
are constantly trying to solve. It is an
undisputed fact that the moqfc powerful
natural agents have ."ltogether escaped,
or but reluctantly succumbed to, the
guiding hand of man.
The force the younf men spend in
twirling their canes listlessly in the
air, if seized upon and concentrated,
would turn all the grindstones in the
world, but it would not necessarily
sharpen the wits of the cane twirlers.
The amount of breath blown through
the lips of the world's whistlers, exclusive
of that which shapes itself into a
tune, would make a continuous tradewind
that would send all the shipping
of this country, including the navy,
around the world and back.
If the quick, jerky motion the young
men affect when tipping their hats to
their lady acquaintances could bo utilized,
it would furnish power for a catapault
that would send every circus performer
in the country clean through the
canvas in search of a $200 prize comet.
The time wasted by young ladies in
preparing their toilets that they may
make a sensation on the street, would
give three days extra " grace" to every
outstanding Aiuuiiuy iu me wuriu*
The smoke from cigars, pipes and
cigarettes that is now all mingled with
the atmosphere to its gTeat detriment,
if condensed and nsed would smoke all
the bacon Chicago and Cincinnati cure.
The morning " chin music" over
kindling the fire, which always results
in an unpleasant, cross breakfast, could
be attuned into one grand anthem of
discord that would establish shouting
communication with the moon.
The steady rise and fall of the maternal
hand upon youug hopefuls of the
land, all wasted, would furnish atrip
hammer with force enough to forge an
axle on which the world might turn.
The gentle swaying to and fro of
the fan by the women of the world, if
harnessed into one grand hurricane,
would set every windmill in creation
wiinwirk/v rt lltrnlw voffl fliof Q11 fVl Q
1 UUJLUii^ UU OUVU at I VIJf AUtv i/umvum vuv
corn and wheat could be ground into
flour by them.
The turning of the gates on their
hinges as Arabella and Augustus fondly
lean upon them, would furnish power
enough to saw all the wood in the
country. This doesn't say that Augustus
had better be sawing wood, but we
think he had.
The burning of needless gas and
kerosene, even though burned low, for
the benefit of our courting population,
is an awful waste. If it could be concentrated
into one grand caloric furnace
it would boil all the potatoes and
roast all the meat that a world could eat
at a picnic.
The continual stream of beer, gin
and whisky that is pouring down the
throats of our young men, would turn
all the water wheels in creation, and we
are not sure but it would, if applied to
the Keely motor, start the solar system
along at a more rapid rate.
This list of waste forces could be extended
without limit. We only dropped
these few hints in order to give a practical
turn to the mind of those thoughtless
individuals who are, for the most
part, responsible for the great waste of
parcel that is going on in the world.
Ifyou lriiligine that you were placed in
the world for~"BQ? purpose whatever,
look out for the wa&t$ forces, and get
about the business of ybU?Jife in ?&n
earnest manner; the quicker the tetter.
?New Haven Ji agister. .
Naming Her Baby.
the Bay City train the other day
was a'tf^man with a baby about eight
months olcf,'and in tlid- 26*1 seat back
was an old man who couldn't sic?stilly
until he had said:
" That's a baby you have there, isn't
it V"
'Yes, sir."
"About a veer old, isn't he?"
"Mercy, no! He's hardly eight
months old yet!"
" Twii'f oli 9 Woll T'm tlifl frtthftr nf
nine children, but it's been so long
since I've seen a baby that I've forgotten
how they ought to look. Is he
i girl?"
"No, sir; he's a boy."
" Jast me, agin. I never can tell
one from t'other. Is he purty healthy ?"
"Oh, yes."
"Squall much nights?"
"Never squalls at all."
"Don't, eh? That's the kind of a
young 'un I like to see around. My
Samuel din nothing but howl for the
first two years, Sarah was alius sick,
Moses fell out of the cradle and broke
bis arm, and something or other alius
r?-i1r\/3 Arnvr r\f flm Inf. TTO TTQ VAT!
AUUU DTCiJ VUU VA tiiV AW Hi ^Xitrv vv?
name J this babv yet ?"
"No, sir."
"Haven't, eh! Say?"
" Yes, sir."
" 'Sposen you call him arter me? My
fust name is Jefferson, and they Jeff me
for short. I've got two ?10 gold pieces
here for him if you want to call hi 31
Jefferson.1'
"I'll do it!" promptly replied the
woman.
' That's business. Here's the cash
and the boy is named Jefferson, arter
me. Lemme kiss him about four
times."
The baby was duly kissed aid congratulated,'and
at the next station he
left the train with his mother. The old
man was tickled half to death over the
matter, until the conductor came along
ind asked:
" Did you pay her anything to name
that baby after you ?"
"Yes?twenty dollars. He's a clipper,
and don't you forget it."
" And so is his mother. She's down
in the Detroit House of Correction, and
the woman who had him takes care of
him for two dollars a week !"
"N-o-a!"
" Fact."
The old man's jaw fell, his eyes remained
fixed on the ceiling for a minute,
and then he fell back in his seat
with the exclamation:
" Chaw me! Everybody has called
me a fool for the past twenty years, and
now I know they were right, conductor!"
"Yes."
? - a ?
" riease mop me uuur h?u mo ?uu
break my neck, and step on me a thoulaud
times, and then throw the mangled
svreck into some swamp, for I won't be
no more good in this world ["?Detroit
Free Press.
A Hig Hennery.
A correspondent of the New England
Farmer describes the hennery on the
jstate of Mr. John W. Brooks, at Ea~t
Milton, Mass., and the mechanical
irrangements for hatching and rearing
jhickens:
The buildings consist of four ranges
>f coops, each 170 feet long by fifteen
vide. The southern side is provided
vith large windows occupying nearly
lalf the front side of the building, and
ilso with sliding wooden ventilators,
vhich can be all thrown open or closed
ogether by means of a simple attachnent
of wire running the whole length
the building. There is room for
1,200 hens. The incubator used is
iieated by a couple of lamps atone end; |
:he eggs are in trays under a tank of
liot water, and the temperature is regulated
by a metallic rod over the eggs,
which, by its contraction or expansion,
breaks or completes an electric circuit,
which acting on a clock work escapement
gives power enough to open or
close the ventilators. The machine is
bulky and expensive, but it does very
good work, having hatched from seventy
to eighty per cent, of the eggs placed in
it. It holds 750 eggs at a time. The
chicks, as fast as hatched, are placed
in small paper boxes lined with flannel
and kept warm till they dry off, when
they are ready for the artificial mothers.
These "mothers" are of wood, lined
with soft cloth for feathers, and their j
life's blood is warm water circulating
from a heater. The chicks, however,
take kindly to this sort of treatment,
and huddle together under the pipes as
tenderly as under the mother's wing;
they are fastened in at night by a door
of wire netting, and allowed to run, after
a few weeks, in fine weather, out of
doors in yards facing the south, in front
of the coops.
The Skein \re Wind. *
If you and I, to-day,
Should atop and lay
Our life-work down, and let onr hands fal
where they willFall
down to lie anito still? m
And if some other hand i-hould come, and stoopflj
The threads we carried, so that it could wind^ ;'*
Beginning wheie we stopped; if it should come ,
to keep
Our life-work going; seek
To carry on the good design
Distinctively made yours, or mine, .
What would it find ?
Some work we must be doing, true or false; '
Some tlireada we wind; some purpoeo so exalts . :
Itself tliat we look up to it, or down,
As to a crown
To bow before, and we weave threads
Of different lentrths and tliickness?some mew
sliredsAnd
wind thorn round
Till all the skein of life is bound,
Sometimes forgetting at the task
o ask
The value of the threads, or choose \j
Strong stuff to use.
No hand but winds some thread;
It cannot stand quite still till it is dead 4* * 'j*
But what it spins and winds a little skein.
God made each hand for work?not toil-stain %
Is required, but every hand
Spins, though but ropes of sard.
If love should come,
Stooping above when wo are dona, '
'to find bright threads
That we have held, that it may spin them tongeiv^
?find but shreds .
" hat break when touched, how cold,
Sad, shivering, portionless, tho hands will hold /3
The broken strands and know
Fresh cause for woe. ' _ / jM
?George Klingle. ;*
humor Of the day. ' : j
The Philadelphia Chronicle has dis- ^"
covered trichinae in this year's crop 6( W
ice-cream.
Josh Billings says he has never known '
a sekund wife bnt what was boss of the .
situashun.
A deep thinker says that "the gezuo^ &j
ality of women who do fancy work/ddKfc' *
fancy work."
"Will the coming man fly?" R+M
grobably will when the coming woman , jg
pets after him.
The Detroit Free Press advises youKfer
make weather predictions if yoa want,*1*
to be talked abont.
The Rochester Democrat hears
conples being married on the ran. QJ&/',
man after them with a shotgnn,
We know a man so near-sighted that
he can't recognize a creditor when he
passes one on the street.?Keokuk Gate I
a
uuy.
Soldiers are always the most adept '
lovers, because they learn how to
sent arms and salute.?Baltimore Every '*.x
Saturday. *
"What is love?"'asfes an exchange^:
Love, my friend, is thinking that yotf^
and the girl can be an eternal picnic to
each other.?Salem Sunbeam. . *._
This is his first season on a farm, and ^
he lias planted ten acres with tomato Vj
cans. He expects the ground wiUpra? induce
a heavy crop of canned tomatoes:- ~
?Philadelphia Chronicle.
When a baseball club is beaten with-,,\.
out Inaking a run^hey are said to be '
"whitewashed," but we notice ther &
-- .. 1-1- -t- -11 itwS'-i
generally looic prewy macs au ^
saK2$.?Boston Commercial.
A hor&Ssdied in Campton, N. H.;the ?,
other day m^J^hose stomach was foqpclfc*
fifty shingle nai&S^knd pieces o? liodp
iron. Indigestion the flurse of onrv^j
modern civilization.?i/cncell Citizen.
A " I fi 11 ii j i~~TT ~"tn' i /lYiTPflffyW n
neighbor's hens in her yard scratching. $?
In a moat indignant tone she reported ^
to her mother that Mr. Smith's hehs ,1
were "wiping their feet on onr grass'" "jg
j Of all sad word* of tonguo or pen,
J The.saddest are these: " Have yoa a ten ?" ... v<
?Keokuk Constitution.
j Of all sad words of tongue or pen, -
The saddest are these: " We haven't a ten."
?Steubenville Herald.
Can anybody tell ns why a woman,
| emerging from a crowded car, always"'
makes believe she is going to get out " ;
at one side of the platform, until two or \
three men have jumped off in the mu<L ^
and then steps off at the other side? yr
She al.vays does it; and we waui
to know the reason why.?Philadetpfifa M
Bulletin .
A youth was heard to remark to
jolly and fat Teutonian as the circus' +
pageant passed the city hall this morning:
" Haven't I seen you before? Yottr
face looks familiar." "Is dot 80
said Hans. "When you get so old as."
me your face will look famUiar/toOf"
and strolled up Delaware avenue, ;
ming " Embdy is de baby, his giracQe'a
gone."?Buffalo Ke>cs.
The young folks will never be
tirolv wsicrned to the introduction of *
" ~ " "o -t| '
the electric light into private residences - ^
until some means of turning it down
aro invented and applied. As it now:?jJ
is, you must liave the full blaze or ?
Egyptian darkness The latter is not * ]
exactly proper, and the former, for
vious reasons, will never do.?Elevated
Railway Journal ^ " %-v.Tjg
" The whisper of a beautiful woman,1?.'* *
says Balzac, " can be heard further than
the loudest call of duty." But tho man /
-"ltA ii?\ olnivn rrnlli ln'fl VknMfl 3
YYIIU 19 UlCG|JIJJg upoiuuo nnu utM WW? moff
at 2 o'clock a. m. and hears the whis- ' |
l er of his wife as she leans over the~,?|
banisters in the darkness doesn't think- .
of her beauty. His chief thought i* -J
how much he would like to exchange v
his boots for a pair of wings.
Interesting Facts About the Electric;^
Light.
The London Graphic contains an illtts* ~
trated account of the Swan electric light.
which will prove to lie of especial inter-,*' *
est to people residing in* the country or 1
in places where a ilo.v of water sufficient
to turn a s'^oll tarbine wheel can be 86- _j
cured. After the cost of the lamp and its
accompaniments no other outlay is .
necessary. The experiments made by ?
Mr. Swan himself at Oragside, in Eng- .pS
land, were with his perfected lamp,
which makes use of a continuous carbon
conductor inclosed in a glass bulb hermetically
sealed. At a distance of threequarters
of a mile the overflow of a pond.
was used to propel a six-horse power
turbine wheel, and produced the electricity,
which is carried to the house 35
over a double row of copper wires.
The lamp itself is said to be exceedingly
simple, and may be hung from
the ceiling, placed in a bracket on a 'C
side wall or in the porcelain body of an.7^
old oil or kerosene lamp of the style so
much used at present. It consists of a
glass bulb about three inches in diameter,
from which a cylindrical arm ex- T*
tends. Two platinum wires connected -N
with the intermediate carbon conductor
pass through this arm and into the bulb -?
and are hermetically sealed by fusion of ' ?
the glass around them on entrance into
the glass wall of the lamp. The carbon ^
filament is a special feature of4he lamp, :
and is " wonderfully thin and elastic," ri.
looking, in the engraving given of it, 4I
like a piece of looped wire. Since the
air is exhausted from the well the car- ?
bon does not decompose, in fact it be*
comes harder from continued usage. ' ,
The carbon thus used by Mr. Swan in
his experiments has lasted uninterruptedly
since last October. It is claimed
for the system that the light can be absolutely
divided without sacrifice, of
economy, forty-five of them being in . fs
use at Cragside, each lamp giving a
light equal to that of three ordinary
lamps and the current being turned on
or oil'by small switches inserted in the ^
wall.
i Utah is just now the chosen field for
considerable Christian missionary work
There are forty-four Presbyterian mis- -.J
sionaries iu the Territory, maintained at
an annual cost of 636,000, the Congregationalists
are spending $30,000 in new :
schoolhouses and churches, the Meth'
odists have twenty missionaries on the
ground and other denominations are
represented. These tremendous onslaughts
have incited the Mormons to
renewed zeal. A
A