Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A The Press and Banner. By Hugh Wilson and H. T. Wardlaw. Wednesday, March 3, 1880. Too Much Labor. Our friend, the Greenville Enterprise and Mountaineer this week renews the proposition for the removal of the colored race from our soil, and for their colonization in Central or South Africa. As the proposition seems so supremely ridiculous to those of ns who have already bad a liule experience and observation in the matter of the removal of ttie colored people, we thought this idea would have died a natural death long ago. The first year or two after the war this sentiment prevailed with a number of our thoughtloss and unreflecting people, and ?o much was emigration then encouraged that the farmers of Louisiana and other mn wfuttarlv than onr own, sent here and took away thousands of able-bodied men, and since then periodically smaller numbers have been induced to leave our county. As recently a? a month ago from one hundred to two hundred able bodied men left the vicinity of White Hall, Phoenix, and neighboring vicinities, leaving some of our planters, with mule* and good farms, without hands. And if their places have been filled at all, it has been at about double the rat*s heretofore paid. In 1866 the re suit was the same all over the county. Thousands of acres of our best lands were thrown out and nave romainra iaie and unproductive ever since. It is a notorious fact that bocause of the scarcity of negro labor some of the finest lands in South Carolina may be bought in Abbeville county at nominal figares, while in the adjoining county of Anderson the average lands readily command from $6.00 an acre upwards, and the difference in price can be accounted for on no other ground than that Anderson hasnotsuffered so severely from the emigration of the negro. Intrinsically our lands aro worth double the Anderson lands, but owing to the scarcity of labor in this county much of our soil represents Just so much dead unproductive capital. And still the Entcrprite and Mountaineer has thta to say : "One of the greatest wants of theSonth now Is the removal of the colored people to some separate and distinct Territory, and away from the whites ; or their ooloniration iu Central or South America." Owing to the lack of field labor we have lost over half the marketable value of our lands, and yet that paper goes on to say: "The negroes an a mass will never be anything but farm-laborers; and so long an they remain vith us as a mass?enveloping our prowt' i as with a thick pall?no! long will those puoplewho make machin-l lata, miners, inventors, builders, thinkers, as well as a? riculturalistu, go to oth- J er communities in which to settle and live and to make famous in the race of civilization." For this fact t'.ie Enterprise of oourse draws on his ow :i accommodating imagination. His assertion that "machinists, miners, inventors, builders, thinkers," Ac., will not come here as long as the negroes are here is not susceptible of proof. With the value of real estate In this county already lowered several million dol lars, what need would we have for "machinists, manufacturers miners," Ac., if our capital was still further reduced by the emigration Qf more of our negroes ? As between "machine shops, builders, mechanics and thinkers," give us the farm all the time. It is a fact that agriculture is the fountain or source of nearly all of our wealth, and if the fountains be dried up what use have we for machinery, iuventors, mechanics and thinkers ? The following paragraph is so different from the rest of the editorial in the Enter- I i?mm tinA Moun?n.in*.*r that it MOlinds! strangely to us as coming from the same j source: "Ah docile farm laborers, we donbt if there is a more obedient race of people nnder the son; but while the South wants her corn, cotton and rice fields worked, and made to yield as rich harvests as possible. she wants something more than that, and without a great deal more than ! that, she will dwindle, dry up and beoome insignificant. She wants and must have her arts, sciences, mechanics and literature developed., The future status, power and influence of the States demaud these." Does the Enterprise mean to say that the best way to get "her corn, cotton, and rloe fields worked," is to send from our midst the best and most "obedient laboron under the sun 7" When the people of Greenville county shall have lost so many of the laborers of that secton, that her lands have been re-1 duced one half in value, they will see most clearly the folly of even allowing a field hand, though he be l negro, to go nwav when he can he nrevcntod from doinsr so. The cspital of tho country consists in muscle and money. In our opinion it is about an wine to throw away one as the other. Every man who buys a male, or raises a bale of cotton contributes to the wealth of the country ; and any man who induces a firmer to leave the oountry ? takes just to much from its wealth. Until the farmers can furnish the capital, factories, mills, Aa, cannot be built. + Mr. Beiiet's Essay. We fill a large part of to-day's Press and Banner with the essay on "Americanisms?English as spoken and written in the United States," which W. C. Benet. Esq., prepared lor the Abbeville , Literary Club, and read at its regular | meeting la?t Friday night. It it not nsu-1 al to publish the essays of the Club, ex-1 cellent and interesting though all of them are. But this essay discusses a subject I of so much interest to all our people, and contains so much entertaining information, which is seldom presented in so compendious a form, that we asked and | obtained Mr. Benet's permission to pub-j lish it in our colnmns. It is long but sufficiently enlivened with apt and amusing illustrations to save it from being tediou All our readers, the best educated as well as those not so highly favorod will find ' food for thought" in the essay. The man who uses the best English, the man who uses familiar but not classical English, and the man who talks the forcible though sometimes vulgar slang so common in our day, will each find that Mr Benet discusses uieir various styles, anq gives excellent examples of all the varieties of English. We commend the essay to the careful attention of our readers and can assure thom that it is worthy to be preserved. Down in Kershaw the pot begins to boil. The past due school olaim s and the extra one mill tax for paying baolc debts are receiving attention, while the old member* of the Legislature come in for a full share of blame for their action as Legislators. The Journal has an editorial article In which such words and expressions as, "cormorants," "vitals," "ii> muiuuB awuuureis, cnmes, ueawrt rs," "these fellows," "turnedout to graze upon the dried fieldsjof dead politicians," are called into use. New YoA Supports Grant. At a meeting of the Republican State Convention, at Utica, New York, the delegates to the nominating convention atj Chicago this summer were all pledged to sapportGraatfor atbird teim. If Grant ! accept* the nomination he will be the firat1 President stnoe the foundation of the j American Republic who has demonstrat-, ed such ambitious views. Washington, | Jefferson, Madison and Monroe were each | elected twice and had the decency to retiro after their seooud term. "Quid Xtfnc" at the Mnety-Six Bazaar. The Bazaar which was hold last Wednesday evening at Ninety Six was quite an event tor that town, and was one in which all its citizens took the liveliest interest. The details of the affair were left principally to the ladies, and like all entertainments that are controlled by them, j it was a great success in imparting pleasure to those who were in attendance, and in raising a very handsome sum of money. The arrangement of the hall was superb ; the decorations were most pleasing to the sight; the tables were tilled with those articles that delight the eye and tempt the appetite; all amid a flood of light, and in the presence of a throng of the grace atul beauty of that old historic town, presented a scene of loveliness which seldom greets the vision of the bachelor. ' Generous visit<#s were not slow in giving employment to the ladies in charge of the tables, whose pleasure it was to serve them to the choicest articles in stock. The committee announce a net aggregate of $150?a most splendid success, which reflects the greatest credit upon tne hoarts and heads of those who contrived the affair. The ladies take pleasnre in recognizing donations from the following parties. A beautifhl fan from Mrs. Anthon Berg, of Cokesburv, and afterwards presented to Miss Mamie Stuart, by a vote of 48 against 44 for Miss M. L. Lipscomb. A boquet of Zephyr plumes, a most artistic piece of work, by Miss Octavia Coleman, of Greenwood, and handsomely framed by Mr. Robert Jones : Contributions from Miss Rosa Finch of T^aarens; Messrs. Hill <fc Hnle of Edgefield; Mrs. Pratt of Abbeville; Also, donations from Greenville, Greenwood, Siloam, and Fellowship churches. Miss Ada Smart and Miss Octavia Cole man, of Greenwood, who presented the Bazaar with $16, jointly raised by them in Greenwood, cannot'receive too many thanks for their exertions in behalf of this worthy object. The following ladies and gentlemen presided at the Baz^r tables: Fancy Table, No. lr-Mrs. W. C. Griffin and It. P. Quar'es. No. 2?Misses LaBorde, M. L. Lipscomb, and C. P. Roberts. Cake Table No. 1?Mrs. L. B. Jones, Mrs. J. H. Rice, Mis9 Tula Robberts, R. L. Pratt. No. 2?Mrs. L. T. Hill, Mrs. J. T. Miller, Miss Pinkerson, H. C. Gaipli#. I Meat Table?Mrs. W. M. Johnson, Mrs. Halliway, Mrs. Quattlebanm, Mrs. K. M. Lipscomb, Mrs. M. Mino, Mrs. Parkerson, Mrs. Burnet, and Messrs. Lipsoomb, i Mine, Miller, Griffin and Pinkerson. j Fish Pond?Miss Minnie Roberts, Mr.1 Griffln Johnson. Post Office?Miss Anna Bozeman, C. | W. Johnson. | Superintendent and Postmastor-Gen?TW T T Unrpman Quid Ncnc. | ?> *. Another Lynching:. Elsewhere we copy from yesterday's 2?cws and Courier full particulars of the recent lynching in the lower part of the State. Th# villain deserved death, but we think he should .have received it at the hands of the law, as a negro did a few months ago for a similar offence in Union county. The cool deliberation with which this negro was taken out and hanged is not likely to give one a greater feeling of security for receiving that protection vouchsafed by the laws of the Commonwealth. If lynching is to be countenanced, the day may not be distant when not only the criminal, but the innocent may suffer death from the mob. In a time of profound peace, when tha laws are faithfully executed lynching should be discountenanced. The proof-was sufficient to have convicted him, and ho nhould have been sentenced to death at the hands of the law. Angngta and Knoxville Railroad. The City Conncil of Augusta, Ga., determined unanimously at their last meet-1 * * * * - iic.j ?< ! lng 10 snnmii to iru- quuuueu \uujm <>j, the city on the 10th day of March inst. | the question of subscription or no subscription of fifty thousand dollars in aid of this road. The Aldermen all spoke of the great importance of this route in securing tho means of communication and trade with Augusta, and from -w hat we can judge from the newspaper accounts we think it likely the amount "will *1)0 j subscribed: if so, it secures the comple-j tion of tho road, we presume, to Greenwood. E. B. DIXON. The LanrensTllle Herald Says That He is the "rrominent Greenville Merchant." "P. M." a correspondent of the JVirow and Courier from this county, under date of 17tli lost., says: "Mr. Bowen, the agent of the Laurens Road haw been missing cotton from Ibe platform for some time. A watch was put out on Friday night; he caught a prominent cotton merchantof the mountain city taking the tags ofl tne bales and putting his tugs on* "A prominent merchant of the mountain city" was not exactly "caupht taking the tags ofl- the bales and putting his tags on, but the private markson four bales were changed the torro mmnvi.,1 linH fltllPr t-flPH thjlll thO owners placed thereon. Another bale not marked a tall was also tagged In the name of a certalh prominent merchant of the mountain City ?ranking Ave bales thus marked, rreclsely who removed the tags and placed the wrcnig ones on said bales remains to be seen at j next term of court. In Justice toother "prominent merchant*" Of Greenville?of whom there are quite a number who stand tant tache?we will state that Mr. E. B. Dickson Is the man who stands charged with having removed tags on certain cotton and placed his own thereion, and against whom n wnrraut was | issued land served therefor. We make j this anouncement for the reason above I stated, and also because no Journal or correI spondent has as yet given the name, so far us I we have seen. 1 Our neighbor, the Newberry Herald, alluding to the game of tag" recently practiced at this place says; "W ho was the prominent merchant? if it had been a poor white mau or a friendless negro stealing a few pounds out of which to make a homespun snlrt or to stuff n pillow with or to exchange for a peck of meal his name would have been given no doubt. Is a rogues name to be smothered up because be Id a prominent merchant of Greenville? No; so much the more reason that besbould be publicly exposed. This is all true enoughfbnt did our esteemed neighbor not know the name of said "prominent merchant?" ifso why did he notgfve tbe same to his readers and thus enforce his precept bp his example. that's Just what's tbe matter with one-half tbe world?they can see the faultsor shortcomingsof others but not their own. A DOMESTIC TRAGEDY. A Mr. Spieimao, Murders his Broth> er, Cuts his Wire's Throat and Mortally Wounds Himself-No Cause Assigned for the Terrible Deed. yew* arid Courier. Columbia, March 1.?A Mr Splermau, residing half a mile from the village of Silver street, in Newberry county on the Greenville and Columbia Rallsoad. yesterday evening, without intimation of his purpose or of any hostile intent, attacked his brother on com. mlng from tbe supper table and cuthis throat j causing immediate death. He then repaired to his wife's room, cut b?r throat as he supposed fatally, and passing into another; apartment applied the knife to blsown throat when asslstahce reached them one brother was found dead, the other mortally wounded and the wife dangerously, but It is hoped not fatally injured. No cause can be assigned for the rash and fatal net. of t he agrossor. The parties concerned were In good circumstances and highly respected. W. H. McK. The Post-office Department has Issued or- i der? forbidding Jthe reception of mutilated | fractional currency at the post-office* of the] eouutry, This prohibition includes all coins I which have holes lu them. The latest news lu railroad circles Is that the Atlanta <t Charlotte Alr-Llne have purchased the Spartanburg A Union and that tha transfer Is to be made next month. While it Is probably not true thutany sale has actually been made, the matter has doubtless been seriously discussed. It has beelfcestlmated by reports received at the agrlcBtural departments of Georgia that eighty per cent, of the farmers who | raise their own supplies make money by j farming. Reaventy nve percent, of those' who gave Mens and mortgages and pay high | rates of Interest on supplies fall to make ex-1 peuses. ' Americanisms. ENGLISH AS SPOKEN AND WR TEN IN THE UNITED STATES. Good English, Bad English,?Hlfalc English. Slang, Cant, Mock-Modesty. ! An Essay Rsad by W. C. Beuet E? Before the Abbeville Literary CI Friday evening, February 27, 18 Samuel Johnson wiys that language is pedigree of nations, and an old Greek com I nas It that a man Is known by the wordi | uses. If this 1* true, I need not ofter i I apology for aaklng yon to consider with | the subject of this paper. As cltliens of | great English-speaking nation?that Grts j Britain whow hardy *on?, the most en | prising race upon this earth, have m our English tongue familiar In the ears ol peoples and tribes as th*lr own native spc I ? It becomes us to Inquire Into our pedli J una Kce ttuii tne lineage 01 our mnguui; I kept pure:?and It Is not unworthy of u individual men to ?et a watch npon our c lips, to put a bridle upon our own tong and nee that the words of our mouths worthy of our mother-tongue, simple, cl strong and pure. Our language is to-day native tongue of one hundred million! men: it Is the language of commerce, of < ilizatlon, and of culture?the language : Christianity, and it bids fair to taktthe p i of the French tongue as the language j court* and diplomacy. Not long ago, a P ; Man, a man of talent and education, assu i me of his belief that the Knglish lnngu | would ere long subdue all other tongues i rule without a rival. And yeL this langui so masterful, so vigorous, whose sounc gone out Into all lands and ita words i the ends of the world, haa been spoken i written for more than four hundred yearsi has suffered very little change In Idiom, i construction, in Its words and their mean! during all that long period of time. The glixh of (.bxton who died In 1491 needs no terpreter for the Englishman of to-day. J member of this Cluo would And no diffict in reading the Gospels as translated ne? four hundred year* ago by Tyndale. Ind< but for the old-fashioned stylo, and sc quaintness of spelling, and the use of a obsolete words, the English of Wlcl written in 1380 may be read and undent by the English-speaking boy of 1880,? talnly If read to htm he could understnnc i."-"' fnmI Itnr what tn the eve ml be uncouth. When wc bear In mind that word* arc m sound* with certain ideas arbitrarily Jol to them, that language In guided and contr i od more by use and wont than by reason i J logic, that the ignorant or balf-educa ] many rather than the learned few are the < todlans or our mother-tongue, this conser I tlve element In the Engllsn language spe j well for the English-speaking people. ' bold, free, hardy race lias Impressed its stu characteristics on the language which hek ground ngninst the Norman French of Conqueror and the Latin of the Church, ] Schools and the Courts. The English 1 suage.so rich and copious, so simple In fc yet so deep In meaning, so melodlons, with power so nervous.?the language which Grimm says that "In wealth, wlsdi and^trlct economy, none of the living 1 guageR can vie with It," is worthy of the erty-lovlng people who clung to their motl tongue and their common law, when ot European peoples Romanized both their 1 guage and their laws; and who would h; their Hlble done In the vulgar tongue i worship God in the language learned at ti mothers' knee. This noble language, this goodly herit bequeathed to us by our Anglo-Saxon for' thcrs, it behoves us as we value It highly I study well. The study of words la study of truth. Tbe purification or iangu in tbe correction of error. The Improvem of speech is the Improvement of those ? speak tt. If the sturdy English race h made the English language, tbatlangui strong, homely, tender, ha* done mucl mould the English race. While It I* well a people at all times to study their own 1 guuge, It seems to me that In this ng change,of progress, of much work, and much BpeukliiK and writing and reading, I of the greatest consequence to the Engll speaking people that they Jealously take c of their grand old speech, preserve It In purity, save It from needless change, and i to it only such new words and new meani as are clearly needed to express new Id and suit new conditions. Much has b done during this nineteenth century to dli the attention of our race to the study of < Anglo-Saxon speech. 8ince Home To< laid the foundations of English pMloli in his Diversions of Purley. many scholi philologists and lexicographers, nave adi matt-rial to the structure. Many excell books have been published both in Or BriUtin and in the United States which hi commended tbe study of words to the peoj The works of men like Trench and Air and Max Muller in England, and of Mar Whitney, Scheie de Vere, and others in t country, navo done much during the Insttl ty years to create a popular interest In 1 study of our vernaculnr speech. Even philological maunderlngs of the much-v tlngana prollxJRIchard Grant White as tl appeared monfn after month In The Gal and as they still appear In the Atlantic Moi ly ure not without their value. Whll< cannot be truthfully said of him that he lures to better words and leads way, he certainly does the useful j of presenting to public attention mi or tho mlstaiccs maao in spcaitmg ana > ting. But while these and other writers are do good work, the hundred millions are df peaking the English language, thirty n Ions, perhaps, are dally reading English nc papers, magazines and books, and not a arc daily writing articles, essays or books making public addresses to the Engli speaking people; und when we think of small number of those who try to guard language from innovation anddecradatl we may well exclaim, What are they ami so many? And there is grent need in our i of bringing the people to bestow serious tentlon on the words they use in speaking writing. For this age of progress and of g ernl Improvement is subjecting our mot tongue to a process of change which Is not tlrelyforthe better. The civilization of nineteenth century Is so dilforent from t oftho sixteenth, so much more complex tl that of the eighteenth, that the Engllsl the sixteenth or of the eighteenth cent cannot suffice for ail its needs. It demaiu more copious and varied vocabulary. 1 while undergoing the changes which meant to be improvements, our iangu Is subjected to deterioration and corrupt at. the hands of the half-educated, while e the learned are frequently too negligent check the evil Influences. The myrlau no papers issuing dally from the press, the h dreds of monthly and quarterly periodic the books, of the making of which there it end?all these combined aflbrd employm to n vust number of writers, a much gres number than ever were similarly emplo in any former century. All uhese writers tcachers of English; only a very small ni ber of them are fit to be teachers. It n be said with truth that the education, tal finrf nhintv nr tliA wrlLers is in inverse n with the number of books and writing* p llshed. Half-knowledgels always presum :ind pretentious, because It is always self-c sclou*. The written English of this gen? tlon, therefore, to a greater degree thHn e before, is marked by a vitiated style, an ui loinnUc use of blg-soundlngand Lstln-deri terms to the exclusion of simple, home-1! words ; by a tendency to slang, to a free i carcless use of collooulal expressions,and squeamish cant which is vulgar when would be elegant. NOVELISTS' ENGLISH, Of the literature of onr time novels ni than anything else exert a pernicious In enee on the literary taste of the people. N to the amount of reading mutter supplied | newspapers, that famished by novels la largest. If all our English and Amerl I writers of Action wrote the pure Englisl jTroIlopeor of Hawthorne, the characterl simplicity and strength of our mother ton would not be endangered. But when ] raell's characters clothe their thoughts In < ental flnery, disfiguring; our English v " barbaric pearl and goldwhen George E affects the Ciceronian beriod and renc Webster's Dictionary, unabridged, a bi that no reader of fiction should be witbc when Augusta Evans writes such langu ns is found in " Vashtl," which, if Englisl ail, is " English cut on Greek and Latin, Like fustian heretofore on satin ; ?* i_ ? ?Hri ?WIIVU IU juitoi Ui (lie looiiiuimuic ouu y\t lar novels of the day the characters arc m to speak the language of Holofernes aDd thaniel, who, ok Moth told Costard, had b "at u great feast of language** and stolen scraps" (Love's Labor Lout, V., 1); when s is the current style of our cuu-ent light lit ture. need we be surprised at the Inelegant the false taste, the pomposity, which disflp the English spoken and written in our t! by the common people? THE SUBJECT of this essay, however,) is not English in f eral, but English us written and spo! In the United States ? in short, An Icanlsraa. In treating of this subjoct I si restrict the term Americanisms to much i rower limits than are generally allowed u Some writers?Bartlett, for instance?give term a signification so wide that it is mad Include much that Is neither English1 American, much that Is English and peculiarly American, much that belongi oottf clonrr ?im IIU JlllJgUtigo nu?iv<vi| VMMV| .......V1 ,.v< Isms, and eccentricities In spelling and j Dunchttion. No wonder that Bartlelt's j tionaryof Americanisms lsaswollen volt of more than five hundred pages. As nsei lb Ik essay, tbe term Americanism slgnlfli use or English words, phrases, and const: Hons Id the speech and writings of the t cjited classes in the United Statifl, which fers from the use of the same words, phra and constructions by the educated classei Greut Britain: and,I shall add, all these i words coined In this country and required Its peculiar circumstances and instltutk To show clearly what are Americanisms, j haps the best way is first to say what are NOT AMERICANISMS. I. Words borrowed from the langunge the European continent are not Amerlc Isms. Emigrants from the oontinent h supplied us with many foreign words t have been Incorporated In our lunguage, which the following arc examples: Dutch?Boss, stoop, kink, overslaugh, ( slna. French?Calaboose, prairie, euchre, sel levee, crevasse, bayou, barbecue. Hpanlsh?Stampede, lariat, lasso, adc fandango, ranche, canyon, sierra, vac chinch. Italian?Vendetta. German?It Is very strange that the la admixture of German emigrants with < population has not been followed by a la admixture of German words with our E llsli spcieli. The German lauguage has a ed scarcely any words directly or Indlrec I And ouly phllopena (ttlllpeen,) lat schooner, (u beer glass,) and loafer, fr laufen, a rover or tramp. II. Indian words are not Amerlcanlsr such as potato, tomato, persimmon, chin pin, Decan, terrapin, tomahawk, pow w< calumet, squaw, wigwam, sachem, mocca? hnmmnclr VaillrM. III. Negrolsins or Africanisms are ] Americanisms, e. g.: Tote, buckra, mai rtiaumn, and tbo negro's peculiar tine of un< and aunty. or phrases like, moan white*. IV. Misspellings and rnlspronunclatW are not to be accounted Amerlcanlsms.-^si as are round ad nauseam In the works of j tcinus Ward. Josh Hillings, Bill 'Arp and I like, and Fiu:h as are heard from the lips the illiterate and tho slovenly in spoe HHHBI e. g.: gal, on-easy, planner, theayter, git. 1 g'lang. I V. Nlang words and phrases are notAmer- 1 lcanlsms.?low, vulgar word^ political cant, and words, however fashionable, which are ' IT* transiently used in a forced sense, e. g.: to splurge, to fork-over, to shell-out, bogus, bo- I nansn, and, horretco rr/ei ent, that all-pervad- l lng word, boom; stalwarts; tacky, diky, < stag-party, colts-ball, phrases like "to the i iwl tune of a cool $10,000," and the word ring, al- 1 though John Bright used It In Birmingham ! the other day fn his speech on the Irish I question." < VI, Nor are vulgarisms to be numbered i among Americanisms, e. g. susplcloncd, dls- ] remember, 'taint, hain't, growed, knowed. throwed. unbeknownst, unlhoughted.arrove, Hm out-talkln'est, liot-hendcdcst, done for did, dI, come forcame, run for ran, seen for saw, brung ' for brought, busted for burst. SO ov* OLI) KNGLIHH. the VII. Englishmen have often twllted Amer0<ly lcans>*nd Americans have as often blamed # he themselves for using Americanisms which , are not Amorlcanlsms, but are archaisms, nie specimens of old h-neiisn woras now uukukk; the ,n England, and of old meaning* of existing ater words retained here though lout to the Enter. gllsh. To the student of English ns spoken a()e nnd written In the United Rtntcs this branch - n|i of hl? subject Is perhaps the most Interesting , hi well as the most astonishing. It surprises freo him to discover as be often does that words .e i? which are to him uncouth, nnd maybe acsas counted vulgar.arereally old English words )wn or old forms of English words which have beues come obsolete In England but which have , 8I.q been preserved hereslnce the days of the first ear settlers. Th*yare not often seen In print, , the they are confined to colloquial English, hav, 0f lng been retained In the common specch of , civ this country while they are no longer heard , , 0f on the lipsof an Englishman. jflce The colloquial English of the mother eoun- , . of try as well a* that of this country, has underrus Rone many changes during the last three hun- 1 ired ared years; but the changes were not the ace same on both sides of tho ocean. We thus j BI1)1 find old words and old forms here which now ] u,e are strange and unknown In England. Tho | 1 )B' following are examples: i nto Holp, for helped, a fine old Idiomatic preteran(j lte, whose old participle, holpen, Is found In and the Bible. an(l C.'lomb, for climbed, which Tennyson has ingt tried to restore to tho English language. < En.' Rare, underdone, ns rare beef. Bometlmcs in. meaning unripe,?that peach Is rare. < ^ny Rise, (as a noun} elevation,?did rise u? ?>iilty flce; *o used by Bacon. Compare Gibbon's irjy "Rise and Fall." ?ea, ?Lam, tobeat. Found In Beaumont and >me Fl'lclicr'n "A King und No King," Act V. So. few i lire "One whose dull body will require a lamood wing." cer. Lief, gladly or willingly. 8hakspere uvi: < lit. I'd an Iter be a Brownlst as a politician, Kht ?(Twelfth NlgbMII, 2.) < "I had as lief not be as live to be !erc In awe of such a thine as I myself," < ned ?very common In the Elizabethan poets, 0]|. Deck, a pack of cards. < in(j Alas that Warwick had no more forecast .ted But whiles he thought tosteal the single ten i nm- The King was silly fingered from thedcck. "va- ?Third part of Henry VI, V, I. i Reneges, renounces, a card-table word, I l>he His captain's heart reneges all temper. 1 rdy ? Antony and Cleopatra, I. 1. UtJ, All sorts of rights rcnog'd. the Batlailof Jury, flylvcrtrr. the Fool, v. to decelvc. to cheat, to wheedle. an. You oan fool no .more money out of me at ? this throw. i ?Twelfth TfigM, V, 1, i y?f Fooling. ,m I do not like this fooling. I ? ' ?lYviluji and Creuida T', 2. i iii/ Freshet, a sudden overflow or flood, Scotch i 1<sr spate, ooncernlng which Trench ay*. "The < uLI excellent word.freshot, wlilch worild scarce- 1 nn. ly he found In English since Milton employ* av? ed!lt, hns never been out of use In America, i inH having lately come back to tu from thence." I ;",r Here It Is In Milton. I All fl*h from sea or ihore, Freshet or parting brook, of shell or fin. r?L (In Scotland, wet weather Is called fresh.) tr, Bottom, low ground, alluvial soli.?a mean- i the lost to this word In English literature although Addison used It In this sense, and It i e?, U thus used In the lllblc, "And he stood rho among the myrtle trees that were In th? botovp torn " Zecb. 1, 8. < West of this place, down In a neighboring l ito' bottom. 1 -At You Like It, IV, Z an. Bight, as an adverb, In such phrases as right ' . Qr now, right pretty, right down, of Thou wist It not right now. . i. ?Chaucer, Knight'* Tale. i.h. Nor ever look'd aside < are But still right down. it, ?Spentcr, Faerie. Queen, Hook V: Canto VI. This way right down to Paradise dcscend. I nc. ?Milton. e?g Comes he right now to sing a raveu's een nolo? I ect -Henry VI, (Second Part) III, 2. our Ye shall be driven out every man right ' forth. Jeremiah 40, 6. And that my soul jgv knowetli right well, Psalm 139, 14. ^ Compare the epithet, right honourable. rjpj I guess. This much condemned use of the en, word I flnd four Instances ot In Chaucer, e. g. 1 ~At And Jesus, Flllus Slrach, as I guess. ov. ?The Merchant't TaU. -l " It Is also tbus usea Dy wicnne anu bubk ?rd spere. .?h Pert, In the sense of lively, smart and even 1 kil well Id health, e. g., "I'm pretty pert," (pro.1. nounced pecrl.) Awake the port and nimble iplrlt of mirth, he ?Shnktpcre, I rri Trip the pert feirlcs. 1CV ?Milton. 1 Hunt, to search for?not used In this sense In England. 1 , Spenser has It, speaking of a road, 1 -i Which when by tract they hunted had th* throughout. ?Faerie Queen. Bk I, Onnio I. ,n~ And after tome and honour lor to hunt. -Hook V, CVrnto IV. Certain, for certainly, c. r. He'll come, cerinir tain. Is so ust-d by Chaucer. ,i f, I will nothing, nor n'lll nothing certain, f ? Clerk't Tale. Gloslng Is a full glorjous thing certain. few ?Sompnnur't Tale. _ To multiply quotations would overload the fBh essay and take up too much time. It could ,, * be shown, however. Uiat the following words _ur and uses of words, some of which are "vul" gar," have classical authority. Hooped, for whooped,?Chaucer. Booxlng, for drinking,?Spenser. "r Soused, tor plunged,?Spenser. , * Afeard, for afraid,?Spenser. ' m Blowing, for boastInp,?Chaucer. I: " Wall-eye and wall-eyed, ? Shakspere and; Ben Jonson. " Chaw, lor chew,?Spenser. Hlp-shotteu tlnds Its match, nook-shottor.. "n in Shukspore. ' ,f To buy a slobbery and dirty fai m In that nook-shotten Isle of Albion. 2J1 -Henry V, III, 5. rint Such vulgarisms as snubbed, rlong oil (bear., cause of.) usant (pronounced by our country " people, useu, e. p. usen to It like a dog) have . the sanction of Chaucer, that"well of English undeflled," and he spells poor osour common people pronounce 11. pore. Spenccr, too, uses Tf sucn words and phrase* a* snags, snaggy, wltholt (withold); buss (aklss), a littlo nnp, did answer mum, deaded, lope (leapt), topside t no lurvy, a flush of ducks, mo'(more; compare nt Scottish mae.) cur-doR, a fry (company) of ? j" children small, thccursed fry, and pronounces contrary as If It were cont.rnlry, lust as our common people do. Whcu the farmer's wife lm "PCftks of tollng the turkeys orhogs, (alluring, drawing on.) she uses a word used by Milton, p,3! Bucon and Locke. When the modern Enitin g'l^bman says "I'm sick" ho means that he uh feels an inclination; to vomit. Our use of it as meaning, simply and generally, unwell. Is the old English use, as preserved in the IlJble, in Shakspere and In other classical authors. The verb use, with the meaning, to frequent, ,ih e- K- The covey uses In that neld; Is found vpJi with this sense In Milton. Snakes that use.within the house for shade. " } And also In Spenser, "" In tli?sc strange ways where never foot did use. ?Faerie Queen, Bk VI, prologue. " An amusingappllcailon of the word In this sense was made by u mountaineer of Cashier 1 valley last Hummer. opt-u&uiK u> n ore Sides Mountain which Is nearlyalways cloudflu capped, he Raid, "There's a cloud that use* ext around White Sides." by The preservation In America of the forcgotho ins words and uses of words which are verwin naculnr ana classical, although now they are ] uf with few oxceptlons unknown and unused In tile England, shows with what tenacity onr jjUe mother-tongue clings to us, and It may be pis- said that America doesour common language i [jrl- a good service In thus bringing forth of her r| tli treasures words that are old as well as words Hot that are new. lers ENGLISH DIAI.ECT8. ( VIII. An eighth class of words and phrases ' used In this country are often mlst-lassed as i Americanisms. 1 mean such as have been 3 brought over herefrom the provincial dialects of the various parts of England, Scotland ami Ireland. They are not Americanisms. Sparse, thinly settled. Ik a Scotticism. pn. Profanity, for profaneness, Is also a Scottladc clsro. I^Q. Such like, an Irish and Soottlsh phrase, ? fnnnii nian in t.h? Hlble and Daniel Defoe. the Condemned now as bad English. UCh Stop, stopping;,?. g., He Is (topping: nt the em. hotel. This peculiar use of the verb Is a ScotjCfl tlclsm. :ure Plead, for pleaded, a* the past tense of th6 ime verb to plead, In a Scotticism. Spenser used It, spelling It thus, pled. Sundown: sunset, sometimes heard In Scotland and England. But sunup; sunrise, Is a :en- now word. I ken Forenent and forenenst, words of common aer- colloquial use In the rural parts, are Scotch Hall and Irish. jar- Let on, to speak of, e. g., I never let on, is so 3 It. used in Scotland aud the north of Ireland, the Cheep, to bint, e. g., Ho never cheeped, is e to Scotch. nor Gully, a washed-out channel, is an English not provincialism. i to Gaum, to besmear, is common in rural Entro glish. )ro- Burr, a halo round the moon, comes from Die- Scotland. In his poem "Night," George Gllime Alien writes, < 1 in A haloed orb. like pictured head of Christ, ?s a Burred with the relict beams from which ho rue- sprang. >du- Other English provincialisms are knockdlf kneod, spry, mighty (meaning very, r. g., *es, mighty pretty); shote, a young hog; spunk, i in spirit; shuck; and the phrase " power of'' lew which is in common use amongst the Irish I by and English common pooplo in such exprcs- , >ns. slonsas , >?r- A POWER 0' MONEY, a powor o' work, a power of water, a 1 power of people, meaning a great deal, 1 nnnnmr This nhro?A Ik fifinorvinir ' of more $>an a mere menfion. Banished from ! :an* good English though It is and branded a* vul- 1 *ve gar.lt haa very high authority in Its literal . "Rl translation Into Greek and Latin, which i ?? shows, does it not? that thereis In the human ! mind an Idea which Is best expressed by Just < :ole such a phrase. Herodotus hns dynamU chre- 1 mtaon, literally a powerof money. Clcerohas nei vi* auri argtntique, a power of gold and silver: C?sar has vit magna ptUverU, a great deal 'he, (power) of dust, when LI vy speaks of a great quantity of oakum,4ie says vU magna ijxvti. And the poet Horace sings of a great deal of < ivy, Hederas vit maqna. It is strange, is It not 1 1 TKe that u phrtuiO which Is elegant and classical 5Ur in Greek and Latin Is censured as vulgar and r8e Inelegant In English. Similarly the English "? slang phrase "awfully good," is condemned ] dd- as absurd and extravagant, and yet If you < "y. wish to say In classical Greek, "he Is a very 'j f?r> good speaker." you would say that he Is del- t ora notlegein, which, excelleutond elegant though it is In Greek, is nothing more nor less than, * nB- terrible or awful at speaking?in slang En- ? 1* .? ii rvna Irof ^ Kliail,ftUO*TIUI.J ftwvi t 'jq' ^ AMERICANISMS. J Having dismissed so many words and { not phrases which should not be called Amcrl- ' isa, canlsms, I come now to consider such words * ;le, and phrases as really are Americanisms: 8 I. New words which are malformations: LenRthy, talented, Jeopardize arc words for c ich whose origin the Englishman and the Amor- t \t- lean blame each the other's country, f the Talented Is condemned because tlmre Is no e of| verb, to talent, .vet compare, renowned, s ch, I famed, outlawed, Ac. Outsider, formed after | e * the supposed analogy of backslider, nltbou there Is no verb, to outside, as there is, backslide. Donate, a pulpit-bom word. Why not well have temptate, damnate ? II. New words, which, although not all Lhem well-formed, owe their origin to t un-English circumstances, and peculiar ini lutlons of the United Htates. Many of thi can give a good reason for their birth a life, and these have deservedly been adopt Into the English language. A few are stroi ly marked as manufactured words, but sol of the following words sprang Into.life n urallyand necessarily, e. g.: congresslor presidential, senatorial, federalist, nullin nullification, electioneer, massmeetl mileage, (shall I add stealage?) wlre-pullci The words, derringer (the Inventor's nam bowie-knife, lynch law. and to lynch. 1 their own origin. Revolver is a good word, but an eleva might have been called a lift. A word like bread-stuffs is a gain to 1 English language. Other peculiarly Ami can words are caucus, bogus, scalawag, c pet-bagger, straight-out. Telegram, a most useful word. We nr now look for a word to mean, a message si by telephone; something like phonogram, Althnnvh lAniowhiit clnnirv imri nnt Ilk to taken permanent place iTr our laneiing* Eulil the following: Greenback*, una gre bankers, rowdyism, bull-dose. SEW MEANINGS ASI) NEW USES OF OC woitns. This class Includes properly all those u of words by the educated clauses In the U ted Htatcs which dllTer from the uses of Mime words by the corresponding classes England. If by an Americanism is men u I think the meaning ought to be, that us< & good word by Americans which differs fr the nseof the same word by Engllshm this class Includes nearlyjall Amerlcanlt properly so-called. They are of two kind* Literary Americanisms, such us are found Srint, In public speeches, and In sermons ollorjulal Americanisms, such as aroused ramlllarconversation by the well-Inform but are seldom met with in books, altbot too often seen In newspapers. 1. LITERARY AMERICANISMS. The following are nearly all good ui which have enriched and strengthened < jommon language. General Assembly, political as well a* clcslnstlcal?the old meaning. Territory, a half-formed State. Eagle, the coin. Veto, as a verb. Test, as a verb. Cable, ui a verb. Cablegram, a monstn mongrel, sometimes shown llsclf in print. Wire, as a verb, I* struggling into cxlsten Platform u u>t nf nciMtical DrlllclDlcS. Did ecclesiastical use ot the word. Dank, naturally suggested by thepreoed sue of the principles In the platform. Cominenceinent, a college exhibition clotting day. Kophoraorc, Junior, 8cnIor; colloge claw cation*. Salutatory, Valedictory, Executive, Jud! iry, a* noun*. Fix, In all Its countless and convenient ui pxcept the old English one, to make firm last. So useful Is this factotum of a word, I Imrd tofuncy how English people do with Its American meanings. The word do, h< ever, Is the maid of all-work In England. Fixings; furniture, trimmings, and Flxy. particular, are pure Americanisms Locate, in its new sense of Kettle, and t most peculiar colloquial sense," I can't loc him, meaning, I can't tell where he li\ rhere must he some need for tills latter usi the word, as we find Burns In oneof his lett using localize In this tense. He writes: "T King is localised (a word I mnst use for wi af another to express niy idea) somewhero the north of 8c:otland." A very curious derivation from locate, lettle, was used in ail seriousness by a coi try man who was Informing me that a cert nojro's landlord had evicted him. Said nrauioctucu mm iiun./iai, i/ocatlon; site, position. Beneficiary, one who receives the bencfli Home fund ; a student who Is thus support Bslancc, as meaning the rest of, the rcnu Jer?a misused mercantile icrra. Baggage. aw luggage. Clever, In the sense of good-hearted. Bl sp Capers. In "Life of Bishop Capers,u Lne word in one of its old English senses comfortable, "('leverapartments." Brush, a twig, a small branch of a tree, the sense of brushwood, too, ax SpenBcr u It, "Out of the thickest brfish." Creek, a stream. Branch, a small stream. Its Enpllsh'sei of branch of a tree is monopolized by Hi which also does duty for le^. Corn, maize. [Cob, tho heart of the eai malze.J Kali, autnmn. Girdle, to make a cut around a tree for purpose of making It decay; "dcadlng it." Lumber; wood, timber. In England, r bish, old furniture. Timber, wood before It Js cut down; England, wood after it Is cut down. Spell, a time, or turn ; a spell of weather Stage, a stage-coach; as a verb, to go stage-coach. .Store, a shop. A much better name tl the English shop. Here shop Is limited, a Nhould be, to pluces where things are simp UlltCKSIUlU) N hnojl, uhiuih miuj?, nuuviu.in bop. The compound*,store-clothes, store-tea, i arc pecullurly American. Progress, a* a verb. This verb In found Shukespere. who make* it a verb Just as forces uny word to do duty as ft verb. c. queen. I'll queen ltrfio longer. Thou; thou thou'st litrn thrice. But *uch a use only In accordance with what he him called "a llcensc of Ink." Still, although current uhc of this word ?8 ft verb wan 01 Inally American, it Isjiow found In the ^ tings of the best English authors, and ellected a lodgment In the best English < tlouarles, undvr protest of the lexlcogra era. This In also true of the word Advocate, an a verb. Notify, to give notice, Instead of to mi known. Section. In the sense of a geographical vision Is necessary; It in not. however, a gi equivalent for district or region. Sectional, an u counterpart to national. Intimidate, and Intlmldutloii, now assoe ed so closely with the ballot-box In South elections. Grade,as a noun and verb. Doubtful wh( er litis bean Anglicism or an AmurlcuiiJi Graduate. Hegraduated Inst year, sho be, he was graduated. Memorize, to commit to memory. A w not in use in England, although found Mhakspcre and Spenser. Or memorize another Golgotha. -Macbrth V, 2. By this rude rhyme tomemorlze thy name ?Smiuel to lyjrd Buckhurti In both Instance*, however, It meant* make memorable. Merchant?a shopkeeper. Merchandise, as a verb. Dry-goods: draper's, mercer's, or clothl Block ; as distinct from groceries. Lot, in such senses as horse-lot, build lot, lot-gate, wood-lot, town-lot. Gap, as applied to a mountain pas*, c. Saluda Gap, Cumbcrlund Gap. Gaps, to yawn. Used thus in Scotlnnd; now in England. Grain, as an equivalent, for the Engl corn, which 1b monopolized hero by ma Indian corn. Candlelight, for ovenlng. Interview, as a verb; and tho noun Interviewer, with its peculiar new*pn moaning. Inaugurate, to begin, or to found. Inaugural, as u noun. (ittlzen. as meaning a person, notnecew lly in a political sense. Auieriuins use c zen and citizens when Englishman would person or persons, or people, The Amerl< use of it is traceable to (be French us< cUoyen. Grange, and grangers, as applied to the ?.ni??tinn hwirlnir the name, grange,auc its member*. Study, to learn lerfsons: Studies. lessoi and student*. school-chlldrcn. These wo arc reserved in England for use by unlve ty rncn and scholars. The colloqulnl use study, to think (e.g., Ml study about It), also an Amerlcunimn; very amusing wl ut?e<l by an Ignorant negro. Liglit bread, lonf. Burial and funeral mean the same thing England. Hei^ a man may be too late for funeral (i. c., the funeral services), but in ti for the burial (I. o? the Interment). Carry, In the sense of to cscort, to convey a carriage. The EngllKhtnun opens his v In astonishment when his American hosta him to "carry Miss Brown to dinner." 01 "curry Miss Jones homd." The word is u In somewhat the American sense In theflil Oedallah's duty was "that he should ca Jeremiah home." [Jer. xxxlx: M.] And.1 bcs told the sons of Uzzlcl to "carry th brethren out of the camp."?Lev. x: 14. Hill, a slope (Scotch, brae). This use of word is apure Americanism. In the senses of a mound, or rained seed-bed, it Is Americi A hill of beans; six grains to a hill of co are startling expressions to an Engllshm In his vocabulary hill is a small mountain Large, as meaning stout, fleshy and Small, ns meaning thin, lean. The Engll ronn cannot understand how a short n can bejn large man, or how a tall man can a small man. " * -u - - Af fAiinrl a nlnJ A I'lllCil, II FIUIIII I'icvi; VI .. . clover-patch, turnip-patch. Shakspere ] "a little patch of ground." Rock, a stone, a pebble, stone-building i terlal,and its com pounds, rock-house, in rocks, nnd an a verb, to throw stones. It a gests to the Englishman that there are gla on the earth In these days when he reads t the American school-boy throws rocks. Rocky, stony. Ship, to send by railroad or wagon. Trade, the act of trading, a bargain,e good on a trade. Vine, as meaning any creeping or climb plant, e. g. potato-vine, pen-vine. Vine English means only the grnpe-plunt. Gra vine Is a tautology in England. Offset, for a set-off. Passage (of a law), for enactment. Ticket, a printed listof candidates, a ball e. g. the Democratic ticket, the dry tloket vote Against bar-rooms.) Track.as meaning the railroad track. Board, "on boarti the train." TheEitgll man says "on the train." Blaze, to mark trees with an axe. Its eo f>ound. blaze-faced, a? applied to a whlte-fai lorse, Is very expressive. Bucket, pitcher, pail, Jug, and mug, furn a Rhihboletb whereby an American's nati ullty Is detected in England, and an Engll man's in the United States. In England bucket is a small tub; 8 Pitcher Is the Ami can bucket, with a beak or spout; a pnl the American bucket; njug is the Amork nif/?hpr- ? mm is any drinking vessel wit fiandle. I remember the astonishment c Foung Southern student at Edinburgh U versify when his servant fetched him on "J ?llsh' pitcher of hot water (four or five g Ions) when he had ordered an "America pitcher to make a tumbler of toddy. Colored people, for negroes. Cradle, lor scythe with a gathering frame Crodler, a reaper, who uses the cradle. Centennial, as a nonn. Exposition, for exhibition; a French wc idoptedatthetlmcof the great Paris Ex] iltlon. Loan, as r verb, for lend. Notions, small wares. Item, as meaning information, news, notl [ heard a minister once say. "The watchm >f Zion should make Item of the dange rhe verb, Itemize, to purtlcularlze, Is r nwd. Stricken, forstruck, past participle of strll Phis word Is In common use In our CourU a n Congress, e.g., "The words are strlck >ut." Stricken properly Is a participial t ective meaning afflicted, wounded, weak; :., Wo did esteem hlin stricken, smitten 3od. and afflicted.?Isaiah, 1111:4. David w tricken in years.?I. Kings, i; 1. I was tricken deer that lefl tne iiera.?umrper. Tree, as a verb, to take to ft tree, to force limb a tree. A hunter's word o. p. the d reed a 'peranum. A very exproHslve met ihorlcal URe is inndc of it, e. g. I treed him, . I hnve him where he can't cscape m omctimes meanlDg I detected him. In Lo U's Fable for critlas, is tbe line gh You ro not Always sure of your game when i to you've treed It. C Reservation, laud set aside for the Indians. < as Evidence, as a verb. n Other examples might be added, but the v of foregoing Hut comprises nearly all the words t .he which are used In a peculiar sense by the peo. u ?tl- pie of the United States?a meaning different em from that given them In England. I t nd have given them the name ofl Literary 6 led Americanisms, because they are met with In r rig- American books and newspapers and used f me by educated men on the platform, In ihe put- s at- pit, or In our courts. There Is still another \ ml, class or Americanisms, new uses and new t er, meaning* of good English words, which are < ng, beard In the colloqulul speech of thlscountry i r. I call them i [?jj COLLOQUIAL AMERICANISMS, j It Is not ft very numerous class, not nearly # tor so numerousus the similar class of colloquial , Anglicisms. There is much greater difference , the between conversational English and lltemrv , ?ri. English in Englund than there Is In theUni- t ~liF. ted States. ( Dirt; earth, soil and its compounds, "rich t iay dirt." dirt floor, dirt-eater, dirt road, dirt- i cnt dauber. Dirt uiways means rubbish orfllth 1 In England. < ely Enduring; livelong, e.g., the enduring day. i e, i jruvor, 10 re*emoic. nc iiwoni m? c^urui. < cn- would in English mean be shows favorn to his < couiln. t >od Go, to intend, or purpose, e. g., I didn't go i to do It. < Aim, with the Mime meaning; e. g., He i ses alined to go. 1 til* Allow, 18 a more vulgar word used with the I the same meaning; e.g..She allowed to tell me. 1 In Got; was, got left. nt. Gather, to seize. He gathered his gun: he i ;of grthercd n hickory; I gathered him round j urn the waist. I en, Grit; pluck, spirit; e. g., That fellow bM < mi grit. i.l. Hate; dislike, e. g.: I hnte to go. I in Love, to like. The American i> like the : 2. Frenchman In that he tells his passion to his : I in lady-love with the same word he uses toex- 1 od, press his liking for pork. J igh Happen, to be, or happen lobe; e. g., She happened there. Kick, to Jilt; a vory excellent nrfo. y 1 Clerk, a* a verb; e. g., He clerks in A store. Old, an endearing term; an unmeaning ep- ' 3Ur ithet. The old roan, used for father. Run; I lost the run of it. I. e., the way of it. I ec" Hang; I lost the hang of it; a more vulgar 1 word. Wart, to be about, to begin; e.g., I started ! to do It. Trick, a custom or habit, e. g.. He has a ' trick of tlolne It: or a neat contrivance.a*. 1 ou* Thut'ii a nice trick , or simply anything. Give 1 jnc my trlckii. i Ugly; Ill-behaved, sour-tempered. Compare AD clever, handsome. . Wire, to pitch Into; somewhat slangy. ' mK Quit, to leave off; e.g., Quit that; quit teas- 1 Ins me. In English It ha* not this meaning. j on fiwuy-backed; low-backed, with concave ( llf. spine. Drummer, a commercial traveller. An ex- , cellent and convenient word, with 1U verb, to Cl" drum. Mad: angry. Tljjht; drunk. 1 tTrimmings, garnlshlngs of a dl?h. J;'? Truck; sturt. Compare the English, trncksystem, a sjBtcm of paying for labor not in money but in good*. 8UB8TITTT1W. A third class of Americanisms might be his added,consisting of word* substituted In thl* ?tc country for the words used with the same 'ps. meaning In England: s of Garden for vegetable garden. i ?rs Flower yard for flower garden. bis Mall for post. ltalse for rear. i ln Hhoes for boots. I Cars for ral I way carriages. to Railroad for railway. un- Depot for station. s'n Ilaggage for luggage. be. ]}Ug for beetle or Insect. The English re- 1 strict tbls name to the bedbug. Ladybugfor| Indyblrd and flrebug for firefly are also suo'O' atltutes. ?> Bluckberry for bramble. l,u* Cross-eyed for squlntlnc. Shirt-bosom for shirt-front. Bureau for chest of drawers. sh" colt for foul. 1 lHns "Wlshlng-bone for merry thought. , as Patent-right for letter* patent. 1 Irish potato for potato, a distinction made necessary by the sweet potato. ficd English peas for peas, green peas or garden peas. Bee-gum for bee-hive, a name suggested by n*c the hollow gum-tree, which is often used for ih, a bee-hive. . Pantaloons nud pant* forbreechos, concern' or Ing which Holmes writes: "The things named pants In certain docnthe ments, A word not made for gentlemen but gents." ub- Cur-dog for cur. Fyse for cur. The origin of this word, fyse, jn Is us mysterious as Melchlsedec, or us the origin of the mongrel creature to which It Is npplied. 'bv Hickory .for birch. The American father who neither spares the rod ner spoils the child ,nn uses a hickory switch. ' Hickory oil." as a ? it euphemism, takes the place of the English K|. "birch grease." The abundance of hickory erV trees ill America and the scarcity of birch of! I course explains why the rod and the ferule In tc I the homes and schools of America are not of blrcii duioi nicKory. I In There are some English proverb* which ; |IC have been changed in the United Wtaten. For e.; example, Hpnik of the devil and hcwlllnp-i If pear. has been changed Into, Hpeak of the I . |u devil and his Imps will appear. A very "nice" M>ir substitute for 11. u often used.Nprak of angels the and you will hear the rustling of their wing*. > ri(T- Anothor example: The proof of the pud-j vrl- ding Ischewlng [or chawin'] the bag. Is the hn? American form of the proverb, The proof o' | llc. the pudding Ih the tasting ; which In Itself an j ph- English rendering ol the .Scotch proverb, The i pi uif o" the puddfn's the precln' o't. "MCE" SCUSTITCTM". 4*c The mock mode*ty of many of our people .. causes them to use cupheinlstic terms and y, plmse* for the plain,simple English word# oou which are still uwd by people of the bent society both In England and the United Slate*. . , It I*, perhaps, to be regretted that xniH'uinlxhness should have been able to meddle with crn our English speech. Tho following aro a few .. |of the "nice1'And would-be elegant substl';n* lutes: niH ' for Xo doubt examples of this um ! use of the word could be lound in some En. gllsh writers?In Dickens, for Instance. Hut in ,ncn and women of true refinement In tills 10 country are better guides for tne "nice" and fastidious people than Dickens Is, and they do not muke limbs stand for legs. A "nice " young lady once told inc that her cousin had ' "broken his nether limb." This Mirely was tn very correct. A Yankee governess, employed [ 10 some years ago l>y a family In this county, told her pupils not to say legs?It was vulgar 1 to say legs; to cull them urirc*. , Lap for knee. Even a father sometimes er takes ills child on his lap? where no inp can . be. ln* Dress forgown or frock; gown being used for night-gown or bed-gown. But here ugaln 8" Is a distinction, night-gown being of the niasf culine gender, the feminine being a night"0l dress. Alas, for the gowns of our grandmoth, 1 crs.and the silken gowns of the sweet old ballads. Try to put " dress " Into poetry I IIow lze' would It read In Shakspere? *' I nover saw n better fashioned gown, More quaint', more pleasing, nor more compel niendahle." Retire for go lo bed. 2'eisplre and perspiration for Hwent, verb and noun. ".Nleo" people tell their children lar- that horses sweut: men perspire. I heard a :lti- minister, with a fastidiousness that should say not have been In the pulpit, say that our Savtan lour " perspired great drops 01 blood lm001 proving" the English of the Bible, as anothor minister once did in my hearing, while reador lug the chapter about tne raising of I<azarus. 1 to He changed Marthas words to this: "By this time, Ix>rd, he ? offensive." as ; Booster for cock?as if the hen Is not a roostrds ertoo; as If all birds do not roost. I'encock rsl- becomes a peafowl, as If the peahen Is not a of peafowl. 1 heard a minister reading to his , Is congregation u pastoral letter which his blsh>cn op had ordered to be read. The letter condemned many tilings, amongst them cockrighting. The"nlco" minister blushed and In hesitated before prououueing the words cockthe pit and cock-fighting, which the bishop very me properly used, for cock-flghtlng Is not chick ' In A friend bus Ufld me of an amusing Instance >'es of this mock modosty. When as a young sk* "nulllfler" he was wearing his cockHde, h to l-n!ee" young lady told him bow much she sed admired his pretty roottcrctuie. t>le. Bull, hour, ass, stallion. There seem to be rry very lew of these animals In the country; the Ho* few that ure here belong, us might be cup- , ielr posed, to the people of true refinement. The fastidious people have oxen, lie-cows, or even tbe gentleman cows,gentleman hogs, " animals," .lso and horses. Irish bulls are threatened with in. extermination, their place to bo taken by Hirn, bernluulsms. [See Appleton's Journal for * an. lt>70 for an artlcU on Irish Bulls, In which from beginning to end they are called Hibernian. isms.J By the power of the Roman Church the 8h- bulls of the Pope may long hold up their heads tan in the United Slates; but I tremble for tbe ' i be fate of John Bull. He, too, will be sent among the banished ones. ] g. .American mock modesty has caused the i lias publication of " expurgated " editions of Latin and English classics, and even of the Bina blc. The few verbal changes in tbe Book of 111- Common Prayer are traceable to It. ug- It would be well for men and women who nts are too elegant, too fastidious and too nice, to bat remember t hat Just as good manners arc found midway between fastidiousness and vulgarity. so good English, purity or speech, is found midway between " nice " speech and nasty i. g. speeeh. Dean Swift was not a model man in speech nor in behavior, but ho has left us two ln? Hflflnitlnnu which ronLain a irrcat deal of wis In dom: the one, somewhat savage. perhapn, po- " Nice people are they that harentmty Ideas:" the other, " Good manners is the art of making those people easy with whom we converse." 1 ?t? GUAMMAH ASD PB0NUW CIATI02*. (a It comes within the purview of an essay on Americanisms to discuss American peculiariflh ties in grammar and pronunciation. As to f rammar, it would be interesting to cxnmlno iitocolloqulal constructions llkcrnoM^/imon:cd ey; the land is enough better thun yours; plenty good enough; be is tome better; a toon din* 1*1, ucr; 1001 in the morning; eat it dry to; monon cy a plenty; uu yesterday ; lake it off of me: oil. every which vay; I am that tired that, etc.; If I a ho had lave wild. Interesting, too, it would >Vl. be to say something about such elliptical senj ik tences an the following: hhurU; we had more .an fun; he Is tho iesl child; she's the preUiett Ij n thing; they're gone/or good; I like to a' done if n it. nj. As to pronunciation: I should like to have ?ij. considered With you the reasons, it any there a|. be, for our people's pronouncing such words as n ? and, fleld, old, cold, bundle, candle, as if there was no d in them; also why tbe iettar t is so often left out In pronouncing words like lost, i. Just, ghost, while it is added to once, twioe, thrice, across, close, closer, so that they sound as if spelt thuB: once't, twlce't, thrlce't, acrost, >rd close't, close'ter: why bold Is sounded holt; -.ft. why let us go becomes le ss go; let me, lem me: roastlng-cars, roasen-eurs. Tho history i of the American r would be found as strange and eventful aa tbatof the English A, as we showed how it is driven from it# own home In I words like more, poor, sure, morning, orna_inent, surprise, certainly, and how it finds a r*. refuge lu words like supply, sublime, excel101 leut, widow, window, meadow, hollo; how I the word^irc, simply because It sounds In con<e. traction like r. sometimes docs not get a heur d lng; and of ten American lads?I saw the exen periment made?who wrote from dictation F id- the words suitable and opportunity, five of s e. them wrote suilerble and six of them opmittiiof nily. It would be pleasant to find out If we as could why the people who dwell on the seaa board of our State, while they do not, llko the i ti cockneys, drop the h out of words like horse, 1 to bund, house, nor prefix an h to words beginofr ningwlth a vowel, like all, egg,eye, yet should jj, pronounce Just as tho cockneys do words boj ginning with tvh, llko white, wharf, whist, e ! which, making them sound thus: wlte, wnt, I" WI warf, wist, wlch; so that the monster of the deep, which was a whale when out at Bea, be ?B??% H??I?? ime a w'ale when caught a few weeks ago li lharlcstorf harbor; and so that none bu Jharlestonlans enjoyed or could nee the put nade by the reporter of the yeuu and Oourif rhen be said that the emull of tho putrefylni ilubber filled the air with "ono unlvcrca nil." We iihoDld find it pleasant, also, to look int he difference* In pronunclatlou In the Unite* lt?tes and England, and, indeed, in the aeve ml States themselves; to find out why Vii ;lntu alone of all these states gives the Kn ;ll?h sound of a In words like father, path vrath, post?a deeper and fuller sound than li liven by tne other States; why In the South irn States words like car, garden, guard, ar jronounced kyar, gyarden, gyurd, while li he Northern States the Kngllsh prouuncia Ion Is retained; why so many of our peopl Ind It hard to sound th in words like slirlnk ihriek, and pronounce them srink, sriek Thy the tendency is strong in America tc ,vards thin and weak sounds of the vowels vhy some of our people should have adoptei roin fashionable Kngllsh clergymen am :uratcs, who arc much given to what Shak ipere calls "antic, lisping, affected phantfl lies," such an affectation in pronunciation a ther, nl-ther, for either, neither; why man; >f our Southern people pronounce 'only' wltl k short o Instead of a !ongj>asln theNortl ind in England; why dose is pronounce* iocs; and why the letter a in words ilk ilong, among, awake, away, Arab, is pre lounced by many, especially by public speak :rs and school children, as if the words wer ipclt Ay-long, ay-inong, ay-wwke,ay-way, Ay nb, nnd the Indefinite artlcic a, which shouli >e pronounced like ah short, is pronounced n public speaking especially, like a Id rate. But, an tills in an unsay, and not a book, nu?t content myself with merely making t rou the foregoing reference# concernln .hexo peculiarities in gram mar and pronuc station. Let mc say a few words about the SOURCES or BAD KKOLI8H, -of bud English not only In the United State jut in England and wherever English Is spok >n nnd read. I ?trull only briefly refer to 'ew of those sources. I. Affectation of nicety, which betrays person nto blunders such as.ovei his slgnuture, In itead of, under his signature. It should nc surprise us lo see, as another would-be acct rate phrase, this, over my hand and seal. En ;llsh idiom, It seems. must yield tothercls live position of words. This affectation of nicety also causes peopl to say, even In familiar conversation, "It I I," instead of "It's me," or simply "me, which is the true English Idiom ; and Idlon like the old emperor, Is ruprr grammaticali especially above the grammar of Lindley Mu; ray und bt? Imitator*. Affectation of correctness also gives us sue words as editress, authoress, directress, a 1?r?r onH anthnr onH t\trnt*ir\r nr* applicable to a woman as to a man. Wemlgh an well i?y wrl teres*, speakeress. partneres Those who um terms no un-English also su; She look* sweetly; she look* beautlAillj when they should say, She looks sweet; *h looksbenutirul; the Idea expressed In the la terscntences being different from the Idea e: pressed in the former. The dltMnctlon an difference are clearly seen Jn the following He looks angry; lie looks angrily at ine. bb looks cold; she looks coldly. 2. Another source of bad Englishes the it traduction Into prone of constructions an uses of word* which are purely poetical; e. | He was ever the friend of the poor, Instead i Ho always was, etc. "Everfalthtul.eversurc, Is good In poetry but bad In prose, Just as "A ways faithful, always sure. Is excellent I prose, but would be bad In poetry. Toproj erly construct,Instead of, to construct proper ly. This misplacement of theadverb betwee the Infinitive of the verb and its particle often necessary In verse to preserve tfc rhythm; e. g., fn the verse, ? To wisely dare and bravely do,|' the arrangement is necessary to keep thebei of the Iambic. In prose, howevtr, such acoi utruetlon Is inelegant and inexcusable. A range the following nccordln# to this nev fancied fashion and the passage it robbed < Its beauty: What doth tlie Lord require i thee, but to do justly, and to lovemetcy, and I walk humbly wltb thy God? [Mican, vl:t Die Inelegance Is all the greater when an a< rerblal phrase is so misplaced, thus. To at U same time assert. It is Rrcatjr W? he regrt ?? * numAVAiia AVamnlM nf (Kid hnH lit' are to be found In the ifngUAh Of our publl men and the President, and In the dcclsloi of our Hupreme Court. Indeetf tfaey dlsflgui rcrent articles In Blackwood'* Mnenilne. tt North American Review, und tbe Kdlnburg Review. . 3. A third source of ba& Englinh 1* the ml conception of the meaning of word*. Son of our newspaper* lately told u? that the <>o ernor had convened the legislature, wh< they, of eonrne, meant convoked. Transpire Is a muchmisutfefl word. Kv? educated men will say, Ten year* transpire* the event transpired; whlcb U sheer no; sense. Of course, passed of,$apsed 1* ti proper word in the first sentence, and ha pened in the second. The trne meaning transpire Is seen In thJs: What happened i the meeting ha* not yet transpired; 1. e., hi not yet become known, V \ Aggravate is used n? if It meant the son as to Irritate, to provoke: wjjereas IU meai Ing l*to make worse, to enhance. literally, add to the weight of. While therefore It ridiculous to say. He aggravated me. It Is gtx and forcible English to say. His conduct n gravated my misfortune. ' Caption, a good word Iff law-langnag meaning that part or a legal Instrumei which shows where, when, and by what a thorlty it was taken, fount) or executed, e. t the caption of an indictment Js now. In "fln< writing and speaking, made to stand for hen In?, title. We are told that, Me pu llshed an sr: Icle under llie-caption of, etc., very pedantic and absurd use of the word. Party, another good law word when used i It properly Is in court* of lkw, is used as peison and party were terms equivalent Is right to speak of a parly to a suit, or to contract, meaning a person who has taken sldo In the one, or 1* bound hy the other; bi It Is wrong to say, I met n party, meaning person. Tills misuse is not nearly so previ lent in the United States as In England. 4. Anothcrsource of bad English and last of which I shall apeak, Is found In U peculiar condition under which newspapt editors and reporter* are forced to do the work. The haste, the rOnstant pressure, U mullplkity of matter to be published and i subjects to be dlscusscd. arc sufficient exeni for the faults in construction and in th use and choice of words which mark tli greater portion of tlio rending motter four In newspapers. The whndcr Is that the sty Is not uiuch worse. When a man writes book he thinks,or should think, of the mni nerns well as the matter of his writing: newspaper writer has to think so much an so)|tilckiy about the matter that he has r time to regard the manner. Then as total* grams printed In newspaper*, wherein th worst by for of our new*colncd nnd spurloi words are found, it should be borne In mln by the hvpcrcrltleal that telegram* have I bepaldfornot according to their beauty c style, but per word. The Word Czarlcld n brand-now word, cost* only one-fourth < what the phrase, amnssin of the Cinr, cost Even riar-klller cost* too much. The tel gram, "Cznrlclde Incarcerated Moscow." is i much cheapoi, especially If from Rnssli than ttllH, "A woilin-oc nnnmn ui mo has been seized and ptit In prison In Men cow," we must not severely censure the oo respondent who prefers the former,. Th clnlms of style mint yield to the claims < economy In time and money. It Is n pit; however, that the telegraphic vocabulary not left to bo used entirely by telegraph reporters. Though tho English of newspapers Is upo the whole very good, vet llic lending artlcl< of many of them, and tho letters ol somo < their start correspondents, are examples c the very best English. Not many write: of books uso English as pure, terse, and vl oroua, as Is to Be found In the leading cc umnsof newspapers like the Xev> York Hei rt/d, and the Earning l'oxt. or the Churlettc AVto* and Courier; while manv a poo hardworked editor of a country nowspap< writes articles of greater literary merit tha his renders arc aware or. AMKKICAX PHRASE*, ? COLLOQUIAL AN PROVERBIAL. It would seem that man, In all ages and < every rncc, has felt the need ofstrongcre: preoKtond, more striking modes of speocl thnn the plain wordsand construction* of h lnngungc. Even unmeaning expletives li rnnnotdo without; hence the universal use i profane language, onths, and meaningless pa tides. To tills felt want we must ascribe th origin of proverbs, so forcible and poctlca the fondness for quotatloi*; and thecrcatlo of slang words and phrases, which are rcall very pithy and some of them very plctu esquc and poetical. And these new won and forced uses of words, by right of the aptness and convenience, though for a whl shunned by good aoclcty, are many of thei adopted at last Into tho family of good word All olasslcal languages contain words and e: presslons which once were slang. Take fi example, Mob and flham. The former, ti first syllable of the I.otln phrase, mobi irulffiu. the tickle crowd, has displaced tho ol English and Shaksperlan word, rnbhlemen And ft* for Sham,?could the writings i Thomas Carlylo have been what they ai without this word? Home slang uses of won have high authority: e. g. green; Cleopati peaks of My salad days When I was green in Judgment. ?Antony and Cleopatra 7,5. How green you are and fresh in thlso! world. ?King John, III., 4. The promise of his greener days. ?Henry V., II., 4. And Rhakspere also oses the familiar sayin "My cake is dough." ?Taming of a Shrew, V., 1. Our cake's dough on both sides. -Ib., I., J. The genius of America is Inventive, i words and phrases as well as in artsaud mai iifacturcs. It has sought out many invet lions, and amongst them are words, phrase ind sayings which, if bizarre, are very a) ind forcible, and not a few of them portion What word could describe the "help me an I'll help you" acta of politlclnus so aptly a Log-rolling? The phrase, On the war patl Is poetical as well as striking; The phras To talk bunkum, lorlg!naily,"for Buncombe' savory happy hit. The>orthCarolinaCoi ;ressman who made a flowery speech in Cor (rcss simply that it might be printed au -ead by his constituents in Buncombe dii rlct, talking, as he said, "only for Bur join be." deserves our thanks for coining uo?t expressive and useful phrase. The following Is a list of words, phrase: ind proverbial hayings in commas coiloqulr ise in this country, ijome of these "modcr: nstances" areas worthy lobe preserved a iiany of the "wise old saws." A few of ther ire slang and vulgar. Dyed In the wool. To cave in. To crawfish. English, to rat. To back out. To give out. To go back on. nr. t.ir. u/hlrth atrnnvfttonntrnrilotlnr ncuos both to attack, and to support. A lie out of the whole cloth. The last of pea-time: an admirable meta >hor. Do your level best. His head Is level. Lot her slide. "Let the world slide," Shaks K>re. You can't get round that. A bad egg. Keep ti stiff upper lip. Here is its Shaki erian counterpart. "Ho bangs the lip a ometblng." ?Troilxu and Creuide, III, 1. On the fenco. He is nowhere: and Its opposite, "I'm here." e. g. If you want the right man, I'n: here. A rabbit in the wood-pllo. That takes the rag off the bush. Don't run it in the grouud. He is verysmoil potatoo*. Its opposite [e'sHonie pumpkins. ill-dropped me like a hot potato. That's whipping the devil round the stump > To draw the wool over hla eyea. g t He'Jl take Water, 1. e., swallow Ma word*. Ii > He'll do to tie to. r Hebltcsoffmore than be can chaw. A ford* r I ble If not elegant pntmrb, furniabed by to- li 1 bacco-chewera. ti Tbe upper ten thousand. Coined by 27. P. Ji 0 Willie. I 1 The upper crust. /' a >- Scrub stock [cattle,] scrub people, scrub p ' race, [with common boraea.J K nee of tbe a * word not unknown in England, but used her* .t , more commonly,?and a very aignlflcant ex* t preaalon It la. o Tbcy gave blmbia walking papers; or walk- a; e ing ticket. e i Aa smiling, or as sweet, aaa baaket of chips. a f Aa crazy aa a bed-bog. li e It was nuts to him. In Beaumont and 8 . Fletcher's Mad Lover, lathia: "Such m are li ; nuts to me, and I moat do'em." n >- He's left oat In the cold. li j Thev're all right on the goose question. I 1 He bas a sneaking notion. 1 1 He went like ft streak o' lightning:?UKea e - blue streak;?like greased lightning. e * He's a regular stick-in-the-mud. A s That isn't to be incexed at. tl f He'd no 'count. * ti He knows the ropes. U He has tbe big-head. U i He talka big. a e He'a a regular boot-lick. ?- The mudallla of society; suggested by tbe , > pillars of the Btate. I e Lobbying. 1 Then we nave words like pop-eyed, gander* i eyed [bine,] 'possum-eyed. noway [bow d*jre I. do;] and phratea like, the last ont [all], tbe first one (none, e. g. 1 have not seen the first * 1 one,] a good time, an bour by aon, right off 0 [English, right ofl the reel,1 right away, band g going [In negro paioU. hanagwlne,) hand rani Ding, band oyer band, hear? elliptical for, do too bear? e. g. Come Into tbe house, hear? be has got religion, in the neighborhood of, meaning, about, going tbe roonds, be won't begin to do. I. e.. won t suit. * Can any pne explain tbe origin of tbe fol' lowing prbases? Right smart, a rood deal, right smart chance, a poor chance, be alnta circumstance to histetber. * 1 With the follqwing terms I close thispart of '* my essay: Sure- nougb, real; true-true, a word c 11 used by our children, meaning, real; and d these strange compounds, we-all, yon-all, t i* thov.all p a That's wn.all's hnnw Where's d l* you-ali's bng<y? ~ " c e HITALUTIN INGUSH. J is If I were o?ked to oompare the English of y " England with the English of the united t i, States, as it ! spoken and written in both ? i, countries, my araualntance with the liter- a r- ary and colloquial language of the two coon- t tries vrotild warrant me In giving this an? t h swen?that the Rngllsb spoken In the Unit?<l . I- States la better than the English spoken in c m England; 1. e. there is more gooa English ( it spoken per mouth in the UnitedBtates,Teav- , s. ingout the negroes, than is spoken permoath { r. In England:?that, on the other hand, the ( '; English as written and printed in England is ( e better than the English written and printed t- in the United States; 1. e. there is more good ( c- English published per pen In England than d is publlnhed per pen in the United States, j This Is easily accounted for. First m to . -"ni/*" Pn?tl?h Th? vrnlt of the United . 8tales are not exposed to the Inflnenceof , i- numberless provincialising and localisms as ] d are the people of England. Again, the aver- t age American reads more than the average | Df Englishman, The languagehe useslneonver- . saltan, therefore, is of a better character than ' I- that used by the Englishman, although It is i n not no Idiomatic, Second, as to written and j ) printed EnglishThe English makers of ] - books and the English newspaper editors'are , n usually better educated than the book-malt- | Is ers and editors of the United States. I ie HUH. in both countries, there is at the present day a disposition on the port of the halfeducated to indulge In a high flown and bom- i , bastlc style of English. This Is more preva- j 11 lent in the United States than In England, , n" and the Inventive genius of the United States r* has coined tne epithet which best describes the kind of English which I refer to?KlfelQ- ] L" tin English,?sometimes called Spread-Eagle j or style. This style is the besetting sin of Amer- j 0 lean writers and public speakers, and is not ] ' J unknown in England, especially in the news- j a" paper press, whereby half-educated men in- | >c voluntarily teach thelrfQueonsdousand heed- , y less readers a style that Is utterly foreign to ; e the genius or our Anglo-Saxon tonga*. c There are more than eight thousand editors < in these States and their number Is legion in r0 England, while the army of newspaper re- j porters in both countries is very numeroos. These men, more than any other class of ] men, are our teachers of English style, in vol- \ *" untarllv on their cart and unoonscioosly on i le oura. their influence la extraordinary and \ v* all-pervading. la that Influence * good one? ,n Are they teachers of rood Engliab T J with I ( could lay they are. Hot to the beat educated i n nmongit them aa well aa to other educated 1 ' men It la plain that the lhflaenoe ot cewepa- i D* per writer* upon our Engllab language and i >e atyle la very hurtful and vitiating It ' P* tend* to the banlahmcnt from oar language01 ?r simple, homely word*, and to the introdueal tlon of latinized, atllted, bom baa tic terra*,? 1,11 words or learned length and thundering , aound. which too often though foil of sound i ,p and rury signify nothing. "* Tbla inflated, turgid, pompoua atyle, well 10 nnmed Mophomoric,la characteristic of many public oratora, "atump" apeakera, writera of ** m*n?ntionnl novels, and writera of nrwa-p?r8" ngraphs. According to its vocabulary a man < does not begin or lead in anything; he inau* gurnUj*, Initiated, or takes the Initiative. He never apenka bla mind; he ventilates bla " opinion: He never simply aays anything, nor even asserts it; he venturea the aaaer* : tlon. He la not a man of clear vlewa; he ia a ; gentleman of pronounced opinlona. He la 1 b* not a good and liononrable man ; he la whole* A souled and high-toned. He never dlaelalma unworthy sentiments; he repudlatea them. 1 " He does not agree with you ; he endorses yoar > views. He does not take part in a convcrsaH tlon ; he participates In It. He doea not give n the rest or hla land to a poor kinaman living 1 " in Texas; he donatea the balance of bia real 1 " estate to an Impccunioua relative who located . n in the Lone8Uir Htale. Hia generoua deed *- does not earn praise; It eliclta enthusiastic encomiums. He evinces deep Interest; never '" w\r% tA A h A A?A ,v I DUUWII IW 11C linn iiv iiviiiv w |w, uv y w < le cccUn to his residence, He does not eat hU r breakfast; he partaken of bltf morning repast.' i lr When be marries a wife, he doe* not ask hi* friends to the wedding; being matrimonially ' Inclined he extendi an invitation to them to e attend the nuptial ceremony; and an account < p of the marriage nppearts nnder the heading, ?no, the caption, Hymeneal. On' his wed[d ding trip he 1* never so unfortunate as to be I" in a railway collision ; the trains collide, but i ?* be is not hurt; be sustains an injury. Even n- though a married man he has not * a wife ; he and his spouse are sport ken ot as Mr. Brown Jones and lady, in Unlike Adam, who had to eat his bread In the f- sweat of his face, orir modern man never ( i' sweats; he suffers Irum perspiration. If he i )" be a stranger, people Inquire into bis antece- : d dents, which Is supposed to mean bis previ- ; ? our course. If one tells him he has told an j untruth, he says there is no Issue of veraeity i e. between them. If sick, he does not get bet- 1 ter; be convalesces, or recuperates. Common i * people may go to bed. and may die; not he; i c- be retires, and he expires. When dead, he is ] lf> not burled in the graveyard; he Is interred in i *. the cemetery, his body having been enclosed. ir not In a vulgar coffin, but in a " handsome' ] >* case or casquet. No tombstone or gravestone j r- marks Ms grave; nothing less than a mona< i e ment marks the place of nls sepulture, i Here are a few samples of grandiose EhT. giuh : A telegram tells as " they are incabat- | }8 Ing enterprises." The New York Timet speaks i lc of "genuflecting on the knee." In a speech of | Sumner's is the word rldtculoslty, and ?s mag- , n azlne speaks of impecuniosltv. I heard ; e* public speaker say In one breath, 14 the lncep" tlon, the origin, the beginning." Disraeli, i ? writing in "Lothair" about Bond Street in < r* the early morning, speaks of "an imperfect i f- conception 01 lu matutinal charm." fChap. i 'I- xxxill.] In rhap. 11 v. there appears, "Dim in j r* the matin twilight, soft with Incipient day, then coruscating with golden Hashes." A 1 r. minister spoke in public prayer of those "who j *r consider the Interests of their sonls a matter i n of Nccoudary Important*;" and ended with, ( ' and eventually take us to Thyself." An ed- j D ucatlonal Journut spoke ot a book agent's be- ; ing "chccked In th? midst of a brilliant ca- ] " A lntofj?M.|glnn nf ntir HnnrAmA Pnnft < r>r has three wondrous words, unanalysable, dlst asseverate, corporeity. h. A letter In a newspaper speaks of Mexpel? dltlng legislation with accelerated celerity ie and Increased velocity which Is a match in of tautology Tor I/ongfellow's couplet In the r- Legend Beautiful? e Should he slight this heavenly gnest, I; Slight this visitant celestial n ?and For this other in the same poem: ly Like a vesture wrapped around him r- Like a garment round him thrown, is Last week on the top of King's Mountain, lr an orator was glad to se? bis hearers "enle thused"; he spoke of things that "erlm denced" something else; and said the moons' tains would "monument" the feme of the ? Revolutionary heroes. 3r The following is from a copy of vtnen In ie my possession, written by a very sensible It young man. printed, tbongb not published, Id and' presented by bim to tbe maiden in t. whose honor they were composed. Marriage o( is the theme: re 0! me thinks I see that consummate day Is Plodding onward, ushering this way, ra m which the vertiginous anticipation! shall end. By the vinculum of two genial Mends: And transform these Utopian imagination* Into real and intrinsic manipulations. ., The false taste which made the yonug lover lu write these marvellous lines leads other men to prefer to simpler Saxon the following and similar words: lethal, militate, panicked, post-mortemed, suicided, Infanticide*.!, catastropbed, abluted, bankrupted, g, vicinity, Itemize, obligate, necessitate, effectuate, grandeurlze. Contrast with the foregoing bombastic, ar uncial, ana osienuwoun svyie vuo ivrvox, simple, clear Saxon of Shakespere. Here is a quotation from Macbeth, Id which out of its fifty-two wordi only two are of more than n one syllable, fifty-one are pure Anglo-Saxon l* word*, the only word derived from a foreign language being "desires," from the French: *r That is a step 31 On which I must fell down, or else o'erleap, ' For In my way it lies. Stars, hide your flres, a Let no light see my black and deep desires, * The eye winks at my hand. Yet let that be J' Which tho eye fears, when It Is done, to see. j AW X8SAY i- is a short treatise containing, as compared i- with other writings, the most matter fo the d fewest words. I fear that in calling this longi some tract an essay lam chargeable with a i- misuse of the word, for it lacks that brevity a which Samuel Butler says la very good <, When we are, or are not, understood. il If I have succeeded, however, In stirring np n In your minds a livelier Interest in the study s of English than you felt before, your time q I has not been misspent nor my pains wasted, * I tha rnnelnainn nf the whole matter is tills: t ?in speaking and writing, onr aim, should " be, Ural, to be understood; second, to nae the J! beat style; and these two are one, for the best " style Is the simplest, and the simplest style r Ik moot easily understood. There is always I and naturally a difference between the oolfoi, qulal and the literary styles. Itmaybesalcf that the best literary style Is formed midway between the colloquial speech of dally life, with its familiar words and elliptical con- " structions. and the rhetorical affectation and D dramatic display of the declamatory style, so f( florid, diffuse and artificial. Equally true Is ^ - it that the best colloquial style fs found bo- q tween coarse and vulgar language on the one gj hand ; nnd the language of lltoratore on the ? other, by which, of course, I mean prose - writings; for as for poetry, the poets are a law e t unto themselves, and the condition of a Ian- t| guage is to be Judged not by its poetry but by ^ its prose. a) Purity of style whether colloquial or llterai ry, cannot well be taught in a series of les- w i sons. Like good taste and good manners, It cj Is not made, it grows, and grows only in the I u soil and atmosphere which suit Its rultlva-ljj, tlon. The good style that Is taught is likethe i <j> good manners lenrntof the dancing-master,! tt , very correct, and according to rule, but very I q pretentious, self-rnnsrlous. nnd sometime* i vulgar. By familiar lnrterconrBe with the well | educated, and the careful reading of our En- j t! mgggsBKOSBBBSSBSSSSgBSBSKS U.b clirsaka, w# mire a a the only poMibU w?y?b/ abaorpuos. The aMtfe of good wrtten mmd th? comnt pMebtflbe well edmemted U tbt comma* idndto we l7they ?r* 1mm,alloywI.ooob erfe\t or xenolne. Tblt kv bu mudiwim the bin English ityta U?t en wbleb mtm iy Iain, tlmple words and dear and direct contractions. The Engllsb of oar generation, Ike the Latin of tbe post-Aagnstan if*, ia Hiding towards artificiality, ostentation, orament and self-consclousaw the nrt rmptome of decay in any language; a tenancy which all Kogllan-epeaking people bo old endeavor to cheek. TIM heir* of wt . . tngcage of tbe English Bible, tbe Plan of , hakspere, tbe Pilgrim'* Pregr^aa Md not> aeon Croeoe, of tbe poems efuofcUplth, tb? rritings of Borke, tbe sweet PfCf of JVlVkagton Irving, tbe tender pafboe of (Ha&ttr smb. tbe biaatifbl periods of mimmUr, (otley and Preeeott, and tbe wbffcl of lassieal authors, porta, bUtortaaa, union. ssayists and Porcitcla-Eagliskss >i aa4 imerlcaos sboold court It a work worthy of heir beet efforts to stady tbe keagty; Ilk* ' irength, tbe simplicity of their nobif' old inguage, togoardIt from erfl influences, tea" o transmit it to posterity, English per* and defiled. ; . ?'* ' lope for the DnnksnL : ^ # .'-***' > J ' L CESTUI CUM fW PIT Hi#ittM Fovnu( > r>'fr v.. le Dkmivrj 1tto kj ft CfclMfi H|? ^ . gicika?What Ze4 Penirigd Bftrfc " Will Do-Tbe Itea^y wrt 8wwtSome HoteMe Cm Twhtmti, . [CMcatfo LttUrtoIftw Yofhim*.] " ly discovered by Dr^Ufeert DTJagar, WbMt-. -i.v tot only carea Intemperance, MM) lswr?r>tb? < [rnnkard with an atocQlote arewUm le >?lrtv- 't ions liquors. Mr. Joseph MedlH. tbe editor4 tbe Ckuoffo Trtovm, u one of tthBsiis* y>v. ndonsTsofithe new remedy. Itr.Medltnms tad many scientific anides Ik DM. 9MBamw> ,bont It, and has oflen drroted edMeriallMM* " 0 make known to thje drunkard that tftelaen '* *1 simple remedy, which can<avck4kta'Tssr;- . erday I had along talk wltb1i>. M<iUHftQak ' *-?- "iii vien^ai ?U1: "Tbln S?on?of thymol wuuMiftil 41*- .? ior?rfenafiboafe. Pf. Warnbaa ?1?Hy aired 2jBOO mm of tbo tmnt iiw of iajaMr.^..... wranco. Ho takes mo debaaefa*d bf Or jewMakd m< >,(lBW?i>lMi|Mlt. iome*ot?aBd >a tea d^iMMi??WiM ,.... >f bits with a poiitlTt ovontoB U>U*?*vv7 " " Yoo baro kw UMModtetno liiit" - '.-.rr . ,f # "Yea, repeatedly. Why, om of oaf JgniUlif - 'I twa bmmtmnww iimtofolpiimi ' ifo. HefeU toUM loweot d?ptha. JRo?mr* Ted in tbe doiU Hie wlfe.a lovely wifiair rot a dlvoroo Iran Mm. Bntat tf? 1m) mo-' . nent, whoa ready to die, tbia Moa'aty^ad* Jlod thU womierfni remody. 1* >?r daxa, . ila op petite him book, aad in ojfeook M ... mined the dm of bla famfoo? hoarim (m Nftfc, rben eotorcaaao to him cb?*a? aoiM? w? reeka be ?m i well biob. He M aoJnagtng _.. Eor liquor. H? pwtUTely btUi Uwdutof ? till wife and cnlidrea vedeMail,m4 m?'' morrow thia reformed and eared dnfcnkbrd la to bo Married ocaln to tbtloifUfnitko. Had to leave bla a year aco/V "la tbia medicine a aeeretf; ' "No, not at jail. Dr. D*Unf*rk'a ngatftr practitioner. He tella tbe aeer^t to rrerrotvo, and many of cmr phyaiciana ttra'atfag bw dlaoovery. I will flyeyoa a nolo tokUa, aad ha ' s will tell yon about it.*' ' Armed wltb Mr. Medlll'a ao4* T oallodoo ? Dr. D'Dnoer at the Palmer Hoato. "Tooaro ' * lust Id lime," Mid theDoctor. ? JbH|?> lag to eall on a patient now who, though * ' rich man, baa been a debauched drunkard Ibr fifteen yeors. For six weeks IwkMbMalD bed as neipleua aa a child. KU memory waa ren gone. He baa bw taking my medielaa for four days." "la Mr. ? in bed?" asked tbe Daetor, a? ire fare our names to tbe eervuafe "Oh, no; he'a la' the parlor f ilm nwlli ->. In." ' t, v . ABd there wMth^dmnkardietrnweAWi mentally cored. Wbdatfir Doctor ?Mkl? IfbebaJany iooflaf MrHqMr,h?aaM? "Ha. i none whatever. I bate eaten U* bntMei this morning that I.bave eM>? t? flftae* rears. I am not men tatty hw iinl.Iaav , . , Urong; and I wouldn't take aXutfcTaf liquor , ... for the world, and?" ?< ? ?Jtnr '-t Oh, Doctor r' Interrupted hie Wljteeab* . took both his hands,''youhuueauedGeofafc,. . abdwe are eobappgr rand the* bareyeeilBc with traitor joy. i-i ' r" W1U that i? e?rdrtili f^ufMrilrrfl (1. . theDoetor. ^ .sit!IV "No. I've never bad a pattcat cored by Hf* efcoaarufrwrctura to drink fall). .TbeyhaU the light of Ikjuor.V , .. "V; " N ow, Doctor.'* I mid, 4 what did too ilyU tbla patient, or. In.ptbef.wor^H nil IM U plain English w?t yoor M^dlfeOf b.bowjroa prepare It, and bow anyona Maychreft to to ears an. baWtOal.,dxank#ra^-j[ -Bean S drunkard with inflamed, traXbMlag bands, bloated body, and Intellect shattered by habitaal drink." v " 4 - My medicine," aaldtbe' DoMer,~ daa<ba. - ' ,? bought at any tnt-cIblTdn* etore.lt* fu? . Peruvian berk .(e*?M*?B nk' Qulatae ia n > from the How.tbero - V ate eighty vajrlutlM Of thl< bant. l?Wtbe " * bark from the small limbs of thered variety. . Druggists eaU It tbe onUTbark. beeaosalt somes from twigs the ana ol a ^ulu.* How do you mix It*** *. i.r " I take a pound of tbe IrtbuH <*M red^_ Peruvianbark (sMiHina nitiwlijfiirtf aaA,, 3??55MMP*r prepare It." -f. V . \ . "fiowdoyongiYethHsie4leU?*C . v " 1 fire the drank en hmd * ImjowfM inr- . ery three boon, endpeeailonaiii?K>?eten hl?, tongue between the doited the 8n(|Mtwna4 ' lay*. It actt, like quinine. TMpfilrat CM v~' tell bjra headache if be J* (ttnimMMk - Tbf third day 1 generally rMoeftt? 4q4e to *' half ?pooo/tH, tht?to?qiyuW|pt)onJtaXtlie? flown to fifteen, tea and Are an*4* ? ' * Bow long do 7ou'coctlnneHfciaedlMatT,*<' " From Ore ft>feneenid*ir%n?*ta?UMB?caeee to thirty day*. Here* IttkaaltMaf* nun." . - ? ? vr? ' .. | "Now.pleaee te? aw the pfelloeoyhy. ot (Uf medicine?why it core*- draakenweea, Me, bow TOO happened t?nj|<ttnlln>ni|r " Well, flnt you nfnet Madifelead. (let la? temperance, flrat a habit* flnaJJy bieuwee ?. dieeaae. It becomta^* dleeoa* oTth# aerrw celU.or.lf talking ton pbyleiep.I MioatfAf It become* a dlieaiept tbe tnntrrUlf a#illa. , I found by dlaeeetlng tbe brtlaef atutt wbo bad died of dellrlnm trenene tbat.U*MUe.ef tbe q uadrlrem 1 nal body, or tbe eelli thuS*M' . tbe nervee to the eye, were In aa enaaf <1r itateon tbeouteld#,'whileMOlwlM MrtM tbenuelTee 1 discovered ajr?lloWj yeatty-MMt*learned anermaeh MMMb.tytBb'MMmtl ?*K* ?A(n? ciMlvht 1A Ik* AAU ildo of tbeas celts. Ko^ Ki 4ittk n>Hk>n continued the Doctor, "oread. food, it. vUl lake It foor boon to paar Ummgb the dlgast* . Ire organa. be takes up In tbe blood, and be pMiea to the ncrre cells, trmtn wbieb- tbe brain la fed; white if I drink aloobol ltsHU to atrmtght to thc.norva opIW inihreemlnuie?. Tnia shows tbatslco?ol 10 not dlgeated. It la not food. ItlsapoteOBoaeflbldciedriibi* ty, which goec over tbe aepaitive nerree ae alectrity goec over a wire, atxaight to tbe oat* tide of the nerve eelie, which U TllmnUtt* artificially, when tbeysbooid be stimulated naturally through tbe blood. ' ' '* "If the aptrlt part .of alcohol." eon tinned tbe doctor.Rwere directed like some, tbe kidoeyaand liver would. extract Awn it lis pel* onoua properties -as they estMM- tbe Ugart* oua aalU from oar food, and thle poison Would never reach the brain. One* sttasalatod an* naturally bjr a poisonous substance like whisky, the nerve eel la call for larger and larger loses, till brand by a man eaa drink two lunrta of whisky or eat seventy grain* of morphine a day. CfacAena rubra stops the tall far alcohol/ "Does not red Peruvian baufc and aloobot totb stimulate tbe nerve cellar Ike* why Ban one enretbe other?" I asked. " Well, alcohol la a fermented, distilled itlmnlant, with poison lb lt, wbUemymedislneia a natural stimulant, containing no pot* ion; ao jriy medicine 'stimulates thenervae, ind, not being polsonoos, allays Inflammation? that is, ft holds the calls open until tbo morbid depoeit is forced oat. and tbe eeilaao* ;u?torn themselves to receive tbeir sUmalaa naturally through tbo arteries; It step* all srarlng for alcohol." " Please explain tbo pnaasga of food nsdpol loned aloobol to tbe beaift again," I wi ' Well, when ank drinks alcohol It goea, like electricity, straight to tbe serreoeHs; Lhenoe to tbe eye. tbroogb'tbe ?pas nerve; then to the brain, making b anaa talk-lively; then to tbe spinal center, umbering the bade: * then to tbo muscular system, and, when li Unally gets to the stomach, he vomits. Pood roesjustin tbe opposite direction. Pood goea Co the stomach first, than into.tbe bleed, then to the heart, and, Anally, throagk tbo arte* riea to the brain." " Then red Peruvian bark stimalatec aad ' - ?11- all oanai up in? ocn? nu* uuui -?j- w rocolye nutrition trom the Mood7" M Yea, tbat'a it. Tb? only eredlt I eUls to making tbla dlacovery tad dlaeoverlng the location of tbed}aea*eknowa asaipeocBanla." "How did you discover that red dwhcaa bark would cure drnnkenneeef** "Well, I flrat dliowit it. dowa la Mary? < land twelve yewa Am aoooant waa published in the Safr M Out l>?ii .IbM. k caaeof a d ran karri- HH llwic i iwka sleo bad intennltteat few lHwa*. Iwe*. >. aaaeof fcver, and ao I bark ioeteadoT quinine. To ?y It not only eared hie fevee, bat be antr ranted to drink whlaky afterward. When tie went latoa aatooo and the boya aaked blm to drink. Bill aaldi "I can't boya. That dagfoae red bark Lbe doctor care dm not only killed my fcver, jat it a polled all the wbiaky ia Mary land br me.* "What oonapicaona carer la Q)leago ean rou refer to, doctor?" "Well, Dr. 8. B. Noble. He had Um aloo* lollc dlaeaee.- Hie nerve eella wen apteaa td. Hewaaonce PreeMeat of tfee-illkMia Cental Aaaoclatloa. He got to be a bard Irinker. Hie mind began to be aff>eted. hough a acbotax and a gentleaiaa, beloved >y. everybody. He tried red Peruvian wirk three weeks ago. He'^a well man aotr tnd everbody In ChleafO loeka it Ml can m \ miracle. Dr. Noble Know* It WM dimm, tnd don't object to be referred to." I tin aatiaflod that If the phytldaiu la few York will five Dr. D'Unfer'# dlttbtn * trial they will do mow tor temperuce In a year tban Goo*h and Murphy km one In all their lire*. It la lb# flrat r?aaly rer dtecorered that kill* the dlaaaee and he tacJIaatlan iodda>?twi?M< tt??? IttMk Col.FrankCoxe,yeeWrdaf, wnNilhliH. ence Zoom Greenyllle of the arreat lar tlMt Ity of Toar necroea fbr the burning of Um ew Academy of mnalc, which oeeora Jaat bejre laat cbrlatmaa. One of the nesroeehoo anfewed and implicates icor om?n. ol coxewM part owner of the boaaeandever nee the Are nas been engaged quietly In rorklnr aptbe cm?. Tblt mows bow bard , la for the gatlty to escape If the proper enery anb Intelligence are set to work to capture letn. Col. Coxe has been partlccalysBOoess illn ovetakibg criminals because he never ,ops till he get* them.?CMHeOt 06wrtwr. Co*esbuky, Feb. 3k?Mr. Joseph Simmons lib his family from Nora Scotia, has parlased the plantation and fine dwelling near llsplaoe. from Captain John W.Watta. The ? u irelllng baa been unocctrpfed for three year*. bey are moving In to day. We weioome ie Nova Scotlaos Into cror mldit.? M. in freeKville JVewt, Nr.w tvpc and excellent pressawork give ie Kershaw GauBt a handsome appearance. '] nnnHHi