Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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J NO. 2 WILL B! GRA1 * ?oI.ato i.-\ fhoir frionds 2\LC pi C];illCU IU DIIV ?T ?,v Staple Dry Ms, Hats, Slues anil Also a Selcct Sto In the Dry Goods Line'will be found, CALICOES, BL.EAC BRO?VAT SH TICK OSXABURGS, and many other t In the Grocery BACON, FLOUR, MOLASSES, NEW ORLEANS SVRI MACKEREL R] POWDER AND SHOT, and everytli Also a complete Lot of ORANGES; LEMONS, JELLIES, B SARDINES, CRACKERS, Sill both French and Common. We have ou hands BAGGING and Come one! Comeall!! we think v Rf>nt,_ IS. 1372. 53-tf FOR J&/I. GBEEIH , * EARLY ORDERS WILL E Jany 15, IS73, tf T*T ATT TZY* i w.?LLsiuj?y& c MERCH ARE now ofleVing to tlio public in line of all the Goods generally i TiiEin have been selected with gre : ... READY MA A FINE STOCK 03 A good Groceries, Hardware, To which the attention of purchasers WALLE Feb. 19,1ST3, 45-tf nVSCetariale TIIE MAliBLE YARD is remove Shop and handsome Otfice pr< Street, above the Mai shall Houeu. ITALIAN AND i Can always be found on hand, and rior muDiu'r, and at prices lower th Also, a fine collection of Designs STONES, which can be fivroished i and styles. Liumber I LUMBER!! LUMBER! TIIE nndorigned, having.pnrchaf the STEAM SAW MILL si ated immediately at the jtt iction the Air-Lino and Blue liirige ii roads, are prepared to furnish, ati shortest notice, an}' qua.ity or (ju tity of Lumber at the Lowest Cs Prices. Orders solicited. TAYLOR & HUNNICUTT Perryville, S. ZjST" All parties desiring LurnV tinacquaintad with the fiim, will |?k> give a reference. TJ3RMS TO T1YELY CASII. Feb 19, 1873 43-3m State of South Carolina, ABBEVILLE COUNTY. In the Probate Court.. Exparle Mary E. JSapier. Petition for Homestead Exempt "TkTOTICE is hereby ffiven, that J J^l Mary E. Napier, widow of Be miu C. Napier, late ;>f Abbeville Cc ty, deceased, lias applied to me for Jottimnt of Homestead in the Re and Personalty Estate of said Benja C. Napier, Deceased, and that on 30th day of May, A. D. 187.3, 1 will point appraisers to appraise and set the Homestead to Mary E. Napit*,1 o\v, and to William Napier, Laura Napier, Mary Napier, Jennie Na and Georpe Napier, minor cliildrei said Benjamin C. Napier, Deceased. . CHARLES W- GUFF IN, J. Pro. A. April 2G, 4873, 3-tf ; . Half Gar Load of r\* j ' ST. LOUIS FLOU Warranted to giv'o satisfaction J. B. & W. J. IiOGEE March 26, 1873,50-tf REMEMBER THIi We continue to sell our Goods tc Prompt-Paying Me] TERMS LIBERAL. . QTJARLES & PERRI1 Jan 22,1873 41, tf 61 rUUllL/ HI BITE RANGE. a select Stock of Full Goods, consisting of Bjois, Crockery, Groceries & Pro . ck of Confectioneries. IIED AND IRTIXGS. COTTOX PI,AIDS, INGS, KERSEYS, JEANS AND :liings too numerous to mention. Line will be found, JP, SUGAR, , LAKI), RIO and JAVA COEFEE, . CE, SOAP, CANDLES, STAltCH, SODA, inj; in the Groeerj' line. Confectioneries, consisting of BANANAS, COCOA NUTS, RANDY PEACES, ' OYSTERS, BET CAKES; CANDIES, TIES, which we will sell low. re can suit you. SALE BT LSDIDJ, -?L?r?n.t,, 700D, S. C. NSUItE PHOMPT attention. fc BROTHER, :ants -AT iod Warfilaw & Edwards! tiv 1 Are opening their Stock of Goods adap-; ail- 1 ted to the season, not the largest, best! the I selected, most desirable or cheapest ever an- brought to this market, hut such as they ! think they can make it to the interost of purchasers to examine. April 9, 1S73, 6^-tf c ZLa^dioiS )er 1 Desirous of seeing a convenient, eco ' nomical and desirable household "Trick," are invited to will at use SI WARDLAW & EDWADS. I April 0, 1873. 52-lf ' At Ho. 3 Granite Ban Wardlaw & Edwards, "Would call attention to their Cfc]Daily Opening" t* n 1. 1 _ n j? any ci seasonable uruuus, uiin 1 a,1,? Dry Goods, Staple and Fancy, ;vif' SHOES AKD HATS, ! E.' Ready - made Clothing, . ' Hardware and Crockery, I1 GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS, I . Tobacco?? Specialty. Cona. 600 BUSHELS Prime Whits in Store, 400 Bushels White to arrive in a few days. WARDLAW & EDWARDS. April 9, 1873, 52-tf .RCIIA.RD Grills Seed, Red Clove] 1 Seed, and Lucerne Seed/ PARKER & PEBRIN. )0D, S. C? i their new and handsome building, a full J needed in this community. STOCK OF at care, and unusually attractive. M CLOTHING. ? BOOTS AHD SHOES. assortment of Crockery, and Glassware. is invited. Give us a call. ti & WRrmTER. ?L 5L i??V a a > "^TlTor'ls.s 2 d from its old quarters lo its new Work spared ezpressly'for the business ou J\Iain A fine stock of all work warranted to be done in a odris an elsewhere. for MONUMENTS AND FANCY HEAD it short notice. Cali and see Our prices Is upon us and with its advent NOTICE. All Administrators, Exec utors, Guardians, Trustees, &c., ARE herobv required to make their * l T? . ? __ il.. 1UTO ?,i AHlllKll ju'llirilS JOT IIIC vein joi-, yjn account of the Estates which they rep sent. Chapter XCI Section 1, General , Statutes of South Carolina, provides: Section 1. That executors or admin istrators shall annually, while any es- . tate shall remain in tlTeircare or custo dy, a? the first Court to be held after the . first day of January, render to the Judge of Probate of the County, from whom thev obtained probate of will or , letters of administration, a just and true' account, upon oath, of the receipts and | expenditures of such estate the preced-i( ing year, which, when examined audi approved, shall be deposited with the J inventory and appraisemefit, or other!, papers belonging to such estate, in tiie: oftjee of tiie said Judge of Probate, there!, to be kept for the inspection of such i n? nmv he interested in the said j estate. > Chapter CI, Section 2, also provides: J Sec. 1. AH guardians of estates, ap- , pointed bv the Judge of Probate, shall render to him an annual account of their actings and .doings, as executors ->r administrators are required by law to do, and upon making default, shall forfeit their commissions. C. W. GUFFTX, J. Pro. A. C. J. C. WosMANSIvY, C. C. Pro. A. C. Feb. 5, 1873, 43-tf. THE undersigned hovo just op need an entire new stock of . GROCERIES, Provision and Liquors, ks well as Other Good3 in < their Line. |< 11 \t the Old Stnnd of A. M. IfTLL, re- < ently TROWBRIDUE & CO., where 1 kve will be pleased to serve the public t CHEAP FOR CASH, A. M. HILL. < Jan. 29, 1*73 ,?> +f < ( The oniy heiiauio uiii msu'iuiHiuii in ( the Country. \ $ 0,000 ?0. ? j SX VA T,IMBIBE gifts:] to lie distributed in I,. D. SINI'l'S 1 101th liejruln'' Monthly 1 GIFT ENTERPRISE!, To be drawn &londay, June ?!d, lfc>73. Two Grand Capitate of 1 5,009 each in Greenbacks, i Two Prizes .<1,090. Five Prizes ^ Ten l'rizea.?!?(). Kuc-li in firecnlmoks.!, l Hor.se and Bujrfry, with silver.moun ted IIarness, worth $(J"0. < One Fine-Toned Ilosewood Piano,i I worth $300! Ten Family Sewing Machines, worth. $100 each. I1 Five Gold Watches and Chains, ji wort/t $300 each! . Five Goid American Hunting AVatoh es, worth $1-5 each, Ten Ladies' Gold Hunting "Watches, worth S7o each. 8(H( Gold ami Silver Lever Hunting"' Watches (in all,) worth from $20 to i'JUfti each. Gold Chains, Silver-ware, Jewelry, &c. Whole number Gift, G,5(J.O. Tickets i Limited to 00,000. Agents wanted to soil tickets, to whom j Liberal Premiums \vill be paid. Single Tickets SI; Six Tickets Twelve Tickets $10.; Twenty-live Tick-! ets $20. Circulars contain a fi'll list of prizes, a description of the manner of (hawing and other information in reierence 10 tlie Distribution, will be sent to any one ordering them.* All letters must, be address**.I to L. I). SINE, H?x 8G. MAIN OFFICE CI.NC1N.NaTI, 0, 101 w. Fifth St. PECENIX GUANO. WILCOX, GIBBS & CO.'S Manipulated Guano. e can lill orders promptly for the above celebrated Fertilizers, im ported and prepared by Wilcox, (iibbs& j Co., Charleston, 8. C., and Savannah, (JSa., as.they have ample stores on hand to supply all demands. Order soon before the railroads are blocked up with freight. j Special attention is called to the use of 1 +11 ? 1"* I I rr.\: I V ( JI A \ n ti t? v*m 1 u*i f h I cotten seed. Apply lor circular giving prices, . terms, &e., to Feb. 20,1S73, 4(I-4t QUICKSILVER, for Bed Bugs, I alia.s Chinches. W. T. PENNEY. Feb. 2G, 1S72, -lG-il' Final Discharge. OTK'E is hereby given that David Jordan, Adminis! lator of the i Estate of Bartholamew Jordan, dec'd, has applied to Charles W. tJuMiii, Judge of Probate, in and for the County ol Abbeville, for a final discharge as Ad ministrator. ; It Is Okdkred, That Itte fifteenth day of May. A.# J). If-7.'), be fixed for 'hearing of Petition, ami a final settle jmcutof huiil Kstate. DuPRE & SMITH. n J. C. WO^IANSKY. . c. c. r. a. c. April 8, 52-41* Blowing Bubbles. A HOME SCENE. Our Albert, with his pipe and bowl Where the bright"sunlight lingers, rs seated just beyond'the reach Of baby's chubby fingers. The little ones, with one accord, Forgetting all their troubles, Are blisj- in the pleasant sport Of catching Albert's bubbles. . Andgranpapa, in his great arm-chair, Diverted by their clamor, l'o have him in their pastime share, Lays down his Prairie Farmer. lilc Albert, pleasnd'nt his succoss Jn entertaining, doubles His futile eflbrts to supply The great demand for bubbles. 'Nov.', children, you may each take! turn," Cries grandpapa, gay as any, 'Whoever blows the biggesi ones Shall have a bright, new penny. "1 'Come, Ben, will you the first one he \, To try to win the wager?" 'I dcss not, draupapa, but you'll see Me kill 'em like a major." 'I do not wonder much," said Rose, "That J3en would rather break them. He often sucks, but never blows, Whene'er he tries to rnuke them." \nd now bright eyes grow brighter with Unspeakable admiration, [uvariably followed by . Regretful exclamation, rheir feelings are too deep for words, - But joyful looks express tllem, A.nd grandpapa sits witli fnoistened eyes, And murmurs low, "God bless them! 'May all their pleasures be as bright.; . Likewisb may all their'troubles, Fancied and real, be as light And transient as the bubbles." 3ne word from ma dispels the charm, No one cares who is winner ; They scatter in uproarious baste, Thai magic word was?dinner! decision of the Supreme Court of the: United States on the Homestead Law. The following is the full and offi Mill report 01 tnu nupuruwic ucuiaiuu )ti the Homestead Law as pro-, i oil need by Associate Justice! swaync, in the Supreme Court of; :he United States: JohnMcK. Gunn, plaintiff in error,' vs. Charles jb\ Barry. This is a writ of error to the Su nipreme Court of the State ol jJeorj^ia. On tho 12th of May, 1866, the jlainlitf in error recovered in the' Supreme Court of Randolph Coun a judgment against Win. R. Ll.rt, tor the sum of $-J02 30 prin inn.1 iiiwl f,0 interest ud to iaie of the judgment, and eo.-ts. An excursion \v;is issued upon the ud"nient, and placed in tlie hands the defendant in error as sheriff { >1 t.iat county. He was thereby L'ouinianded to make the sums lbove mentioned and further inter-: istuppn the principal from the 12th j :>f May, 1866, and tlie costs. The' plaintiff in error requested higj? toi IAt?ir iifirm n frnnt of land of 272.1! icres, belonging to Hart, the de fendant in the judgment. Barry refused. . He assigned as the only reason for his refusal that the prem ises had been setoff to Hart under the provisions of the act passed by the General Assembly of the State, and approved October 3d, 18G9, en titled "An act to provide for set- j ting apart a homestead of realty; incl personalty, and for the valua- j tion of said property, and for the; full and complete protection and security of the same to the sole use and benefit of families, as required by section first of article seventh of the Constitution, and for other pur poses. Gunn thereupon petitioned the Superior Court of the county for a " ' 1 x- 1 I _ writ 01 manuamus to euiiipui me sheriff to make the levy. The petition set forth that the land in question was the only pro perty known to him subject to the lien of his judgment, except a tract of 28 acres of the value of 9100, situated in the county <>f iSte.vart, which was also included in the homestead so. sot apart; that the premises in question were worth the sum of $l,-300v and that they embraced a much larger number of acres than the real estate exempt from levy and Side by the laws in force when the judgment was re covered and when the debt on WHICH it Wilb iuuiiucu nao vuuuav cd. It does not appear that these al legations were denied, and wc do not understand that there is aiiy controversy upon the subject. After a full hearing1 the Court affirmed the validity ot' the act in its retrospective aspect, and gave Judgment against the petitioner. The Supreme Court of the Btatc !affirmed t-hisvidgment. ' The first section of seventh arti of the Constitution of Georgia ol 1*6(5 provides that "each head of a family, or guardian or trustee of n family of minor cTiildren, shall he j entitled to a homestead of realty fc I the value of 82,000 in specie, and personalty property to the value ol 81,000 in specie, to bo? valued al the time they are set opart, and nr Court or ministerial otficcr in tlii; 'State "shall ever have jnrisdiftion oi 'authority to enforce an\ judgment j decree, or execution against sail 'property so set apart, including such improvement as may he mad* thereon from time to time, excep . for taxes, money borrowed or ox jpended in the improvement of tin homestead, or for the pnrchas' money of the same, and for labo done thereon,.01* material furnishet therefor, or removal of incumbran. ces thereon." The tii st section of the act of the 3d Octeber, 18G8, is in the same terms. It may well be doubted whether: both these provisions were not in tended to be both wholly prospec tive in their ellect. But as wc understand the Su preme Court-<?f the State has come to a different conclusion, we shall no. consider the question. 'ITia statute in force when the judgment was rendered declared that the following property belong ing to :i debtor who was the head of a family should be exempt from sale, to wit: "Fifty acres of land and and five additional ones for each of the children under the age of sixteen years, the land toinclude ihe dwelling house, if the same and 'improvements do not exceed two hundred dollars; one farm horse or muie, one cow and calf, ten head of hogs, and fifty dollars worth of provisions, and five dollars worth additional for * each child ; bedsvj bedding, and common bed steads sufficient for the family; one loom, one spinning wheel,.and two pairs ot cards, and one hundred pounds of lint* cotton; common tools of trade for himself ani his wife; equipments and arms of a militia soldier and trooper's horse; ordinary cooking utensils and table cookery ; wearing apparel tor him. self 'and family; family Bible, reli gious works and school books; Family portraits; the library of a professional man in actual practice or business, not exceeding three hundred doll irs in value, to be se lected by himself." Ko one can cast his eyes over the former and latter exemption, with out being struck by the greatly in creased .magnitude of the latter. Section 10 of article 1 of the Constitution of the United States declares that "no State shall pass any law impairing the obligation of contracts." If the remedy is a part of the obligation ot the contract, a clearer ease of impairment can hardly occur than is presented in the record be fore us. The effect of the act in question, under the circumstances of this judgment, does not indeed merely impair, it annihilates the remedy, Tiiere is none left. * 13nt the act reaches still further. It withdraws the laud from the lien of the judg ment, and thus destroys a vested right of property which the credi tor had acquired in tho pursuit of the r m dy to which he was enti tled b? the law ?is it stood when the judgment wan rc.overed. It is in effect taking one person's property and giving ii to another without Tl,;s ia nnntTiirv to I # ? - reason and justice, and to the fun-! damental principles :f the social | compact.?(Jalder vs. Bull, 3 Dall.,. 38b. But we must confine our selves to tlie constitutional aspect! of the case. A few further remarks' will-be sufficient to dispose of it. Jt involves no question which has not been more than once fully con-; sidered by this Court. Georgia, since she came into the ! Union as one of the original thir-! teen States, has never been a State out of the Union.- Fler constitu-! tional rights were, for a time, nec-| essarily put in abeyance, but herj /liuoliilitipo nnrJ nlili- ! C0I1SLJ Lil 11UIIU I Uiouuin vtw Mwv. gations were in 110 wise affected by her rebellion. The same view is to be taken of the provision in herj organic law and of the statute in 1 question, as if she had been in full ; communion with her sister States when she gave them being. I Though 'h|r Constitution was sanctioned vy Congress, .this pro vion can in no sense be considered : an act of that body. The sanction was only permissive as a part of ithii process of her rehabilitation, and involved nothing affirmative or [negative beyond that event., if it were.express and unequivocal, the 'result would be the same. Con gress cannot, by authorization or ratification, give the slightest effect to a State law or Constitution- in conflict with the Constitution of the United States. That instru ment is above and hej-ond the pow? er of Congress and the States, and is alike obligatory upon.both. A State can no more impair an existing contract by a constitutional provision than by a legislative act; boih are within the prohibition of tho national Uonstitimou. The legai remedies for the en forcement of a contract, wliicli be long to it at the time and place {whore it is made, arc a part of ita ! obligation. A State may change j them, provided the change involve no impairment of a substantial : right. If the provision of the Constitu Ition, or the legislative act of a 'Stale, fall w'thin the category last .mentioned, they are to that extent u :terly void. They are, for all the f *1./% ../Mlr.t mln'oli tllPV tl The constitutional provision and >'statute here in question are clearly * within .that category, and are, r therefore, void. , The jurisdictional prohibition 1 'which they contain with respect tc r the Courts of the iSfate, can, there 3 fore, form no impediment to tli< t plaintiff in error in the enforce . vuout of his rights touching thii e judgment, as those rights arc reeog i nized. bv this Court.? White vs r Hart, 13-Wall., 046; Von Iloft i man vs. The City of Quincy, 53o The judgment of the Supreme Court of Georgia is reversed, and the cause will be remanded to thai Court with directions to enter ? judgment of . reversal, to reverse the judgment of the Superioi Court of Randolph county, and thereafter to proceed in conformity to this opinion. A PAPER ON PLOUGHING. Its Effect upon Different Soils at Dif forent Seasons _ An Essay Before ihe Slate- Agricid lural and Mechanical Society, bi Dr. John II. Furman, of Sumter The first ol me discussions dg fore the State Agricultural Society at us session 011 Wednesday last was upon "Ploughing and its eff'ec upon, different soils at different sen sons," and the debate was 0?>ene< by the following interesting aiv practicaj essay upon the subject b Dr. John H.- Furman, of Sumter j Mr. President and Gentlemen c the Society?there are two point in which I conceive our practice c [agriculture has been particular! !deficient. These are winter prepa ration and modes of ploughing With many it has been customar to allow the spring to be far ac vanced, or at least the* winter to b pretty well spent, ere the proces of preparation begins; indeed thi is merged in that of eultivatioi and the corn is growing ere land i broken up, and the cotton is up o 'part ot the plantation before th ! earth has "been fitted for its recej tion on the balance, A. change of circumstances ir volves the necessity for a change c modes. We once had virgin land land cheap and reliable labor. Thei if ever, the extensive and super! cial system had its advantages fc ((though ultimately destructive) i Soften gave large immediate return! Xow, with to a large extent, e: jbausted and denuded fields, an unreliable and expensive labor t ; contend witn, it becomes necessar to obtain present support, and a< jcomplish the ultimate irfiprovemer " ' -1 il ?4. 4..* ot tue l; na, mm we ruHurt iu ihuc modes aud appliances?that th extensive give place to the intensiv j?that we plough early and ploug : deep, j For what do we plough? Tlii may seem a trife question, but : ! opens a wide field for inquiry, ol servation and reflection. What d j we plough for, and haw and wlie jsfiould we do it? We plough t pulverize the earth, whereby th i delicate, hair-like roots of plant |may ramify and extend, in ever j direction, thereby obtaining ampl j pasturage to feed upon. And her the advantages of d<-p ploughin 1 will at once be apparei t ' The ma! who breaks his land eight inche deep, gives his plants t?vic-e the pas turage that he does who breaks bu four, and he who penetrates twelve trebles the sources itf supply. We plougli to let in the air am i onnni-o fhn zing properties ov the one, and th< vivifying and ameliorating actio] of the other, and we should plougl deep in order that these beneficia influences may lie extended to i greater area of root pasturage The air contains ammonia and car bonic acid, both highly essential t< the growth of vegetation. The; are rapidly and in quantities ah sorbed by porous bodies, wliil compact bodies appropriate" littl' or none of these; therefore b; thorough and deep communition o the soil we greatly increase til amount of these bodies taken u] {and held by the land. They ac : also as solvents thus preparing then to be taken up and assimulated b; ! the plant. We should plough dee] in order that these benefits may d extended to a large hulk of soil. "We plough deep that our land may bo saved 'from washing; am that the rain water may not run ofl 'carrying with it its fertilizing prop erties as well as those of .the soil i i reaches. Rain water as well as th atmosphere abounds in carboni iacid and ammonia, and byenablin, jit fully to penetrate the earth, w [secure these valuable ingredient* We plough to turn under veget* tion (dry or green) and to bury th seeds of noxious plants, By rur niiig deep we increase the depth c our soil, and cover up these seed so far from the influences of ail j heat and light, that comparative! I few germinate, and those that dc jCorne up slowly and in a sickly coi Edition, and are easily destroyed thereby lessening the labor of cu U \ ilUUII. By ploughing deep we not onl turn under and give com pa rati v (rest to "the surface soil, (which hf jso long been drawn upon,) bi bring yp a sub-surface, which ha j perhaps rever been disturbed b the plough?rinto which the roo (of cultivated plants have penetrate ,but little, and which contains muc 'ot what lias boon drained iron) tl [ jsurface soil. In soils as light an sandy, (as are those cultivated I !mnny of us,) the high winds < 'March and April carry ,off qyanl ties of the light surface, iherel rapidly exhausting the laud of h raus, which is its life blood. I deep winter ploughing, we turn i a valueless surface, which, if blov off, is a small loss, as there' is i inexhaustable supply left. Ai here I would draw a distinction h twjBen the ploughing of preparatii and that of cultivation. The o; 5 belongs to winter, and'should be I deep ; the other, to spring and sum t mer, should be shallow. i It is true that the term deep ! ploughing is altogother compara tive. What would he deep with ue 1 would be considered shallow by the t turners-up of the almost fathomless alluvial deposits of the West. What might be deemed shallow here would be considered almost no ploughing at all there. The character of the soil and sub-soil I must, to a frreat extent, resrulate it, When the surface is thin and defi cient in vegetable matter and the y subsoil of an inferior quality, we should commence continuously, and gradually descend as we add to the quantity of humus and the othei elements of fertility in the land til! , we have reached the greatest at t! tainahle depth. And here I woulc i-l remark that in deepening and iih d' proving the quality of our soil w< d j not only add to its ability to siistaii y plant life, by the increased amoiin :; of pabulum it- affords, but add vast f jly to its capacity for absorbiug an< 8 retaining moisture, a fact, the prac fitical importance of which canno y'be over-estimated. t The objectiou urged to deep win ter preparation and shallow culti y vation, that the lands run togethe 1- ar.d become too hard for the vigor ous growth of vegetation, will b r l _r i: !i.- i ! i iounu or limueu application. wiier the lands have'been properly broke: and to the right depth. A due re is.gard being paid to drainage, thi n i objection applies, almost exclusive e ly, to soils predominating in elajj If deep ploughing possesses ac vantages already hinted at, hoi ' important that it should be accon: >f plished as early in the winter a Is practicable, that the benefits of th winter rains (and. frosts in furthe pulverizing the land) may be sc cured, that the air may have as Ion, a time as possible to cireulat through its bulk, that the stubble t- weeds and grass may have time t fl ! V. An f ^ln/knTT WAtC iciiiicijt ?|iu ucvaj) man iuvk ture, which arises freely from th subsoil, in seasons of drouth, b; capillary attraction, bringing wit] it the soluble elements of inorgani fertility from far below the surface and depositing them there, as i evaporates, may also contribute it benefits, v Mr. President, onr true policy i concentration; and peculiarly is i it so in our present 'circumstance* >- jBy a proper deepening of the soil o combined with high and judicion fertilization, one acre may be mad to yield what it lias been customar to gather from four or even sis with a far less expenditure of labo and gre?ter certainty as to the rc Suits; for with a deep soil, in th light phvsical^and chemical condi g.tion, we require, comparatively 11 but little raiu. 8 ! The Lava Beds, ~We clip the following interesting t > letter from the Charleston Bulletin 3 of yesterday. ' It is from one of th< i- earliest pioneers of Oregon : e Tlie word "Pedregal,". like th< i word "Canyon," has been intro h duce J into our language from th< 1 Spanish as designating a feature o a the typography more clearly ant !. tersely than any word or phrase ir - our' language. As by tlie wore :> canyon the idea of a ravine bctweer y walls of rock is immediately con i- veyed to the mind, so by the won e "pedregal 1" we understand an ir e regular volcanic surface of basalt v! trachs re, etc., more or less brokei ' 1. y 1 t: into upheavals from below, an< ei cracked and fissured in the proces: p! of cooling. I first saw the term ii t; Lieute ant Ripley's acc-ount of th< a Mexican war: it hit's since beet y everywhere adopted by the corps o p engineers, and occurs frequently ii e the exploration for the Pacific Rqjl way, ordered by Jeff. JDavis, Seere s tary of War in 1855. 1 The stronghold of the Modo< - T.. " U*??.rii?AA?oP' nf tlia mnc L, ( Xiniiniis is a> ^ouib^ai ui >uv U4v>u 1.1 extensive and elaborate description 11 it occupies with but few intervals 100 square miles, If you can, imagine a smooth solid sheet of granite ten mile square and five hundred feet thicl covering resistless mines of gun powder scattered at irregular inter vals under it; that these rniu^s ar exploded simultaneously rendini the whole field into rectangula masses from the size of a match box to that of a church, heapini these masses higher in some place ), land leaving deep chasms in otners i- Following the explosion the whol I, tiling is placed in one' of Vulcan' I- crucibles and heated up to a poin when the whole begins to fuse an y run together, and theu suffered t e'cool.' is The roughness of the upper sui it face remains as the explosion le: s, it, while all below ishoneyrcombe jthe crarks and crevices cause +1iq /if tlio mnltn.l rr>r>l 'i_ IJ J U4V v*./\?4iii0 "4 v?iv U4VIVVU Auy* An Indian can, .rotn the top < one of these stone pyramids, sho( a man without exposing even square inch of himself. He cai with due haste, load nnd shoot common muzzle-loading ritfe te times before a man can seramb over the rocks and chasms betwee the slain and the slayer. If at th terrible expense of life a force di lodges him from his covcr, he hi only to drop into and follow son subterranean passage with wine he is familiar to gain another ur bush, from whence it will cost U imore lives to dislodge him; and i 'on ad infinitum. i . [Postal Law Summary. , 3 The Richmond Dispatch has procnr , ed from t.he Poet Office Department - all the postal laws now in force, as ( well as those which go into effect'on the first of June, lrom which we tom | pile the following: FOB ALL EDITORS AND ALL 8CBSCBI . BEBS. ; The new law allows no matter to . be sent free thrcMgh. the mails/ S6 [ weekly papers wiM hereaftor be sib* ject to a postage of 20 cents per oum even in the coantics wherein, t "published (and only 20 cents, whero | ever delivered.) Newspaper editors I w i f f have to pay 2D.cents per annnia ' on tneir weekly, 40 on Aeir semi* ! I weekly, 00 on their tri-weekly, $1.20 'j on their dai'y exchanges. Kobody 1 ican frank letters hereafter, Bui -(Congress appropriated money to' pay I postage upon dead letters to be sent . to Washington, and upon Jotters and j other mailable matter to be' sent by [ the President of the United States, .innd tiHrhans some of the heads of bureaus and the clei ks of. the two houses of Congres. No such appro priuiion was made for Congressmen themselves, PREPAYMENT ON NEWSPAPERS; The postage on regnlarly-senft newspapers and* other periodicals is not required to be. paid at the office from which they are sent, but may be paid there. It must be paid in ad vance at the oflfce cf deiivery if not paid at the office from which sent. MISCELLANEOUS. . , ' < * i : There shall be three classes of mail matter: Letters, regular printed matter, and miscellaneous matter. Ail liquids, poisons, glass, explosive materials, and obscene bookssh^U bo excluded from the mails. I Ifo package weighing more than four pounds shall be received for con veyance by mail, except books pub lished or circulated by order of Con gress, Postmasters shall notify the pub lisher of any newspaper or-other pe riodical when any subscriber shall refuse to' take ?he same from 'the office, or neglect to call for it for the period ot one month. All mail matter deposited for mail ing, on which at least one full rate' of postage has been paid as required by . law, shall be forwarded to ils destina* tion charged with the unpaid rate, ta be colleated on delivery. . If any mail matter on which by I law the postage is required to be pre s paid at the mailing office shall by in* t advertence reach its destination wifch out such prepayment, double the pre [ paid rates shall .be charged and col g lected on. delivery. No mail matter shall be delivered until the postage due thereon is paid. J Drop letters two cents where tnere is a system of free delivery, othe* r place* one cent, On newspapers and other periodi' e cal publications not exceeding four ounces in weight sent from a known r, office of publication to regular sub scribers postage shall be charged a? the following rates per quarter namely: On publications issued less frequently than once a week, at the y rata of one-cent for each issue; is? ? sued once a week, five cents per quar 3 ter; and five cents additional, for quarter, for each issue more frequent ttian omco a went. Ana an aacuuon al rate shall bo charged for each ad ditional four ounces or fraction thero of in weight. Every route agent, postal clerk, or other carrier of the mail, shall re ceive any mail matter presented to him if properly prepaid by stamp, and deliver the same for mailing at the next post-office at which he ar. rives; but no fees shall be allowed him therefor, jso money order shall bo issued for more than fifty dollars, and the fees therefoi Shall be: Foi oiders not ex ceeding ten dollars, five cents; ex ceeding ten and not exceeding twen ty dollars, ton cents;- exceedingtwen^ tv and not exceeding thirty.dollars, fifteen centsj exceeding thirty and not exceeding forty dollaf-s, twenty cents; exceeding forty dollars, twen ty-five cents. ' tf ? <?> About Advertising. ? "Will it pay ? with the great share of liberal and progressive men, who are enterprising and thrifty in their business, this query has been set tled in the most practical way. The)1 advertise and get rieh by it; but there is a right and wrong way to advertise fails to see this point clearly, and, therefore, mis. apprehends the economical e or p ofitable aspects of the case. If a man says to a dry goods deal er, "What do you ask (for broad cloth ?" and the answer is "sjx dol lars," the inquirer proves nothing by saying, "It is too mufh; I can buy cloth for four and a half dol lars." What is the quality? That is the test. Very likely the six dollar cloth is the cheapest. A la dy goes into a store and wishes to see silks; they are three, four and ten dollars a yard. "I can buy them cheaper," she says. Is it any reason why the seller should reduce his prices; Thcieisvery likely to be a srreat difference in value, as well as price, between dealers, it is just so in advertising. A Kansas man got up a private earthquake the other day, by pla cing several pounds of powder in the stove to clear the soot out of the pipe. To make it all go up the pipe, he shut the stove door, and placing his teet against it, heroically waited the result. As that was the only house within live miles, the funeral over the fragments was held ' ill the open air. ' ' A Western man refused to pay his wife's fine, after she had beaten the man who slandered him.