Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Truth once torsaken, aod-we enter upon n lark, perilous hunt. Error starts up at every *ep, and its Protean shapes become more and more hideous. It was aa evil.day when the principle of the right (we should sav the wrong) of instruction - t ? . O / wuri us penalties of servility or degradation, crossed the line of Pennsylvania. We sym pathized with Mr. Buchanan when he ex claimed in his pUce that his hands were bound a id his tongue was tied, and therefore hiuted mercy for himself to the Coryphcews of the Constitution. The Pennsylvania Senator may be dea? but we would not have him dumb. We are quite sure thai the pillar ot the Constitution is not like the tower at Pisa, which inclines on one side but does not tall over. That wonder is the result of original calculation and design. Our marble (and it is the greater of the two, if a comparison may be at all allowed) was formed to stand upright, and it never can safely lean to one side or the other. It should not be upset because a party cannot see through it, being on the wrong side to redd one of its truths. Popu lar instruction may be the essence of democ racy, but it is foreign to the letter and intent or the great American compact. We grieve when we see the Whig party, even though fortified by the most plausible of excuses, looking away from it for consolation or pro tection. We shall never enforce political expediency at the expense of what we deem justice and truth, and trust that the memory of former opinions will induce our Whig contemporaries, to raise their voice against this new Bill t>f Instruction. "PASSAGE AT ARMS/' Bmccen the two South Carolina Senators, on the Treasury Note Bill. Mr. Caujoux said that his colleague hai made an objection against the constitutional ity of this bill, which he denied it proper to notice. It was a rule with him, where the Constitution is supposed to be involved, to bestow his serious consideration betore he - acted, and, if he saw reason? to doubt, not to give his assent. He had complied with the rule in this case and the result was a clear conviction that the bill was constitutional ? The right had been exercised from the com mencement of the Government without being before questioned ; and, according to his con ception, came within the powers expressly j granted to Congress to borrow money, which i meant neither more nor les? than to raise sup- \ plies on the public ciedit. Interest was not i essential to borrowing ; and it would be ridi- j cuious to suppose that the tramers of the | Constitution intended to authorize the raising j of supplies with interest, and to prohibit it J without it. But we are told that Treasury , notes are bills of credit, and that the Consti- I tution does not authorize Congress to issue ; bills of credit. He did not deem it necessary , to go into a formal discussion on either point. He denied that they were bills of credit, in any proper sense of those terms. They were intended to raise supplies to meet a tempora- j rv deficit in. the Treasury, and were in fact, nothing more than means of anticipating the , revenue. Bat "he would not pursue the argument, j He would bring it to a short and decisive is- \ sue with his colleague. His colleague is the | strenuous advocate of the joint resolution of 1S16, which authorizes the collection of the j publie dues in the notes of specie-paying j banks, -and has no scruples as to the right of \ collecting in the notes of banks that do not | pay specie. Now, no one will deny that to j authorize the receipt of bank notes in the j payment of the dues of the Government is : virtually to endorse on each note that it shall j be received in the public does; or that, ifthe ' Government had the right to do the one, it j had the right to do the other. Nor will it be j denied that, if the Government has the right to write on the back of a bank note that it will by received in the public dues, it has au equal right to write the same on a blank piece of paper, or, which is the same thing, to make a treasury note. The truth is, that , to au thorise bank notes to be received in tHe pub lic dues, is neither more nor less than to make them, to that extent. Treasury notes, and is, pro tantOy as much the making and issuing such note as if done on a separate piece of paper. If the one be unconstitutional, the other is clearly so. Now, he would make this bargain with his colleague and other ad vocates of the connection with the banks ; if they will give up the use of the bank paper to the Government, he would give up the use of the Treasury notes; and if they will deny the ! constitutionality of receiving bank notes he i would not insist on the constitutionality of ; Treasury notes; and% so doing, he should Taakea very good bargain for the country. But he was utterly unwilling to admit a conduc tion, which, while it denied to the Govern ment the use of its credit, would give the ! monopoly of it to the banks. Mr. Preston. I beg leave to say a word or two by way of rejoinder to my colleague's reply to the constitutional objections which I : arged when I first spoke. in the first place, he states that the right to issae Treasury notes has been exercised from i the foundation of the Government. So has I the right to establish a bank. So has the | right to receive bank paper in public dues, the denial of which right under the Constit- j ution, is the foundation of my colleagne's new i theory of finance. 2dly. He says it is expressly granted in I the power to borrow money, under which this j is included ; a.n,d yet he says that he never j will, in war or in peace, borrow money, or in any wise create a national debt. But the Constitution makes a distinction between bills of credit and borrowing money ; for the issu ing of theformer is prohibited to the States, while no one doubts that they may borrow money. He savs it would be ridiculous to suppose j that the framers of the Constitution intended j to authorize the raising ot supplies with inter- . est, and not without it ; and yet, by Luther | Martin's report, of the proceedings of the Con vention, it^appears that that body, atternuich and warm discussion, denied to Congress the power to is>ue bills of credit, and granted the power to borrow money; for a very obvious reason ? the borrowing ot money does not make money; the issuing ot bills of credit is making money, is creating a circulation, which is the avowed object of this bill. My colleague denies that these are bills ot credit. Judge Marshall defines a bill of credit to be pa per issued on the faith of the Government, intended for circulation. No one can dispute the correctness of this definition, or that these Treasury notes are expressly within its terms. My colleague states that these notes are but means of anticipating the revenue. This is the sole purpose of all bills of credit, of all loans, and of all national debts. ? But my colleague states, with 3n air of tri umph, that I am in favor of the resolution of 1516 which authorizes the receipt of bank B3t"S and which is equal to the endorsement of such note# bv;the Government, and thinks 2fc;s is inconsistent with tny views m regard to Treasury notes. If this be so, then niv colleague, in objecting to the resolution of 1816, acts inconsistently with his approbation of these Treasury notes, w hich lie says are J the same thing. His proposition against me ! is, that I should hold these Treasury notes Co be constitutional, because I hold the re ceipt of bank bills under the resolution of 161G j to be constitutional. Does he not perceive I that the converse is true : that he, condemning j the resolutions of 1816, should also condemn i these Treasury notes ? Besides, sir, that pari j of the resolution of 1816 is my colleague's own proper work, upon the constitutionality j of which he no doubt bestowed his serious consideration before he acted. If the two things are virtually the same, then 1 have my colleague's authority, by his present vote, for the constitutionality of the receiving of bank paper. If they be not the same, then his ar gument has no bearing. ; But there is, Mr. President, a most essen j tial difference, both in fact and theory. By the resolution of 1816 the Government does not endorse, actually or virtually, the notes of specie banks* It receives them itself, as long as a note is a check for specie ; but it does not guanmty them in the hands of the holders, if the banks fail, which is the only j conceivable meaning of endorsement. Ifthere j were either an actual or virtual endorsement, I the Government would at this moment be Ji | able for all the bank paper in the United States, j Again : by receiving bank notes, the Gov ernment does not create a currency, but uses one which it finds in existence, and that no longer than it is equivalent to specie ; where as the government paper must be taken, wheth I er equivalent tospecie or not. j But mosl conclusively, the Convention de i Died to Congress the power of issuing bills j of credit, but placed no limit upon its re f ceiving in public dues whatever mifht seem i best. [ From the Richmond Whig. J GENERAL HAMILTON. j The distinguished abilities and extensive re ; putation of this gentleman, and his past inti ! macy and thorough concurrence 'id sentiment j I with Mr. Calhoun, combine to invest his views with peculiar interest at the present juncture. To gratify this interest, felt by most of our readers, we transfer to our columns to-day , a speech delivered by Genl. H. on the Sub- i Treasury System at the late extra session of the South Carolina Legislature. It will be seen that he dissents entirely and firmly from Mr. Calhoun, aud in the expres sion of his dissent, displays the high and gen erous feelings characteristic of the man: He does not seize the occasion to abuse old friends, with whom it has been his pride to act in trying times, nor to Impute to them dis honorable motives for their Dew course. In this respect his conduct is worthy of the imi tation of those who think themselves wiser ' and purer than other men. He differs from his old comrades more in sorrow than anger; and while he regrets the existence of any difference, he deplores deeply the intolerant spirit with which that difference is urged to extremes. That Mr. Calhoun and a portion of his friends should concur with Mr. Van Buren in relation to the Sub-Treasury, and desire its adoption, could be complained of by no one ; but to make this coincidence of views on an isolated point, the pretext of going over to the administration, and forcing all the State R'ghts party to do likewise, or submit to be branded as traitors and hunted down as wild beasts, is what it could not be expected would be endured without a murmur. ? Those gentlemen, by the zeal and violence which they have exerted in the cause of their new allies? by the denunciations and proscription of their old allies, may succeed in gaining fa vor from those in power, ? but,' in the end, they will find that this favor will poorly com pensate them for the loss of old friends, and the ruinous distraction in the South which will spring from their frenzied course. But on their heads be the consequences. ? The State Rights Whigs, whoever else they may not supportfor the Presidency, will nev er give their aid to Martin Van Buren. Cir cumstances might by possibility induce them to take no part in the presidential scramble, or at least to be the partizans of no man; but they never can, while in their senses, give their support to those who have plundered the Treasury, disgraced the country and trampled upon the Constitution. Mr. Cal houn and his friends, who claim to be'the only true advocates of State Rights, may hurl their thunderbolts at Gen. Hamilton, Mr. Preston and others, who, like them, have not the spring and elasticity to bound from one extreme to another. But the State Rights partv proper cannot consent to rest their hopes upon this corrupt administration for recom mending an expedient, which Mr. Calhoun's genius has manufactured info a panacea for all our national disorders. They will stand firm, unawed hy threats and unseduced bv promises of reward. From the Charleston Mercury. Washington, JuDe 1*2, 1838. Sir. As I have no reason to believe that you would make a charge even against apol itical opponent, which you knew to be with out foundation, I feel that it is due both to a friend and to the country to say, that any im putations upon the Hon. Mr. Preston, arising j out of his name having been mentioned as a i candidate for the Vice Presidency, are alto- | gether unjust. I state upon my own personal j knowledge, that from the very first moment that the idea was suggested, Mr. Preston has promptly and peremptoiily rejected it. I know that the suggestion has given liiin pain, and, that he has not publicly and positively ; refused that his name should be used in con nection with that office, only because there has been no authoritative or even general suggestion, of the sort, and that he would have subjected himself to ridicule if he had done so, when his name had only been brought forward by two or three newspapers. I am very much deceived il such an idea has ever been eutertaiued by any respectable portion , of any party. As to the Prospectus of the ; new Whig paper in this city, I assure you I that I never heard of the paper or the Pros ! pectus, until I read the article in the Mercu | ry, and such I know was the case with Mr. ; Preston. I beg to add in conclusion, that in f October last, I received a letter from a friend j in Maryland, making the suggestion of Mr. j Preston as a candidate for Vice President. I | promptly replied, (my letter in reply is now ! in mv possession) disapproving and discoun | tenancing the idea, and wrote to Mr. Preston ' that I had done so, and received his cor dial approval and thanks. If any thing more is desired to be done in the premises let it be suggested, and if proper and honorable, I do r ot hesitate to say that it will be promptly j done. ? - From the Charleston Courier. JVfr. Preston . ? The Columbia Times says "it is rumored that Mr. Frfston will not he instructed out of his seat, during the present 1 session of Congress, by the recent proceed-1 ings inour'State Legislature, but that should the Sub-Treasury measure be the test at the October elections, in this State, and the peo ple decide in its favor, he will probably con form to public opinion or resign." We trust that Mr. Preston will have too much self-respect to yield such conformity iu opposition to his own enlightend and con scientious judgment, and that he will have too much respect for the constitution to suf fer his constitutional tenuie of office to be disturbed by any unwarrantable interference, with liis exercise "of a rightful independeuce of judgement." ACQUITTAL OF RICHARD II. WHITE. The Philadelphia Ledger of the 15th inst. says : ? In Washington city, on the 14th inst. the Jury on the case of Richard II. White, came into Court at about *1 o'clock, with the following verdict, which, after some objec tions on the part of the prisoner's counsel, was ultimately recorded : 44 We find the prison er, R. II. White, under the plea of limita tions. " Not Guilty ." The prisoner was then discharged. Nine of the Jury afterwards presented him with a declaration in writing, that they were in favor of acquitting him en tirely of the charge of burning the Treasury Department, and believed he did not do it ; and only consented to the verdict given, as a 1 compromise. The followiug, which we found some days since, in an exchange paper, ? for the life of us we cannot recollect which of them ? is a little excruciating upon Miss Martineau. If the 14 village Doctor" says true ? poor little Miss Jaffrey is certainly about used up. The impudence and impertidence of the great M iss Harriet Martineau is served perfectly right by the Vermonter, if there be indeed, any foundation for die staiement put into his mouth. ? y. Y. Gazette. Retort upon Miss Martinf.au. ? Miss Martineau in her last volumes, "retrospect of western travel," has a chapter upon "ori ginals," in which she tells an anecdote of a " village doctor" in Vermount, who was call ed upon to attend her traveling companion, from whom, notwithstanding her repeated in i quiries. she could not extract the slightest information as to her friend's prospects in re i gard to health. He would give her no hints bv which she could form her plans and write to her friends, and she was never so complete ly in the dark about the nature of any illness. " I fancy (says she) I hear now the sharp, conceited tones of the doctor, doggedly using his power of exasperating my anxiety." The 44 village doctor" referred to, resides at Brattleboro.' He is a highly respectable physician, and in relation to the subject says, " I am not tamely to be held up to the deri sion of England and America. It is true. I did not tell her, although she almost pestered my life out to be informed. I bore it all, and equivocated and evaded, and all from motives of delicacy, to spare the woman's feelings. If she has been very much concerned to know, aad is yet in the dark, I will enlighten her darkness. Her friend was in the first stages of delirium tremens!" Whew! What will Miss Martineau say to this? Yankee " originals" are not original for nothing. From the Wilmington Advertiser, Jnne 18tb, 1838. LOSS OF THE STEAM PACKET PULASKI. On Thursday, the 14th inst. the Steamer Pulaski, Capt. Dubois, left Charleston for Baltimore with about 150 passengers, of whom about 50 were ladies. At about II o'clock on the same night, while off the North Carolina coast, say 30 miles from land, weather moderate and night dark ? the starboard boiler exploded and the vessel was lost, with all the passengers and crew except those whose names are enume rated among the saved in the list to be found below. We have gathered the following facts from the 1st mate, Mr. Hibberd, who had charge of the boat at the time. Mr. Hibberd states that at 10 o'clock at night he was called to the command of the boat, and that he was pa cing the promenade deck in front of the Steer age-house. That he found himself shortly a f terupon the main deck, lying between the mast and side of the boat ? That upon the return of consciousness, he had a confused idea of having heard an explosion, something like that ofgunpowder, immediately before he discov ered himselfin his then situation ? He was in duced, therefore, to rise and walk aft, where he discovered that the boat midships was blown entirely to pieces ; that the head of the starboard boiler was blown out, and the top torn open ? that the timbers and plank on the starboard side were forced asunder, and that the boat took in water whenever she rolled in that direction. He became imme diately aware of the horrors of their situation, and the danger of letting the passengers know that the boat was sinking, before lowering the small boats. He proceeded therefore to do this. Upon dropping the boat he was asked his object, and he replied that it was to pass around the Steamerto ascertain her condition. Before doing this however, he took in a couple of men. He ordered the other boats to be lowered, and two were shortly put into the water, but they leaked so much in conse quence of their long exposure to the sun, that one of them sunk after a fruitless attempt to bail her. . He had in the interim taken several from the water until the number made ten. In the other boat afloat there were eleven. AVhile they were making a fruitless attempt to bail the small boat, the Pulaski went down with a dreadful crash ? in about 45 minutes after the explosion. Both boats now insisted upon Mr. Hibberd's directing their course to the shore, but he resisted their remonstrances ; re plying that he would not abandon the spot until daylight. At about 3 o'clock in the morning they started, in the midst of the wailing of the hopeless beings, who were floating around in every direction, ifpou pieces of the wreck, to seek land, which was about thirty miles distant. After pulling about 13 j hours the persons in both boats became tired and insisted that Mr. Hibberd should land; this he opposed, thinking it safest to proceed along the coast and to enter some one of its numerous inlets, but he was at length forced to yield to the general desire, and to attempt a landing upon the beach, a little East of Stump Inlet. He advised Mr. Cooper, of j Ga. who had command of the other boat, and a couple of ladies, with two children under his charge, to wait until his boat had first landed, as he apprehended much danger in the attempt, and should they succeed, they might assist him and the ladies and children. There were eleven persons in the mate's boat, (having taken two black women from Mr. Cooper's.) Of these, two passengers, one of the crew, and the two negro women were drowned, and six gained the shore. After waiting for a signal, which he received from the mate, Mr. Cooper and his companions landed in about three hours after the first boat, in safety. They then proceeded a short distance across Stuinp Sound, to Mr. Redd's of Onslow countv, where they remained from Friday evening until Sunday morning, and then started for Wilmington. The mate and two passengers reached here this morning (18th June) about 9 o'clock, Thus have we hurriedly sketched the most painful catastrophe that has ever oc curred upon the Americau coast. Youth, age, and infancy have here been cut oil" in a single* night, and found a common death under the same billow. " Days, months, yeats ar - ages will circle away, And still the vast waters will over them roll." We ave never seen a deeper sensation pervade our community than the reception of this intelligence has produced. The pro foundest sympathy is engraved on every countenance, and all wear the aspect of those sorrowing for their own dead. We feel as sured that all feel an anxious solicitude to alleviate the distress of those unfortunate survivors who may come among us, and vehicles have already been sent out to bring them into our town, and provision made for their reception. Passengers who It ft Charleston Mrs. Nightingale and servant, Mrs. Frazer and child, Mrs. Wilkins and child, Mrs Mackay, child and servant, Miss A. Parkman, Miss C. Parkman, Miss T. Parkman, Mrs. Hutchison, two children and servaut, Mrs. Lamar, Miss R. Lamar, Miss M. Lamar, M ss R. S. Lamar, Miss E. Lamar, Mrs. Dunham, Mrs. Gumming and servant, Mrs* >-tewart, and servant, Mrs. Wort, Mrs Taylor, Mrs. Wagner, child and servant, Miss Dray- i ton, Mrs. Pringle and child, Miss Pringle, 6c nurse, Mrs. Murray, Miss Murray, Mrs. Britt, Miss Heald, Mrs. Rutledge, Miss Rut ledge, Miss Rutledge, Mrs. H. S. Ball, nurse, child and servant, Miss Trapier, Mrs. Long worth, Mrs. Eddings, 6c child, Miss Mikell, Mrs. Coy, and child, Miss Clarke, Mrs. B. F.Smith, Mrs. N. Smith, Mrs. Gregory, Mrs. Davis, Mrs. Hubbard, Mrs. Merntt, Miss Greenwood. Gen. Heath, Col. Dunham, Maj. Twiggs, Judge Rochester, Judge Cama ron, Rev. E. Crots, Rev. Mr. Murray, Dr. Stewart, Dr. Cumming, Dr. Wilkins, Messrs. S. B. Parkham, G. B. Lamar, G. Lamar, W. Lamar, T. Lamar, R. Hutchinson, R. Brower, L. Livermore, B. W. Fosdick, H. Eldridge, C. Ward, G. Huntington, J. H. Cooper, H. B. Nichols, L. Bird, A. Lovejoy, W. W. Foster, J. L. Wort, C. Hodson, W. A. Stewart, D. Ash, A. Hamilton, S. Miller, R. W. Pooler, R. W. Pooler, Jr., W. C. N. Swift, A. Burns, H. N. Carter, Pringle, Rutledge, H. S. Ball, Longworth, F. M' Rea, T. C. Rowand, Edings, LI. Seabrook, S. Keith, G. W. Coy, T. Whaley, W. Whaley, O. Gregorie, N. Smith, B. F. Smith, G. Y. Davis, R. D. Walker, E. W. James. Hubbard, J. Auze, Bennett, Clifton, Merritt, Greenwood, Evans, and Freeman. Passengers Saved in the. I wo yawls. Mrs. P. M. Nightingale, servant, and child, of Cumberland Island. Mrs. W. F raser 6c child, St. Simons, Ga. J. H. Cooper, Glynn, Georgia. P. W. Pooler, Savannah, Geo. Capt. Pooler, Sen. Wm. Robertson, Savannah, Geo. E lias L. Barney, N Carolina. Solomon. S. Hibbert, 1st mate Pulaski. W. C. N. Swift, New Bedford. Z. A. Zeuchtenberg, Munich. Charles B. Tappan, N. York. Gideon West, N. Bedford, Boatswain. B. Brown, of Norfolk, Steward. Persons drowned in landing. Mr. Bird of Bryan Co., Georgia. An old gentleman from Buffalo, N. Y" ., and recentlv from Pensacola. j A young man, uame unknown. Jenney, a coloured woman. Priscilla, a coloured woman, Stewardess. NEWS FROM THE PULASKI. From the Fayetteville Observer Extra, June 21. ! By the Wilmington mail, just arrived, we have the great gratification of learning, from our attentive correspondent, and by a slip from the Wilmington Advertiser office, that 43 more of the passengers and crew of the unfor tunate Pulaski, have been saved, making 59 in all. j A part of the wreck, to which 23 persons clung after the boat went to pieces, was fallen in with on Tuesday morning, at 8 o'clock, by the schr. Henry Camerdon, and the exhausted sufferers taken off, after having been in that situation four days and five nights, without food or water, and exposed to the broiling sun, with no other covering than their night clothes. These persons having informed the Capt. of the H. ^ that they had seen ano ther part of the ...cck early that morning, he bore down in the direction designated, and in about an hour fell in with and rescued seven persons, among them two ladies. The H. C. then bore away for \Yrilmington, where she arrived the same afternoon. The uufor tunate beings thus rescued from the jaws of death were so reduced that they had to be carried ashore in the arms of the citizens, whose dwellings, with noble anJ characteris tic hospitality, were thrown open for their receptiou. The following are their names. A. Lovejy, Camden co., Geo. Maj. Heath, Baltimore, Maj. Twiggs and son, Richmond co., Ga. Mr. Greenwood, Augusta, Ga. Mr. O'Gregory, do. Mrs. Noah Smith, do. Miss Rebecca Lamar, do. Charles Lamar, Savannah, Robert Seabrook, Edisto Island, S. C. Masters T. 6c W. Whaley, (2) do. do. Mr. R. Hutchinson, Savannah, Mr. A. Hamilton, Augusta, Ga. Capt. Pearson, Baltimore. Mr. Edings, Edisto Island, S. C. Mr. C. Ward Savannah. Chicken, 1st Engineer. E. Joseph, New York, C. W. Clifton, Canton Mississippi. D. Walker and nephew Thos. Downing, Charleston. Warren Freeman, Macon, Ga. Mr. Burne, New York, John Cape, fireman, Baltimore, , fireman, j Patrick and Bill, deck hands, ? Rhyuah, a negto woman, A negro woman belonging to Dr. Stewart. In addition to these, 13 others, among them Mr. Lamar of Savannah, have floated ashore near New Inlet. Of these the names have not been ascertained, except Mr. La mar and the following : Samuel Bryley, Talbot County Md. Owen Gallagher. All are said to be likely to live. We regret not to find the name of Judge Cameron in the above list, though he may be among those not arrived in Wilmington from the New Iulet, for whom carriages were yesterday despatched from Wilmington. Seven persons died on one of the pieces of ^the wreck the day before they were fallen in with, among them the Rev. Mr. Wort, of thq Episcopal Church, and lady. To such extremities had the sufferers been reduced, that the day of their deliverance had been fixed on as the fatal day to sclcct by lot a victim to appease the cravings of hunger ! The hinder part of the stern, after the boat parted, contained 50 or 60 persons, mostly women and children. The persons saved saw this go down. Of course all were lost. Some of the persons rescued charge the ac cident as the result of gross negligence ? the blow-cock had been left open, and the boilers emptied and hot, the frightened Engineer suddenly filled them with water, and the ex plosion was the immediate remit. 1 Columbia STcleoropr. SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1838. The strictures in our last upon the Sub treasury proceedings have appeared, to some fastidious persons, to be tinged with a severi ty from which the official dignity of the Leg islature should have protected it. Now, if j there be any chrrrge from which we arc singu- | larly exempt, it is this. On the contrary, we hurried in silence over the whole pro ceedings in the Legislature because we could | not approve and did not choose to vilify them. But when gentlemen hold their party cau cuses, do they expect their privilege to follow them to tavern meetings where they settle to night what the Legislature shall do to-mor row? We have not insulted the Legislature, but we have dared to express our opinion to the caucus that they have insulted? grossly insulted the dignity of the Legislature and the State. What we have said was said de liberately, and we are well content to await the approbation of our boldness from that sentiment which is already working through out the State in a spirit of strong reaction against those proceedings. But in another point of view, we desire, from personal considerations, not to be misun derstood. Let it not be supposed that the charges we have made against the caucus we would apply to all those individually who composed it. Members inclined to the Sub treasury project attended the caucus in igno rance of the motives which led to the call, and unsuspicious of its object. The few who had time 1 v intimation of the instructions from Washington, with a generous confidence in their colleagues refused to believe it. If this circumstance had been believed then as it is now, we are well assured, from what we know i of those gentlemen, that many who assisted that conclave would have spurned it with | contempt. Not even the principal object of the caucus was known to them. They were called together to consult upon the Sub-trea - | sury, and suddenly had trust upon them, as a party measure, a resolution of instruction , or j censure, or whatever gentlemen may pl-ase to call it. They were bewildered. It was a new proposition; they had no formed opinion upon it ; they were ignorant of its true source, and really believed that it might be the call of the people. Unknowing what to do, they went as any one in the same case would have done, with their party. The managers of that party took good care that those who com mitted themselves on that night should have little discretion to profit by the reflections of the next day. One must have seen but little of political manoeuvring that does not know how easily honest, intelligent, independent but unsuspecting men may be duped by the concerted movement of those who assume to lead a patty. But if gentlemen have allowed themselves to be led astray, although the turn may seem a little aukward, the soonerthey get back into the hard road the better. It is high time they should look about them and see wheth er, under a mere pretence, they are not be coming the instruments in the hand of per sonal malice to inflict a wanton insult upon meritorious public oflicer.-officers who were but yesterday, encouraged in the free expres sion of opinions, to be denounced to day whether they are not lending themselves to be cajoled, under guise of supporting one fa vourite measuie of th? Government, into abandoning their opposition to all the rest; into abandoning that war which they have gallantly waged for the last eight years against the usurpations of a tyrannical administra tion. Mr. Preston has been much abused of late for a supposed intrigue to elect himself Vice-President. Of course, Mr. Preston, when he differs from Mr. Calhoun, is mo ved by the vilest motives to the most selfish ends. Mr. Calhoun's principles are always so plain that (as he often tells us himself,) any one who will not agree with him stands con ! fessed, either a knave, or an idiot. Never | theless, the veriest caitiff has a right to justice. Let us sum up the evidence. Somebody in Washington has a sheet printed, which purports to be the prospectus of a newspa per. At the head of this are the names ot Messrs. Clay and Preston. As far as our information goes, this is the first and last of this nomination. If the pretended "National Whig" has ever gone beyond its prospectus number, we have no knowledge of the fact. We be lieve it has not. Yet, because he has not issued a manifesto against this voxetpree ua: nihil, and called the world to witness his disclaimer, he is denounced as a secret p o - ,er with Mr. Clay. A notable ,locuinen' would be-this proclamation ! It would be (Tin somewhat after this manner : " .. Notwithstanding various candidates have been nominated by various conventions in New York and other States, and the name of me Wm. C. Preston has not been so much as mentioned upon any of these oc casions ; and notwithstanding neither I, nor any one else ever dreamed of such a thing before ; yet, whereas iu the prospectus o! * a certain newspaper not yet extak, the name of me, the said W. C. P. is used without my knowledge er consent, and whereas sucli use of my said name is doubtless matter of very great public concernment : Now know ye, &c." But "by what measure ye meet shall be measured unto you again." As the profes sional correspondent of the Mercury announ ces Mr. Calhoun as the favorite of a large party for the presidential chair, the friends of that gentleman will certainly not be of fended if the compliment be returned io kind, and he too be suspected of being a secret plotter with the administration for his own advantage. That such suspicion is afloat will appear by the appended extract from a Georgia State Rights paper. As to our own opinion, we give it freely, that, if the past and present are of any avail to divine the future, in no contingency can Mr. Preston be the whig nomination for the vice-presidency, nor Mr. Calhoun the ad ministration candidate for the presidency, without a compromise of principle and a foul desertion of the interests of the State. [Frfrm the Augusta (Chronicle.] We extract ihe following from a letter pub lished in the Charleston Mercury ofyesterday morning, dated Washington city, 11th June.. We publish it as one of the signs of the times. What shall we look for next ? Is this put forth as a feeler to ascertain how far the State Rights party of the South will suffer them selves to be sold and trnnsferred to Van Buren? Are we to h ave a coalition between the 44 great Nullifier" of the South and the 41 great Ma gician" of the North, between gallant, chival rous Carolina, aud double faced, hypocriti cal Kinderhook? The annunciation twelve months ago, that South Carolina would be readv at this day. to embrace \ an Buren, Benton, Kendall "and Blair, would have been pronounced false by a thousand tongues from every hill, from the Great Pedee to the Sa vanah ! We shall await further developements, and in the meantime caution our readers not to be astonished at any thing they may hear. There is no dependence to be placed in politi cians. From the Charleston Mercury . 44 The political elements here are in astate of great agitation. The great and but lately overpowering Whig party, is breaking up. The seeds of disunion are plentifully scattered among those who have been distinguished as " Nationals. Those who have been known as uniform and consistent 44 Democrats in contradistinction to Federalists and Nationals , are also shaken and divided. There are ele ments ofdisuniou in that party which will soon work its division or a change of its men and measures, ami I am prepared to witness a move ment which will have for its object the more complete union of Southern interests, and the consequent elevation of John C. Calhoun to the Presidency. There is a movement in the public mind towards this object. I wit nessed itduringjthe past year in Pennsylvania, the state which gave Mr. Calhoun an early and strong support as a candidate for the ? Presidency, and which has never withdrawn her affection from him, notwithstaDdmg all the strugglesand collisions which aros- from the hi^h Tariff system. The politicians, fol lowing in the wake of public sentiment, are here and there, in conversation and in the press, indicating Mr. Calhoun as the Candi date of the Democratic party." The Mercury seems to want the organ of order. It has given Mr. Rhett's reply to Gen. Hamilton's speech, then a critique on the speech; then, nearly a week after, the speech itself. Appropos of speeches, our readers may suspect that we have not been impartial, s.nce all that we have published are with a single exception on one side. From the first we have been, for thi* pur pose, open to all. All the speeches that we . have printed were furnished either by the parties or their friends, and, if our opponents do not desire to make theirs public; it is not our fault. We are glad to get them and shall publish wherever we can find them. Next to such a speech as General Hamilton's we triumph in such replies as that of Mr. Rhett. We beg our friends to read it, and we abstain from comment, that they may enjoy its bitter waters fresh from the well. The Express Mail was robbed on Satuiday nignt last on its way from Charleston to this place. His Excellency Gov. Butler left Columbia yesterday to attend a tour of reviews. Com munications on business will still oe address ed to him at Columbia. Abolition. In Boston a question involving the abolition of the domestic slavery oi fe males was carried in the Society by a large vote. It is said it will create a schism. In Philadelphia two white men have lately been murdered by blacks. The excitement, I in consequence, was such Uwtjt was feared at one time the mob would proceed to a gen eral massacre of the negroes. Large num bers of them have fled the city for safety, but do violence has yet been committed. Military Eleelion.?Lzst week an election was held for a Brigadier General to com mand the 3d -Brigade of Cavalry of this State. The result is not yet officially announced, but we understand that in the 5th Regiment 23 votes were given, 22 of which were for Col. J. H. Adams and one for Captain R. G* Mills? in the 6th Regiment, 22 votes, 15 for Mills, 7 for Adams. Adams is there fore elected by a majority of 13. INSTRUCTIONS, Mr. Editor, ? 1 have not time to throw off at one heat all I have to say on this sub ject, and therefore if you accept my lucu brations, you must be content to take them piecemeal. Suppose a community of 300 men to have some difficulty as to their common affairs ; is not the plain course for them to meet, to deliberate, to consult, to call for facts and reasonings, and to decide when they hav* obtained all the lights they can procure, and aot before ?