Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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W e*a ^em, so far as ... . can, to nlfegaie them. To say that there | fs evil iu any DfStrtUtiofl, is only to say that it j ^ ' t* tuilnao. % &9tl ca p: we dono|pttit tjgit this lo n ? disci-' piineau?f laborious proc es4: by which men arf> i required to work oat the elevation and im prof em en t of their individttvFfisrture and their 'V \Jtfeia! qouJiuon, is imposed fo r*a great and '?? - benevolent end / Onr (acuities are not nde- j quale to the solutiou of the mystery, why u ; - shonid be so; but the- truth is clear, that the j ?A'oriJ was. uo? intended for the seat of univer- j sal Knowledge "or goodness or happiness or freedom*.,. * j.y *> Man has been endowed by his Creator icith j - - c *rrtuitt it&UcnabU rights , among which arc j >N li^ftrf-ij (tn4 the pursuit of happiness. ? What ineanti: by the intdicnable right of erty I Has auy one who hasused the words e*er asked himself this questiou ? Does it . ^ mean that a man has no right to alienate his oarti Bberty-~to s^B himself and his posterity for slaves ?. This would seem to be the mure S&*ious meaning. When the word right is Bsed, it has reference to some la\y which sanctions- it, and would be violated by i's in vasioo. It must refer either to the general law of morality or the' law of the country? r *?- " the law of tSod or the law of man. If the law fe of any country permitted iti k would of course r be absurd to say that the law of that country gv Was violated by such alienation. If it have any meauing in thisrespect, it must mean that though the law of the country permitted r- it, the man would be guilty of an immoral ?? act who should thus alienate his liberty. A fit question tor schoolmen to discus*, and the ?wiseipjrne?s'~resultmg from its decision as important as from any of theirs- Yet who -vj will say that the man pressed by famine and in prospect of death, would be criminal for > soch an act 1 . Self- preservation, as is truly S? said, is the first law of nature. High and -V peculiar characters, by elaborate cultivation, jv may he taught to prefer death to Slavery, but " it would be folly to prescribe this as a duly to %*> the mass of mankind. fev- ^If any rational meaning can be attributed js* tt* the sentence I have quoted* it is this: ? ?p-; That the society, or the individuals who ex ercise the powers of government are guilty of 0?', a- violation of the law of God or of morality, wheu by any law or public act, they deprive tueu of lifeor liberty, or restrain them in the JHKSttit of happiness. Y et every government ^ does, and of necessity must, deprive men of life and liberty for offences against society.? Ifcestraio them in the pursuit of happiness I of society are intended for I^T/pothrajr ejse but to restrain men from the pursuit of happiness, according to their own ill ideas of happiness or advantage^? which tlie phrase must mean if it means any thing. And *>y what right doea society punish by the loss of fife or liberty? Not on account of the ' moral gnUtpfthe criminal ? not by impiously *rm^mfo~?*3um73g~the prerogative of to dispense justice or suffer according to, moraLdesert. It is for its II^SlwnjiTOtectifNQ ? it is the right of self-defence. % there. existed thaj)lackest moral turpitude, "^ ofwhisch by its example or consequences, could wf no e?3 to society, government would spgjm nothing to do. with that. If an action, most; harmless in its moral character, - couldbe dangerous to ths security of society, society would have the perfect right to punish f|p5iC # the possession of a black skin would be ^^jBeferwise dangerous to society, society has ;$ame right- tn prwtect itself by disfrau li*fcg~the possessor of civil privileges, and cootioue the disability to his posterity, if . **?1? dan ?er wo n Id ^>e inciirred by its Society these forfeitures f >r the security of the lives of its members; iV ft indicts them for the security of their . property, the great essential of civilization ; ^it- inflicts them also for the protection of its Ifajtgoiigeal institutions; the forcible attempt to -^?Fertaro which, has . Si ways been justly re ^jfarded as the greatest crime ; and who has 7 ^iWsdoQed its right so to inflict I " Man ' aot. have property in. man" ? a phrase as of. meaning as, " who slays fat oxen 'd^mself be fat.** Certainly he may, , ? laws of society allow it, and if it be on " sufheieat grounds, neither he joor society do ^wtong. . W . - ; is it i>ythis? as wemnstcalt it,however to oar higher fe^x^s'-by its k v- - ^ *.^&-sctoprfing, buruumeaning verbiage of. natural equ-dity and inalienable j T hts, that-on^fives are to heputiai^opardy, r property destroyed, and oar political in stitutions overturned or: endangered ] If a people had on its boilers a tribe of barbarians, whom no treaties nr faith could bind^ by whose at tacks thev . were constantly e'ndan -VI d, against whom they could devise no ! ^security, bat that theV" should be extertmiiat- j ed or- enslaved ? wcruM they not have the right | {6 enclave them, and ke^ th?,m iu slavery" so i as. the same danger woui(^v6e incurred Jjeir manumissfou f If a." civilized man 1 a lavage were by chance^ ^ed together | os a desolate island, and thetform.er, by the ior power pf.c^vi^^cmy-. would reduce ~ not have ; Sot be the -c^^not no w^ co n- [ canjuafceiont a similar case | - . ._,: -. .ensIaving- of the negroes. I j to those who contend for inalienable | ^ and that the existeuce ofslavery at- I ^ nnAyr aU circumstances, involves -injustice and ctnne: ^ ' >, As I have said, we acknowledge the exis Y fence of a moral law. .It is not necessary for us to resort tQ the theorj^i^h, resolves all ? ri^ht into force. The ^esastenc e of such a 1 is imprinted tn the hearts of all human j But though its existence be acknow- i i^ed,the mind Of man kas hitherto been ta^k- I ?-vain to, discover an unerring standard of; ' feia^^uraonandundoub^max- j tfet you shalfnot do evil that c&pe. You shall not do injustice fan invasion of the rights of others, i Wteof a greater ulterior good. But is injustice, audi what are- the rights of others J It is because it inflicts prnn or suf i?nag, present or prospective, or cuts them - off from enjoymeut wbkrh they might other wise attain. The Creator has sufficiently re ^SSealed to us that hairiness is the great end existence, the sole object of all animated sii senrtteot beings* To this he has directed their aspirations and efforts, and we feel that ^^jre. thwart his benevolent purposes when we ^^destroy or impede that happiness. This is j E. &e only natural right of man. All other. 5 rights result from the conventions of societv, and these, to be sure, we are not to invade, ! ; whatever good may appear to us likely to ! follow: . Yet are we in no in-tanee to inflict *-* "|>ain or saSfering, or disturb enjoyment for / '"the sadie of producing a greater good ? Is jy'-the madman not to be restrained who would fering destruction on himself or others T is paiu not to be inflicted on the child, when it is the ocly means by which he can be e%V c ? t?a lly kistructed to ptwide for his own future happant?? Is the surgeon guilty of wrong who amputates a limb to preserve life? Is it not the object of all penal legislation, to inflict suffering for the sake of greater good to be si-ciiri'i] to society ? Bv what right is it that man exercises dominion over the beasts ofthr field ; suddues^ them to painful labour, or deprives them of j life for his sustenance or enjoyment ? They are nor rational brings. No, but they are the creaturrs of God, seniient being*, capable ol suftVrimj and enjoyment, aud entitled to enjoy according to the measure of their capacities, i >oes not the voice of nature inform every one, that he is guilty of wroug when he inflicts on tlietn pain without necessity or objcct ? If their existence be limited to the present lite, it affords t lie stronger argument lor affording them the brief enjoyment of which it is capa ble. It is because the greater good is effect ed : not onlv to man but to the interior ani mals themselves. The carcof man givesthe i boon of existence to myriads who would nev | er otherwise have enjoyed it, aud the en joy - I ment of their existence is better pro\ ided for while it lasts. It belongs to the being ot su perior faculties to judge ol the relations which Shall subsist between hiinsell and inlet ior an imals, and the use he shall make ot them , and he may justly consider himself, who has the greater capacity of enjoyment, in the fust instance. Vet he must do this conscienti ously, and no doubt, moral guilt has been in curred bv the infliction ol pain on these ani mals, with no adequate benefit to be expected. I do no disparagement to the dignity of hu man nature, even in its humblest tonn, when I say that on the very sam<* foundation, with the difference onlv ot circumstance and de gree, 'vests the right ot the civilized and cultivated man, over the savage and rant. It is the order of nature and ol God, that the being of superior faculties and : knowledge, and therefore of superior power, should control and.dispose ol those who are inferior. It is as much in the .order of nature, \ that men should enslave each other, as that other animals should prey upon each other. : I admit that he does this under the highest " moral responsibility, and is most guilty il he ? wantonly inflicts misery or privation on beings - more capable of enjoyment or suffering thau brutes, without necessity or any view to the greater good which is to result. If we con ceive of society existing without government, and that any man by his superior strength, courage or wisdom, could obtain the mastery of bis fellows, he would have a perfect right to do so. He would be morally responsible for the use of his power, and guilty it he tail ed to direct them .so as. to promote their hap piness as well as his own. - Moralists have denounced the injustice and cruelty which have been practiced towards our aboriginal Indiaus, bv which they have been driven from their native Seats and -exterminated,^ and no doubt with much justice.. ..No doubt, much fraud and injustice has been practised in the circumstances and the manner of their remov al. Yet who has i man had no moral right to possess, himself of the country ? That he was bound to leave j this wide and fertile continent, which is cci gam ble of sustaining uncounted myriads of a* civilized race, tQ a few roving and. ignorant barbarians? Yet -if anything is certain* it is certain that there were no means by. which he could possess the country, -without exter minating or enslaveing. them. Savage .^ahd civilized man cannot live together, and ^the savage can only be tamed by being enslaved or^y having slaves^. By enslaving alone. could he have preserved them-* ?And who. shalf take upon himself to decide that^ the .-more benevolent course and more pleasing in God, was pursued towards them, n>r that it would not have been belter that they had'heen en^. slaved generally, as they were . in particular, instances? It is a refined philosophy, atou^ utterly false in its application to general na ture, or the mass of human kind, which teaches that existence is not the greatest of all boons, and worthy of being preserved even , under the most adverse circumstances. The strongest instinct of all animated beings suf ficiently proclaims this. When the last red man shall have^anished from our forests, the sole remaining&traces of his blood will be found among our enslaved population. f The. African slave trade has given, and will give the boon of. existence to millions and millions in our country, who would otherwise never have enjoyed it, and. the enjoyment of their existence is better provided for while it lasts. Or if, for the rights of man over inferior ani mals, we are referred ro revelation, which pro uounces ? " ve shall have dominion over the beasts of the field, and over the fowls of the air," we refer to the same which declares not the less explicitly ? . - V'Both the bondmen aud bondmaids which tbou shait have, shall be of the heathen that ire among you. Of them shall you buy bondmen and bondmaids/* . - .. -? Moreover of the children of strangers that do sojourn among you, of- them shall ye buy, and of their families that are with you, whicl#they begot in your land, aud they shall be vour possession. And ye shall take them as an inheritance for your children <^ter r vou, to inherit them by possession. They shall be your bondmen forever." In moral investigations, ambiguity is often occasioned- by confounding the intrinsic nature of au action, as determined by its con sequence, with the motives of the actor in volving moral guilt of innocence. It poison be <m-en with a vie* to destroy another, and it cures him of disease, the poisoner is guilty, but the act is beneficent in its results, it medicine be given with a view to heal, and it happens to kill, he who administered it is iu- , noeent, but the act is a noxious one. If they , who beguH and prosecuted the slave trade, practised horrible cruelties and inflicted much suffering ? as no doubt they did, though these have been much exaggerated? for merely >? selfish purposes, and with no view to future good, thev were morally most guilty, oo lnr as unnecessary cruelty was practised the motive and the act were alike bad. But if we could be sure that the entire effcct of the trac*e has been to produce more happiness than would otherwise have existed, we must pronounce it good, aud that it has happened in the ordering of God's providence, to whom evil cannot be imputed. Moral guilt has uot been imputed .to Las Casas, and if t e lm portation of Africau slaves into America, had the effect of preventing more suffering thau it inflicted, it was ^ood, both in the motive and the result. I freely admit that, it 's hardly possible to justify moially, those who b6guu and canied-on the slave trade. No specu el ation of future good to be brought about could ^compensate the enormous amount oi evil it occasioned. v ., [TO EKOO^TItfUED.J., , ' - . r . Natchez, Dec. 29. Another Dreadful Steamboat disaster ? We have again to record another disastrous * I refer to President Dew on? this subject. t It is not uncommon, especially in Char.estc^uto tee slaves, after many descents and having TOingfed., their blood with the Africans, possessing Indian hair gndfeaJ&ttre?. ; K.'~ ? event, that has occurred on our waters. We give the particulars as furnished lis by one of the surviving passengers. About 10 o'clock, on Wednesday night the 27th inst. the Steam Boat Black Hawk, while descending t lie Mississippi river, about 30 miles below Natchez, on her trip to Red rivf r, burst one or more of her boilers, with a fatal and tremendous explosion. It is sup posed that all her boilers burst, as two or three distinct reports were heard. It is impossible to ascertain the whole number ef passengers missing, at the time. The names of the surviving cabin passengers are Major J)e Kussey, U.. S. A. Miss Dexter, Mr. Duckett and family, W. C. Duffield, of Missouri, 1\. B. Hyde, Vermont, E. Man ning, N. Orleans, Mr. Sanford and Mr. Nichols, Alexandria. The only missing cabin passenger is Mr. Del isle, of Alexandria ; two servants of Mr. Duffield were blown overboard and killed, about ten or twelve j deck passengers were missing ; three were killed, and seven dangerously scalded, two of whom died oo their passage to this place on {lie following morning, and fifteen slightly scalded. The explosion was probably more destruc tive than any that has ever occurred on the Mississippi river. Immediately after the ex plosion the boat was discovered to be on fire, and was sinking from leaks produced by the explosion. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to get a line on shore. The situ ation of one hundred passengers floating in the middle of the river (one half of whom were women and children,) without any as sistance in view while the bout floated about fifteen miles, can be better imagined than described. The lire was happily extinguish ed, and ilu ir perilous situation was only re lieved by the assistance of a flat boat belong ing to Mr. of Rising iSun, Indiana, who kindly responded to the call of Major de Kus sey, and Capt. Taylor, who went in pursuit of aid, and it is to the assistance of the Cap tain of the Flat Boat, who will be remem bered by the passengers with the most grate ful feelings, that every rescued passenger in ( all probability owes the preservation of his life. Capt. Taylor and crew on this trying i occasion, conducted' themselves with the ut most propriety,, and acquitted themselves entirely to the satisfaction of the passengers. ? The loss of. money and property was very considerable, Major DeRussey was in poses session^ of about three ? hundred - thousand dollars, government money,.-for the .purpose of disbursing, of which abotft-foity thousand dollars were blown through and about the boat, many of the boxes being entirely bro ken to pieces, and their contents scattered. It is suppose^jhpt about 8 or 10 thousand 'dollars weiii info the river, and consequently will be lost i also many .trunks containing money ^edproper ty o f valuebelonging to pas/ ,sengers;?:~*Much of the cargo will be greatly damaged or entirely lost. .,1. _ \ ??% -- Tkc passengers , feel -their entire inability > to'do justice at -this time to the .magnanimous eoa&ac* eifrGjapt. Ruddr of the.. Steam boat Cojpmerce, and Br. pale, passenger* on the Commerce, but hope at a future timeyto re-' -pay in some"" measure those highly philan thropic gentlemen who afforded every assis , tance to the .unfortunates sufferers, which pos3iWy could be.-giVen^to thern.- Capt. Rudd, after releasing "the ~ passengers, and landing them on shore, remained several 'hours with the Boat, affording every comfort and taking all on board who wished to avail themselves of the opportunity. HORRIBLE AFFAIR. r- ' ?. v #< ? j ? ? ^ ; A slip from the office of the Louisville Advertiser contains the details of an attempt to rob the Mechanics Savings Institution of that place, which ended in murder and sui cide. j The treasurer, II. S. Julian, had gone to "dinner, leaving the first clerk, O. M. Parker, .in. the ' bank. After the treasurer left, it seems Clarendon E. Dicks was admitted into the institution by Mr. Parker, who had been acquainted with Dicks from boyhood. Un der what pretext Dicks entered, or how he acted immediately after obtaining admission, must be matter of conjecture. It appears, however, that Mr. Parker was killed at his desk by a blow with the hammer used in can celling notes paid. He was struck on the top of the head, and the hammer buried to the handle in his brain. At this instant it is supposed Dicks com menced his search for money, as a drawer, in which bank notes are usually kept, was found partly drawn out ? when Mr. Julian, the trea surer, arrived and knocked at the door of the building. Dicks opeued the door, admit ted Julian, shut the door again, and com menced an attack upon him with the hammer With which Parker had been killed. Julian, unapprised of what had occurred, parried the blows aimed at him, and begged Dicks to pause, assuring hiin that he was mistaken. ? Dicks continued the assault ? making blow alter blow ? until Mr. Julian had an opportu nity to seize the hammer, when in strug gling with his adversary Julian fell but not without wresting the hammer from Dicks. Deprived of the hammer, Dicks began to feel for his pistol. The aim of Dicks was seen, and as Julian arose from the floor, he discovered Parker lying dead in the room. Suddenly Julian raised a chair threw it at Dicks, and thus gained time to rush out of the door, and gave the alarm to some two or three persons in the immediate neighborhood. At this moment, Dicks, finding detection was inevitable, raised the pistol to the side of his head, aud shot himself. Mr. Julian though badly wounded on the head and face is not considered dangerous. Parker was cut oil iu the prime of life, leav | ing an interesting wife and three children, the : former in a state of mind that beggars de- i j scriptioo. The cause of all this is gambling ! Dicks, having lost every thing at the gaming table, was driven by desperation to commit the dreadful act of murder. For years he had been an honest and respectable clerk in Louisville, but overcome by the infatuating vice that proved his ruin, he acted dishonestly and found it impossible to obtain employment. His sad end is already told. Christmas in Old Virginia. ? A Corre spondent in Poulson's Advertiser, who writes from on board the United States Ship Pennsylvania, gives us the following amusing sketch of the negro jollifications in Virginia | during the Christmas holiday. The scene is in Hampton: ? This is a holiday. F rom Christmas to New Year the blacks are free. Jollification is the order of the day. We were soon reminded of this by seeing, in front of' us, a group of | blacks. They were in full go. A fiddler [ born for the profession, as you would have concluded had you seen him, was going it to a Virginia reel ? while a couple of the group were footing it, upon a refined imitation of Jim Crow. I wish you could have been there |jave seen the fiddler and the principal ? and to have witnessed the joy and ^iadiiesjs that pervaded the countenance of saaaBagfc ' those poor follows. The fi ldler was a man i of short stature ? with n full greasy face, that indicated his being well led. His upper lip was enormously long and lull ? this lie kept to the constant motion, but as to the sort of motion, 110 human being could tell. It jvas perpendicular ? horizontal ? eliptic ? now in this way ? now that; whilst his eyes were nearly closed, and his right foot was keeping time, not by a gentle, but firm and vigorous motion with his fiddle. Before him were .a couple of daccers. You may suppose these to have been clad for the occasion: Not so. They in tboir ornfield costume. The very sigwt of one of their feet was enough to make one blow ? so heavy, so unmanageable dial it seem, (the leg had been placed just in tke middle.) This foot wa- covered with a hugs shoe, and plentifully covered over with fes toons, made of worn out stockings and trow sers. But to this foot were appended mus cles of extraordinary flexibility and strength ? and it was made to fly about, keeping company with its partner, as though the whole had been made of sturgeons nose or cork. Nothing could beat the variety of the gesticulations of these holiday dancers; nor could any thing excel the expression of hap piness which beamed from their countenance. We gave the fiddler a mite, and passsed on. ? The Traveller Dog. ? Dash, the subject of the following lines, is a native of Hanover Country, Virginia? was carried to Boon Country, Kentucky, the F all of 1835, between two and three hundred miles of the way by water, 011 board a Steamboat. He remained apparently satisfied, with the family that car ried him there, for three weeks after their landing, when he suddenly disappeared, and in eighteen days arrived at the place of his nativity, having, travelled a distance of six hundred miles.'* A few weeks after his return to Virginia, he was again carried back to Keutucky, where he remained quietly and apparently satisfied for two years, when lie again left his home iirKentucky, and in twen ty-eight days was at the above named place in Hanover. N. B. What perhaps renders the last trip More singular is, that he left his home eight days before his owner, who was about to visit Virginia on business. . Oh ! Stranger, if your heart's of flesh, For God's sake favor my poor DAsn ; Devotion to his native home, Has caused him more than onre, to roam A distance of six hundred miles ; From where the mountain?, woods and wilds Have form'd a western wilderness, To old Virginia lov'd not less, Jn this, her poor deserted state, ~ Than when she shar'd a better fate, Preferring hereto die, than live, i With all a wilderness couid give. Oh ! 'twould have mov'd a heart of stone To've seen- his bleeding feet so worn ? 1 His faltering steps ? his meagre frame, As friendless tind alone he enme, To^fie'ekj-jonce. more,. the snot that gave him birth, His dust to mingle with its native e:< rth. Richmond Whig. . THE YOUNG QUEEN. v The Foreign Correspondent of the New York. Star, gives a description of the young Queen, which proves that there is much poe try in her people, who make a beauty of her. The Queen, as you know, was 18 in May. She is an agreeable looking young woman with a blonde complexion (not a clear blonde, but the sodden hue which people get who jeside for some time in London. Iler eyes and hair are light. She wears her hair in the plainest manner: usually drawn behind the ears. In the back it is dressed a la Grec. Her forehead is good, ? the skin tight on it, but not so tight as to give the glossy appear ance of polished marble, which looks very ugly. The lips rather full, pouting and red. Her teeth are regular, and not particularly white, nor does she show them much when she speaks. Her nose is almost aquiline, and I would call it her best feature. She has rather high cheek bones, and her face when looked at in front appears too broad and flat to be handsome. In a word, she is an agree able, good humored looking, but by no means a haudsoraeyoung woman. She is apparent ly in good spirit, and laughs very frequently. . The Queen's neck is longer than due pro portion warrants. Her head sits well upon 1 it." Her waist is small. Her hands and feet are small: the hand white and plump, with taper fingers, loaded- with many neat rings. Were you to see the Queen on her throne, or on a chair, or on horseback, you would think that she was fully of the middle height, but when she rises you see that she is of the " dumpy" genus. The fact is, she sits as if she was five feet five inches high, and she stands more than three inches less. This is owing to her legs being disproportion Wy short. This dispropoition causes her to walk indifferently ? waddling along in fact. To carry off her want of height, she is fond, on state occasions, of having her train borne by two very little pages ? the youngest lOyears old. But as ill luck would have it, the Mar chioness of Wellesley, Marchioness of Lans downe, Countess of Malgrave, Duchess of Southerjand, and other ladies about her per son are tall women, and the contrast makes the Queen appear of lower stature than she really is. Her mother is a tall, well made, dark haired brunette, with remarkably fin? eyes. Her father, like the rest oftheitoyal family, was over the middle stature. Very little is now said about the Queen's marriage. " Methinks she has quite time enough to think of that some years to come. They say, indeed, that Lord Elphinstone is coming back from India, and that she had a penchant for him. How far this is true, there are and can be no means, at present, of ascer taining. On one point there is no dispute ? the Queen may legally espouse a subject, if it so please her. From the Richmond Whiff. MR. CALHOUN'S RESOLUTIONS. We are not aware that any benefit will ac crue to the South from the adoption of these resolutions. We should take care lest inju ry result from their inducing a false impres sion of security. We should not be lulled by any resolutions ? certainly not by these, which involve important concessions on our part, and yet are received with evident dissat isfaction by the North. The truth is, as was declared bv Mr. Wise at the meeting of the Colonization Society, no resolutions which will command the as sent of a majority ofCongress, will constitute any protection or guarantie for Southern rights. We are in a minority on this great question, and we must look to ourselves alone for safety. The resolutions submitted by Mr. Clay, though yielding much on our part, are as strong in our favor, we are assured, as any that can be procured from Congress. The fact should arouse us to a sense of our situation. We have conceded the reception of abolition petitions relating to slavery in the District and Territories, to enable our friends at the North to sustain themselves before the people. But this does not satisfy either the petitioners, or a large portion of the North- ] ern delegation in Congress, who claim as a right still farther and more important con cessions from us. They assert the right of prohibiting what they term the slave trade between the States, and demand that the pe titions be not only received, but that their prayer may be granted. Nothing less will, in the opinion of these fanatics, save the great right of petition from contempt. It is important that the Southern people should begin to think, not only of resistance, but of the specific mode of resistance. They can very well make preparations for defence and safety, at the same time that they- listen with becoming deference to the homilies of their Northern brethren on the blessings of the Union. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SENATE ON THE VERMONT RESOLUTIONS. _ ^ Correspondence of the Baltimore Patriot. , * WASHINGTON, Jan. 17. ' In the Senate, Mr. Swift of Vermont pre sented the resolutions from the Legislature i of that State, in reference to Slavery and its effects, Abolition, the annexion of Texas, &c. &c. Mr. Swift said, he felt it a duty to the Leg islature of his State, to lay this paper before the Senate, and though he was not required* to vindicate the opinions and sentiments con tained in them, yet, there was one thing he would ever be ready to maintain and defend, the rights of a people of a Sovereign State, and of their representatives to express what they think and feel on thesubject referred to. He complained of the course of Southern Senators, in opposing the reception of the re solutions when first presented ; and of the harsh terms which had been heaped upon them since. With regard to a charge made by Mr. Strange, of N. C. that the State of Vermont had disgraced herself by the adoption of the resolution, he declared himself reaidy lo leave the question to the decision of the country and the world, whether the sentiments here expres sed, or the opposite were more degrading to the State. He denied also the charge of Mr. King; who had pronounced the report accompanying the resolutions to be an iufamous libel upon the people of the South. The purpose of the Legislature, he said, was to bring arguments against the annexion of Texas ; and with that view they had thought proper to- point out the effects of slavery. ?. C" ^ All the abusive language: and severe epi thets in the world, he assured the Senate, would not change the views of the pepple'of his section, nor alter iheir course ofcouduct" lle concluded by moving that the resolutions be received. ? , - - ? ?* Mr. Prentiss, of Vermont, followed with some observations in the same strain* %He had not expected opposition to the receptibn of this paper,, from gentlemen who are con stantly talking about State Rights. He also ! complained of the want of courtesy aud mag Inanimity exhibited by those who had indulg- . ed in severe invectives against the. authors of the resolutions, \Snd declared all those harsh expressions unjust and injurious when applied i to the people of his State.' ?? .y*- T After a few words of explanation from Mr~' ["Cuthbertof Georgia ? . Mr, Preston rose and spoke with great elo-; quence. lie complimented both the Sena- j tors from Vermont as having on all occasions exhibited a grave and dignified bearing^bon orable to themselves and the body.; . He had the greatest disposition to treat every thing coming from a sovereign Slate with themost perfect respect: and as the Vermont Senators had presented this paper by the immediate direction of their Legislature, hewasanxious to act with all circumspection. But, Mr. Preston continued, the duties of respect are relative. Those who would receive it, must demean themselves with respect . towards others, and take care to preserve their own. self-respect. But how is k in this case I? Here is a paper from a Sovereign State, which," were it a petition of individuals, would justly deserve to be characterised, as Mr. King- did characterise it, as an infamous libel upon the South. It is full of opprobrious- epithets and violent language. And if, we*, whose natural^ feelings prompt .us to emphatic expression,; talk of those who deliberately hold such lan guage to us as incendiaries and fenatics, are we to be complained of here ? -are we to be taxed by grave imd dignified Senators with want of courtesy and magnanimity. ; . Sir, the language of retort by us, has never been so strong as that with which; we have been incessantly and systematically assailed. When has any one of us in his place? when have our constituents assailed the whole com munity of the North, with the outrage and, contumely directed against us, by the Ver mont Legislature? ? ' - ? ' ^ Mr. Preston here made some quotations, in which the South was represented to be in a condition of perpetual anarchy and disor der. The reading of the extracts produced a strong sensation among the Southern Sena tors and Representatives. Is not, he exclaim ed, is not this language false and libellous ? would it not be so regarded, if it were to. come from an individual ? ? would not hispe- , tition be driven at once from this chamber, as iusulting to the people of thirteeu States of this Union ? ^ ? * ? ? Mr. Preston repelled, in the strongest terms, this reproach and cohtumly; and concluded with a most fervid and eloquent eulogium upon the character of the Southern people. He sat down declaring himself opposed to receiving any paper so full of opprobrious and insulting language. Mr. Strange of N. C. made a short speech, chiefly in vindication of the terms he had used in speaking of the resolutions. He maintained that those terms were deserved. He also opposed the reception. Judge White made a few observations against receiving the paper. He commented with some severity upon the character of the resolutions. Mr. Calhoun repeated, what he said before, that as a State Rights man, he could not vote against the reception 5 but as a Southern man he would not vote for it. He gave no vote. After a few remarks from Mr. Roane, of Va. which were inaudible tome, the question was taken on laying the motion to receive on the table, and negatived, ayes 12, nays 26. The resolutions were then received ; but Mr. Swift did not press for their consideration ; so they remain on the table for the present. l east Powders. nSlHESK Powders arc an admirable substitute for -M- Yeast, in making all kinds of Buckwheat and Mailer Cakes, and have the advantage over th.it ar ticle, in making the Batter perfectly fight, and ready for bakine the instant they are mixed. Buckwheat and other cakes, made with these powjfers, are found to aijree remqrkably well with the stomachs of many persons, especially dyspeptics, when those made in the ordinary way (by fermenta- I tion)( cannot he borne: and as it Tequirts but a few 1 minutes to prepare for baking, the possibility of ever j having them sour is entirely avoided. For sale at ?. SILL'S Drug Store, i Jap. 27. 4 j ?olti m1&r%x\ % SATURDAY. JAXIJawy 2? Oseola and 116 other Io^q^chj , warriors, fraudulently taken prisoners b "Xesup, are now held captive in an 1 States fortress in the harbor of CharlestoS, Why does not the President of the United States direct them to be instanjly set at liber ty ? The honor of the Government requires it. By permitting their detention, Mr. Van -? Buren endorses the falsehood and treachery,-.^ and shares the infamy, of the violator, .of flag of truer.. \ A fresh war has broken out ! There is a r\ " ' * " ' * certain bank of Oysters, in the Chesapeake? the enjoyment of which is claimed by t tig citizens' of both the . opposite coasts. Thfit? Pennsylvanians have repaired to the aptit ihj, trusty sail boats, equipped with small anrts/^! The Marylanders are in a steam boat, furtnsl*-' v ed with a cannon ; and, shouting the' samer.i^ battle-cry of "oysters, oysters," the ? com- *? batants from the rival shores are resolutely*^ advancing to the encounter, \ * ^ Now, this is what we call a sensible quar^ rel. In most of the, wars that desolate .<he/i earth, the subject of .dispute is,. for |he folly of mankind, in general frivolous and^ valueless.? A few acres of barren territory-^? v an imaginary right ? something ror other. 40.' ? insignificant that when the contest is decided ; the conquered and the conquerors are both:; losers. . " Liberty itself, the great inspirer; to>/ martial deeds, -too often proves an einptyv sound. Fame, the coy goddess, so difficult-; to win,, what does she bestow ? ? a merei*. /V * 0 - ? ' \j3 nanie ? an uusubstantial shade ! But a bank'.* of fat oysters! There is someting real^-^-' something worth fighting for. ? No doubt conflict will be a desperate, one. * We ,euTy-: the 'victors from the veiy bottom of 9Ur. stomachV V W e have-receivied papers^frpm Houawr -theseat of .Government of ^ejcas^dartd,ttl: 0*7 the Republic adjourned oh the 19th. A 1% is eiven ^ofj* 137> ActS> jA^>'|^ij^^.K^oluUons . pas*??v The editor ofrthe< official: Journal n^^DCOOPII -VlAf " s :seejns to e$tii?gte the dignity ,ofr$&omntoi wealtlTbyHK&S^i^^^ ' -? WpJ^S ? it probable (hat afew more sessions; offi?j T 1 I - -?-II -r Ll-^j - -* ? seam^n,jand aor 308 hundred Indians?to The Bapks mAlbanybave resumed specie-, payment, it is. expected tha'the resunyj^ tiori will be general about the 1st of May* }?? -J Resolutions have been introduced in th&; Legislature of Tennessee, fnsfructing Senators in Congress to vote against^ the? sub-treasury project." The Banner says that J they will undoubtedly ;? -i ? : ? ? *; yfr# _ K Mr/ Fitzgerald Of JNew Yorfc.has in- r vented what he calls a Solomanfltr forT* preserving papers, it was proved* by expen^J ment that a strong fire kept up Meen honrs? does not injure- the contents. A supply should without delay be procured for th?>. Treasury and Post Office buildings at Wash-^" ington. ? . ' y ,v*v -m i ' . . - . w* v. ' . Ikf Appointment by the Governor.?--The Rer^ Wm. Capers, of Charleston, is appointed Commissioner of the fund for the education of the Deaf and Dumb children of this Stated The Internal Improvement Bill, by which ?650,000 are subscribed to the Charleston^ and Cincinnati Rail Road, has passed the? Senate of Tennessee, by a vote of 15 to 10, ? It passed the House previously, - but has toj be 3gain acted upon there, as the Senate ha* made some alterations. QCf* Some one writes to us from theconn-^j try, under the signature of "Fair Play,'1^ complaining that we did injustice to the cur^* rency question, as lately debated in'our L?g-^ islature, bypublishing no speech but that oR Mr. Petigru ? that we should also have ' given some of those on the other side. ' .-J It is sufficient for us to inform "Fair Play that while that debate was going Ob,' we. offered to each of the gentlemen consprcu-,, ous in it,- on either side, to publish their' speeches in our paper. Mr. Petigru is the' only one who thought proper to accept our'^ proposal. If the speeches of Messrs. Davie* } Rhctt , Memminger, &c. have not been pub lished, it is their own choice. % ' ^ The United States ship Peacock lately-. m 'j2 arriving at Norfolk from a long cruise,, the ^ Marines were paid their wages it) depreciated paper. An old Tar,^ a rage, tore the Eagle? from his hat and swore that he would never serve the United States again. We perceive that Mr. Woodbury is now : issuing treasury notes bearing five per cent ' interest, (instead of two per cent, as hereto- , fore) and is buying specie with them. We suppose it is to raise ?old, with which to pay ; members of Congress, as was done at the extra session in September. Capt. Kearney has been appointed to the. ; command of the Exploring Expedition,^ which is to be despatched forthwith. The*"; Macedonian is not to go, but in its place 2 two sloops, the Vandalia and , Peacock^ The squadron.- will consist of 2. sloops, a.' store ship ahi schooner.